Ground experiment device and method for simulating train-tunnel coupling transient pressure

Abstract

The invention discloses a ground experiment device and method for simulating train-tunnel coupling transient pressure. The experiment device comprises a supporting base, an outer cabin model, operation equipment and a pneumatic control module. The outer cabin model is arranged on the supporting base; the pneumatic control module comprises a controller, at least one vacuum pump assembly and at least one air compressor assembly; the vacuum pump assembly and the air compressor assembly are communicated with the interior of the outer cabin model. The output end of the operation equipment is electrically connected with the input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is electrically connected with the input ends of the vacuum pump assembly and the air compressor assembly; through cooperative work of the air compressor and the vacuum pump, accurate control over the pressure in the outer cabin model is achieved through positive and negative pressure composite driving, the positive and negative pressure alternation phenomenon simultaneously existing on the surface of a train in the tunnel environment can be truly simulated, and transient pressure fluctuation generated when the train passes through a tunnel is accurately reproduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel aerodynamics experimental technology, and in particular to a ground experimental device and method for simulating train-tunnel coupled transient pressure. Background Technology

[0002] As my country's railway network extends into areas with complex terrain, the proportion of tunnels on main railway lines continues to rise. Trains traveling through tunnels generate complex aerodynamic effects. During the entry of the train's front and rear into the tunnel, air compression and expulsion generate compression and expansion waves, respectively. These waves repeatedly reflect within the tunnel and superimpose with subsequent waves, resulting in high-amplitude transient pressure fluctuations on the train surface. Furthermore, when trains traverse tunnels for extended periods or pass through multiple tunnel groups consecutively, the train's air conditioning system typically employs forced ventilation to maintain stable air quality in the passenger compartment. This mechanism directly transmits transient pressure fluctuations from outside the train to the interior, causing a sharp increase in the amplitude of pressure fluctuations inside the train, directly impacting passenger ear comfort. Therefore, in-depth research on transient pressure fluctuations in trains within tunnels is crucial for optimizing passenger compartment pressure control strategies and improving the train travel experience.

[0003] Currently, research methods for transient pressure fluctuations in train-tunnel coupling mainly include real-vehicle experiments, numerical simulation, and model experiments. Real-vehicle experiments rely on the existing track environment, resulting in long testing cycles, high costs, significant environmental influences, and difficulty in reproducing specific operating conditions. While numerical simulation can simulate complex flow fields, its calculation accuracy for transient phenomena such as turbulent dissipation and vortex breaking during train-tunnel coupling is insufficient, and the large mesh size required for three-dimensional unsteady calculations leads to huge computational resource consumption. Model experiments are constrained by conflicting similarity criteria, making it difficult to simultaneously consider the equivalence of geometric, mechanical, and flow characteristics, and thus difficult to reproduce the time-varying flow characteristics caused by the relative motion between trains and tunnels. Furthermore, model experiments are limited by experimental sites, making it difficult to conduct relevant experiments on extremely long tunnels.

[0004] In summary, existing methods are insufficient to accurately simulate the multi-stage transmission characteristics of pressure fluctuations in long tunnels and lack the ability to efficiently reproduce complex transient pressure fluctuations, thus limiting the engineering applicability of research results on train-tunnel coupled transient pressure fluctuations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a ground experimental device and method for simulating train-tunnel coupled transient pressure, in order to solve the problems of lack of dynamic control capability of tunnel flow field, difficulty in reproducing specific working conditions and high experimental cost in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a ground experimental device for simulating train-tunnel coupled transient pressure, comprising: a support base, an outer cabin model, operating equipment, and a pneumatic control module; The outer cabin model is mounted on a support base; the pneumatic control module includes a controller, at least one vacuum pump assembly, and at least one air compressor assembly; both the vacuum pump assembly and the air compressor assembly are connected to the interior of the outer cabin model. The output of the operating device is electrically connected to the input of the controller to send air pressure regulation commands to the controller; the output of the controller is electrically connected to the inputs of the vacuum pump assembly and the air compressor assembly respectively to adjust the pressure inside the outer cabin model according to the commands to simulate transient pressure fluctuations during train operation.

