Concrete pipe pile size detection device adopting laser detection

Abstract

The invention discloses a concrete pipe pile size detection device adopting laser detection, and relates to the technical field of pipe pile size detection tools. By comparing the rotating angle proportion and the angular velocity mean value of the rotating roller and the pipe pile, whether the abnormity is caused by the rotating roller rotating abnormity or the pipe pile rotating abnormity can be rapidly distinguished, a targeted warning signal is generated, the problem that in traditional detection, transmission is abnormal, but a reason cannot be positioned is avoided, a worker can rapidly check equipment faults, and the detection efficiency is improved. The shutdown maintenance time is reduced; the size data are analyzed in a segmented mode according to the rotation period of the pipe pile, abnormal marks in the adjacent periods are compared, accidental fluctuation caused by environmental interference can be effectively eliminated, only the periodically occurring abnormity is judged as the real size defect of the pipe pile, the situation that the pipe pile is misjudged to be unqualified is reduced, and the follow-up manual rechecking cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pipe pile size detection tools, and in particular to a concrete pipe pile size detection device using laser detection. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete pipe piles, as an important building foundation component, are widely used in many fields such as municipal engineering, high-rise buildings, bridge construction, and port terminals. Their dimensional accuracy, including diameter, length, and wall thickness, is directly related to the stability and safety of the engineering structure. If there are deviations in the dimensions of the pipe piles, it may lead to uneven stress on the structure and increase potential engineering hazards. Therefore, accurate dimensional inspection of concrete pipe piles is a key link in ensuring project quality. At present, the dimensional inspection of concrete pipe piles mostly adopts traditional methods, such as manual measurement using tools such as tape measures and calipers. This method not only consumes a lot of manpower but also has low measurement efficiency, making it difficult to meet the inspection needs of large-scale production and construction. At the same time, manual measurement is easily affected by human operation factors, resulting in large measurement errors and low data reliability. Especially for the curved parts and hidden locations of the pipe piles, the measurement is more difficult and prone to missed or false detections. Although there are some semi-automatic testing devices on the market, these devices often have limited testing range. Most of them can only test local areas of the pipe pile and cannot achieve full-size, all-round scanning. Moreover, the position adjustment of these devices is not flexible enough and it is difficult to adapt to the testing needs of pipe piles of different specifications. When faced with pipe piles with long lengths and varying diameters, the testing efficiency and accuracy will drop significantly. Therefore, the above-mentioned problems need to be addressed and improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a laser-based device for detecting the dimensions of concrete pipe piles.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a concrete pipe pile size detection device using laser detection, comprising two mounting frames, two mounting rods mounted on both sides of the top of the two mounting frames, and two bases mounted between the two mounting frames. A moving mechanism is mounted on the mounting rods, a distance measuring mechanism is mounted below the moving mechanism, a rotating mechanism is mounted on the base, and pipe piles are mounted on the two sets of rotating mechanisms. The control box of the detection device is equipped with an intelligent control component, which includes an analysis module; The analysis module analyzes the rotation angle data transmitted from the acquisition module, determines rotational anomalies during the size detection process, analyzes the causes of the anomalies, generates a size anomaly signal based on the size of the anomaly area, and transmits the size anomaly signal and the corresponding anomaly marker number to the execution module; it also analyzes the light intensity, ambient humidity, and dust concentration data transmitted from the acquisition module, determines the resulting detection errors, and adjusts the anomaly judgment range based on the calculated detection errors.

[0005] Preferably, the moving mechanism includes two first motors installed at the far ends of two mounting rods. The output ends of the first motors are connected to lead screws via couplings. The lead screws are threaded onto mounting blocks, and the lower ends of the mounting blocks are fixedly connected to L-shaped mounting plates.

[0006] Preferably, the lead screw is rotatably installed inside the mounting rod, and the bottom surface of the mounting rod is provided with a sliding groove that cooperates with the movement of the mounting block.

[0007] Preferably, the ranging mechanism includes a laser scanner slidably mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate and an electric push rod mounted on the side of the mounting plate. The bottom surface of the laser scanner is equipped with a laser emission port, and a sensing base is mounted on the other side of the laser scanner. Multiple laser sensors are equidistantly mounted on the inner side of the sensing base.

[0008] Preferably, the telescopic end of the electric actuator is connected to one side of the laser scanner, and a T-shaped block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the laser scanner, and a T-shaped groove is provided on the mounting plate to cooperate with the sliding of the T-shaped block.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a turntable mounted on the top surface of the base and a second motor located on one side of the turntable. Two rollers are rotatably mounted on the upper end of the turntable. One of the rollers has a drive wheel mounted on one end of its shaft and the output end of the second motor. A drive belt is sleeved on the outer side of the two drive wheels.

