Measuring system and measuring method for measuring step crack

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring system and a measuring method for measuring step cracks, and a sliding ruler rod is driven by a ruler rod driving mechanism to stretch out and draw back so as to adapt to the step cracks with different widths. The first driving mechanism drives the first positioning identification mechanism to make contact with the edge of one side of the step crack, the second driving mechanism drives the second positioning identification mechanism to make contact with the edge of the other side of the step crack, and the distance between the distance measuring instrument and the first positioning identification mechanism and the distance between the distance measuring instrument and the second positioning identification mechanism are measured through the distance measuring instrument. Therefore, the current distance between the first positioning identification mechanism and the second positioning identification mechanism is obtained, and the current distance is the bevel edge of the step crack. The inclination angle of the fixed ruler rod and / or the sliding ruler rod is measured through the angle measuring instrument, the width and height of the step crack can be calculated through a trigonometric function, the calculation result is accurate, operation is convenient and fast, and accurate crack data are provided for mining area geological exploration and research.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mining fissure measurement, and in particular to a measurement system and a measurement method for measuring step fissures. BACKGROUND

[0002] Step-type mining surface fissures are a common surface damage associated with underground coal mining, and accurately obtaining the step height and the cracking width (fissure width) of the fissures is important data for field monitoring.

[0003] In the prior art, a steel ruler is directly used for measurement. For example, in the document "Research on the Development Law of Surface Fissures in Thick Coal Seam Mining in Loess Gully Region", a steel ruler is used to measure the cracking width and the step height of the step-type ground fissure, that is, one section of the steel ruler is placed at the corner of the lower disc of the fissure, the steel ruler is pulled straight upward, and the verticality is maintained as much as possible, and the step height difference is read by visual horizontal line. Similarly, the fissure width is measured.

[0004] Due to the special physical form of the step-type fissure, the upper and lower discs are misaligned, and the corner of the upper disc fissure and the corner of the lower disc fissure are not on the same horizontal plane or on the same vertical plane. Therefore, when the steel ruler is measured, the step height and the fissure width cannot be directly measured, and the distance difference between the corners of the upper and lower disc fissures in the horizontal and vertical directions needs to be determined by artificial visual line, so the result is greatly affected by human judgment.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a measurement system and a measurement method for measuring step fissures. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provide a measurement system and a measurement method for measuring step fissures, which are convenient to operate and improve the measurement accuracy of step fissures, and provide accurate fissure data for mine geological exploration and research.

[0007] The technical scheme of the present application provides a measurement system for measuring step fissures, which comprises a measurement device and a control device.

[0008] The measurement device comprises a fixed ruler, a sliding ruler connected with the fixed ruler, a ruler driving mechanism connected between the fixed ruler and the sliding ruler and used for driving the sliding ruler to extend and retract, a distance meter installed at the head end of the fixed ruler, and an angle measuring instrument installed at the tail end of the sliding ruler.

[0009] The head end of the fixed ruler and the tail end of the sliding ruler are respectively hinged with a ruler support.

[0010] The fixed ruler is slidably provided with a first positioning mark mechanism for positioning one side edge of the step crack and capable of being measured by the distance meter, and the fixed ruler is further provided with a first driving mechanism for driving the first positioning mark mechanism to adjust along the axial direction;

[0011] The sliding ruler is slidably provided with a second positioning mark mechanism for positioning the other side edge of the step crack and capable of being measured by the distance meter, and the sliding ruler is further provided with a second driving mechanism for driving the second positioning mark mechanism to adjust along the axial direction;

[0012] The ruler driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism, the angle measuring instrument and the distance meter are respectively connected with the control device.

[0013] In an optional technical solution, the first positioning mark mechanism comprises a first sliding ring slidably sleeved on the fixed ruler, a first mark element connected to the top of the first sliding ring, and a first positioning element hinged to the bottom of the first sliding ring.

[0014] The first mark element is perpendicular to the axis of the fixed ruler.

[0015] The first driving mechanism is connected with the first sliding ring.

[0016] In an optional technical solution, the first positioning element comprises a first fixed sleeve, a first sliding rod, a first collision sensor and a first driving unit.

[0017] The upper end of the first fixed sleeve is connected with the first sliding ring through a first ball hinge, and the first sliding rod is slidably connected with the first fixed sleeve.

[0018] The first driving unit is connected between the first fixed sleeve and the first sliding rod, and is used for driving the first sliding rod to extend and retract.

[0019] A plurality of first collision sensors are respectively arranged on the circumferential surfaces of the first fixed sleeve and the first sliding rod.

[0020] The first collision sensor and the first driving unit are respectively connected with the control device.

[0021] In an optional technical solution, the lower end of the first positioning element is connected with a first counterweight.

[0022] In an optional technical solution, the second positioning mark mechanism comprises a second sliding ring slidably sleeved on the sliding ruler, a second mark element connected to the top of the second sliding ring, and a second positioning element hinged to the bottom of the second sliding ring.

[0023] The second identification element is perpendicular to the axis of the sliding ruler rod;

[0024] The second driving mechanism is connected with the second sliding ring.

[0025] In one of the optional technical solutions, the second positioning element comprises a second fixed sleeve, a second sliding rod, a second collision sensor and a second driving unit;

[0026] The upper end of the second fixed sleeve is connected with the second sliding ring through a second spherical hinge, and the second sliding rod is in sliding connection with the second fixed sleeve;

[0027] The second driving unit is connected between the second fixed sleeve and the second sliding rod and is used to drive the second sliding rod to extend and retract;

[0028] The second fixed sleeve and the second sliding rod are respectively provided with a plurality of second collision sensors on the circumferential surfaces thereof;

[0029] The second collision sensor and the second driving unit are respectively in signal connection with the control device.

