Ceramic module ferrule series connection surge cut-off method and surge protector thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic module ferrule series connection surge cut-off method and a surge protector thereof, and belongs to the technical field of surge protection.The method includes the steps that a surge protection loop formed by connecting a plurality of ceramic module ferrule units in series is constructed, and a surge absorption assembly and a thermal tripping assembly are arranged in each ferrule unit; when a surge event occurs, a nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor and a longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance abrupt change rate of a surge absorption assembly in each insertion core unit are detected, whether a set cut-off threshold is reached or not is judged according to the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance abrupt change rate, and a thermal tripping action is triggered to realize module-level circuit breaking; the position and response time of the cut-off event are recorded to the memory guide layer in a coding mode for subsequent non-contact scanning identification; after the system is recovered, the cut-off arm can be automatically reset through an external excitation mode to recover the conducting state; according to the invention, multiple technical effects of accurate surge response, event traceability and module reusability are realized, and the method is suitable for surge protection in high-density electronic equipment and an intelligent power system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of surge protection, in particular to a ceramic module plug-in core series surge cut-off method and a surge protector thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional surge protection devices usually adopt a parallel structure to absorb surge energy through a pressure-sensitive resistor or a gas discharge tube. However, under high-frequency surge impact, such structure has problems such as fast heat accumulation, fast device aging, and low protection accuracy, especially in a series multi-module arrangement, if a certain stage is damaged and not timely disconnected, it is easy to cause the whole group protection to fail.

[0003] Although the prior art also proposes a series cut-off method, it generally relies on passive elements such as fuses and thermal cutouts, and the response time depends on the thermal inertia of the device itself, which is difficult to adapt to the nanosecond-level surge response requirement. In addition, most of the prior art cannot realize the position memory disconnection or state tracking cut-off logic between modules, resulting in difficult system maintenance and high misjudgment rate.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a series surge cut-off method with dynamic state memory capability, which can build a recoverable separation path inside the ceramic module, without relying on external electrical control systems, but integrating surge response judgment, action triggering, and module disconnection functions in the structure itself, to solve the problems of slow response, unadjustable structure, and non-resetting in the prior art, and to improve the accuracy and reliability of multi-stage surge protection. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a ceramic module plug-in core series surge cut-off method and a surge protector thereof to solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a ceramic module plug-in core series surge cut-off method, comprising: a surge protection circuit composed of a plurality of ceramic module plug-in core units in series, wherein each ceramic module plug-in core unit contains a surge absorption component and a thermal trip component; detecting the nonlinear capacitive resistance migration factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate of the surge absorption component in each ceramic module plug-in core unit when a surge event occurs, and determining whether the set cut-off threshold is reached; encoding and recording the position and response time of the cut-off event to the memory guide layer in the ceramic module for automatic diagnosis, position tracking, and local module replacement; After the system is restored, the cut-off arm with automatic reset function can be triggered externally to realize conduction recovery under no surge state.

[0007] Preferably, the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor is defined as follows: the instantaneous voltage V(t) and current I(t) across a module are measured using a high-frequency sampler; a series of discrete time points are obtained. In the formula, This represents the voltage at the i-th sampling point; This represents the current at the i-th sampling point; Indicate the sampling time; calculate the equivalent capacitive impedance sequence. The basic relationship of using capacitors: The voltage change rate was calculated using the numerical differentiation method. The expression is: Substituting, we get: ; Calculate the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor NCD-F, and define the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor as the derivative of the capacitive reactance with respect to time.

[0008] Preferably, the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance abrupt change rate is defined as: the complex impedance of the ferrule module along the current axis path. The rate of change in a very short time The expression is: .