[0010] Preferably, the analysis module performs the following steps to analyze rotational anomalies: S1: The rotation angle data of the rotating roller (13) and the pipe pile (16) are detected respectively to obtain the rotation angle of the rotating roller (13). Rotation angle with pipe pile (16) The ratio between ,Right now ;like If the transmission between the roller (13) and the pipe pile (16) is abnormal, the cause of the abnormality will be analyzed. S2: Retrieve the real-time monitored rotational angular velocity data of both devices within a set time interval from the current time point, and calculate the average of the real-time monitored rotational angular velocity data within the set time interval. If the average of the real-time monitored rotational angular velocity data of the rotating roller (13) is... If the transmission abnormality is determined to be caused by the abnormal rotation of the roller (13), a roller warning signal is generated and transmitted to the execution module; if the average value of the real-time monitoring rotational angular velocity data of the pipe pile (16) is... If the transmission abnormality is determined to be caused by the abnormal rotation of the pipe pile (16), the cause of the abnormal rotation of the pipe pile (16) will be analyzed. S3: Retrieve the dimensional inspection data of the pipe pile (16) and according to the rotation angle Time required to complete one lap Divide the dimensional inspection data into time segments and average the dimensional inspection data within each time segment. The calculation, and the mean obtained. The differences between the data and other size detection data within the corresponding time segment are recorded, and data with differences exceeding a preset difference threshold are marked as anomalies. The detection time points corresponding to the anomaly marks are then recorded. To acquire, if the detection time point If there are abnormal markers within the range, it is determined that the dimensions of the pipe pile (16) are abnormal; otherwise, it is determined that the abnormality is caused by the detection fluctuation.

[0011] Preferably, the analysis module performs the following steps to analyze the size of abnormal areas: Q1: Taking the center of the laser point as the base point and the interval between adjacent detection times as the time, the displacement of the laser point on the outside of the pipe pile (16) within a detection time point is calculated based on the rotational angular velocity data of the pipe pile (16). Half of the displacement is used to construct a square shape with the base point as the center. The surface of the pipe pile (16) is divided according to the constructed square image. The square shape after division is numbered according to the number of shapes at one end of the pipe pile (16) and the clockwise number of shapes at the position mark. Q2: Calculate the number of adjacent outlier markers and the size of the outlier area. Equals the number of anomaly markers multiplied by the area of ​​the square image; preset anomaly area threshold. ,like If so, a size anomaly signal is generated, and the size anomaly signal and the corresponding anomaly marker number are passed to the execution module.

[0012] Preferably, the analysis module performs the following steps to analyze the detection error: K1: Detection size error caused by interfering light. , The light interference coefficient is related to the ambient light intensity. and These are the interference light intensity and the laser emission intensity, respectively. The laser propagation distance; the measurement size error caused by dust and moisture. , Environmental degradation coefficient, Dust concentration, The relative humidity of the environment; the measurement size error caused by vibration and tilt. , The angle between the laser scanning direction and the radial direction of the pipe pile (16); K2: Measurement dimensional error caused by protrusions and depressions , and These represent the maximum depth of surface protrusions or depressions. The laser incident angle; the measurement size error caused by ellipticity. , and These are the diameters of the major and minor axes of the pipe pile section, respectively; dimensional errors caused by bending. , This represents the maximum bending deflection of the pipe pile. For the length of the pipe pile, This is the distance from the testing point to one end of the pipe pile; K3: Total error in the dimensional inspection of pipe pile (16) ;according to Set the deviation range of the measured dimensional data as follows: For the measured dimensional data that is within the deviation range, no abnormality marking is performed.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The first motor, in conjunction with the lead screw, facilitates adjustment of the ranging mechanism's axial detection position on the pipe pile, improving detection flexibility. The electric actuator, in conjunction with the laser scanner, facilitates adjustment of the ranging mechanism's radial detection position on the pipe pile, enhancing detection comprehensiveness and enabling multi-dimensional radial dimension detection of the pipe pile. Furthermore, the laser emission port, in conjunction with multiple laser sensors, facilitates precise capture of the pipe pile's dimensional data, improving detection accuracy and enabling efficient scanning and detection of pipe pile dimensions. The second motor, in conjunction with the transmission wheel and belt, facilitates adjustment of the circumferential detection angle on the pipe pile, improving detection efficiency and enabling full-range circumferential dimension detection of the pipe pile. Ultimately, this solves the problems of limited position adjustment, incomplete detection range, insufficient accuracy, and low efficiency in traditional pipe pile dimension detection. By comparing the rotation angle ratio and average angular velocity of the roller and the pipe pile, the abnormality can be quickly distinguished as being caused by abnormal roller rotation or abnormal pipe pile rotation, and a targeted warning signal can be generated. This avoids the problem of "transmission abnormality but inability to locate the cause" in traditional testing, making it easier for staff to quickly troubleshoot equipment failures and reduce downtime for maintenance. Furthermore, by analyzing the dimensional data in segments according to the pipe pile rotation cycle and comparing the abnormality marks in adjacent cycles, occasional fluctuations caused by environmental interference (such as momentary dust obstruction) can be effectively eliminated. Only periodic abnormalities are judged as true dimensional defects of the pipe pile, reducing the situation of "misjudging qualified as unqualified" and lowering the cost of subsequent manual verification. The analysis module calculates six errors, including light interference, dust and water vapor, vibration and tilt, surface defects, ellipticity, and bending, using formulas. It also dynamically adjusts the anomaly judgment range based on the total error, automatically compensating for the impact of environmental fluctuations and pipe pile morphology deviations on the inspection. This improves the dimensional inspection accuracy to within ±0.5mm, meeting the requirements of high-standard projects for pipe pile dimensions. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the moving mechanism structure proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ranging mechanism structure proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating mechanism structure proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the ranging mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the system proposed in this invention.