[0030] In one of the optional technical solutions, the lower end of the second positioning element is connected with a second counterweight.

[0031] In one of the optional technical solutions, the fixed ruler rod has an axially extending central hole, and the sliding ruler rod has an axially extending internally threaded hole;

[0032] The head end gap of the sliding ruler rod is fitted in the central hole;

[0033] The ruler rod driving mechanism comprises a driving motor connected with the fixed ruler rod and a transmission screw rod located in the central hole and in transmission connection with the driving motor;

[0034] The transmission screw rod is connected into the internally threaded hole;

[0035] A guide limiting structure for guiding the axial sliding of the sliding ruler rod and limiting the rotation of the sliding ruler rod is arranged between the sliding ruler rod and the fixed ruler rod;

[0036] The driving motor is in signal connection with the control device.

[0037] In one of the optional technical solutions, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are respectively motor screw driving mechanisms.

[0038] The technical scheme of the present application also provides a measuring method for measuring a step crack, which adopts the measuring system for measuring a step crack according to any one of the above technical schemes.

[0039] comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1: placing the ruler support of the fixed ruler on one side of the step crack;

[0041] S2: driving the sliding ruler to extend and cross the step crack by the ruler driving mechanism, and placing the ruler support of the sliding ruler on one side of the step crack;

[0042] S3: manually adjusting the fixed ruler and / or the sliding ruler to make the fixed ruler, the sliding ruler and the measurement area of the step crack vertically arranged, and then fixing the ruler support;

[0043] S4: driving the first positioning mark mechanism to move towards one side edge of the step crack by the first driving mechanism until the first positioning mark mechanism contacts with the side edge;

[0044] driving the second positioning mark mechanism to move towards the other side edge of the step crack by the second driving mechanism until the second positioning mark mechanism contacts with the side edge;

[0045] S5: measuring the distance between the range finder and the first positioning mark mechanism and the second positioning mark mechanism as L1 and L2 by the range finder, and measuring the inclination angle of the fixed ruler and / or the sliding ruler by the angle measuring instrument;

[0046] S6: calculating and displaying the width L0 of the step crack and the height H0 of the step crack;

[0047] L0=(L2-L1)×cosα, H0=(L2-L1)×sinα.

[0048] The above technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] The measurement system and the measurement method for measuring the step crack provided by the application drive the sliding ruler to extend and retract by the ruler driving mechanism to adapt to step cracks of different widths. The first positioning mark mechanism is driven to contact with one side edge of the step crack by the first driving mechanism, the second positioning mark mechanism is driven to contact with the other side edge of the step crack by the second driving mechanism, the distance between the range finder and the first positioning mark mechanism and the second positioning mark mechanism is measured by the range finder, so that the current distance between the first positioning mark mechanism and the second positioning mark mechanism is obtained, which is the hypotenuse of the step crack. The inclination angle of the fixed ruler and / or the sliding ruler is measured by the angle measuring instrument, so that the width and the height of the step crack can be calculated by the trigonometric function, the calculation result is accurate, the operation is convenient, and accurate crack data is provided for the geological exploration and research of the mining area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] The disclosure of the present application will become more apparent from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings are only for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. In the drawings:

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic view of the measuring system provided by the present application when measuring a step crack;

[0052] Figure 2 A sectional view of the measuring device when the sliding ruler is in the retracted state;

[0053] Figure 3 A sectional view of the measuring device when the sliding ruler is in the extended state;

[0054] Figure 4 A sectional view of the fixed ruler equipped with the first positioning marker mechanism and the first driving mechanism;

[0055] Figure 5 A sectional view of the sliding ruler equipped with the second positioning marker mechanism and the second driving mechanism;

[0056] Figure 6 A sectional view of Figure 4 ;

[0057] Figure 7 A sectional view of the first positioning element;

[0058] Figure 8 A sectional view of Figure 5 ;

[0059] Figure 9 A sectional view of the second positioning element;

[0060] Figure 10 A schematic view of the signal connection between the electrical components and the control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Identical parts are denoted by identical reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "back", "left", "right", "up" and "down" used in the following description refer to the directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to the directions towards or away from the geometric center of a particular component.

[0062] As shown in Figures 1-6 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 , an embodiment of the present application provides a measuring system for measuring a step crack, which includes a measuring device 100 and a control device 200.

[0063] The measuring device 100 comprises a fixed ruler 1, a sliding ruler 2 slidably connected with the fixed ruler 1, a ruler driving mechanism 3 connected between the fixed ruler 1 and the sliding ruler 2 and used for driving the sliding ruler 2 to extend or retract, a distance meter 4 installed at the head end of the fixed ruler 1, and an angle measuring instrument 5 installed at the tail end of the sliding ruler 2.

[0064] The head end of the fixed ruler 1 and the tail end of the sliding ruler 2 are respectively hinged with a ruler support 10.

[0065] The fixed ruler 1 is slidably provided with a first positioning mark mechanism 6 used for positioning one side edge of the stepped crack 300 and capable of being measured by the distance meter 4, and the fixed ruler 1 is further provided with a first driving mechanism 7 used for driving the first positioning mark mechanism 6 to adjust along the axial direction.

