Exterior wall component tolerance distribution optimization method based on multi-tolerance collaboration

Abstract

The invention provides an outer wall component tolerance distribution optimization method based on multi-tolerance collaboration. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a wallboard two-dimensional analysis system; establishing a dimension chain formula of the wallboard two-dimensional analysis system; an optimization function with the purpose of minimizing the sum of the comprehensive cost coefficients is constructed through correlation coefficients between the tolerances; determining constraint conditions corresponding to the tolerance in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and constraint conditions of the dimension chain model; an optimal tolerance allocation scheme meeting constraint conditions is obtained through iteration in combination with an improved genetic algorithm containing an elitist strategy; the optimal outer wall component manufacturing tolerance is obtained from the optimal tolerance distribution scheme; according to the relation between the optimal outer wall component manufacturing tolerance and the wallboard two-dimensional analysis system, the sizes of a longitudinal seam, a transverse seam and a diagonal line are obtained; according to the method, multi-tolerance collaboration can be considered, high-accuracy parameters are obtained, and the local optimization problem in the optimization process is avoided by combining the use of an elite strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, and specifically to a method for optimizing the tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration. Background Technology

[0002] In prefabricated buildings, the tolerance allocation of exterior wall components directly affects construction quality, structural reliability, and cost-effectiveness. Current technologies for tolerance allocation in prefabricated wall panels in prefabricated structures are mostly based on one-dimensional dimensional chain analysis, which fails to fully reflect the synergy between tolerances and the dimensional correlations in the lateral, longitudinal, and diagonal directions. Furthermore, the tolerance allocation is primarily uniform, leading to insufficient assembly accuracy and cost assessment. In addition, traditional optimization algorithms (such as standard genetic algorithms) suffer from slow convergence speed and a tendency to get trapped in local optima, making it difficult to achieve global minimization of the overall cost coefficient. Existing research, such as particle swarm optimization or traditional tolerance allocation methods, fails to effectively combine multiple dimensions such as process difficulty, material costs, and worker skill levels, resulting in poor cost control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a method for optimizing the tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration, aiming to improve the installation effect and economy of exterior wall components.

[0004] An optimization method for tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration includes a prefabricated wall, which is assembled from square wall panels arranged in a rectangular array, embedded parts of the wall panels, and embedded parts of the main structure. The optimization method for tolerance allocation of exterior wall components includes:

[0005] Step 1: Establish a two-dimensional analysis system for wall panels;

[0006] Step 2: Based on the synergistic effect of the manufacturing tolerances of exterior wall components, the embedded part tolerances of wall panels, and the embedded part tolerances of the main structure in the horizontal and vertical directions, establish the longitudinal joint dimension chain formula, the transverse joint dimension chain formula, and the diagonal dimension chain formula in the two-dimensional analysis system of wall panels respectively.

[0007] Step 3: Establish the comprehensive cost coefficient for each tolerance using the negative squared cost model; and construct an optimization function with the objective of minimizing the sum of the comprehensive cost coefficients using the correlation coefficients between tolerances.

[0008] Step 4: Determine the constraints of the external wall component manufacturing tolerances, wall panel embedded part tolerances, and main structure embedded part tolerances in the horizontal and vertical directions, as well as the constraints of the longitudinal joint dimension chain model and the transverse joint dimension chain model.

[0009] Step 5: Combine an improved genetic algorithm incorporating an elite strategy to iteratively derive the optimal tolerance allocation scheme that satisfies the constraints;

[0010] Step 6: Obtain the optimal manufacturing tolerance for exterior wall components from the optimal tolerance allocation scheme;

[0011] Step 7: Based on the relationship between the optimal manufacturing tolerance of the exterior wall components and the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panels, obtain the dimensions of the longitudinal joints, transverse joints, and diagonals respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel includes nine wall panels arranged in a 3×3 pattern, as well as the corresponding embedded parts of the wall panels and the embedded parts of the main structure.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 2,