[0009] Preferably, the nonlinear capacitive transfer factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate are converted into a comprehensive feature vector. The comprehensive feature vector is used as the input of the machine learning model. The machine learning model uses the predicted value label of the surge boundary instability for each set of comprehensive feature vectors as the prediction objective and minimizes the sum of the prediction errors for all surge boundary instability prediction value labels as the training objective. The machine learning model is trained until the sum of prediction errors converges and the model training stops. The predicted value of surge boundary instability is determined based on the model output. The machine learning model is a multinomial regression model.

[0010] Preferably, the obtained surge boundary instability prediction value is compared with a preset threshold. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the ferrule unit is determined to be in a surge runaway edge state. The TTU thermal trip assembly is immediately activated to perform a module-level cut-off operation, and the break point location is synchronously recorded in the module identification code for subsequent inspection and replacement. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is less than the preset threshold, no adjustment is required.

[0011] Preferably, the step of encoding and recording the location and response time of the cut-off event into the memory guidance layer within the ceramic module specifically involves: While the thermal trip assembly triggers the cut-off action, the drive response detection circuit collects the position code and trigger timestamp of the current ferrule unit. The cut-off state signal is converted into a two-bit pulse-coded signal and injected into the memory guidance layer through a coupled piezoelectric channel; The memory guide layer adopts a ceramic layer structure with ferroelectric hysteresis characteristics, and the physical writing of event information is realized by controllable change of local polarization orientation; In the system inspection stage, the polarization state is identified by non-contact electric field scanning, so as to decode the information of the cut-off position and response time.

[0012] Preferably, the automatic diagnosis, position tracking and local module replacement include: The system control unit periodically activates the non-contact electric field scanning array, reads the polarization state of the memory guide layer in each ceramic module ferrule unit, and obtains the circuit breaking event marker information; The polarization data is matched with the module address index matrix, and the specific module position and trigger time of the surge cut-off event are reconstructed; Maintenance prompt instructions are generated according to the cut-off position, and photoelectric tags or graphical interfaces are used to indicate the modules that need to be replaced; After replacement is completed, the marker is confirmed to be cleared or reset by rescan.

[0013] The application also provides a surge protector, characterized by: having a ceramic module ferrule.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the application provides technical effects and advantages: 1、The application realizes the feedforward identification of the surge instability boundary state by introducing a nonlinear capacitance resistance migration factor and a longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate double parameter joint judgment mechanism, compared with the existing passive response scheme based on voltage and current, can capture the surge trend in advance and accurately locate the single module cut-off time, effectively improve the surge response speed and circuit breaking accuracy, reduce the risk of misoperation and protection lag, especially suitable for modular surge protection system in high-speed and large surge impact scene.

[0015] 2、The application further combines the memory guide layer event polarization record, non-contact polarization scanning identification and controllable conduction reset structure, and constructs a complete module level intelligent diagnosis, state tracking and automatic maintenance system. The system not only realizes the traceability of the cut-off event and the closed-loop management of the maintenance process, but also greatly improves the reusability of the protection device and the system operation efficiency through the external excitation reset mechanism of the shape memory elastic cut-off arm, and is suitable for communication, power, rail transportation and other application scenes with high requirements for reliability and maintenance efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 The method flowchart of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] Embodiment 1, please refer to Figure 1 The surge cut-off method of the ceramic module plug-in core described in this embodiment includes: A surge protection circuit composed of a plurality of ceramic module plug-in core units in series is constructed, wherein each ceramic module plug-in core unit contains a surge absorption component and a thermal trip component; When a surge event occurs, the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate of the surge absorption component in each ceramic module plug-in core unit are detected to determine whether the set cut-off threshold is reached; The position and response time of the cut-off event are encoded and recorded to the memory guide layer in the ceramic module for automatic diagnosis, position tracking and local module replacement; After the system recovers, the cut-off arm with automatic reset function can be triggered externally to realize conduction recovery under no surge state.

[0020] This embodiment discloses a series surge protection circuit constructed based on a plurality of ceramic module plug-in core units, which is applied to a surge protection system of a communication base station outdoor power supply inlet. The system operates in a typical lightning-prone area, and has high requirements for surge response time, local maintainability and multi-level redundant protection.