[0015] The following are the components listed in the diagram: 1. Mounting frame; 2. Mounting rod; 3. Base; 4. First motor; 5. Lead screw; 6. Mounting block; 7. Mounting plate; 8. Electric actuator; 9. Laser scanner; 10. Laser emission port; 11. Induction base; 12. Laser sensor; 13. Rotating roller; 14. Second motor; 15. Drive belt; 16. Pipe pile. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0017] Example 1: See Figure 1-5 This invention discloses a laser-based concrete pipe pile dimension detection device, comprising two mounting frames 1, two mounting rods 2 mounted on either side of the top of the two mounting frames 1, and two bases 3 mounted between the two mounting frames 1. The mounting frames 1 facilitate the support and mounting of the mounting rods 2; the mounting rods 2 facilitate the mounting of a moving mechanism; a moving mechanism is mounted on the mounting rods 2, and a distance measuring mechanism is mounted below the moving mechanism; a rotating mechanism is mounted on the bases 3, and pipe piles 16 are mounted on the two sets of rotating mechanisms; the moving mechanism includes two first motors 4 mounted at the far ends of the two mounting rods 2, and the first motors... 4. Facilitates the rotation of the lead screw 5; the output end of the first motor 4 is equipped with the lead screw 5 via a coupling, which facilitates the movement of the mounting plate 7; the lead screw 5 is threadedly connected to the mounting block 6, and the lower end of the mounting block 6 is fixedly connected to the L-shaped mounting plate 7, which facilitates the installation of the electric push rod 8 and the laser scanner 9; the lead screw 5 is rotatably installed inside the mounting rod 2, and the bottom surface of the mounting rod 2 is provided with a through groove to cooperate with the movement of the mounting block 6. The ranging mechanism includes the laser scanner 9 slidably installed on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 7 and the electric push rod 8 installed on the side of the mounting plate 7, which facilitates the change of the position of the laser scanner 9.

[0018] In this invention, a laser scanner 9 has a laser emission port 10 installed on its bottom surface, which facilitates the emission of laser light to scan the pipe pile 16. A sensing base 11 is installed on the other side of the laser scanner 9, which facilitates distance measurement in conjunction with the laser sensor 12. Multiple laser sensors 12 are equidistantly installed on the inner side of the sensing base 11. The telescopic end of the electric push rod 8 is connected to one side of the laser scanner 9, and a T-shaped block is fixed to the upper end of the laser scanner 9. A T-shaped groove is provided on the mounting plate 7 to slide with the T-shaped block. The rotating mechanism includes a turntable installed on the top surface of the base 3 and a second motor 14 located on one side of the turntable. The second motor 14 facilitates the rotation of one of the rotating rollers 13. Two rotating rollers 13 are rotatably installed on the upper end of the turntable, which facilitates the rotation of the pipe pile 16. A transmission wheel is installed on one end of the shaft of one of the rotating rollers 13 and the output end of the second motor 14. A transmission belt 15 is sleeved on the outer side of the two transmission wheels, which facilitates the second motor 14 to drive the rotating roller 13 to rotate.