[0014] The formula for the longitudinal seam dimension chain is:

[0015] (1)

[0016] (2)

[0017] The formula for the transverse seam dimension chain is:

[0018] (3)

[0019] (4)

[0020] The formula for the diagonal dimension chain is:

[0021] (5)

[0022] (6)

[0023] (7)

[0024] in, , These are the actual values ​​of the left longitudinal joint and the middle longitudinal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These are the design values ​​for the left longitudinal joint and the middle longitudinal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These represent the embedded part deviations of the right and left wall panels corresponding to the longitudinal joint, with positive deviation in the X direction being positive and negative deviation in the X direction being negative. , These represent the deviations of the embedded parts in the main structure of the wall panel on the right and left sides of the corresponding longitudinal joint, with positive deviations in the X direction being positive and negative deviations in the X direction being negative. , To correspond to the width deviation of the wall panels on the right and left sides of the longitudinal joint, a deviation larger than the design value is considered positive, and a deviation smaller than the design value is considered negative;

[0025] , These are the actual values ​​of the lower horizontal joint and the middle horizontal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These are the design values ​​for the lower transverse seam and the middle transverse seam in the two-dimensional analysis system, respectively. , These represent the embedded part deviations of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joint, with positive deviation in the Y direction being positive and negative deviation in the Y direction being negative. , These represent the deviations of the embedded parts in the main structure of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joints, with positive deviations in the Y direction being positive and negative deviations in the Y direction being negative. , To account for the height deviation of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joint, a deviation larger than the design value is considered positive, and a deviation smaller than the design value is considered negative.

[0026] The actual diagonal dimension in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel; , These are the design values ​​for the width of the wall panels on the left and right sides of the corresponding longitudinal joint along the diagonal; , These are the design values ​​for the height of the wall panels on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding horizontal seam along the diagonal; The actual dimensions of the horizontal right-angled side related to the diagonal, i.e., the actual width of the wall panel and the longitudinal joint between the wall panels. sum; The actual dimensions of the vertical right-angled side related to the diagonal, i.e., the actual height of the wall panel and the horizontal joint between the wall panels. sum.

[0027] Furthermore, the negative squared cost model is the reciprocal of the square of the tolerance;

[0028] Comprehensive cost coefficient for each tolerance for:

[0029] (8)

[0030] Optimization function for:

[0031] (9)

[0032] Among them, T ij For the corresponding tolerances, i=1, 2, 3 refer to the wall panel manufacturing tolerance, wall panel embedded part tolerance, and main structure embedded part tolerance, respectively; j=1, 2 refer to the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively; k ij This is the correlation coefficient corresponding to the tolerance.

[0033] Furthermore, the constraints are as follows:

[0034] (10)

[0035] Among them, T iju and T ijl These represent the upper and lower limits of the corresponding tolerances; T s and T t These are the longitudinal seam tolerance and the transverse seam tolerance, respectively; T su and T sl These are the upper and lower limits of the longitudinal seam tolerance, respectively; T tu and T tl These are the upper and lower limits of the transverse seam tolerance, respectively; T Du and T Dl These are the upper and lower limits of the diagonal tolerance, respectively.

[0036] In a size chain, the formula for calculating the tolerance T using the probability method is:

[0037] (11)

[0038] Where K0 is the relative distribution coefficient, which is taken as 1 when the confidence level is 99.73%; K k is the relative distribution coefficient corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring. When it is a normal distribution, it takes the value of 1; k=1,2,3,...n, where n is the number of dimensions in the dimension chain. T is the transfer coefficient corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring; k This represents the tolerance corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring.