[0007] Optionally, the vacuum pump assembly includes a vacuum pump, a first connecting gas pipe, and a first solenoid valve; The vacuum pump is connected to the outer cabin model through a first connecting air pipe, and the first solenoid valve is installed on the first connecting air pipe; the input terminals of the vacuum pump and the first solenoid valve are both electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller.

[0008] Optionally, the air compressor assembly includes an air compressor, a second connecting air pipe, and a second solenoid valve; The air compressor is connected to the outer cabin model via a second connecting air pipe, and the second solenoid valve is installed on the second connecting air pipe; the input terminals of the air compressor and the second solenoid valve are both electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller.

[0009] Optionally, the outer cabin model includes a cabin shell, on which a hatch and several observation windows are provided; The top of the outer shell of the cabin is provided with several operating ports, and each operating port is provided with a sealing part.

[0010] Optionally, the sealing portion includes a door panel, at least one hinge assembly, and at least one door pressure plate assembly; The hinge assembly includes a hinge plate and a hinge seat; the door pressure plate assembly includes a door pressure plate, a pin seat, a pin, a hinge bolt, and a handle nut. Along the first direction, the hinge seat and the pin seat are respectively disposed on the two end side walls of the operating port; one end of the hinge plate is disposed on the door panel surface, and the other end is movably connected to the hinge seat; the pin seat is provided with two mounting holes for mounting the pin, and the end of the swivel bolt is provided with a pin hole, and the pin connects the pin seat and the swivel bolt by connecting the mounting holes on the pin seat and the pin hole on the swivel bolt; one end of the door pressure plate is fixedly disposed on the door panel surface, and the other end is provided with a groove; the top end of the swivel bolt is threadedly connected to the handle nut, and after the swivel bolt is embedded in the groove, the door panel is pressed against the operating port by tightening the handle nut.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes at least one pressure sensor, which is installed inside the outer cabin model to collect pressure data at preset measuring points inside the outer cabin model; the output of the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the input of the controller.

[0012] Optionally, the vacuum pump assembly also includes an overload protector; the overload protector is electrically connected to the vacuum pump to prevent damage to the vacuum pump due to sudden pressure changes inside the outer cabin model.

[0013] Optionally, the outer shell of the cabin is provided with at least one power cord hole for electrical equipment inside the cabin to be electrically connected to the controller through the power cord hole.

[0014] Optionally, the controller has a built-in feature extraction algorithm and a pressure regulation algorithm.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for simulating train-tunnel coupled transient pressure ground experiments, applied to the experimental apparatus described above, comprising: S1: Obtain actual pressure data outside the train when it is running at high speed; S2: Import the actual pressure data into the operating device, perform data parsing and integrity verification on the actual pressure data, and output valid pressure data to the controller; S3: Based on the feature extraction algorithm built into the controller, perform feature extraction on the effective pressure data to obtain pressure waveform features; S4: The controller allocates the control timing of different solenoid valves according to the pressure waveform characteristics in order to regulate the pressure inside the outer cabin model; S5: Acquire current pressure data at preset measuring points inside the outer cabin model based on pressure sensors and send it to the controller; S6: Based on the pressure regulation algorithm built into the controller, calculate the current pressure data to obtain the phase difference and amplitude difference between the current pressure data and the preset waveform data, and correct the opening sequence of the solenoid valve according to the phase difference, and adjust the output power of the air compressor and / or vacuum pump according to the amplitude difference.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the embodiments provided by the present invention include: This invention achieves precise pressure control within the outer cabin model by using a combination of positive and negative pressure driven by an air compressor and a vacuum pump working together. This realistically simulates the alternating positive and negative pressure phenomena that exist simultaneously on the surface of a train in a tunnel environment. The combined use of the air compressor and vacuum pump provides smooth and continuous pressure regulation capabilities, significantly improving the fidelity of the pressure waveform and the accuracy of the experiment.