[0019] Example 2: See Figure 6 The control box of the detection device is equipped with intelligent control components, which include a data acquisition module, an analysis module, and an execution module. The data acquisition module collects rotation angle data of the rotating roller (13) and the pipe pile (16), light intensity data, ambient humidity and dust concentration data, and transmits the collected data to the analysis module. The analysis module analyzes the rotation angle data transmitted from the acquisition module, determines rotational anomalies during the size detection process, analyzes the causes of rotational anomalies, generates a size anomaly signal based on the size of the anomaly area, and transmits the size anomaly signal and the corresponding anomaly marker number to the execution module; it also analyzes the light intensity, ambient humidity, and dust concentration data transmitted from the acquisition module, determines the resulting detection error, and adjusts the anomaly judgment range based on the calculated detection error. Every 3 months (or after a cumulative inspection of 1000 pipe piles), use a laser power meter to measure the actual output power of the laser emission port and compare it with the standard power (e.g., 5mW) when the equipment leaves the factory. If the power attenuation exceeds 10%, adjust the current parameters of the laser emitter through the equipment control system to compensate for the power loss. If it cannot be compensated (e.g., due to hardware aging), replace the laser emission module and complete the power output calibration operation. Place the standard calibration block 500mm directly below the laser emission port (simulating a typical detection distance) and observe the shape of the laser spot formed on the block surface. If the spot becomes diffused or shifted, adjust the focusing lens of the port (some models can be manually rotated and adjusted) to restore the spot diameter to the factory standard (e.g., ≤3mm) to ensure energy concentration and complete the spot focusing calibration operation. Fix the high reflectivity calibration block at a known distance (e.g., 1000mm), activate the laser emission port 10, record the signal intensity values ​​received by each laser sensor 12, and compare them with the initial calibration values. If the signal intensity of a sensor drops by more than 20%, clean the surface of the sensor base 11 (to remove dust). If it still does not meet the standard, increase the gain parameter (e.g., amplification factor) of the sensor through the control system, or replace the failed sensor to complete the reflection signal intensity calibration operation. Place calibration blocks of different thicknesses sequentially between the laser emission port 10 and the sensor, record the thickness value measured by the equipment, compare it with the actual thickness of the calibration block, and calculate the error value. If the error exceeds ±0.5mm (set according to the accuracy requirements of pipe pile testing), input the correction coefficient (e.g., actual thickness = measured value + error compensation value) through the equipment's software to achieve system-level calibration and complete the distance measurement accuracy calibration operation. Start the moving mechanism, control the lead screw 5 to drive the ranging mechanism to move 1000mm axially, verify the actual moving distance through the scale of the coordinate reference plate. If the deviation exceeds ±1mm, adjust the pulse parameters of the first motor 4 (stepper motor) or the encoder feedback value (servo motor) to correct the displacement accuracy and complete the axial position calibration operation; control the electric push rod 8 to push the laser scanner 9 to move 500mm radially, use calipers to measure the actual moving distance and compare it with the set value. If the deviation exceeds ±0.5mm, calibrate the extension parameter of the electric push rod 8 (such as adjusting the hydraulic / pneumatic pressure or motor speed) to complete the radial scanning range calibration operation; start the rotating mechanism to rotate the pipe pile (or the alternative standard cylinder) 360°, record the circumference data detected by the laser scanner 9, compare it with the standard circumference (π×standard diameter). If the deviation exceeds ±1mm, adjust the speed of the second motor 14 and the tension of the transmission belt to ensure the pipe pile 16 rotates accurately and complete the circumferential angle calibration operation; A position mark is made on the outer surface of both ends of the pipe pile 16. A line is drawn connecting the position mark and the center of one end of the pipe pile 16. The angle between the line connecting the position mark and the vertical line from the center of the pipe pile 16 when the pipe pile 16 rotates is the rotation angle. When the rotating roller 13 drives the pipe pile 16 to rotate, the rotation angle data of the rotating roller 13 and the pipe pile 16 are detected respectively to obtain the rotation angle of the rotating roller 13. Rotation angle with pipe pile 16 The ratio between ,Right now ;like If so, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the transmission between the rotating roller 13 and the pipe pile 16, and the cause of the abnormality is analyzed. If the rotation angles of the two are proportional, then their rotational angular velocities are... and Also proportional, that is ; Retrieve real-time monitoring rotational angular velocity data from both devices within a set time interval from the current time point, calculate the average of the real-time monitoring rotational angular velocity data within the set time interval, and if the average of the real-time monitoring rotational angular velocity data of roller 13 is... If the transmission abnormality is determined to be caused by an abnormal rotation of the roller 13, a roller warning signal is generated and transmitted to the execution module; if the average real-time monitored rotational angular velocity data of the pipe pile 16 is... If the transmission abnormality is determined to be caused by the abnormal rotation of the pipe pile 16, the cause of the abnormal rotation of the pipe pile 16 will be analyzed. After receiving the warning signal from the rotating roller, the execution module will issue an audible and visual alarm through the warning light of the detection device and display "Roller rotation abnormal" on the display screen of the control box, so that the staff can quickly locate the abnormality. The dimensional inspection data of pipe pile 16 were retrieved and analyzed according to the rotation angle. Time required to complete one lap Divide the dimensional inspection data into time segments and average the dimensional inspection data within each time segment. The calculation, and the mean obtained. The differences between the data and other size detection data within the corresponding time segment are recorded, and data with differences exceeding a preset difference threshold are marked as anomalies. The detection time points corresponding to the anomaly marks are then recorded. To acquire, if the detection time point If abnormal markers are also present within the range, it is determined that the dimensions of pipe pile 16 are abnormal; otherwise, it is determined that the abnormality is caused by detection fluctuation. This threshold is set according to the pipe pile size tolerance standard. For example, GB / T13476-2017 specifies that the allowable deviation of the concrete pipe pile diameter is ±5mm, so the preset difference threshold is set to 5mm; the unit of "±1" is seconds, used to tolerate time deviations caused by small fluctuations in the pipe pile rotation speed (such as ±5% fluctuation in rotation speed due to power supply voltage changes); for example, if This is an anomaly marker that appeared at the 10th second. 12 seconds, then The range is 21-23 seconds; if an abnormal marker reappears within this range, it indicates that the defect is periodic (e.g., a fixed protrusion exists on the surface of the pipe pile), and is judged as an anomaly in the actual size; conversely, if only If an anomaly occurs, it may be due to fluctuations in detection caused by momentary dust obstruction, and will not be marked. Using the center of the laser point as the base point and the interval between adjacent detection times as the time, the displacement of the laser point on the outside of the pipe pile 16 within a detection time point is calculated based on the rotational angular velocity data of the pipe pile 16. A square shape is constructed with half of this displacement as the center point, and the surface of the pipe pile 16 is divided according to the constructed square image. The resulting square shapes are numbered according to the number of shapes at one end of the pipe pile 16 and the clockwise number of shapes at the line connecting to the position markers. The number of adjacent numbered abnormal markers and the size of the abnormal area are then calculated. Equals the number of anomaly markers multiplied by the area of ​​the square image; preset anomaly area threshold. ,like If so, a size anomaly signal is generated, and the size anomaly signal and the corresponding anomaly marker number are passed to the execution module; The side length of the square is half the displacement of the laser point, where the displacement is calculated from the angular velocity of the pipe pile rotation and the detection time interval. This ensures that the square completely covers the scanning range of the laser point, avoiding the omission of minor defects. The segmented graphic is positioned according to "number of units from one end of the pipe pile + clockwise numbering," such as "3-5" indicating the 3rd axial unit from the left end and the 5th circumferential unit clockwise from the marked line, achieving precise mapping of defect locations. threshold Based on the tolerance settings for surface defects on pipe piles in engineering projects, for example, in municipal engineering, the area of ​​a single defect on the surface of a pipe pile should not exceed 500mm² (approximately 22mm × 22mm); the calculation method is to multiply the number of abnormal markers by the area of ​​a single square. If there are 8 consecutive abnormal markers in a certain area, and the area of ​​a single defect is 6.8mm², then... 54.4 mm², if A size of 50 mm² triggers a dimensional anomaly signal; the setting is based on structural strength requirements (large-area defects may lead to stress concentration) and durability requirements (defects are prone to becoming corrosion initiation points). After receiving a size abnormality signal, the execution module will sound an alarm through the buzzer inside the intelligent control component and display the corresponding graphic number of the abnormality on the display screen of the laser scanner 9, so that the staff can quickly locate the abnormality.

