Unsteady state heat and humidity coupling environment regulation and control test system for underground cavern

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an underground cavern unsteady state heat and humidity coupling environment regulation and control test system, which comprises a cavern body structure unit, which comprises a rock surrounding layer and an internal enclosure structure layer, and the enclosure structure layer comprises a moisture-proof layer, a concrete layer, a heat preservation layer, an air interlayer and a light partition wall which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; the environment simulation unit comprises a constant-temperature and constant-humidity air conditioning unit, an electric heater and axial flow fans, an air supply port and an air return port of the constant-temperature and constant-humidity air conditioning unit are respectively communicated with the hole body structure, the electric heater is arranged in the hole body structure, and the axial flow fans are arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the hole body structure; the multi-dimensional monitoring unit comprises an air parameter monitoring unit, a structure parameter monitoring unit and an equipment parameter monitoring unit; and the data processing unit is connected with the environment simulation unit and the multi-dimensional monitoring unit, and is used for receiving the monitoring data and comparing and analyzing the monitoring data with a calculation result of a preset simulation model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This document relates to the field of thermal and humidity environment control technology, and in particular to an experimental system for controlling unsteady thermal and humidity coupled environment in underground caverns. Background Technology

[0002] Deeply buried underground cavern projects often face complex environments with high ground temperature and high humidity. The control of their thermal and humidity environment is a core challenge to ensure safe operation and energy conservation. The heat and humidity transfer process in these projects has significant unsteady-state characteristics, involving the thermal and humidity coupling between the surrounding rock and the retaining structure, the migration of residual heat and humidity during construction, and the dynamic control of the air conditioning system, among other factors. Traditional simplified models are insufficient to accurately depict the actual working conditions.

[0003] In existing technologies, research on the thermal and humid environment of underground caverns mostly relies on numerical simulations or small-scale physical experiments, which has the following limitations:

[0004] 1. The test scenario is out of touch with reality: Most tests use small simulation chambers, which make it difficult to reproduce the real geological conditions of deep-buried caverns and the layered structure of large retaining structures, resulting in limited guiding value of the test results for engineering practice;

[0005] 2. Limited control methods: Existing environmental control equipment mainly targets single parameters such as temperature or humidity, which cannot achieve dynamic control of heat and humidity coupling, and it is difficult to simulate the impact of different air conditioning unit performance and ventilation strategies on the cavern environment;

[0006] 3. Insufficient monitoring dimensions: Traditional monitoring focuses on the temperature and humidity of the cavern air, lacking the synchronous collection of thermal and humidity parameters inside the envelope structure and equipment operating parameters, and cannot fully reflect the heat and humidity transfer mechanism.

[0007] 4. Inadequate verification system: There is insufficient comparative analysis between experimental data and theoretical models, especially a lack of verification of heat and moisture transfer laws under unsteady conditions, which makes it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of numerical models.

[0008] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to construct an experimental system that can realistically simulate the complex environment of deeply buried underground caverns, achieve multi-condition control, and possess multi-dimensional parameter monitoring and data verification functions, providing a reliable experimental platform for the research and optimization of thermal and humidity environment control technology for underground caverns. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This specification provides one or more embodiments of a test system for controlling an unsteady thermal and humidity coupled environment in an underground cavern, comprising:

[0010] The cave structure unit consists of a surrounding rock layer and an internal retaining structure layer. The retaining structure layer includes, from the outside to the inside, a moisture-proof layer, a concrete layer, a thermal insulation layer, an air gap, and a lightweight partition wall.

[0011] The environmental simulation unit includes a constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit, an electric heater, and an axial flow fan. The air supply and return air outlets of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit are respectively connected to the cave structure. The electric heater is installed inside the cave structure, and the axial flow fan is installed at the entrance and exit of the cave structure.

[0012] The multi-dimensional monitoring unit includes an air parameter monitoring unit installed inside the cave structure, a structural parameter monitoring unit installed on the surface and inside the layered enclosure structure, and an equipment parameter monitoring unit installed in the environmental control module.

[0013] The data processing unit connects the environmental simulation unit and the multidimensional monitoring unit. It is used to receive monitoring data and compare and analyze the monitoring data with the calculation results of the preset simulation model.

[0014] Furthermore, the cave structure unit is located in an underground space with a burial depth greater than 10m, a net height greater than 2m, and a controlled area that is less affected by the outdoor environment; the enclosure structure layer adopts a modular design, and the insulation layer and lightweight partition wall can be disassembled and replaced to simulate two structural forms: wall-mounted or wall-detached covering.