[0066] The sliding ruler 2 is slidably provided with a second positioning mark mechanism 8 used for positioning the other side edge of the stepped crack 300 and capable of being measured by the distance meter 4, and the sliding ruler 2 is further provided with a second driving mechanism 9 used for driving the second positioning mark mechanism 8 to adjust along the axial direction.

[0067] The ruler driving mechanism 3, the first driving mechanism 7, the second driving mechanism 9, the angle measuring instrument 5 and the distance meter 4 are respectively signal connected with a control device 200.

[0068] The measuring system provided by the application is used for measuring the width L0 and the height H0 of the stepped crack 300. The first side edge 301 (the lower disc edge or the lower disc corner) of the stepped crack 300 is lower than the second side edge 302 (the upper disc edge or the upper disc corner).

[0069] The measuring system provided by the application comprises the measuring device 100 and the control device 200. The measuring device 100 is used for striding on the stepped crack 300 to measure the width L0 and the height H0 of the stepped crack 300. The control device 200 can be an electric control device such as a computer, a computer, etc., and is used for controlling the operation of each electric element, and is also used for receiving the signal transmitted by the measuring device 100 to calculate the values of the width L0 and the height H0, and displaying the values through a display unit 201. During the measurement, the control device 200 can be arranged in a control room or on the ground surface in the measurement area.

[0070] The measuring device 100 comprises the fixed ruler 1, the sliding ruler 2, the ruler driving mechanism 3, the distance meter 4, the angle measuring instrument 5, the first positioning mark mechanism 6, the first driving mechanism 7, the second positioning mark mechanism 8, the second driving mechanism 9 and the ruler support 10, etc.

[0071] The end of the fixed ruler 1 opposite to the sliding ruler 2 is called the head end, and the end of the sliding ruler 2 opposite to the head end of the fixed ruler 1 is called the tail end. The sliding ruler 2 is slidingly connected with the fixed ruler 1 and can be extended and retracted relative to the fixed ruler 1 to adjust the length of the ruler, so as to adapt to the steps cracks 300 of different widths and heights.

[0072] Specifically, the head end of the fixed ruler 1 is connected with a first mounting seat 11, and the ruler support 10 is connected with the first mounting seat 11 through a hinge or a pivot shaft. The tail end of the sliding ruler 2 is connected with a second mounting seat 21, and the ruler support 10 is connected with the second mounting seat 21 through a hinge or a pivot shaft.

[0073] A ruler support 10 is hingedly connected to the head end of the fixed ruler 1 and the tail end of the sliding ruler 2 respectively, and the fixed ruler 1 and the sliding ruler 2 can be rotated relative to the ruler support 10 respectively. When the two ruler supports 10 are placed on the two sides of the step crack 300, the fixed ruler 1 and the sliding ruler 2 are automatically adjusted to an inclined angle, so that the fixed ruler 1 and the sliding ruler 2 are on the hypotenuse of the step crack 300.

[0074] The ruler driving mechanism 3 is a linear driving mechanism, which can be a piston mechanism or a motor lead screw mechanism. The ruler driving mechanism 3 is arranged between the fixed ruler 1 and the sliding ruler 2, so as to drive the sliding ruler 2 to extend and retract. The ruler driving mechanism 3 is connected with the control device 200 through wires to realize signal transmission and control the opening and closing of the ruler driving mechanism 3 by the control device 200.

[0075] The range finder 4 is installed at the head end of the fixed ruler 1, specifically at the top of the first mounting seat 11. The range finder 4 can be an optical range finder or a sound wave range finder, and the output end thereof is arranged backward. The range finder 4 is connected with the control device 200 through wires to transmit the measured distance data to the control device 200.

[0076] The angle measuring instrument 5 is installed at the tail end of the sliding ruler 2, specifically at the rear side of the second mounting seat 21. The angle measuring instrument 5 can be connected with the second mounting seat 21 through a hinge or a pivot shaft, so as to keep the measuring part thereof downward. The angle measuring instrument 5 can adopt a protractor structure, or a gyroscope, a directional instrument, etc. The angle measuring instrument 5 is used to measure the inclination angle α of the ruler. The angle measuring instrument 5 is connected with the control device 200 through wires to transmit the measured angle data to the control device 200.

[0077] The first positioning and marking mechanism 6 has a positioning part and a marking part. The positioning part is below the fixed ruler 1 and is used to contact and position with one side edge of the step crack 300. The marking part is above the fixed ruler 1 and can be detected by the distance meter 4, so as to calculate the current distance L1 between the distance meter 4 and the marking part of the first positioning and marking mechanism 6. The first positioning and marking mechanism 6 is slidably installed on the fixed ruler 1 and can slide on the fixed ruler 1 to adjust the position, so as to be able to contact and position with one side edge of the step crack 300. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the positioning part of the first positioning and marking mechanism 6 contacts the first side edge 301. Figure 1

[0078] The first driving mechanism 7 is a linear driving mechanism and can be a piston mechanism or a motor lead screw mechanism. The first driving mechanism 7 is connected between the fixed ruler 1 and the first positioning and marking mechanism 6 and is used to drive the first positioning and marking mechanism 6 to slide and adjust in the axial direction. The first driving mechanism 7 is connected with the control device 200 through wires to realize signal transmission and is controlled by the control device 200 to switch and actuate the first driving mechanism 7.