[0020] Ambient light can affect the laser sensor's reception, reducing the effective signal ratio and causing detection size errors due to interference from light. , The light interference coefficient is related to the ambient light intensity. and These are the interference light intensity and the laser emission intensity, respectively. The laser propagation distance; the measurement size error caused by dust and moisture. , Environmental degradation coefficient, Dust concentration, The relative humidity of the environment; the measurement size error caused by vibration and tilt. , The angle between the laser scanning direction and the radial direction of the pipe pile 16; This reflects the degree of interference of ambient light on the laser signal, with a value range of 0.01-0.1. It is set to 0.1 in strong light environment (such as direct sunlight at noon) and 0.01 in weak light environment (such as workshop lighting). It is obtained through experimental calibration (such as measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the laser sensor under different light intensities). The attenuation effect of dust and water vapor on laser was quantified, with values ​​ranging from 0.005 to 0.02. The value was 0.02 when the dust concentration was 100 mg / m³ and the humidity was 80%, and 0.005 when the environment was clean. The value was derived based on the laser propagation loss formula in different media. If the tilt is caused by equipment vibration or pile tilting, for example, if an uneven foundation causes the pile to tilt by 3°, then... At 3°, the laser measurement value is the chord length of the pipe pile, with an error of [missing information]. 1000×(1-cos3°)≈1.3mm; If protrusions, depressions, or stains on the surface of pipe pile 16 alter the laser reflection path, then the resulting dimensional errors in the detection will be due to these protrusions and depressions. , and These represent the maximum depth of surface protrusions or depressions. The laser incident angle; bending or ellipticity of the pipe pile can cause deviations between the measured and actual radial dimensions, thus the dimensional error caused by ellipticity is considered. , and These are the diameters of the major and minor axes of the pipe pile section, respectively; dimensional errors caused by bending. , This represents the maximum bending deflection of the pipe pile. For the length of the pipe pile, This is the distance from the testing point to one end of the pipe pile; The angle between the laser and the surface of the pipe pile is usually set to 45° (balancing scanning range and reflection intensity). If there is a 2mm protrusion on the surface of the pipe pile, then... 2×sin45°≈1.4mm; both are monitored in real time by tilt sensors installed on the laser scanner to ensure the dynamic nature of error calculation; In summary, the total error in the dimensional inspection of pipe pile 16 is the vector sum of the errors caused by the above six factors, which is simplified by summing the absolute values. ;according to Set the deviation range of the measured dimensional data as follows: For the measured dimensional data that is within the deviation range, no abnormality marking is performed; The derivation of the six error formulas is based on physical principles: and This is due to the propagation loss of laser light in a non-ideal medium (light intensity attenuation leads to ranging error). and Because the laser path deviates from the ideal direction (measuring chord length instead of diameter); and This reflects the influence of pipe pile morphological deviations on radial dimensions (ellipticity causes diameter to change with angle, and bending causes the detection point to deviate from the axis). The total error is calculated by summing the absolute values. This is to conservatively estimate the maximum possible deviation. For example, the six errors are ±2mm, ±3mm, ±1mm, ±4mm, ±2mm, and ±1mm, with a total error of... The anomaly detection range is set to ±13mm to ensure that 99% of normal fluctuations are included within the acceptable range, thus reducing misjudgments. Light interference error middle, The coefficient is dimensionless. and The ratio is also dimensionless. If the unit is mm, then the calculation result is... The unit is also mm; dust and water vapor error middle, The unit is mg / m³. The unit is %, and the coefficient is calibrated experimentally. The unit is mm⁻¹・m³ / mg・%⁻¹, so that the calculation results The unit is also mm; vibration tilt error middle, If the value is dimensionless, then the calculation result is... The unit is also mm; surface defect error middle, and The unit is mm. If the value is dimensionless, then the calculation result is... The unit is also mm; ellipticity error middle, and If the unit is mm, then the calculation result is... The unit is also mm; bending error middle, , , If all three are in mm, then the calculation result... The unit is also mm.