[0039] The tolerance is calculated using the probability method. When the relevant size distribution is normal and the confidence level is 99.73%, T is determined by combining formulas (1)-(7). s T t 、 and T D With T ij Relationship:

[0040] (12)

[0041] Further, step 5 specifically involves:

[0042] Step 5.1: Use a vector encoded with real numbers to fabricate the tolerance T of the wall panel. 11 and T 12 Tolerance T for wall panel embedded parts 21 and T 22 Tolerance T of embedded parts in main structure 31 and T 32 As genes, these genes together make up chromosomes and are represented as :

[0043] (13)

[0044] Step 5.2: Calculate the fitness value for each chromosome using the fitness function (Formula 14); fitness value for:

[0045] (14)

[0046] in, To optimize the function;

[0047] Step 5.3: Use the "roulette wheel" method to select parent chromosomes and place chromosomes with high fitness values ​​into the mating pool;

[0048] Step 5.4: Randomly select two parent chromosomes from the mating pool for crossover, which will be the l-th chromosome T. l and the m-th chromosome T m The two are then linearly interpolated to generate offspring chromosomes; the formula for linear interpolation is:

[0049] (15)

[0050] Where h represents the crossover of the two parent chromosomes at the h-th gene position, and b is a random number generated between 0 and 1;

[0051] Step 5.5: Determine whether the offspring genes meet the constraints. If yes, proceed to step 5.6; otherwise, proceed to step 5.4.

[0052] Step 5.6: Incorporate mutations into the offspring chromosomes;

[0053] Step 5.7: Implement an elite preservation strategy for offspring genes;

[0054] Step 5.8: Merge the crossover, mutation, and retained offspring genes and update the population;

[0055] Step 5.9: Determine if the maximum number of iterations has been reached. If yes, output the optimal tolerance allocation scheme; otherwise, execute step 5.2.

[0056] Furthermore, the mutation process in step 5.6 is as follows:

[0057] The y-th gene on the x-th chromosome was selected for mutation:

[0058] (16)

[0059] in,

[0060] (17)

[0061] In the formula, e is a random number between 0 and 1; d is a random scaling factor; g is the current iteration number; G max T represents the maximum number of evolutions. xy_max and T xy_min They are gene T xy The upper and lower limits.

[0062] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Based on multi-tolerance collaboration, this invention optimizes the tolerance allocation of exterior wall components. The objective function of the tolerance allocation optimization model is to minimize the total sum of comprehensive cost coefficients. By using six tolerances as variables and combining them with an improved genetic algorithm, a tolerance allocation optimization method for exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration is proposed. This invention can consider multi-tolerance collaboration and obtain highly accurate parameters. Combined with the use of an elite strategy, it avoids the problem of local optima in the optimization process. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional analysis system for wall panels in this invention;

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when there is a deviation between the embedded parts of the wall panel and the embedded parts of the main structure in this invention;

[0066] Figure 4 To improve the convergence number graph of the genetic algorithm;

[0067] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the number of iterations converged by the traditional genetic algorithm. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The directional terms such as left, center, right, top, and bottom in the embodiments of the present invention are only relative concepts or referenced to the normal use state of the product, and should not be considered restrictive.

[0069] An optimization method for tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration includes a prefabricated wall, which is assembled from square wall panels arranged in a rectangular array, embedded parts of the wall panels, and embedded parts of the main structure. Figure 1 As shown, the method for optimizing tolerance allocation of exterior wall components includes:

[0070] Step 1: Establish a two-dimensional analysis system for the wall panel, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel includes nine wall panels 1 (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9) arranged in a 3×3 pattern, as well as the embedded parts 11 of the corresponding wall panels 1 and the embedded parts 2 of the main structure.

[0071] Step 2: Based on the synergistic effect of the manufacturing tolerances of exterior wall components, the embedded part tolerances of wall panels, and the embedded part tolerances of the main structure in the horizontal and vertical directions, establish the longitudinal joint dimension chain formula, the transverse joint dimension chain formula, and the diagonal dimension chain formula in the two-dimensional analysis system of wall panels respectively.