[0079] The second positioning and marking mechanism 8 has a positioning part and a marking part. The positioning part is below the sliding ruler 2 and is used to contact and position with the other side edge of the step crack 300. The marking part is above the sliding ruler 2 and can be detected by the distance meter 4, so as to calculate the current distance L2 between the distance meter 4 and the marking part of the second positioning and marking mechanism 8. The second positioning and marking mechanism 8 is slidably installed on the sliding ruler 2 and can slide on the sliding ruler 2 to adjust the position, so as to be able to contact and position with the other side edge of the step crack 300. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the positioning part of the second positioning and marking mechanism 8 contacts the second side edge 302. Figure 1

[0080] The second driving mechanism 9 is a linear driving mechanism and can be a piston mechanism or a motor lead screw mechanism. The second driving mechanism 9 is connected between the sliding ruler 2 and the second positioning and marking mechanism 8 and is used to drive the second positioning and marking mechanism 8 to slide and adjust in the axial direction. The second driving mechanism 9 is connected with the control device 200 through wires to realize signal transmission and is controlled by the control device 200 to switch and actuate the second driving mechanism 9.

[0081] ​​After the first positioning and identifying mechanism 6 and the second positioning and identifying mechanism 8 are adjusted to positions by the first driving mechanism 7 and the second driving mechanism 9 respectively, the positioning part of the first positioning and identifying mechanism 6 is in contact with the first side edge 301, the positioning part of the second positioning and identifying mechanism 8 is in contact with the second side edge 302, and the first driving mechanism 7 and the second driving mechanism 9 are closed. At this time, the current distance L1 between the range finder 4 and the identifying part of the first positioning and identifying mechanism 6, the current distance L2 between the range finder 4 and the identifying part of the second positioning and identifying mechanism 8, and then the distance L between the identifying part of the second positioning and identifying mechanism 8 and the identifying part of the first positioning and identifying mechanism 6 is L2-L1. L is the length of the hypotenuse of the step crack 300. Then, the inclination angle α of the ruler is measured by the angle measuring instrument 5, and the width L0 of the step crack 300 is calculated by the trigonometric function as L0=(L2-L1)×cosα, and the height H0 of the step crack 300 is calculated by the trigonometric function as H0=(L2-L1)×sinα.

[0082] In summary, the measurement system for measuring a step crack provided by the present application can drive the sliding ruler 2 to extend or retract by the ruler driving mechanism 3 to adapt to step cracks 300 of different widths. The first positioning and identifying mechanism 6 is driven by the first driving mechanism 7 to be in contact with one side edge of the step crack 300, the second positioning and identifying mechanism 8 is driven by the second driving mechanism 9 to be in contact with the other side edge of the step crack 300, the distances between the range finder 4 and the first positioning and identifying mechanism 6 and the second positioning and identifying mechanism 8 are measured by the range finder 4, and then the current distance between the first positioning and identifying mechanism 6 and the second positioning and identifying mechanism 8 is obtained, which is the hypotenuse of the step crack 300. The inclination angle of the fixed ruler 1 and / or the sliding ruler 2 is measured by the angle measuring instrument 5, and then the width and the height of the step crack 300 can be calculated by the trigonometric function, the calculation result is accurate, the operation is convenient, and accurate crack data is provided for geological exploration and research in a mining area.

[0083] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6 The first positioning and identifying mechanism 6 includes a first sliding ring 61 slidably sleeved on the fixed ruler 1, a first identifying element 62 connected to the top of the first sliding ring 61, and a first positioning element 63 hinged to the bottom of the first sliding ring 61.

[0084] The first identifying element 62 is perpendicular to the axis of the fixed ruler 1.

[0085] The first driving mechanism 7 is connected with the first sliding ring 61.

[0086] In the embodiment, the first positioning and marking mechanism 6 comprises a first sliding ring 61, a first marking element 62 and a first positioning element 63. The first sliding ring 61 is sleeved on the fixed ruler rod 1 and can slide relative to the fixed ruler rod 1. The first driving mechanism 7 is connected with the first sliding ring 61 and used for driving the first sliding ring 61 to slide. The first marking element 62 is a marking part of the first positioning and marking mechanism 6 and can be a rod, a plate or the like with a mark. The first marking element 62 is fixedly connected to the top of the first sliding ring 61 and perpendicular to the axis of the fixed ruler rod 1. The first positioning element 63 is a positioning part of the first positioning and marking mechanism 6 and can be a positioning rod, a positioning plate or the like. The upper end of the first positioning element 63 is hingedly connected to the bottom of the first sliding ring 61. When the ruler rod is inclined, the first positioning element 63 can remain vertically downward, so as to be in contact or touch with the edge of the step crack 300, thereby achieving positioning.

[0087] In one of the embodiments, as shown in Figure 7 the first positioning element 63 comprises a first fixed sleeve 631, a first sliding rod 632, a first collision sensor 633 and a first driving unit 634.

[0088] The upper end of the first fixed sleeve 631 is connected with the first sliding ring 61 through the first ball hinge 64, and the first sliding rod 632 is in sliding connection with the first fixed sleeve 631.

[0089] The first driving unit 634 is connected between the first fixed sleeve 631 and the first sliding rod 632 and used for driving the first sliding rod 632 to extend or retract.

[0090] A plurality of first collision sensors 633 are arranged on the circumferential surfaces of the first fixed sleeve 631 and the first sliding rod 632, respectively.

[0091] The first collision sensor 633 and the first driving unit 634 are respectively in signal connection with the control device 200.

[0092] In the embodiment, in order to adapt to the distance adjustment in the height direction of the ruler rod and the step crack 300 and avoid that the first positioning element 63 is too short to extend into the step crack 300, the first positioning element 63 adopts a telescopic mechanism.

