Preparation method of self-breeding type continuous cropping-resistant soil conditioner, obtained product and application of self-breeding type continuous cropping-resistant soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a self-breeding type continuous cropping-resistant soil conditioner, an obtained product and application of the self-breeding type continuous cropping-resistant soil conditioner. The method is realized by the following steps: mixing straw biochar and fermented wheat straw in proportion, then adding a dispersion protective agent, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding bacillus pumilus, bacillus megatherium, trichoderma viride and bacillus subtilis, adjusting the water content, uniformly stirring and fermenting. The soil conditioner provided by the invention can relieve continuous cropping obstacles and solve the problem of soil degradation, and under the carrier provided by the invention, functional microorganisms can be colonized in soil and naturally propagated, so that frequent additional application is avoided; the soil microbial community can be continuously regulated and controlled, and a stable beneficial bacterium dominant environment is formed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of biotechnology, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a self-reproducing anti-continuous cropping soil conditioner and the obtained product and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] Continuous cropping, also known as continuous cropping, refers to continuous planting of the same crop in a field. Legumes, melons, vegetables, strawberries and some Chinese herbal medicines, etc. will cause plant root diseases due to continuous cropping, resulting in plant wilt disease, leaf wilt disease and other hazards, which seriously affect the growth of crops. The root cause of the continuous cropping obstacle is that the pathogens left in the soil by the previous crop reproduce in large numbers, the soil nutrition is seriously out of balance, and the root excretion of self-toxic substances accumulates in large amounts, which reduces the growth and absorption capacity of the crop roots. The good or bad of the soil micro-ecological environment directly affects the occurrence of continuous cropping diseases.

[0003] To solve the continuous cropping obstacle, methods such as rotation, grafting and high-temperature smothering are mainly used. However, rotation and high-temperature smothering are complex to operate and require adjustment of planting structure. For example, American ginseng and ginseng have a long rotation period, and it is difficult to find suitable substitute crops in the short term, so effective rotation cannot be achieved. Grafting and transplanting have a narrow application range and cannot be widely promoted.

[0004] At present, microbial agents as soil conditioners can increase soil beneficial microorganisms, repair soil microbial flora, and degrade root excretion of self-toxic substances. However, the survival rate of the strains of existing anti-continuous cropping microbial agents is greatly affected by the soil environment, and the effect is unstable. Traditional soil conditioners can only alleviate problems such as acidification and cannot cure soil-borne diseases, and lime and other substances can cause soil compaction and damage soil structure. Therefore, it is urgent to seek a soil conditioner with high strain survival rate and without damaging soil structure and improving continuous cropping obstacles. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a preparation method of a self-reproducing anti-continuous cropping soil conditioner.

[0006] The present application also provides a soil conditioner prepared by the above preparation method.

[0007] Another object of the present application is to provide the application of the above soil conditioner in resisting continuous cropping obstacles of crops.

[0008] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to achieve the above object is as follows: The present application provides a preparation method of a self-reproducing anti-continuous cropping soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: (1) After the wheat straw is crushed, high-temperature carbonization is carried out to obtain straw biochar; (2) after the wheat straw is crushed, the fermentation agent is added, the ammonium chloride aqueous solution is used to adjust the water content of the straw, and then the compost fermentation is carried out, thereby obtaining fermented wheat straw; (3) the straw biochar and the fermented wheat straw are mixed in proportion, then the dispersion protective agent is added, after stirring uniformly, the bacillus pumilus, the bacillus megaterium, the trichoderma viride and the bacillus subtilis are added in sequence, the water content is adjusted, and then the fermentation is carried out after stirring uniformly, thereby obtaining the soil conditioner.

[0009] Preferably, in step (1), the high-temperature carbonization is pyrolysis in a muffle furnace at 550 DEG C for 2h under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0010] Preferably, in step (2), the fermentation agent is beer lees; the mass ratio of the wheat straw and the fermentation agent is 1:0.5; and the mass concentration of the ammonium chloride aqueous solution is 1-2%.