[0017] This invention monitors pressure data at various measuring points inside the outer chamber model using pressure sensors. The controller then precisely controls the opening and closing sequence of different solenoid valves based on the pressure data. By adjusting the output power of the air compressor and vacuum pump, the controller generates dynamic pressure fluctuations that meet experimental requirements, achieving precise closed-loop control of the pressure environment inside the chamber and improving the active control capability of the tunnel's dynamic flow field. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of one side of the experimental apparatus in an embodiment of this specification is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the other side of the experimental apparatus in the embodiments of this specification is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of one structure of the sealing part in an embodiment of this specification is shown; Figure 4 This specification shows another structural schematic diagram of the sealing part in an embodiment; Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the experimental methods in the embodiments of this specification is shown; Wherein: 1 is the support base; 2 is the outer shell of the cabin; 21 is the hatch; 22 is the observation window; 23 is the vacuum pump; 231 is the first connecting air pipe; 232 is the first solenoid valve; 24 is the air compressor; 241 is the second connecting air pipe; 242 is the second solenoid valve; 25 is the operating port; 26 is the sealing part; 261 is the door panel; 262 is the hinge plate; 263 is the hinge seat; 264 is the door pressure plate; 265 is the pin seat; 266 is the pin; 267 is the swivel bolt; 268 is the handle nut; 269 is the washer; 27 is the reinforcing rib; 28 is the spare hole; 29 is the power cord hole; 3 is the operating equipment; 4 is the controller. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without requiring some of these specific details. The following description of embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples of the invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a ground experimental device for simulating train-tunnel coupled transient pressure, including: a support base 1, an outer cabin model, an operating device 3, and a pneumatic control module; For example, the outer cabin model is set on the support base 1 to simulate the external environment when the train is running; Specifically, the outer cabin model includes a cabin shell 2, wherein the cabin shell 2 is provided with a hatch 21 for easy access to equipment inside the cabin shell and several observation windows 22; The bottom of the outer shell 2 is fixedly connected to the support base 1. The hatch 21 is installed in the lower middle part of the rear end of the outer shell 2, and the bottom of the hatch 21 is flush with the bottom of the outer shell 2. Several observation windows 22 are set on one side of the outer shell 2 for observing the inside of the outer shell 2.

[0026] Specifically, the pneumatic control module includes a controller 4, at least one vacuum pump assembly, and at least one air compressor assembly; both the vacuum pump assembly and the air compressor assembly are connected to the interior of the outer cabin model. The output of the operating device 3 is electrically connected to the input of the controller 4 to send air pressure regulation commands to the controller 4; the output of the controller 4 is electrically connected to the inputs of the vacuum pump assembly and the air compressor assembly respectively, to adjust the pressure inside the outer cabin model according to the commands, so as to simulate the transient pressure fluctuations during train operation.

[0027] In some embodiments, the vacuum pump assembly includes a vacuum pump 23, a first connecting gas pipe 231, and a first solenoid valve 232; Specifically, the vacuum pump 23 is connected to the outer cabin model through the first connecting air pipe 231, and the first solenoid valve 232 is installed on the first connecting air pipe 231; The input terminal of vacuum pump 23 is electrically connected to the output terminal of controller 4, so as to regulate the output power of vacuum pump 23 through controller 4; the input terminal of first solenoid valve 232 is electrically connected to the output terminal of controller 4.

[0028] In some embodiments, the air compressor assembly includes an air compressor 24, a second connecting air pipe 241, and a second solenoid valve 242; Specifically, the air compressor 24 is connected to the outer cabin model through the second connecting air pipe 241, and the second solenoid valve 242 is installed on the second connecting air pipe 241; The input terminal of the air compressor 24 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller 4, so as to regulate the output power of the air compressor 24 through the controller 4; the input terminal of the second solenoid valve 242 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller 4.

[0029] In this embodiment, the pneumatic control module includes eight vacuum pump assemblies and eight air compressor assemblies; In some embodiments, the top of the outer shell 2 is provided with a number of operation ports 25, which are used to assemble, debug and adjust the working conditions of the equipment inside the outer shell 2 during the experiment, and to facilitate subsequent extended experiments (such as the deployment of special environment simulation devices).