[0021] An ultrasonic probe is installed on the mounting plate 7 at the position corresponding to the laser scanner 9, and an automatic coupling agent application device (such as a micro pump and nozzle) is installed to automatically spray coupling agent in the contact area between the probe and the pipe pile before ultrasonic testing. A calibration test was conducted on a defect-free standard pipe pile. The received ultrasonic data was preprocessed to remove outliers and obtain a preset reference wave velocity range. and reference amplitude threshold Based on the measured propagation duration and the propagation path length of ultrasonic waves in pipe piles Calculate the real-time propagation speed of ultrasound. ,like If the signal is positive, it is determined that there are cavities or cracks inside the pipe pile; and the amplitude attenuation value of the current ultrasonic signal is obtained based on the amplitude ratio of the transmitted signal to the received signal. ,like If so, it is determined that there is a defect inside the pipe pile; Assuming the defect is a spherical cavity (simplified model, cracks can be equivalent to flat cavities), the equivalent path length of ultrasonic waves propagating around the defect is... With the diameter of the defect satisfy: Path correction factor Based on experimental calibration, spherical defects are taken Amplitude attenuation With defect area Linear relationship: , The amplitude attenuation value and attenuation coefficient of a defect-free standard pipe pile. The volume of the defect is determined by standard pipe pile experiments. ; The total volume corresponding to all detected defects Perform calculations and compare with a preset volume threshold. If a comparison is made, If the test results are negative, the test pile is determined to be unusable, an internal defect signal is generated, and the internal defect signal is transmitted to the execution module. After receiving the internal defect signal, the execution module emits a buzzer warning through the buzzer inside the intelligent control component and displays "Defective part, internal defect" on the display screen of the laser scanner 9, so that the staff can place the defective part separately.