[0093] Specifically, the first positioning element 63 comprises a first fixed sleeve 631, a first sliding rod 632, a first collision sensor 633 and a first driving unit 634.

[0094] The upper end of the first fixed sleeve 631 is connected to the bottom of the first sliding ring 61 through the first ball hinge 64 (a spherical hinge), so as to remain vertically downward. The upper end of the first sliding rod 632 is in the first fixed sleeve 631 and in sliding connection with the first fixed sleeve 631.

[0095] The first collision sensor 633 is connected to the control device 200 by wires to transmit signals to the control device 200.

[0096] A plurality of first collision sensors 633 are arranged on the circumferential surface of the first fixed sleeve 631 and the first slide rod 632, respectively. When the first fixed sleeve 631 and / or the first slide rod 632 touch the edge of the step crack 300, the first collision sensor 633 will send a signal. After the control device 200 receives the signal, it is determined that the first positioning marker mechanism 6 is adjusted to the position, and the first driving mechanism 7 stops driving to keep the first positioning element 63 in the position.

[0097] The first driving unit 634 is a linear driving unit, which can be a piston, a motor lead screw mechanism, etc. The first driving unit 634 is connected to the control device 200 by wires, and the opening and operation of the first driving unit 634 are controlled by the control device 200. The first driving unit 634 is connected between the first fixed sleeve 631 and the first slide rod 632, and is used to drive the first slide rod 632 to extend downward for limiting or retract upward for storage.

[0098] There is a preset gap between the first slide rod 632 and the first fixed sleeve 631 to avoid touching the first collision sensor 633 installed around the first slide rod 632.

[0099] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 7 the first slide rod 632 has an internal threaded hole 6321.

[0100] The first driving unit 634 includes a third motor 6431 and a third screw rod 6432. The third motor 6431 is connected to the first fixed sleeve 631, and preferably, the third motor 6431 is installed in the hole of the first fixed sleeve 631. The third screw rod 6432 is pivotally installed in the first fixed sleeve 631, one end of the third screw rod 6432 is in transmission connection with the third motor 6431, and the other end is screwed into the internal threaded hole 6321. A guide limiting structure, such as a linear guide rail, is arranged between the first slide rod 632 and the first fixed sleeve 631 to guide the sliding of the first slide rod 632 and limit the rotation of the first slide rod 632. The third motor 6431 is connected to the control device 200 by wires, and the opening and operation of the third motor 6431 are controlled by the control device 200. When the third motor 6431 rotates forward, the first slide rod 632 extends downward; when the third motor 6431 reverses, the first slide rod 632 retracts upward.

[0101] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 7 the lower end of the first positioning element 63 is connected with a first counterweight 65 to increase the weight of the lower end of the first positioning element 63, so as to arrange the first positioning element 63 vertically downward as much as possible. Specifically, the first counterweight 65 is connected to the lower end of the first slide rod 632.

[0102] In one of the embodiments, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 8 the second positioning and marking mechanism 8 comprises a second sliding ring 81 slidably sleeved on the sliding ruler 2, a second marking element 82 connected to the top of the second sliding ring 81, and a second positioning element 83 hinged to the bottom of the second sliding ring 81.

[0103] The second marking element 82 is perpendicular to the axis of the sliding ruler 2.

[0104] The second driving mechanism 9 is connected to the second sliding ring 81.

[0105] In this embodiment, the second positioning and marking mechanism 8 comprises the second sliding ring 81, the second marking element 82, and the second positioning element 83. The second sliding ring 81 is sleeved on the sliding ruler 2 and can slide relative to the sliding ruler 2. The second driving mechanism 9 is connected to the second sliding ring 81 for driving the second sliding ring 81 to slide. The second marking element 82 is the marking part of the second positioning and marking mechanism 8, which can be a rod, a plate, etc. with markings. The second marking element 82 is fixedly connected to the top of the second sliding ring 81 and is perpendicular to the axis of the sliding ruler 2. The second positioning element 83 is the positioning part of the second positioning and marking mechanism 8, which can be a positioning rod, a positioning plate, etc. The upper end of the second positioning element 83 is hinged to the bottom of the second sliding ring 81, and when the ruler is inclined, the second positioning element 83 can remain vertical downward, so as to be in contact or touch with the edge of the step crack 300, thereby achieving positioning.

[0106] In one of the embodiments, as shown in Figure 9 the second positioning element 83 comprises a second fixed sleeve 831, a second sliding rod 832, a second collision sensor 833, and a second driving unit 834.

[0107] The upper end of the second fixed sleeve 831 is connected to the second sliding ring 81 through a second ball hinge, and the second sliding rod 832 is slidably connected to the second fixed sleeve 831.

[0108] The second driving unit 834 is connected between the second fixed sleeve 831 and the second sliding rod 832 and is used for driving the second sliding rod 832 to extend and retract.

[0109] A plurality of second collision sensors 833 are arranged on the circumferential surfaces of the second fixed sleeve 831 and the second sliding rod 832, respectively.

[0110] The second collision sensor 833 and the second driving unit 834 are respectively signal-connected to the control device 200.

[0111] In this embodiment, in order to adjust the distance in the height direction of the ruler and the step crack 300, the second positioning element 83 is provided with a telescopic mechanism to avoid being too short to extend into the step crack 300.

[0112] Specifically, the second positioning element 83 includes a second fixed sleeve 831, a second sliding rod 832, a second collision sensor 833, and a second driving unit 834.