[0015] Furthermore, the temperature control range of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit is 18-30℃ with an accuracy of ±1℃; the humidity control range is 30-70% with an accuracy of ±5%; the electric heater has a power of 2.0kW and is equipped with a fan to improve the uniformity of air heat distribution; the rated air volume of the axial flow fan is not less than 11000m³ / h. 3 / h.

[0016] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional monitoring unit includes a distributed sensor network:

[0017] Temperature gradient probes and moisture content sensors are embedded radially within the surrounding rock layer and concrete layer;

[0018] Surface temperature and humidity sensors are arranged on both sides of the air jacket.

[0019] Multiple temperature and humidity monitoring instruments are installed in the air zone of the cavern, with a sampling frequency of ≥1Hz.

[0020] Furthermore, the air parameter monitoring unit is used to collect the temperature, relative humidity and moisture content of the air inside the cave. The air zone of the cave is set with three air temperature and humidity monitoring sections evenly arranged in the axial direction along the entrance side door of the cave structure. Each monitoring section is equipped with three temperature and humidity monitoring instruments at different heights.

[0021] Furthermore, the structural parameter monitoring unit is used to collect the temperature and moisture content of each layer of the structure. The structural parameter monitoring unit includes: a K-type thermocouple embedded in the surrounding rock to measure the temperature of the surrounding rock at different depths; a surface humidity detector embedded on the surface of the surrounding rock to measure the surface humidity of the surrounding rock; and temperature and humidity sensors deployed in the lightweight partition wall, air gap, insulation layer and concrete layer.

[0022] Furthermore, the equipment parameter monitoring unit includes: an air volume hood and a temperature and humidity sensor installed at the air inlet and outlet of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit for measuring the air volume, inlet and outlet air temperature and humidity; a power meter installed at the electric heater for monitoring the heating power; and an anemometer installed at the axial flow fan for measuring the ventilation volume.

[0023] Furthermore, the data processing module includes a data acquisition instrument and a computer terminal. The data acquisition instrument is used to receive the monitoring data from the multi-dimensional monitoring module in real time, with a sampling frequency of 1 minute / time. The computer terminal has a built-in data comparison and analysis module, which is used to verify the deviation between the measured data and the simulation results of the surrounding rock unsteady heat dissipation disturbance effect calculation and analysis software. The deviation verification includes temperature deviation and air conditioning load deviation.

[0024] Furthermore, the system also includes a waste heat and moisture simulation module. This module simulates the cement hydration heat and residual water migration effects during the construction phase by pre-setting temperature and volumetric moisture content values ​​on the concrete layer. Specifically, the temperature pre-set value is 1°C, and the volumetric moisture content pre-set value is 9.38 kg / m³. 3 .

[0025] Furthermore, the system also includes a safety protection module to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment during the test, including a ventilation system and an emergency stop device.

[0026] By employing embodiments of the present invention, actual underground spaces meeting specific conditions are selected as test chambers, coupled with replaceable layered retaining structures, which can realistically simulate different engineering construction forms and improve the consistency between test results and actual engineering. Through the collaborative work of multi-dimensional monitoring units, multi-dimensional parameters of air, retaining structures, and equipment can be collected simultaneously, comprehensively capturing unsteady heat and moisture transfer processes. The environmental simulation unit supports multi-condition testing, and the data processing unit can compare and verify measured and simulated results, providing a basis for related software optimization. The modular design allows the system to flexibly adjust the parameters of the retaining structure and equipment to adapt to diverse research needs. At the same time, the integrated waste heat and moisture simulation function is conducive to improving the environmental protection capabilities and energy-saving levels of underground engineering.

[0027] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification or in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an underground cavern unsteady-state thermo-humidity coupling environment control test system provided for one or more embodiments of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this specification, and not all of the embodiments. Based on one or more embodiments of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this document.

[0031] System Implementation Examples

[0032] According to embodiments of the present invention, a test system for controlling the unsteady thermal and humidity coupling environment of an underground cavern is provided. Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of an underground cavern unsteady-state thermo-humidity coupling environment control test system provided in one or more embodiments of this specification, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the underground cavern unsteady-state thermo-humidity coupling environment control test system according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:

[0033] The cave structure unit 10 consists of a surrounding rock layer and an internal retaining structure layer. The retaining structure layer includes, from the outside to the inside, a moisture-proof layer, a concrete layer, a thermal insulation layer, an air gap, and a lightweight partition wall.