[0011] Preferably, in step (2), the water content of the straw is adjusted to 45-55%; and the fermentation is compost fermentation at room temperature for 30-35d.

[0012] Preferably, in step (3), the mass ratio of the straw biochar and the fermented wheat straw is 1.5-2:1.

[0013] Preferably, in step (3), the dispersion protective agent is composed of dextrin and lecithin in a mass ratio of 1:0.1; and the addition amount of the dispersion protective agent accounts for 2-3% of the total amount of the straw biochar and the fermented wheat straw.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), 2-3 parts of the bacillus pumilus, 3-5 parts of the bacillus megaterium, 1-2 parts of the trichoderma viride and 3-8 parts of the bacillus subtilis are added into 100 parts of the mixture of the straw biochar and the fermented wheat straw.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the water content is adjusted to 25-30%; and the fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 38-45 DEG C for 5-8d.

[0016] The application further provides a soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method.

[0017] The application further provides application of the soil conditioner in resisting crop heavy-harvesting obstacles.

[0018] The application has the following beneficial effects: (1) The soil conditioner prepared by the application can effectively improve the soil structure, and will not cause soil compaction, and can improve the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil. (2) The soil conditioner provided by the application can alleviate heavy cropping obstacles, solve soil degradation problems, and enable functional microorganisms to colonize and naturally reproduce in the soil under the carrier, thereby avoiding frequent additional application; the soil microbial community can be continuously regulated to form a stable beneficial bacteria dominant environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions of the application are further explained and described below through specific examples.

[0020] The beer draff used in the application is purchased from Hongbo Biotechnology.

[0021] The bacillus pumilus, bacillus megaterium, trichoderma viride, and bacillus subtilis used in the application are in the form of bacterial powder and are purchased from Youliko (Shanghai) Life Science.

[0022] Example 1 (1) After the wheat straw is crushed, the air in the muffle furnace is replaced with nitrogen, and then the wheat straw is pyrolyzed in the muffle furnace at 550 DEG C for 2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain straw biochar; (2) After the wheat straw is crushed, the fermentation agent beer draff is added in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, 2wt% ammonium chloride solution is used to adjust the water content of the straw to 50%, and the compost is fermented at room temperature for 35 days to obtain fermented wheat straw; (3) The straw biochar and the fermented wheat straw are mixed in a ratio of 1.5:1, then 3% of the dispersing protective agent (dextrin: lecithin = 1:1, w:w) is added, the mixture is stirred uniformly, 3 parts of bacillus pumilus, 4 parts of bacillus megaterium, 2 parts of trichoderma viride, and 6 parts of bacillus subtilis are added in turn in every 100 parts of the mixture of straw biochar and fermented wheat straw, the water content is adjusted to 30%, and then the mixture is stirred uniformly and fermented at a temperature of 38-45 DEG C for 8 days to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0023] Example 2 (1) After the wheat straw is crushed, the air in the muffle furnace is replaced with nitrogen, and then the wheat straw is pyrolyzed in the muffle furnace at 550 DEG C for 2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain straw biochar; (2) After the wheat straw is crushed, the fermentation agent beer draff is added in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, 2wt% ammonium chloride solution is used to adjust the water content of the straw to 50%, and the compost is fermented at room temperature for 35 days to obtain fermented wheat straw; (3) The straw biochar and fermented wheat straw are mixed in a ratio of 1.5:1, then 3% of the dispersing protective agent (dextrin: lecithin = 1:1, w:w) is added, after stirring, 2 parts of Bacillus pumilus, 5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 1 part of Trichoderma viride and 6 parts of Bacillus subtilis are added into 100 parts of the mixture of straw biochar and fermented wheat straw, then the moisture content is adjusted to 30%, after stirring, the temperature is controlled at 38-45°C, and the mixture is fermented for 8 days to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0024] Comparative Example 1 (1) The wheat straw is crushed, then the air in the muffle furnace is replaced by nitrogen, and then the crushed wheat straw is pyrolyzed in the muffle furnace at 550°C for 2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the straw biochar; (2) The straw biochar is added with 3% of the dispersing protective agent (dextrin: lecithin = 1:1, w:w), after stirring, 3 parts of Bacillus pumilus, 4 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 2 parts of Trichoderma viride and 6 parts of Bacillus subtilis are added into 100 parts of the straw biochar, then the moisture content is adjusted to 30%, after stirring, the temperature is controlled at 38-45°C, and the mixture is fermented for 8 days to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0025] Comparative Example 2 (1) The wheat straw is crushed, then the fermented bacteria agent beer lees is added in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, the water content of the straw is adjusted to 50% by using 2wt% of ammonium chloride solution, and then the mixture is composted and fermented at room temperature for 35 days to obtain the fermented wheat straw; (2) The fermented wheat straw is added with 3% of the dispersing protective agent (dextrin), after stirring, 3 parts of Bacillus pumilus, 4 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 2 parts of Trichoderma viride and 6 parts of Bacillus subtilis are added into 100 parts of the mixture of straw biochar and fermented wheat straw, then the moisture content is adjusted to 30%, after stirring, the temperature is controlled at 38-45°C, and the mixture is fermented for 8 days to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0026] Effect verification (1) The soil conditioners prepared in the examples and comparative examples are used in the fields of the continuous cropping American ginseng, and the application area of each treatment group is the same, and a blank control group is set up without any soil conditioner; 35 kg of the soil conditioner is applied per mu before planting; artificial watering is performed within one week after planting to ensure the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings, and the standard is that the soil is not too wet; fertilization and watering are performed in time, and the drip irrigation is performed about 5 times during the whole growth period, and the nitrogen fertilizer does not need to be too much, and mainly the phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer and some trace elements are applied.