[0030] like Figures 3-4 As shown, specifically, a sealing part 26 is provided on each of the several operating ports 25; the sealing part 26 includes a door panel 261, at least one door pressure plate assembly and at least one hinge assembly; The hinge assembly includes a hinge plate 262 and a hinge seat 263; the door pressure plate assembly includes a door pressure plate 264, a pin 266, a seat 265, a pin 266, a snap bolt 267, and a handle nut 268. Along the first direction, the hinge seat 263 and the pin seat 265 are respectively provided on the two end side walls of the operation port 25; wherein, the first direction is the length direction of the outer shell 2.

[0031] One end of the hinge plate 262 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the door panel 261, and the other end is movably connected to the hinge seat 263. The pin seat 265 has two corresponding through holes for mounting the pin 266. The end of the swivel bolt 267 has a pin hole. The pin 266 connects the pin seat 265 and the swivel bolt 267 by connecting the through hole on the pin seat 265 and the pin hole on the swivel bolt 267. One end of the door pressure plate 264 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the door panel 261, and the other end has a U-shaped groove. The top end of the swivel bolt 267 is threadedly connected to the handle nut 268. After the swivel bolt 267 is embedded in the U-shaped groove, the door panel 261 is pressed against the operating port 25 by tightening the handle nut 268.

[0032] In some embodiments, the door pressure plate assembly further includes a gasket, which is sleeved over the snap bolt 267 and fixedly connected to the lower end of the handle nut 268 to prevent the handle nut 268 from loosening and to increase the contact area to distribute the preload force; wherein the gasket is a self-lubricating wear-resistant composite gasket.

[0033] In this embodiment, the operating port 25 is sealed by the sealing part 26 to maintain the overall sealing performance of the experimental device and avoid various problems caused by poor sealing at the operating port, such as pressure loss and media contamination, thereby improving the reliability and working efficiency of the equipment.

[0034] It should be noted that this embodiment solves the problem that existing experimental devices require repeated disassembly and reassembly or adjustment of the outer cabin structure when setting and modifying the outer cabin model, which makes the entire experimental process cumbersome. This embodiment uses several openable and closable operating ports, which allows experimental personnel to quickly complete the work of adjusting model parameters, deploying sensors and conducting subsequent extended experiments through the corresponding operating ports without compromising the overall airtightness of the model, saving a lot of manpower and time.

[0035] In some embodiments, the outer cabin model further includes a plurality of reinforcing ribs 27, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the cabin shell 2 to prevent deformation of the cabin shell 2; wherein, a plurality of spare holes 28 are also provided on both sides of the cabin shell 2.

[0036] In some embodiments, the outer cabin model can be divided into multiple independent control sections along the axial direction. Each independent control section is connected to a vacuum pump assembly and an air compressor assembly on its left and right sides, respectively, so that the air pressure state in the corresponding module section can be independently regulated by the controller 4 to dynamically simulate the transient pressure fluctuations caused by the train running at different locations in the external environment.

[0037] For example, the experimental apparatus also includes at least one pressure sensor, which is installed inside the outer shell 2 of the chamber to collect pressure data at a preset measuring point inside the outer shell 2; the output end of the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the input end of the controller 4 to obtain the pressure data at the preset measuring point and send the pressure data to the controller 4.

[0038] In some embodiments, the vacuum pump assembly further includes an overload protector electrically connected to the vacuum pump 23 to prevent damage to the vacuum pump 23 due to sudden pressure changes inside the outer cabin model.

[0039] In some embodiments, the environment that the outer cabin model can simulate includes, but is not limited to, a tunnel environment.

[0040] In some embodiments, the operating device 3 is disposed at the front end of the outer shell 2; the controller 4 is disposed at the front end of the support base 1.

[0041] In some embodiments, the outer shell 2 of the cabin is provided with at least one power cord hole 29 for electrical equipment inside the cabin to be electrically connected to the controller through the power cord hole.

[0042] In some embodiments, the support base 1 includes a support frame, a plurality of casters, and a limiting mechanism; the plurality of casters are disposed at the bottom of the support frame and are used to move the support base 1 to any position by rotating the casters; the positioning mechanism is disposed at the bottom of the support frame and is used to limit the casters when the support base 1 needs to prevent the casters from rotating.