[0072] The formula for the longitudinal seam dimension chain is:

[0073] (1)

[0074] (2)

[0075] The formula for the transverse seam dimension chain is:

[0076] (3)

[0077] (4)

[0078] The formula for the diagonal dimension chain is:

[0079] (5)

[0080] (6)

[0081] (7)

[0082] in, , These are the actual values ​​of the left longitudinal joint and the middle longitudinal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These are the design values ​​for the left longitudinal joint and the middle longitudinal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These represent the embedded part deviations of the right and left wall panels corresponding to the longitudinal joint, with positive deviation in the X direction being positive and negative deviation in the X direction being negative. , These represent the deviations of the embedded parts in the main structure of the wall panel on the right and left sides of the corresponding longitudinal joint, with positive deviations in the X direction being positive and negative deviations in the X direction being negative. , To correspond to the width deviation of the wall panels on the right and left sides of the longitudinal joint, a deviation larger than the design value is considered positive, and a deviation smaller than the design value is considered negative;

[0083] , These are the actual values ​​of the lower horizontal joint and the middle horizontal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These are the design values ​​for the lower transverse seam and the middle transverse seam in the two-dimensional analysis system, respectively. , These represent the embedded part deviations of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joint, with positive deviation in the Y direction being positive and negative deviation in the Y direction being negative. , These represent the deviations of the embedded parts in the main structure of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joints, with positive deviations in the Y direction being positive and negative deviations in the Y direction being negative. , To account for the height deviation of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joint, a deviation larger than the design value is considered positive, and a deviation smaller than the design value is considered negative.

[0084] The actual diagonal dimension in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel; , These are the design values ​​for the width of the wall panels on the left and right sides of the corresponding longitudinal joint along the diagonal; , These are the design values ​​for the height of the wall panels on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding horizontal seam along the diagonal; The actual dimensions of the horizontal right-angled side related to the diagonal, i.e., the actual width of the wall panel and the longitudinal joint between the wall panels. sum; The actual dimensions of the vertical right-angled side related to the diagonal, i.e., the actual height of the wall panel and the horizontal joint between the wall panels. sum;

[0085] Step 3: Establish the comprehensive cost coefficient for each tolerance using the negative squared cost model; and construct an optimization function with the objective of minimizing the sum of the comprehensive cost coefficients using the correlation coefficients between tolerances.

[0086] The negative square cost model is the reciprocal of the square of the tolerance;

[0087] Comprehensive cost coefficient for each tolerance for:

[0088] (8)

[0089] Optimization function for:

[0090] (9)

[0091] Among them, T ijFor the corresponding tolerances, i=1, 2, 3 refer to the wall panel manufacturing tolerance, wall panel embedded part tolerance, and main structure embedded part tolerance, respectively; j=1, 2 refer to the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively; k ij The correlation coefficient for the corresponding tolerance (determined based on the actual situation of the enterprise);

[0092] Step 4: Based on the relevant specifications for prefabricated buildings and the actual engineering situation, determine the constraints on the manufacturing tolerances of exterior wall components, the tolerances of embedded parts of wall panels, and the tolerances of embedded parts of the main structure in the horizontal and vertical directions, as well as the constraints on the longitudinal joint dimension chain model and the transverse joint dimension chain model.

[0093] The constraints are:

[0094] (10)

[0095] Among them, T iju and T ijl These represent the upper and lower limits of the corresponding tolerances; T s and T t These are the longitudinal seam tolerances (i.e., T). 11 T 21 and T 31 ) and transverse seam tolerance (i.e., T) 12 T 22 and T 32 ); T su and T sl These are the upper and lower limits of the longitudinal seam tolerance, respectively; T tu and T tl These are the upper and lower limits of the transverse seam tolerance, respectively; T Du and T Dl These are the upper and lower limits of the diagonal tolerance, respectively.

[0096] In a size chain, the formula for calculating the tolerance T using the probability method is:

[0097] (11)

[0098] Where K0 is the relative distribution coefficient, which is taken as 1 when the confidence level is 99.73%; K k is the relative distribution coefficient corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring. When it is a normal distribution, it takes the value of 1; k=1,2,3,...n, where n is the number of dimensions in the dimension chain. T is the transfer coefficient corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring; k This represents the tolerance corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring.