[0027] The incidence of root rot of American ginseng is observed and counted within one year after planting, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0028] Table 1 (II) The planted American ginseng plants were sampled for the control group, Example 1, and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the contents of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucosidase were detected (using the corresponding detection kits), and the specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0029] Table 2 As can be seen from Table 2, the soil conditioner provided by the application can increase the contents of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucosidase in American ginseng. The improved agent provided by the application is used for rhizosphere soil for 60 days, and the composition characteristics of the bacterial flora are analyzed by quantitative amplicon high-throughput sequencing and abundance difference analysis. The analysis results show that the abundance of the related strains in the soil is significantly higher than that of the control group, indicating that it has good adaptability and can successfully colonize.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a self-propagating soil conditioner resistant to continuous cropping, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Wheat straw is crushed and then carbonized at high temperature to obtain straw biochar; (2) After the wheat straw is crushed, fermentation agent is added, and the moisture content of the straw is adjusted by ammonium chloride aqueous solution before composting and fermentation to obtain fermented wheat straw; (3) Mix straw biochar and fermented wheat straw in proportion, then add dispersant and protective agent, stir evenly, then add Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis in sequence, adjust the moisture content, stir evenly and ferment to obtain soil conditioner.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the high-temperature carbonization is pyrolysis in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the fermentation agent is brewer's grains; the mass ratio of wheat straw to fermentation agent is 1:0.5; and the mass concentration of the ammonium chloride aqueous solution is 1-2%.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the moisture content of the straw is adjusted to 45-55%; the fermentation is carried out at room temperature for 30-35 days.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the fermented wheat straw is 1.5 to 2:

1.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, In step (3), the dispersant is composed of dextrin and lecithin in a mass ratio of 1:0.1; the amount of the dispersant is 2-3% of the total amount of straw biochar and fermented wheat straw.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, 5, or 6, characterized in that, In step (3), 2-3 parts of Bacillus pumilus, 3-5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 1-2 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 3-8 parts of Bacillus subtilis are added to every 100 parts of the mixture of straw biochar and fermented wheat straw.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (3), the moisture content is adjusted to 25-30%; the fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 38-45℃ for 5-8 days.

9. A soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The application of a soil conditioner as described in claim 9 in resisting crop replanting obstacles.

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