[0113] The upper end of the second fixed sleeve 831 is connected to the bottom of the second sliding ring 81 through a second ball hinge 84 (spherical hinge), so as to keep extending vertically downward. The upper end of the second sliding rod 832 is in the second fixed sleeve 831 and is in sliding connection with the second fixed sleeve 831.

[0114] The second collision sensor 833 is connected to the control device 200 through a wire to transmit a signal to the control device 200.

[0115] A plurality of second collision sensors 833 are arranged on the circumferential surface of the second fixed sleeve 831 and the second sliding rod 832, respectively. When the second fixed sleeve 831 and / or the second sliding rod 832 touches the edge of the step crack 300, the second collision sensor 833 will send a signal. After the control device 200 receives the signal, it is determined that the second positioning element 83 is adjusted to the right position, and the second driving mechanism 9 stops driving to keep the second positioning element 83 in this position.

[0116] The second driving unit 834 is a linear driving unit, which can be a piston, a motor screw mechanism, etc. The second driving unit 834 is connected to the control device 200 through a wire, and the opening and closing of the second driving unit 834 are controlled by the control device 200. The second driving unit 834 is connected between the second fixed sleeve 831 and the second sliding rod 832, and is used to drive the second sliding rod 832 to extend downward for limiting or to retract upward for storage.

[0117] There is a preset gap between the second sliding rod 832 and the second fixed sleeve 831 to avoid touching the second collision sensor 833 installed around the second sliding rod 832.

[0118] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 9 the second sliding rod 832 has an internal threaded hole 8321.

[0119] The second driving unit 834 comprises a fourth motor 8431 and a fourth screw rod 8432. The fourth motor 8431 is connected with the second fixing sleeve 831, preferably, the fourth motor 8431 is installed in the hole of the second fixing sleeve 831. The fourth screw rod 8432 is pivotally installed in the second fixing sleeve 831, one end of the fourth screw rod 8432 is in transmission connection with the fourth motor 8431, and the other end is screwed in the inner threaded hole 8321. A guide limiting structure for guiding the second slide rod 832 to slide and limiting the second slide rod 832 to rotate is arranged between the second slide rod 832 and the second fixing sleeve 831, for example, a linear guide rail. The fourth motor 8431 is connected with the control device 200 through a wire, and the switch and actuation of the fourth motor 8431 are controlled by the control device 200. When the fourth motor 8431 rotates forward, the second slide rod 832 extends downward; when the fourth motor 8431 reversely rotates, the second slide rod 832 retracts upward.

[0120] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 9 The lower end of the second positioning element 83 is connected with a second counterweight 835 for increasing the weight of the lower end of the second positioning element 83 to make the second positioning element 83 as vertically downward as possible. Specifically, the second counterweight 835 is connected to the lower end of the second slide rod 832.

[0121] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 2-5 The fixed ruler 1 has an axially extending central hole 12, and the sliding ruler 2 has an axially extending inner threaded hole 22.

[0122] The head end of the sliding ruler 2 is clearance-fitted in the central hole 12.

[0123] The ruler driving mechanism 3 comprises a driving motor 31 connected with the fixed ruler 1 and a transmission screw rod 32 in the central hole 12 and in transmission connection with the driving motor 31.

[0124] The transmission screw rod 32 is connected into the inner threaded hole 22.

[0125] A guide limiting structure for guiding the sliding ruler 2 to axially slide and limiting the sliding ruler 2 to rotate is arranged between the sliding ruler 2 and the fixed ruler 1.

[0126] The driving motor 31 is in signal connection with the control device 200.

[0127] In this embodiment, the ruler driving mechanism 3 adopts a motor lead screw mechanism. The fixed ruler 1 is a fixed cylinder having an axially extending central hole 12. The sliding ruler 2 has an axially extending inner threaded hole 22. The head end of the sliding ruler 2 is clearance-fitted in the central hole 12, and the opening of the inner threaded hole 22 is at the head end of the sliding ruler 2.

[0128] The tail end of the fixed ruler 1 has a first end plate 13 with a first through hole 131 for the sliding ruler 2 to slide through and a second through hole 132 for the second screw rod 92 to pass through, as described later. The head end of the sliding ruler 2 has a second end plate 23 with a radius smaller than that of the center hole 12 and larger than that of the first through hole 131, so that the second end plate 23 can be blocked by the first end plate 13, serving as a limiting function.

[0129] The ruler driving mechanism 3 comprises a driving motor 31 and a transmission screw rod 32. The driving motor 31 is connected with the fixed ruler 1, preferably, the driving motor 31 is installed in the center hole 12. The transmission screw rod 32 is pivotally installed in the center hole 12. One end of the transmission screw rod 32 is in transmission connection with the driving motor 31, and the other end is screwed in the inner threaded hole 22. The driving motor 31 is connected with the control device 200 through wires, and the opening and closing of the driving motor 31 are controlled by the control device 200. A guide limiting structure, for example, a linear guide rail, is arranged between the sliding ruler 2 and the fixed ruler 1, which is used to guide the axial sliding of the sliding ruler 2 and limit the rotation of the sliding ruler 2. When the driving motor 31 rotates forward, the sliding ruler 2 extends; when the driving motor 31 reversely rotates, the sliding ruler 2 retracts.

[0130] According to needs, a first baffle plate 33 can be arranged on the side of the driving motor 31 facing the sliding ruler 2, so as to prevent the head end of the sliding ruler 2 from touching the driving motor 31.