[0099] The tolerance is calculated using the probability method (Equation 11), where K kThe value of T is related to the statistical distribution of the actual size. When it is a normal distribution, the value is 1. The value of K0 is related to the confidence level. The confidence level is generally 90.00%~99.73%, and the value range is 1.82~1. 99.73% confidence level is often selected, corresponding to a K0 value of 1. When the relevant size distribution is a normal distribution and the confidence level is 99.73%, T is determined by combining formulas (1)-(7). s T t 、 and T D With T ij Relationship:

[0100] (12)

[0101] Step 5: Combine an improved genetic algorithm incorporating an elite strategy to iteratively derive the optimal tolerance allocation scheme that satisfies the constraints; specifically:

[0102] Step 5.1: Use a real-number encoded vector to define the wall panel manufacturing tolerance (T). 11 T 12 Tolerances of wall panel embedded parts (T) 21 T 22 ), tolerances of embedded parts in the main structure (T) 31 T 32 As genes, these genes together make up chromosomes and are represented as... :

[0103] (13)

[0104] Step 5.2: Calculate the fitness value for each chromosome using the fitness function (Formula 14); fitness value for:

[0105] (14)

[0106] in, To optimize the function;

[0107] Step 5.3: Use the "roulette wheel" method to select parent chromosomes and place chromosomes with high fitness values ​​into the mating pool;

[0108] Step 5.4: Randomly select two parent chromosomes from the mating pool for crossover, which will be the l-th chromosome T. l and the m-th chromosome T m The two are then linearly interpolated to generate offspring chromosomes; the formula for linear interpolation is:

[0109] (15)

[0110] Where h represents the crossover of the two parent chromosomes at the h-th gene position, and b is a random number generated between 0 and 1;

[0111] Step 5.5: Determine whether the offspring genes meet the constraints. If yes, proceed to step 5.6; otherwise, proceed to step 5.4.

[0112] Step 5.6: Induce mutations in the offspring chromosomes; the mutation process is as follows:

[0113] The y-th gene on the x-th chromosome was selected for mutation:

[0114] (16)

[0115] in,

[0116] (17)

[0117] In the formula, e is a random number between 0 and 1; d is a random scaling factor; g is the current iteration number; G max T represents the maximum number of evolutions. xy_max and T xy_min They are gene T xy The upper and lower limits;

[0118] Step 5.7: Implement an elite preservation strategy for offspring genes;

[0119] Step 5.8: Merge the crossover, mutation, and retained offspring genes and update the population;

[0120] Step 5.9: Determine if the maximum number of iterations has been reached. If yes, output the optimal tolerance allocation scheme; otherwise, proceed to step 5.2.

[0121] Step 6: Obtain the optimal manufacturing tolerance for exterior wall components from the optimal tolerance allocation scheme;

[0122] Step 7: Based on the relationship between the optimal manufacturing tolerance of the exterior wall components and the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panels, obtain the dimensions of the longitudinal joints, transverse joints, and diagonals respectively.

[0123] This invention determines the value range of six tolerance variables and the value range of the dimension chain based on a two-dimensional analysis system, multi-tolerance collaboration, a two-dimensional dimension chain model, an improved genetic algorithm including an elite strategy, and the actual situation of the enterprise. The following is an example of a multi-functional integrated composite exterior wall panel of a construction company.

[0124] The actual measurement data, process difficulty, cost, and worker skill level during wall panel fabrication and installation were analyzed to determine k. ij Correlation coefficients:

[0125]

[0126] Determine T 11 T 12 T 21 T 22 T 31 and T 32 The range of variable values ​​and the range of dimension chain values ​​are as follows:

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] The population size is set to 50, the crossover probability is 0.8, the mutation probability is 0.01, the number of iterations is 200, and the elite ratio is 10% (5 individuals).