[0022] Working principle: When using this invention, firstly, the device is powered on, then the pipe pile 16 is placed on the rotating roller 13 of the rotating mechanism on the two bases 3. The second motor 14 is started, and its output transmission wheel rotates, driving the rotating roller 13 to rotate through the transmission belt 15. This achieves the initial placement of the pipe pile 16 above the turntable and establishes a rotatable foundation, preparing for the circumferential adjustment of the pipe pile 16 during testing. Then, the first motor 4 is started, driving the lead screw 5 to rotate. Because the mounting block 6 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 5, the mounting block 6 moves along the sliding groove on the bottom surface of the mounting rod 2, thereby driving the L-shaped mounting plate 7 and the distance measuring mechanism below to move synchronously, adjusting the detection position of the distance measuring mechanism in the axial (length direction) direction of the pipe pile 16. In order to perform dimensional inspection on different axial positions of the pipe pile 16; then, the electric actuator 8 is activated, and its telescopic end pushes the laser scanner 9 to slide along the T-slot of the mounting plate 7, adjusting the detection position of the laser scanner 9 in the radial (diameter direction) direction of the pipe pile 16. Before the laser performs dimensional inspection, it performs a self-inspection operation. After the self-inspection operation is completed, the laser emission port 10 emits a laser, which is reflected after encountering the pipe pile 16. The laser sensor 12 in the sensing base 11 receives the reflected laser. Based on the time difference between laser emission and reception, optical path, etc., combined with the distribution position of the laser sensor 12, the dimensional data of the pipe pile 16 corresponding to the detection position is calculated, so as to achieve accurate detection of the dimensions of the pipe pile 16. During the inspection process, the second motor 14 can be restarted, which drives the rotating roller 13 to rotate via the transmission belt 15, causing the pipe pile 16 to rotate above the turntable. This changes the circumferential position of the pipe pile 16, allowing the ranging mechanism to perform dimensional inspections of the pipe pile 16 at different circumferential angles. The moving mechanism and the ranging mechanism work together to continuously adjust the inspection position. The ranging mechanism continuously collects data to achieve comprehensive and accurate inspection of the overall dimensions of the pipe pile 16. The inspection data is transmitted to the control system in real time for processing, recording, and analysis. After the inspection is completed, all mechanisms are reset, ready to inspect the next pipe pile 16.

[0023] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-based device for detecting the dimensions of concrete pipe piles, comprising two mounting frames (1), two mounting rods (2) mounted on both sides of the top of the two mounting frames (1), and two bases (3) mounted between the two mounting frames (1), characterized in that: A moving mechanism is installed on the mounting rod (2), a distance measuring mechanism is installed below the moving mechanism, a rotating mechanism is installed on the base (3), and pipe piles (16) are installed on the two sets of rotating mechanisms. The control box of the detection device is equipped with an intelligent control component, which includes an analysis module; The analysis module analyzes the rotation angle data transmitted from the acquisition module, determines rotational anomalies during the size detection process, analyzes the causes of the anomalies, generates a size anomaly signal based on the size of the anomaly area, and transmits the size anomaly signal and the corresponding anomaly marker number to the execution module; it also analyzes the light intensity, ambient humidity, and dust concentration data transmitted from the acquisition module, determines the resulting detection errors, and adjusts the anomaly judgment range based on the calculated detection errors.

2. The concrete pipe pile size detection device using laser detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism includes two first motors (4) installed at the far ends of two mounting rods (2). The output end of the first motor (4) is equipped with a lead screw (5) through a coupling. The lead screw (5) is threadedly connected to a mounting block (6). The lower end of the mounting block (6) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped mounting plate (7).

3. The concrete pipe pile size detection device using laser detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lead screw (5) is rotatably installed inside the mounting rod (2), and the bottom surface of the mounting rod (2) is provided with a sliding groove that moves in conjunction with the mounting block (6).