[0034] The cave structure unit is located in an underground space with a burial depth greater than 10m, a net height greater than 2m, and a controlled area that is less affected by the outdoor environment. The retaining structure layer adopts a modular design, and the insulation layer and lightweight partition wall can be disassembled and replaced. By installing or disassembling the lightweight partition wall and insulation layer during the construction stage, two structural forms, namely, wall-mounted covering and wall-detached covering, can be simulated. Wall-mounted covering means that there are no lightweight partition walls or air gaps before construction, while wall-detached covering means that there is a complete layered structure after construction.

[0035] The environmental simulation unit 20 includes a constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit, an electric heater, and an axial flow fan. The air supply and return air outlets of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit are respectively connected to the cave structure. The electric heater is installed inside the cave structure, and the axial flow fan is installed at the entrance and exit of the cave structure.

[0036] The temperature control range of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit is 18-30℃ with an accuracy of ±1℃; the humidity control range is 30-70% with an accuracy of ±5%; the electric heater has a power of 2.0kW and is equipped with a fan to improve the uniformity of air heat distribution; the rated air volume of the axial flow fan is not less than 11000m³ / h. 3 / h.

[0037] The air supply and return vents of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit are connected to the cave structure to form a circulating air duct, allowing the regulated air to circulate evenly within the cave. Its temperature control range is 18-30℃ with an accuracy of ±1℃, accurately simulating temperature environments under different seasons or specific working conditions. The humidity control range is 30-70% with an accuracy of ±5%, effectively simulating humid or relatively dry conditions to meet the humidity requirements of different research projects. The constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit integrates multiple functions such as cooling, dehumidification, humidification, heating, and air supply. Through a complex internal control system, based on set parameters and real-time monitoring data, it intelligently coordinates the operation of each functional module to ensure stable temperature and humidity within the set range.

[0038] The electric heater is installed inside the cave structure with a power of 2.0kW. A fan is also provided to improve the uniformity of air heat distribution. When the fan is running, it can accelerate air circulation and allow the heat generated by the electric heater to spread rapidly into the surrounding air, avoiding local overheating or overcooling. This promotes a more uniform temperature distribution in both the horizontal and vertical directions inside the cave, creating a stable and uniform thermal environment for the experiment.

[0039] Axial flow fans are installed at the entrance and exit of the tunnel structure, with a rated air volume of not less than 11,000 m³ / h. 3 / h is used to enhance the circulation of air inside and outside the cave, simulate environmental conditions under different ventilation conditions. When rapid air exchange or simulation of strong ventilation conditions are required, the axial flow fan operates efficiently to expel the old air inside the cave and introduce fresh air from the outside. At the same time, it can also assist the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit to allow the regulated air to cover the entire cave space more quickly and comprehensively, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of environmental control.

[0040] The multi-dimensional monitoring unit 30 includes an air parameter monitoring unit installed inside the cave structure, a structural parameter monitoring unit installed on the surface and inside the layered enclosure structure, and an equipment parameter monitoring unit installed in the environmental control module.

[0041] The multi-dimensional monitoring unit includes a distributed sensor network: temperature gradient probes and moisture content sensors are radially embedded within the surrounding rock layer and concrete layer; surface temperature and humidity sensors are arranged on both sides of the air interlayer; and multi-point temperature and humidity monitors are installed in the cavern air zone, with a sampling frequency ≥1Hz. Based on the distributed sensor network:

[0042] The air parameter monitoring unit is used to collect the temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content of the air inside the cave. Three air temperature and humidity monitoring sections are evenly arranged axially along the entrance side doorway of the cave structure to reflect the differences in air conditions at different axial locations within the cave. Each monitoring section is equipped with three temperature and humidity monitors at different heights, accurately collecting temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content data from a lower position near the ground to the middle of the cave and relatively higher positions. Through the coordinated operation of these monitors distributed at different locations and heights, the potential temperature gradients, humidity differences, and moisture content changes in the vertical and horizontal directions of the air inside the cave can be effectively captured.