[0021] The surge protection system of this embodiment is composed of a surge input terminal P_in, a surge output terminal P_out, and a plurality of series ceramic module plug-in core units M1-M n (n≥3). Each ceramic module plug-in core unit (hereinafter referred to as "plug-in core unit") has the same structure, and n is the total number of ceramic module plug-in core units; Mainly includes the following components: Surge absorption component, multilayer pressure-sensitive ceramic body with ZnO material, voltage level 420 V (nominal value), absorption capacity ≥ 2.5 kA (8 / 20 μs surge waveform).

[0022] Thermal trip component includes alloy bimetallic strip, shape memory spring and low melting point welding break point, trigger temperature 135°C ± 5°C, response time < 5 ms.

[0023] Piezoelectric response layer is embedded between SAU and TTU, material is PLZT (lead lanthanum zirconium titanium ceramic), used for sensing the mechanical effect of sudden voltage and guiding TTU to trip in advance.

[0024] Each plug-in core module is connected with busbar through male pin and is provided with micro circuit breaker marking window for later inspection and confirmation.

[0025] All plug-in core units are installed in series in a high insulation strength ceramic substrate, the substrate is provided with uniform groove, facilitating the unit to maintain complete structure after thermal expansion and cold contraction. The current path in the series circuit is: P_in → M1 → M2→... → M n → P_out; the entire series network shell adopts flame-retardant polycarbonate box, with protection level reaching IP65, suitable for outdoor installation.

[0026] In normal operation, the SAU in the plug-in core unit is in high resistance state, without affecting the normal power supply voltage; when surge voltage occurs, the pressure-sensitive ceramic breaks down quickly and conducts, discharging the surge current to the ground. If the surge energy exceeds the rated bearing value of a single module, the temperature rise speed of the SAU increases rapidly, and the TTU starts and cuts off the module circuit.

[0027] At the same time, through the mechanical stress response of the piezoelectric response layer to the surge, the rapid rising trend of the voltage can be identified in advance, assisting the TTU to activate in advance and improving the response speed.

[0028] Table 1 Key parameter setting Parameter name Value (unit) Description Number of plug-in core units (n) 5 Provides 5-level redundancy protection Nominal voltage of SAU 420 V Corresponds to 220 V AC input protection Maximum absorption current of SAU 2.5 kA 8 / 20 μs single surge TTU tripping temperature 135 °C ± 5 °C According to the thermal response of the material TTU tripping time <5 ms Fast isolation failure module Total response time of plug-in core ≤ 15 ms Including detection and cut-off Rated voltage of system AC 220 V Communication base station power supply standard For example, in a communication tower station of a certain province in the south, the surge response effect of the protection system on a typical thunderstorm day is tested. The measured data is as follows: Daily average surge trigger frequency: 18 times; The plug-in core module M3 responds in the 7th trigger, and the TTU automatically cuts off, and the system operates normally The subsequent manual replacement of M3 is less than 3 minutes; The test results show that the series module structure can realize hierarchical action, realize module level protection isolation without interrupting the system operation, and has good replaceability and maintainability.

[0029] The embodiment aims at the problems of response delay, judgment lag, fault mis-triggering rate and the like existing in the existing surge protection system, and provides a feature judgment mechanism, that is, by detecting a nonlinear capacitance displacement factor (NCD-F) and a longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate (ACIM-R) of a surge absorption component in each ceramic module plug core unit in real time, high-precision identification of a surge instability boundary state is realized, and a thermal trip action is triggered in time.

[0030] The system adopts a series surge protection circuit constructed by a plurality of ceramic module plug core units (M1-M n ), each plug core unit comprising the following core structure: A surge absorption component (SAU) : ZnO pressure-sensitive ceramic elements are adopted, which have nonlinear capacitance behavior and are key elements for detecting the nonlinear capacitance displacement factor in the embodiment.