[0043] In some embodiments, the operating device 3 may include a touchscreen that can collect touch operations performed by the user on or near it, such as clicking a button, dragging a scroll bar, etc. The operating device 3 may also include a display screen and operation buttons; the display screen may be configured as a liquid crystal display, light-emitting diode, etc.; the controller 4 is a PLC controller. The controller 4 has built-in feature extraction and pressure regulation algorithms.

[0044] It should be noted that this embodiment differs significantly from existing methods that use traditional dynamic models (such as those that use physical motion to generate pressure waves) to study transient pressure fluctuations in train-tunnel coupling. Traditional dynamic models rely on the passive generation of transient pressure changes by the movement of the train model, which cannot independently control pressure parameters and requires large-scale experimental equipment (such as a 100-meter-level track acceleration system). In contrast, this experimental device can switch working conditions with one click through a pneumatic control module, supporting continuous multi-working-condition testing. It can directly and accurately simulate real transient pressure fluctuations in the tunnel, which is completely different from the technical solution of dynamic models that rely on instantaneous acceleration or centrifugal force to generate unidirectional pressure gradients.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for simulating train-tunnel coupled transient pressure ground experiments, applied to the experimental apparatus described in Embodiment 1, including: S1: Obtain actual pressure data outside the train when it is running at high speed; S2: Import the actual pressure data into the operating device, perform data parsing and integrity verification on the actual pressure data, and output valid pressure data to the controller; S3: Based on the feature extraction algorithm built into the controller, perform feature extraction on the effective pressure data to obtain pressure waveform features; S4: The controller allocates the control timing of different solenoid valves according to the pressure waveform characteristics in order to regulate the pressure inside the outer cabin model; S5: Acquire current pressure data at preset measuring points inside the outer cabin model based on pressure sensors and send it to the controller; S6: Based on the pressure regulation algorithm built into the controller, calculate the current pressure data to obtain the phase difference and amplitude difference between the current pressure data and the preset waveform data, and correct the opening sequence of the solenoid valve according to the phase difference, and adjust the output power of the air compressor and / or vacuum pump according to the amplitude difference.

[0047] In some embodiments, the controller 4 sends all data from the controller 4 to the operating device 3, which then integrates the data sent by the controller 4 to generate a multi-factor test report and displays it.

[0048] The multi-factor test report includes a pressure waveform fitting comparison chart, a parameter error statistics table, and an equipment operation status log.

[0049] In summary, this embodiment achieves precise control of the pressure inside the outer cabin model by using the combined positive and negative pressure drive through the coordinated operation of the air compressor 24 and the vacuum pump 23. This can realistically simulate the alternating positive and negative pressure phenomena that exist simultaneously on the surface of a train in a tunnel environment. The combined use of the air compressor 24 and the vacuum pump 23 has a smooth and continuous pressure regulation capability, which significantly improves the fidelity of the pressure waveform.

[0050] This embodiment can efficiently simulate the transient dynamic pressure fluctuations of a train passing through a tunnel in a controlled experimental environment, improving the accuracy and efficiency of the research. Compared with traditional experimental devices and methods, this embodiment avoids the high costs of real vehicle testing and wind tunnel experiments, supports multiple experimental verifications and system optimizations, ensures the reliability and high fitting degree of the simulation results, and provides more realistic and reliable data. Furthermore, the experimental device in this embodiment can adapt to various complex working conditions.

[0051] In this embodiment, pressure data at various measuring points inside the outer cabin model are monitored by pressure sensors. The controller 4 then precisely controls the opening and closing sequence of the solenoid valve group based on the pressure data. The controller 4 also adjusts the output power of the air compressor 24 and the vacuum pump 23 to generate dynamic pressure fluctuations that meet the experimental requirements, thus achieving precise closed-loop control of the cabin pressure environment.

[0052] It should be noted that the experimental device provided in this embodiment of the invention has the ability to effectively simulate the characteristics of external pressure fluctuations under different altitude environments and various geographical scenarios. It can cover a variety of geographical scenarios and complex working conditions. Its simulation scenarios include, but are not limited to, complex operating environments such as tunnels, open roads, and bridges.