[0043] The structural parameter monitoring unit is used to collect the temperature and moisture content of each layer of the structure. The unit includes: a K-type thermocouple embedded in the surrounding rock to measure the temperature at different depths; a surface humidity detector embedded on the surface of the surrounding rock to measure the surface humidity; and temperature and humidity sensors deployed in the lightweight partition wall, air gap, insulation layer, and concrete layer. Specifically, temperature gradient probes and moisture content sensors are radially embedded in the surrounding rock and concrete layers to acquire temperature changes and moisture content at different depths within these two structural layers, reflecting the heat and moisture transfer process within the structure. Surface temperature and humidity sensors arranged on both sides of the air gap measure the temperature and humidity at the contact points between the air and the walls, which is significant for analyzing the heat and moisture buffering and isolation effects of the air gap. Through the comprehensive deployment of these sensors, the parameter changes of each layer of the layered enclosure structure under heat and moisture coupling can be clearly understood, allowing for an understanding of the influence mechanism of the enclosure structure on the thermal and moisture environment of the cavern.

[0044] The equipment parameter monitoring unit includes: airflow hoods and temperature and humidity sensors installed at the air inlet and outlet of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit, and an anemometer installed on the axial flow fan. The airflow hoods are used to accurately measure the airflow volume to understand the flow rate of air supplied by the air conditioning unit to the cavern. The temperature and humidity sensors at the air inlet and outlet can monitor the temperature and humidity of the incoming and outgoing air in real time. By comparing these data, the effect of the air conditioning unit on the heat and humidity regulation of the air and the changes in heat and humidity during the entire circulation process can be evaluated. A power meter is installed at the electric heater to monitor the heating power in real time, which facilitates understanding the working status of the electric heater and the amount of heat it provides to the cavern. An anemometer is installed at the axial flow fan to measure the ventilation volume. By monitoring the ventilation volume, the working efficiency of the axial flow fan in enhancing the air circulation between the inside and outside of the cavern can be determined, and the degree of impact on the thermal and humidity environment of the cavern under different ventilation conditions can be clarified.

[0045] The data processing unit 40 is connected to the environmental simulation unit and the multidimensional monitoring unit. It is used to receive monitoring data and compare and analyze the monitoring data with the calculation results of the preset simulation model.

[0046] The data processing module 40 includes a data acquisition instrument and a computer terminal. The data acquisition instrument is used to receive various monitoring data from the multi-dimensional monitoring module in real time, including cavern air temperature and humidity, temperature and moisture content of each layer of the enclosure structure, air supply volume and power of air conditioning equipment, etc., with a sampling frequency of 1 minute / time. The computer terminal has a built-in data comparison and analysis module, which is used to verify the deviation between the measured data and the simulation results of the preset surrounding rock unsteady heat dissipation disturbance effect calculation and analysis software. The deviation verification includes temperature deviation and air conditioning load deviation. The temperature deviation requires that within two whole days after the single working condition stabilizes, the deviation between the indoor air temperature value calculated by the software and the experimental measured temperature value is less than 2℃. The deviation between the software calculated data and the experimental measured load data for air conditioning load deviation needs to be controlled within ±20%.

[0047] Through the above data processing flow, this unit can effectively verify the accuracy of the numerical model, provide experimental basis for software optimization and upgrading, and reveal the heat and moisture transfer mechanism and environmental control law of underground caverns, supporting the optimization of engineering design and operation and maintenance strategies.

[0048] The system also includes a waste heat and moisture simulation module. This module uses a parameter addition method, which simulates the cement hydration heat and residual water migration effect during construction by pre-setting temperature and volumetric moisture content addition values ​​on the concrete layer. Specifically, the temperature addition value is 1℃, and the volumetric moisture content addition value is 9.38 kg / m³. 3In setting the initial temperature field of the concrete layer, the local annual average air temperature is used as the benchmark, with an additional temperature value of 1℃ added to effectively reflect the heat of hydration and the residual heat effect generated by mechanical operations; in setting the humidity field, the benchmark value of the volumetric water content of the surrounding rock area (e.g., 9.10 kg / m³) is used. 3 Based on this, apply 9.38 kg / m 3 The volumetric moisture content is increased by 5%, corresponding to a 5% increase in relative humidity, thereby quantifying the impact of residual construction water on moisture transfer.

[0049] The system also includes a safety protection module to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment during the test, including a ventilation system and an emergency stop device.