[0031] A thermal trip component (TTU) : composed of a memory alloy reset spring and a micro-fusion connecting bridge, the delay control is cut off to 3-5 ms.

[0032] A parameter acquisition and judgment module: embedded in the plug core body, comprising the following two parts of sub-circuits: A capacitance displacement analysis circuit; A coupling impedance mutation detection circuit.

[0033] An auxiliary response layer: arranged at the contact interface of the module and the busbar, used for accurately measuring the impedance behavior of the longitudinal coupling path.

[0034] Nonlinear capacitance displacement factor (NCD-F) definition: the instantaneous voltage V(t) and current I(t) of a module are measured by a high-frequency (such as ≥1 MHz) sampler; A series of discrete time data points are obtained ; in the formula, represents the voltage of the i-th sampling point; represents the current of the i-th sampling point; represents the sampling time; the equivalent capacitance sequence is calculated, and the basic relationship of capacitance is used: ; the voltage change rate is calculated by using the numerical differentiation method (such as central difference), and the expression is: ; and the following is obtained: ; the nonlinear capacitance displacement factor NCD-F is calculated, and the nonlinear capacitance displacement factor is defined as the derivative of the capacitance to time: ; Detection principle: the CDD circuit applies a high-frequency disturbance (typical value 1 MHz~5 MHz) and measures the capacitance response change of the two ends of the SAU, based on the nonlinear capacitance effect of the pressure-sensitive ceramic in the surge field, the sudden change indicates that the module enters the "unstable surge front".

[0035] ACIM-R: Rate of longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation Mutation amplitude rate in very short time , the expression is: ; Detection principle: AMD circuit continuously samples the voltage and current before and after the module, calculates the complex impedance mutation value, and judges whether the structural current path appears sharp "cracking" or "dielectric breakdown" signs due to surge impact.

[0036] When a surge event occurs, the MJM module will simultaneously start the CDD and AMD submodules for high-frequency sampling. If the monitoring results meet the following joint determination conditions: The nonlinear capacitance migration factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate are converted into a comprehensive feature vector, the comprehensive feature vector is taken as the input of a machine learning model, the machine learning model takes the surge boundary instability prediction value label predicted by each group of comprehensive feature vectors as the prediction target, the sum of the prediction errors of all surge boundary instability prediction value labels is minimized as the training target, and the machine learning model is trained until the sum of the prediction errors converges. Stop model training, determine the surge boundary instability prediction value according to the model output result, wherein the machine learning model is a polynomial regression model.

[0037] The obtained surge boundary instability prediction value is compared with the preset threshold value, if the surge boundary instability prediction value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, it is determined that the plug-in core unit is in a surge out-of-control edge state, the TTU thermal trip assembly is immediately started, the module level cutting operation is implemented, and the breakpoint position is recorded in the module identification code for subsequent inspection and replacement. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is less than the preset threshold value, no adjustment is needed.

[0038] The embodiment provides a ceramic module memory guide layer structure and control method for recording the cutting event position and response time. The scheme realizes passive, embedded and non-volatile data recording mode through the cooperation of the thermal trip linkage coding circuit, the piezoelectric channel injection path and the ferroelectric polarization layer, which is used for automatic diagnosis, position tracking and module level maintenance in the later stage.

[0039] The embodiment is based on a ceramic module plug-in core unit, which contains a surge absorption assembly (SAU) and a thermal trip assembly (TTU) in addition to the following modules: Response detection circuit (RDM): used to collect module code address and system time base information at the moment of thermal trip action.

[0040] Dual-bit pulse encoder (DPC): encodes the circuit breaking event as a two-dimensional pulse signal with time sequence and position information dual-dimension structure.

[0041] Coupling PEC: A set of micro piezoelectric channels connected to the memory guide layer, used to inject high-frequency coded pulses under transient conditions.