[0130] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The parameter iteration processes of the improved genetic algorithm and the traditional genetic algorithm are shown respectively. It can be seen that the proposed optimization method achieves good results with fewer search iterations and has high convergence efficiency. Under the same number of iterations, the objective function value of the improved genetic algorithm is significantly reduced to 1.0425, compared to 1.1746 of the traditional genetic algorithm, resulting in a reduction of 11.25% in the overall cost coefficient. This result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed tolerance allocation optimization method.

[0131] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration, characterized in that: This includes prefabricated walls, which are assembled from square wall panels arranged in a rectangular array, embedded parts for the wall panels, and embedded parts for the main structure. The optimization method for tolerance allocation of exterior wall components includes: Step 1: Establish a two-dimensional analysis system for wall panels; Step 2: Based on the synergistic effect of the manufacturing tolerances of exterior wall components, the embedded part tolerances of wall panels, and the embedded part tolerances of the main structure in the horizontal and vertical directions, establish the longitudinal joint dimension chain formula, the transverse joint dimension chain formula, and the diagonal dimension chain formula in the two-dimensional analysis system of wall panels respectively. Step 3: Establish the comprehensive cost coefficient for each tolerance using the negative squared cost model; and construct an optimization function with the objective of minimizing the sum of the comprehensive cost coefficients using the correlation coefficients between tolerances. Step 4: Determine the constraints of the external wall component manufacturing tolerances, wall panel embedded part tolerances, and main structure embedded part tolerances in the horizontal and vertical directions, as well as the constraints of the longitudinal joint dimension chain model and the transverse joint dimension chain model. Step 5: Combine an improved genetic algorithm incorporating an elite strategy to iteratively derive the optimal tolerance allocation scheme that satisfies the constraints; Step 6: Obtain the optimal manufacturing tolerance for exterior wall components from the optimal tolerance allocation scheme; Step 7: Based on the relationship between the optimal manufacturing tolerance of the exterior wall components and the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panels, obtain the dimensions of the longitudinal joints, transverse joints, and diagonals respectively.

2. The method for optimizing tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-dimensional analysis system for the wall panels includes nine wall panels arranged in a 3×3 grid, as well as the corresponding embedded parts for the wall panels and the embedded parts for the main structure.

3. The method for optimizing tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, The formula for the longitudinal seam dimension chain is: （1）； （2）； The formula for the transverse seam dimension chain is: （3）； （4）； The formula for the diagonal dimension chain is: （5）； （6）； （7）； in, , These are the actual values ​​of the left longitudinal joint and the middle longitudinal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These are the design values ​​for the left longitudinal joint and the middle longitudinal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These represent the embedded part deviations of the right and left wall panels corresponding to the longitudinal joint, with positive deviation in the X direction being positive and negative deviation in the X direction being negative. , These represent the deviations of the embedded parts in the main structure of the wall panel on the right and left sides of the corresponding longitudinal joint, with positive deviations in the X direction being positive and negative deviations in the X direction being negative. , To correspond to the width deviation of the wall panels on the right and left sides of the longitudinal joint, a deviation larger than the design value is considered positive, and a deviation smaller than the design value is considered negative; , These are the actual values ​​of the lower horizontal joint and the middle horizontal joint in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel, respectively. , These are the design values ​​for the lower transverse seam and the middle transverse seam in the two-dimensional analysis system, respectively. , These represent the embedded part deviations of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joint, with positive deviation in the Y direction being positive and negative deviation in the Y direction being negative. , These represent the deviations of the embedded parts in the main structure of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joints, with positive deviations in the Y direction being positive and negative deviations in the Y direction being negative. , To account for the height deviation of the upper and lower wall panels corresponding to the horizontal joint, a deviation larger than the design value is considered positive, and a deviation smaller than the design value is considered negative. The actual diagonal dimension in the two-dimensional analysis system of the wall panel; , These are the design values ​​for the width of the wall panels on the left and right sides of the corresponding longitudinal joint along the diagonal; , These are the design values ​​for the height of the wall panels on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding horizontal seam along the diagonal; The actual dimensions of the horizontal right-angled side related to the diagonal, i.e., the actual width of the wall panel and the longitudinal joint between the wall panels. sum; The actual dimensions of the vertical right-angled side related to the diagonal, i.e., the actual height of the wall panel and the horizontal joint between the wall panels. sum.