[0050] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0051] By employing embodiments of the present invention, actual underground spaces meeting specific conditions are selected as test chambers, coupled with replaceable layered retaining structures, which can realistically simulate different engineering construction forms and improve the consistency between test results and actual engineering. Through the collaborative work of multi-dimensional monitoring units, multi-dimensional parameters of air, retaining structures, and equipment can be collected simultaneously, comprehensively capturing unsteady heat and moisture transfer processes. The environmental simulation unit supports multi-condition testing, and the data processing unit can compare and verify measured and simulated results, providing a basis for related software optimization. The modular design allows the system to flexibly adjust the parameters of the retaining structure and equipment to adapt to diverse research needs. At the same time, the integrated waste heat and moisture simulation function is conducive to improving the environmental protection capabilities and energy-saving levels of underground engineering.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test system for controlling the unsteady thermal and humidity coupling environment of an underground cavern, characterized in that, include: The cave structure unit consists of a surrounding rock layer and an internal retaining structure layer. The retaining structure layer includes, from the outside to the inside, a moisture-proof layer, a concrete layer, a thermal insulation layer, an air gap, and a lightweight partition wall. The environmental simulation unit includes a constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit, an electric heater, and an axial flow fan. The air supply and return air outlets of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit are respectively connected to the cave structure. The electric heater is installed inside the cave structure, and the axial flow fan is installed at the entrance and exit of the cave structure. The multi-dimensional monitoring unit includes an air parameter monitoring unit installed inside the cave structure, a structural parameter monitoring unit installed on the surface and inside the layered enclosure structure, and an equipment parameter monitoring unit installed in the environmental control module. The data processing unit connects the environmental simulation unit and the multidimensional monitoring unit. It is used to receive monitoring data and compare and analyze the monitoring data with the calculation results of the preset simulation model.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cave structure unit is located in an underground space with a burial depth greater than 10m, a net height greater than 2m, and a controlled area that is less affected by the outdoor environment; the enclosure structure layer adopts a modular design, and the insulation layer and lightweight partition wall can be disassembled and replaced to simulate two structural forms: wall-mounted or wall-detached covering.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control range of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit is 18-30℃ with an accuracy of ±1℃; the humidity control range is 30-70% with an accuracy of ±5%; the electric heater has a power of 2.0kW and is equipped with a fan to improve the uniformity of air heat distribution; the rated air volume of the axial flow fan is not less than 11000m³ / h. 3 / h.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional monitoring unit includes a distributed sensor network: Temperature gradient probes and moisture content sensors are embedded radially within the surrounding rock layer and concrete layer; Surface temperature and humidity sensors are arranged on both sides of the air jacket. Multiple temperature and humidity monitoring instruments are installed in the air zone of the cavern, with a sampling frequency of ≥1Hz.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air parameter monitoring unit is used to collect the temperature, relative humidity and moisture content of the air in the cave. The air zone of the cave is set with three air temperature and humidity monitoring sections evenly arranged in the axial direction along the entrance side door of the cave structure. Each monitoring section is equipped with three temperature and humidity monitoring instruments at different heights.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The structural parameter monitoring unit is used to collect the temperature and moisture content of each layer of the structure. The structural parameter monitoring unit includes: a K-type thermocouple embedded in the surrounding rock to measure the temperature of the surrounding rock at different depths; a surface humidity detector embedded on the surface of the surrounding rock to measure the surface humidity of the surrounding rock; and temperature and humidity sensors deployed in the lightweight partition wall, air gap, insulation layer and concrete layer.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equipment parameter monitoring unit includes: an air volume hood and temperature and humidity sensors installed at the air inlet and outlet of the constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit for measuring the air volume, inlet and outlet air temperature and humidity; a power meter installed at the electric heater for monitoring the heating power; and an anemometer installed at the axial flow fan for measuring the ventilation volume.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module includes a data acquisition instrument and a computer terminal. The data acquisition instrument is used to receive the monitoring data of the multi-dimensional monitoring module in real time, with a sampling frequency of 1 minute / time. The computer terminal has a built-in data comparison and analysis module, which is used to verify the deviation between the measured data and the simulation results of the surrounding rock unsteady heat dissipation disturbance effect calculation and analysis software. The deviation verification includes temperature deviation and air conditioning load deviation.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a waste heat and moisture simulation module. This module simulates the cement hydration heat and residual water migration effects during construction by pre-setting temperature and volumetric moisture content values ​​on the concrete layer. Specifically, the temperature pre-set value is 1°C, and the volumetric moisture content pre-set value is 9.38 kg / m³. 3 .

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a safety protection module to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment during the test, including a ventilation system and an emergency stop device.

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