[0042] Memory Guide Layer (MGL): Composed of ceramic materials with ferroelectric hysteresis characteristics, such as BiFeO3, PZT, etc., embedded below the module base, whose polarization direction can be written by external electric field, serving as event storage unit.

[0043] Polarization State Decoding Component (EDR): Located on the module cover, it is a non-contact electric field scanning electrode array used to interpret the polarization state of the module during system operation and maintenance.

[0044] In this embodiment, the recording process is divided into four steps, as follows: Step 1: When the surge absorption component in the plug core module triggers the thermal trip component action (TTU opens) due to surge overload and temperature rise, the response detection circuit (RDM) in the module immediately starts. This circuit, through the built-in position encoding register and synchronous system clock signal, latches the unique address of the current module (such as 5-bit encoding) and the relative time stamp (such as 16-bit synchronous timer output) within 0.5ms. This information forms the event encoding data packet E = {Ai, Tj}, where Ai is the module address (position encoding), and Tj is the relative system time stamp (response time). This process is self-triggered, relying on the electric field disturbance in the thermal trip transient to wake up the trigger.

[0045] Step 2: The event encoding data EEE is input into the dual-bit pulse encoder (DPC) and converted into a dual-channel high-frequency pulse pair (e.g. 10μs pulse width, 100 kHz modulation), with channel one corresponding to the position encoding and channel two corresponding to the time stamp.

[0046] Subsequently, the pulse signal is applied to the memory guide layer at the bottom of the module through the coupling PEC channel. The PEC channel is a set of embedded thin film piezoelectric bridges with one-way voltage focusing capability, ensuring that energy is concentrated and injected into the corresponding ferroelectric area, completing the polarization orientation writing.

[0047] The injection voltage is ±30V, and the application time is less than 1ms, which can ensure that the polarization direction is deflected and not rebounded, forming a non-volatile polarization record bit.

[0048] Step 3: The material used in the memory guide layer has typical ferroelectric hysteresis characteristics, such as PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) or BiFeO3, whose polarization direction can be stably oriented under the action of external electric field, forming two identifiable states of "+P" or "-P".

[0049] In this embodiment, the entire guide layer is divided into a 2×N unit matrix, where: The first dimension encoding position Ai (as row 3); The second dimension encoding time period Tj (as column 6).

[0050] Each unit block is only one polarized writing at the event occurrence, forming a traceable recording point, and the theory supports 2 5 ×2 6 = 2048 event addresses.

[0051] Step four: in the system maintenance phase, the maintenance equipment activates the top contact surface of the module through an external non-contact electric field scanning array (EDR), which detects the polarization distribution in the guide layer point by point based on field-induced reading technology (such as Scanning Kelvin Probe).

[0052] Combined with the coordinates of the matrix polarization unit that are only in a stable deflection state, the location and time period of the recorded outage event can be obtained and displayed synchronously on the system diagnosis interface, realizing rapid positioning and module replacement.

[0053] This embodiment relies on the polarization state data recorded by the memory guide layer integrated in the aforementioned module, and through the system control unit driving the non-contact electric field scanning array, it realizes automatic identification and position analysis of the faulty module, and combined with the graphical interface prompt for maintenance guidance, greatly improves the intelligence and maintainability of the surge protection device at the system level.

[0054] During system operation, the SCU activates the ESA scanning array once every 24 hours for non-contact reading of all ceramic module ferrule units. The ESA uses a scanning Kelvin probe array (such as 4×n sensor heads), and its working principle is based on the sensing signal of the polarization potential distribution on the surface of the material.

[0055] During the reading process, the memory guide layer of each module ferrule unit will exhibit a fixed polarization displacement after surge cut-off, generating a stable surface electric field anomaly, which is collected by the ESA as voltage offset data (ΔV_p). Its typical value is in the range of 0.3-0.6V, which is significantly higher than that of normal modules (<0.05V).

[0056] The SCU compares the polarization data collected by each ESA probe with the preset address index matrix AIM, and reconstructs the module index list that has been polarized in the current system.