4. The method for optimizing tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative square cost model is the reciprocal of the square of the tolerance; Comprehensive cost coefficient for each tolerance for: （8）； Optimization function for: （9）； Among them, T ij For the corresponding tolerances, i=1, 2, 3 refer to the wall panel manufacturing tolerance, wall panel embedded part tolerance, and main structure embedded part tolerance, respectively; j=1, 2 refer to the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively; k ij This is the correlation coefficient corresponding to the tolerance.

5. The method for optimizing tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The constraints are: （10）； Among them, T iju and T ijl These represent the upper and lower limits of the corresponding tolerances; T s and T t These are the longitudinal seam tolerance and the transverse seam tolerance, respectively; T su and T sl These are the upper and lower limits of the longitudinal seam tolerance, respectively; T tu and T tl These are the upper and lower limits of the transverse seam tolerance, respectively; T Du and T Dl These are the upper and lower limits of the diagonal tolerance, respectively. In a size chain, the formula for calculating the tolerance T using the probability method is: （11）； Where K0 is the relative distribution coefficient, which is taken as 1 when the confidence level is 99.73%; K k is the relative distribution coefficient corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring. When it is a normal distribution, it takes the value of 1; k=1,2,3,...n, where n is the number of dimensions in the dimension chain. T is the transfer coefficient corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring; k This represents the tolerance corresponding to the k-th dimension in the ring. The tolerance is calculated using the probability method. When the relevant size distribution is normal and the confidence level is 99.73%, T is determined by combining formulas (1)-(7). s T t 、 and T D With T ij Relationship: （12） 6. The method for optimizing tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 5 specifically involves: Step 5.1: Use a vector encoded with real numbers to fabricate the tolerance T of the wall panel. 11 and T 12 Tolerance T for wall panel embedded parts 21 and T 22 Tolerance T of embedded parts in main structure 31 and T 32 As genes, these genes together make up chromosomes and are represented as : （13）； Step 5.2: Calculate the fitness value for each chromosome using the fitness function; fitness value for: （14）； in, To optimize the function; Step 5.3: Use the "roulette wheel" method to select parent chromosomes and place chromosomes with high fitness values ​​into the mating pool; Step 5.4: Randomly select two parent chromosomes from the mating pool for crossover, which will be the l-th chromosome T. l and the m-th chromosome T m The two are then linearly interpolated to generate offspring chromosomes; the formula for linear interpolation is: （15）； Where h represents the crossover of the two parent chromosomes at the h-th gene position, and b is a random number generated between 0 and 1; Step 5.5: Determine whether the offspring genes meet the constraints. If yes, proceed to step 5.6; otherwise, proceed to step 5.

4. Step 5.6: Incorporate mutations into the offspring chromosomes; Step 5.7: Implement an elite preservation strategy for offspring genes; Step 5.8: Merge the crossover, mutation, and retained offspring genes and update the population; Step 5.9: Determine if the maximum number of iterations has been reached. If yes, output the optimal tolerance allocation scheme; otherwise, execute step 5.

2.

7. The method for optimizing tolerance allocation of exterior wall components based on multi-tolerance collaboration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mutation process in step 5.6 is as follows: The y-th gene on the x-th chromosome was selected for mutation: （16）； in, （17）； In the formula, e is a random number between 0 and 1; d is a random scaling factor; g is the current iteration number; G max T represents the maximum number of evolutions. xy_max and T xy_min They are gene T xy The upper and lower limits.

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