[0131] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 2-6 and Figure 8 the first driving mechanism 7 and the second driving mechanism 9 are motor screw driving mechanisms, respectively.

[0132] The driving mechanism and the driving unit in the present application preferably adopt motor screw driving mechanisms, which are accurate in driving and convenient to control. The motor can be a servo motor or a stepping motor.

[0133] Specifically, the first driving mechanism 7 comprises a first motor 71 and a first screw rod 72, and the first positioning mark mechanism 6 or the first sliding ring 61 is provided with a first inner threaded hole.

[0134] The first screw 72 is pivotally mounted on one side of the fixed ruler 1. The first motor 71 is connected to the fixed ruler 1. One end of the first screw 72 is drivenly connected to the first motor 71, and the first screw 72 passes through the first internal threaded hole. Specifically, the first motor 71 is connected to the first mounting base 11, one end of the first screw 72 is connected to the shaft of the first motor 71, and the other end is connected to the first end plate 13 via a bearing. The first motor 71 is connected to the control device 200 via a wire, and the control device 200 controls the switching and operation of the first motor 71. When the first motor 71 rotates forward, the first positioning marking mechanism 6 moves toward the head end of the fixed ruler 1; when the first motor 71 rotates in reverse, the first positioning marking mechanism 6 moves toward the tail end of the fixed ruler 1.

[0135] If necessary, a second baffle 73 may be provided on the side of the first motor 71 facing the first positioning mark mechanism 6 to prevent the first positioning mark mechanism 6 from touching the first motor 71.

[0136] More specifically, the second drive mechanism 9 includes a second motor 91 and a second screw 92, and the second positioning marking mechanism 8 or the second sliding ring 81 is provided with a second internal thread hole.

[0137] The second screw 92 is pivotally mounted on one side of the sliding ruler 2. The second motor 91 is connected to the sliding ruler 2. One end of the second screw 92 is connected to the second motor 91 for transmission, and the second screw 92 passes through the second internal threaded hole. Specifically, the second motor 91 is connected to the second mounting base 21, one end of the second screw 92 is connected to the shaft of the second motor 91, and the other end is connected to the second end plate 23 via a bearing. The second motor 91 is connected to the control device 200 via a wire, and the control device 200 controls the switching and operation of the second motor 91. When the second motor 91 rotates forward, the second positioning marking mechanism 8 moves toward the tail end of the sliding ruler 2; when the second motor 91 rotates in the reverse direction, the second positioning marking mechanism 8 moves toward the head end of the sliding ruler 2, and can only move up to the first end plate 13, where it will be blocked by the first end plate 13.

[0138] If necessary, a second baffle 93 can be provided on the side of the second motor 91 facing the second positioning mark mechanism 8 to prevent the second positioning mark mechanism 8 from touching the second motor 91.

[0139] like Figures 1-10 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a measurement method for measuring step cracks, which employs the measurement system for measuring step cracks described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0140] Includes the following steps:

[0141] S1: Place the ruler bracket 10 of the fixed ruler 1 on one side of the step crack 300.

[0142] S2: driving the sliding ruler 2 to extend through the ruler driving mechanism 3 and across the step crack 300, and placing the ruler support 10 of the sliding ruler 2 on one side of the step crack 300.

[0143] S3: manually adjusting the fixed ruler 1 and / or the sliding ruler 2 so that the fixed ruler 1 and the sliding ruler 2 are arranged perpendicularly to the measurement area of the step crack 300, and then fixing the ruler support.

[0144] S4: driving the first positioning marker mechanism 6 to move towards one side edge of the step crack 300 through the first driving mechanism 7 until the first positioning marker mechanism 6 is in contact with the side edge.

[0145] Driving the second positioning marker mechanism 8 to move towards the other side edge of the step crack 300 through the second driving mechanism 9 until the second positioning marker mechanism 8 is in contact with the side edge.

[0146] S5: measuring the distances between the distance meter 4 and the first positioning marker mechanism 6 and the second positioning marker mechanism 8 as L1 and L2 through the distance meter 4, and measuring the inclination angle a of the fixed ruler 1 and / or the sliding ruler 2 through the angle measuring instrument 5.

[0147] S6: calculating and displaying the width L0 of the step crack 300 and the height H0 of the step crack 300.

[0148] L0=(L2-L1)×cos a, H0=(L2-L1)×sin a.

[0149] The measuring method for measuring a step crack provided by the present application drives the sliding ruler 2 to extend or retract through the ruler driving mechanism 3 to adapt to step cracks 300 of different widths. The first positioning marker mechanism 6 is driven to be in contact with one side edge of the step crack 300 through the first driving mechanism 7, and the second positioning marker mechanism 8 is driven to be in contact with the other side edge of the step crack 300 through the second driving mechanism 9. The distances between the distance meter 4 and the first positioning marker mechanism 6 and the second positioning marker mechanism 8 are measured through the distance meter 4, so as to obtain the current distance between the first positioning marker mechanism 6 and the second positioning marker mechanism 8, which is the hypotenuse of the step crack 300. The inclination angle of the fixed ruler 1 and / or the sliding ruler 2 is measured through the angle measuring instrument 5, so as to calculate the width and the height of the step crack 300 through trigonometric functions. The calculation result is accurate and the operation is convenient, and the present application provides accurate crack data for geological exploration and research in a mining area.

[0150] According to needs, the above technical solutions can be combined to achieve the best technical effect.