[0057] For example: AIM mapping: the module M7 corresponding to row 3, column 2; ΔV_p>0.3 V, judging M7 as a cut-off module; The time stamp field T_j in the early-stage encoded data is acquired synchronously, and can be combined into a complete event data packet: F={M7, Tj=186205μs}. In this way, the system realizes accurate positioning of the circuit breaking module and restoration of the event time.

[0058] Once the specific failed module is located, the SCU automatically generates maintenance instructions and informs the operation and maintenance personnel in the following two ways: Graphical interface prompt: If the system is equipped with an embedded screen or host computer interface, the MIU module will highlight the failed module number, location, and shutdown time on the graphical interface; Photoelectric tag lighting: If a status tag (LED / variable color film, etc.) is pre-installed above the module, the SCU can activate the corresponding tag to indicate that the module needs to be replaced, facilitating quick searching without tools.

[0059] In addition, the system can synchronously send this information to the remote maintenance platform to realize automatic work order distribution of operation and maintenance.

[0060] After completing the module replacement, the SCU activates the ESA again to perform a polarization state rescan on the original marked position. If the potential difference ΔV_p in the scanning area decreases to the background noise level (e.g., ≤0.05 V), it is determined that the module has been reset or replaced, and the system records the maintenance completion status. This process can be initiated manually or automatically to ensure maintenance closure and prevent missed detection or misjudgment.

[0061] To solve the problem that traditional surge protection modules cannot automatically recover after shutdown, need to be replaced as a whole, and have a long maintenance period, the embodiment proposes a shutdown arm structure with an automatic reset function. Under a system recovery and non-surge environment, the structure can be excited to realize conduction recovery through an external trigger signal, restore the original circuit path, and meet the requirements of module reuse and rapid maintenance.

[0062] Based on the ceramic module plug-in core unit described in the main claim, the embodiment introduces an intelligent reset type shutdown arm. The shutdown arm assembly mainly consists of the following parts: Thermal trip driving unit (TTU): responds to surge energy overload to realize module-level circuit breaking; Shape memory elastic bridge plate (SMA Bridge Plate): made of NiTi-based shape memory alloy material, with the ability to restore deformation by heating response; Electromagnetic induction trigger unit: arranged outside the module, generates a heat field through a low-frequency electromagnetic signal to excite the internal inductive circuit; Conduction positioning structure: used to accurately join the original contact point after the elastic sheet is reset to ensure electrical continuity; State locking identification layer: located on the surface of the module, can display the current shutdown arm state (open / displaced).

[0063] The above structure is compactly integrated in the ceramic module plug core unit, and the external size is unchanged.

[0064] The cut-off arm assembly with automatic reset function completes the recovery of conduction after the surge event is removed through the following steps: Step one: after the surge event occurs and triggers the action of the thermal trip assembly, the cut-off arm quickly leaves the contact position to form an open circuit, and the SAU (surge absorption assembly) is isolated from the loop. At this time, the shape memory elastic bridge piece deforms plastically due to the release of heat energy, and remains in the open state. The module enters the "trip standby reset" state.

[0065] Step two: after the system control mainboard or external maintenance terminal confirms that there is no subsequent surge risk, a low-frequency control signal (such as 15 kHz-25 kHz) is sent to the module external electromagnetic induction trigger (EITU). The signal is inductively received by the secondary coil inside the module, and the SMA Bridge Plate is heated for a short time (typical temperature rise of about 25-35°C), activating the shape memory recovery mechanism.

[0066] Step three: within 200-500 ms after heating, the SMA Bridge Plate returns to its original shape, pushing the conduction positioning structure to automatically reconnect to the original contact point. The reset process is guided by a micro mechanical limiter, ensuring that the metal arm is accurately fitted without generating micro gaps, and achieving the recovery of electrical continuity.