4. The concrete pipe pile size detection device using laser detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ranging mechanism includes a laser scanner (9) slidably mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate (7) and an electric push rod (8) mounted on the side of the mounting plate (7). The bottom surface of the laser scanner (9) is equipped with a laser emission port (10), and the other side of the laser scanner (9) is equipped with a sensing base (11). Multiple laser sensors (12) are equidistantly mounted on the inner side of the sensing base (11).

5. A laser-based concrete pipe pile dimension detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The telescopic end of the electric push rod (8) is connected to one side of the laser scanner (9), and a T-shaped block is fixed to the upper end of the laser scanner (9). A T-shaped groove is provided on the mounting plate (7) to cooperate with the sliding of the T-shaped block.

6. The concrete pipe pile size detection device using laser detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism includes a turntable mounted on the top surface of the base (3) and a second motor (14) located on one side of the turntable. Two rollers (13) are rotatably mounted on the upper end of the turntable. One of the rollers (13) has a drive wheel mounted on one end of its shaft and the output end of the second motor (14). A drive belt (15) is sleeved on the outer side of the two drive wheels.

7. A laser-based concrete pipe pile dimension detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis module performs the following steps to analyze rotational anomalies: S1: The rotation angle data of the rotating roller (13) and the pipe pile (16) are detected respectively to obtain the rotation angle of the rotating roller (13). Rotation angle with pipe pile (16) The ratio between ,Right now ;like If the transmission between the roller (13) and the pipe pile (16) is abnormal, the cause of the abnormality will be analyzed. S2: Retrieve the real-time monitored rotational angular velocity data of both devices within a set time interval from the current time point, and calculate the average of the real-time monitored rotational angular velocity data within the set time interval. If the average of the real-time monitored rotational angular velocity data of the rotating roller (13) is... If the transmission abnormality is determined to be caused by the abnormal rotation of the roller (13), a roller warning signal is generated and transmitted to the execution module; if the average value of the real-time monitoring rotational angular velocity data of the pipe pile (16) is... If the transmission abnormality is determined to be caused by the abnormal rotation of the pipe pile (16), the cause of the abnormal rotation of the pipe pile (16) will be analyzed. S3: Retrieve the dimensional inspection data of the pipe pile (16) and according to the rotation angle Time required to complete one lap Divide the dimensional inspection data into time segments and average the dimensional inspection data within each time segment. The calculation, and the mean obtained. The differences between the data and other size detection data within the corresponding time segment are recorded, and data with differences exceeding a preset difference threshold are marked as anomalies. The detection time points corresponding to the anomaly marks are then recorded. To acquire, if the detection time point If there are also abnormal markers within the range, it is determined that the dimensions of the pipe pile (16) are abnormal; Conversely, if the abnormality is not detected, it is determined to be due to fluctuations in the detection.

8. A laser-based concrete pipe pile dimension detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The analysis module performs the following steps to analyze the size of abnormal areas: Q1: Taking the center of the laser point as the base point and the interval between adjacent detection times as the time, the displacement of the laser point on the outside of the pipe pile (16) within a detection time point is calculated based on the rotational angular velocity data of the pipe pile (16). Half of the displacement is used to construct a square shape with the base point as the center. The surface of the pipe pile (16) is divided according to the constructed square image. The square shape after division is numbered according to the number of shapes at one end of the pipe pile (16) and the clockwise number of shapes at the position mark. Q2: Calculate the number of adjacent outlier markers and the size of the outlier area. Equals the number of anomaly markers multiplied by the area of ​​the square image; preset anomaly area threshold. ,like If so, a size anomaly signal is generated, and the size anomaly signal and the corresponding anomaly marker number are passed to the execution module.

9. A laser-based concrete pipe pile dimension detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis module performs the following steps to analyze detection errors: K1: Detection size error caused by interfering light. , The light interference coefficient is related to the ambient light intensity. and These are the interference light intensity and the laser emission intensity, respectively. The laser propagation distance; the measurement size error caused by dust and moisture. , Environmental degradation coefficient, Dust concentration, The relative humidity of the environment; the measurement size error caused by vibration and tilt. , The angle between the laser scanning direction and the radial direction of the pipe pile (16); K2: Measurement dimensional error caused by protrusions and depressions , and These represent the maximum depth of surface protrusions or depressions. The laser incident angle; the measurement size error caused by ellipticity. , and These are the diameters of the major and minor axes of the pipe pile section, respectively; dimensional errors caused by bending. , This represents the maximum bending deflection of the pipe pile. For the length of the pipe pile, This is the distance from the testing point to one end of the pipe pile; K3: Total error in the dimensional inspection of pipe pile (16) ;according to Set the deviation range of the measured dimensional data as follows: For the measured dimensional data that is within the deviation range, no abnormality marking is performed.

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