[0151] The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles and preferred embodiments of the application. It is to be understood that numerous other variations of the details, materials and arrangements are possible within the scope of the application as delineated in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A measurement system for measuring a step crack, characterized by, The measurement device and the control device are included; The measurement device includes a fixed ruler, a sliding ruler in sliding connection with the fixed ruler, a ruler driving mechanism connected between the fixed ruler and the sliding ruler and used for driving the sliding ruler to extend and retract, a range finder installed at the head end of the fixed ruler, and an angle measuring instrument installed at the tail end of the sliding ruler; The head end of the fixed ruler and the tail end of the sliding ruler are respectively hinged with a ruler support; The fixed ruler is slidably provided with a first positioning mark mechanism used for positioning one side edge of a step crack and capable of being measured by the range finder, and is further provided with a first driving mechanism used for driving the first positioning mark mechanism to adjust along the axial direction; The sliding ruler is slidably provided with a second positioning mark mechanism used for positioning the other side edge of the step crack and capable of being measured by the range finder, and is further provided with a second driving mechanism used for driving the second positioning mark mechanism to adjust along the axial direction; The ruler driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism, the angle measuring instrument, and the range finder are respectively in signal connection with the control device.

2. The measurement system for measuring a step crack according to claim 1, wherein, The first positioning mark mechanism includes a first sliding ring slidably sleeved on the fixed ruler, a first mark element connected at the top of the first sliding ring, and a first positioning element hinged at the bottom of the first sliding ring; The first mark element is perpendicular to the axis of the fixed ruler; The first driving mechanism is connected with the first sliding ring.

3. The measurement system for measuring a step crack according to claim 2, wherein, The first positioning element includes a first fixed sleeve, a first sliding rod, a first collision sensor, and a first driving unit; The upper end of the first fixed sleeve is connected with the first sliding ring through a first ball hinge, and the first sliding rod is in sliding connection with the first fixed sleeve; The first driving unit is connected between the first fixed sleeve and the first sliding rod and used for driving the first sliding rod to extend and retract; A plurality of first collision sensors are respectively arranged on the circumferential surfaces of the first fixed sleeve and the first sliding rod; The first collision sensor and the first driving unit are respectively in signal connection with the control device.

4. The measurement system for measuring a step crack according to claim 2, wherein The lower end of the first positioning element is connected with a first counterweight.

5. The measurement system for measuring a step crack according to claim 1, wherein, The second positioning mark mechanism includes a second sliding ring slidably sleeved on the sliding ruler, a second mark element connected at the top of the second sliding ring, and a second positioning element hinged at the bottom of the second sliding ring; The second mark element is perpendicular to the axis of the sliding ruler; The second driving mechanism is connected with the second sliding ring.

6. The measurement system for measuring a step crack according to claim 5, wherein The second positioning element includes a second fixed sleeve, a second sliding rod, a second collision sensor, and a second driving unit; The upper end of the second fixed sleeve is connected with the second sliding ring through a second ball hinge, and the second sliding rod is in sliding connection with the second fixed sleeve; The second driving unit is connected between the second fixed sleeve and the second sliding rod and used for driving the second sliding rod to extend and retract; A plurality of second collision sensors are respectively arranged on the circumferential surfaces of the second fixed sleeve and the second sliding rod; The second collision sensor and the second driving unit are signal connected with the control device respectively.

7. The measurement system for measuring a step crack according to claim 5, wherein A second counterweight is connected to the lower end of the second positioning element.

8. The measurement system for measuring step cracks according to claim 1, wherein, The fixed ruler rod has an axially extending central hole, and the sliding ruler rod has an axially extending internally threaded hole; The head end gap of the sliding ruler rod is fitted in the central hole; The ruler rod driving mechanism comprises a driving motor connected with the fixed ruler rod and a transmission screw rod in the central hole and in transmission connection with the driving motor; The transmission screw rod is connected into the internally threaded hole; A guide limiting structure for guiding the axial sliding of the sliding ruler rod and limiting the rotation of the sliding ruler rod is arranged between the sliding ruler rod and the fixed ruler rod; The driving motor is signal connected with the control device.

9. The measurement system for measuring step cracks of claim 1, wherein, The first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are motor screw driving mechanisms respectively.

10. A measurement method for measuring a step crack, characterized by, The measuring system for measuring a step crack according to any one of claims 1-9 is adopted; The method comprises the following steps: S1: placing the ruler rod support of the fixed ruler rod on one side of the step crack; S2: driving the sliding ruler rod to extend out by the ruler rod driving mechanism, and crossing the step crack, placing the ruler rod support of the sliding ruler rod on one side of the step crack; S3: manually adjusting the fixed ruler rod and / or the sliding ruler rod so that the fixed ruler rod, the sliding ruler rod and the measuring area of the step crack are arranged vertically, and then fixing the ruler rod support; S4: moving the first positioning mark mechanism towards one side edge of the step crack by the first driving mechanism until the first positioning mark mechanism contacts with the side edge; Moving the second positioning mark mechanism towards the other side edge of the step crack by the second driving mechanism until the second positioning mark mechanism contacts with the side edge; S5: measuring the distances between the range finder and the first positioning mark mechanism and the second positioning mark mechanism as L1 and L2 by the range finder, and measuring the inclination angle α of the fixed ruler rod and / or the sliding ruler rod by the angle measuring instrument; S6: calculating the width L0 of the step crack and the height H0 of the step crack, and displaying them; L0=(L2-L1)×cosα, H0=(L2-L1)×sinα.

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