[0067] Step four: after the conduction positioning structure is connected, the color area of the state locking identification layer (SLI) changes from "red" to "green", indicating that the module cut-off arm has been reset. This structure is composed of a thermochromic composite film, which shares a heat sensing area with the SMA heat conduction path, achieving passive visual feedback function.

[0068] Embodiment 2, the present application also provides a surge protector with a ceramic module plug core.

[0069] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of series surge cut-off for ceramic module ferrule, characterized by: The application relates to a surge protection circuit composed of a plurality of ceramic module plug-in core units in series, wherein each ceramic module plug-in core unit contains a surge absorption component and a thermal trip component. When a surge event occurs, the nonlinear capacitance migration factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate of the surge absorption component in each ceramic module plug-in core unit are detected to determine whether a set-off threshold is reached. The position and response time of the set-off event are encoded and recorded in a memory guide layer in the ceramic module for automatic diagnosis, position tracking and local module replacement. After the system recovers, the set-off arm with the automatic reset function can be triggered externally to realize conduction recovery under the non-surge state. The nonlinear capacitance migration factor is defined as follows: the instantaneous voltage V(t) and current I(t) of a module are measured by a high-frequency sampler; a series of discrete time data points are obtained 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: The nonlinear capacitance migration factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate are converted into a comprehensive feature vector, the comprehensive feature vector is taken as the input of a machine learning model, the machine learning model takes the surge boundary instability prediction value label predicted by each group of comprehensive feature vectors as a prediction target, minimizes the sum of prediction errors of all surge boundary instability prediction value labels as a training target, and trains the machine learning model until the sum of prediction errors converges, and then the model training is stopped, and the surge boundary instability prediction value is determined according to the model output result. ; where, represents the voltage at the i-th sampling point; represents the current at the i-th sampling point; represents the sampling time; calculate the equivalent capacitive reactance sequence , using the capacitive basic relationship: ; The voltage change rate is calculated using a numerical differentiation method , the expression is: ; by putting in: ; the nonlinear capacitance migration factor NCD-F is calculated, and the nonlinear capacitance migration factor is defined as the derivative of capacitance with respect to time.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: Longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance abruptness definition: complex impedance of the ferrule module along the current axis path Abruptness of the magnitude of the mutation in a very short time , the expression is: .

4. The method of claim 3, wherein: The obtained surge boundary instability prediction value is compared with a preset threshold value, if the surge boundary instability prediction value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, it is determined that the plug-in core unit is in a surge out-of-control edge state, the TTU thermal trip component is immediately started, module-level set-off operation is implemented, and the breakpoint position is recorded in the module identification code for subsequent inspection and replacement; if the surge boundary instability prediction value is less than the preset threshold value, no adjustment is needed.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: The memory guide layer in the ceramic module is specifically:

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: When the thermal trip component triggers the set-off action, a response detection circuit is driven to collect the position code and trigger time stamp of the current plug-in core unit; The set-off state signal is converted into a two-bit pulse encoding signal and is injected into the memory guide layer through a coupled piezoelectric channel; The memory guide layer adopts a ceramic layer structure with ferroelectric hysteresis characteristics, and the controllable change of local polarization orientation is used to realize physical writing of event information; In the system inspection stage, the polarization state is identified through non-contact electric field scanning, so that the set-off position and response time information are obtained. The automatic diagnosis, position tracking and local module replacement include:

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: A system control unit periodically activates a non-contact electric field scanning array to read the polarization state of the memory guide layer in each ceramic module plug-in core unit and obtain the circuit breaking event marking information; The polarization data are matched with a module address index matrix to reconstruct the specific module position and trigger time of the surge set-off event; Maintenance prompt instructions are generated according to the set-off position, and photoelectric labels or graphical interfaces are used to indicate the modules that need to be replaced; After replacement is completed, the mark is cleared or reset through re-scanning. The ceramic module plug-in core has the advantages of high reliability, long service life, small size, low cost, easy installation and maintenance, and the like.

8. A surge protector, characterized by: ​

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