[0053] In particular, for the simulation needs of extreme complex working conditions, the experimental device in this embodiment can generate and apply corresponding pressure fluctuation curves, such as strong crosswind passing conditions, high altitude conditions and other special scenarios. The controller 4 performs real-time feedback adjustment to maintain the accurate reproduction of the pressure waveform and ensure the fidelity of the experimental simulation.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and thus all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A ground experimental device for simulating train-tunnel coupled transient pressure, characterized in that, include: Support base, outer cabin model, operating equipment, and pneumatic control module; The outer cabin model is mounted on a support base; The pneumatic control module includes a controller, at least one vacuum pump assembly, and at least one air compressor assembly; both the vacuum pump assembly and the air compressor assembly are connected to the interior of the outer cabin model. The output of the operating device is electrically connected to the input of the controller to send air pressure regulation commands to the controller; the output of the controller is electrically connected to the inputs of the vacuum pump assembly and the air compressor assembly respectively to adjust the pressure inside the outer cabin model according to the commands to simulate transient pressure fluctuations during train operation.

2. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum pump assembly includes a vacuum pump, a first connecting gas pipe, and a first solenoid valve. The vacuum pump is connected to the outer cabin model through a first connecting air pipe, and the first solenoid valve is installed on the first connecting air pipe; the input terminals of the vacuum pump and the first solenoid valve are both electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller.

3. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air compressor assembly includes an air compressor, a second connecting air pipe, and a second solenoid valve. The air compressor is connected to the outer cabin model via a second connecting air pipe, and the second solenoid valve is installed on the second connecting air pipe; the input terminals of the air compressor and the second solenoid valve are both electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller.

4. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer cabin model includes a cabin shell, on which a hatch and several observation windows are provided; The top of the outer shell of the cabin is provided with several operating ports, and each operating port is provided with a sealing part.

5. The experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sealing part includes a door panel, at least one hinge assembly, and at least one door pressure plate assembly; The hinge assembly includes a hinge plate and a hinge seat; the door pressure plate assembly includes a door pressure plate, a pin seat, a pin, a hinge bolt, and a handle nut. Along the first direction, the hinge seat and the pin seat are respectively disposed on the two end side walls of the operating port; one end of the hinge plate is disposed on the door panel surface, and the other end is movably connected to the hinge seat; the pin seat is provided with two mounting holes for mounting the pin, and the end of the swivel bolt is provided with a pin hole, and the pin connects the pin seat and the swivel bolt by connecting the mounting holes on the pin seat and the pin hole on the swivel bolt; one end of the door pressure plate is fixedly disposed on the door panel surface, and the other end is provided with a groove; the top end of the swivel bolt is threadedly connected to the handle nut, and after the swivel bolt is embedded in the groove, the door panel is pressed against the operating port by tightening the handle nut.

6. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one pressure sensor, which is installed inside the outer cabin model to collect pressure data at preset measuring points inside the outer cabin model; the output of the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the input of the controller.

7. The experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vacuum pump assembly also includes an overload protector; the overload protector is electrically connected to the vacuum pump to prevent damage to the vacuum pump due to sudden pressure changes inside the outer cabin model.

8. The experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer shell of the cabin is provided with at least one power cord hole, which is used to allow electrical equipment inside the cabin to be electrically connected to the controller through the power cord hole.

9. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller has a built-in feature extraction algorithm and a pressure regulation algorithm.

10. A ground test method for simulating train-tunnel coupled transient pressure, characterized in that, Applied to the experimental apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: S1: Obtain actual pressure data outside the train when it is running at high speed; S2: Import the actual pressure data into the operating device, perform data parsing and integrity verification on the actual pressure data, and output valid pressure data to the controller; S3: Based on the feature extraction algorithm built into the controller, perform feature extraction on the effective pressure data to obtain pressure waveform features; S4: The controller allocates the control timing of different solenoid valves according to the pressure waveform characteristics in order to regulate the pressure inside the outer cabin model; S5: Acquire current pressure data at preset measuring points inside the outer cabin model based on pressure sensors and send it to the controller; S6: Based on the pressure regulation algorithm built into the controller, calculate the current pressure data to obtain the phase difference and amplitude difference between the current pressure data and the preset waveform data, and correct the opening sequence of the solenoid valve according to the phase difference, and adjust the output power of the air compressor and / or vacuum pump according to the amplitude difference.

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