Hermetia illucens breeding method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise blending

Abstract

The invention discloses a hermetia illucens breeding method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise blending, and belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization. The hermetia illucens breeding method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise blending comprises the following steps: (1) manure classification and primary treatment; (2) carrying out optimized inoculation with a complex microbial inoculant; (3) nutrition enhancement; (4) breeding hermetia illucens. The invention provides a new technical path for high-value utilization of livestock and poultry manure, and has important significance for promoting circular agriculture development.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of livestock manure resource utilization, more specifically, it relates to a black soldier fly breeding method based on livestock manure pretreatment and precise deployment. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of large-scale livestock breeding in China, livestock manure treatment has become an urgent environmental problem. At present, traditional treatment methods such as composting and biogas fermentation are mainly used, but these methods generally have the defects of long cycle, high cost, and low resource utilization rate. For example, the nitrogen loss in the composting process is as high as 30-50%, and the biogas engineering is restricted by temperature and has high investment cost. More seriously, the heavy metals and antibiotics remaining in the manure may harm the ecological environment and human health through the food chain.

[0003] Under this background, black soldier fly breeding technology has become a research hotspot due to its efficient and environmentally friendly characteristics. Black soldier fly larvae can quickly convert organic waste, and their body protein content can reach more than 40%, which is a high-quality feed protein source. However, existing technologies face many challenges in practical application: the physicochemical properties of different types of livestock manure are significantly different, direct breeding results are unstable; antibiotics and heavy metals in manure may affect feed safety through biological enrichment; lack of precise environmental control methods leads to low conversion efficiency. These problems seriously restrict the large-scale application of this technology.

[0004] In view of the above technical bottlenecks, it is urgent to develop a systematic manure pretreatment and precise deployment method. The ideal solution should achieve three goals: first, reduce harmful substance residues through microbial pretreatment; second, precisely control the physicochemical properties of manure according to the nutritional needs of black soldier fly; third, establish an intelligent breeding environment control system. This will provide a new technical path for the high-value utilization of livestock manure and has important significance for promoting the development of circular agriculture.

[0005] Based on this, the present application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a black soldier fly breeding method based on livestock manure pretreatment and precise deployment to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide a new technical path for the high-value utilization of livestock manure, which has important significance for promoting the development of circular agriculture.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions: One of the technical solutions of the present application: a black soldier fly breeding method based on livestock manure pretreatment and precise deployment is provided, which includes the following steps: (1) Manure classification and primary treatment: classify and treat according to the source of livestock manure, then remove large particle impurities and bedding, and finally add biomass charcoal as an adsorbent; (2) Compound inoculation optimization: Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are inoculated in sequence, 72h fermentation treatment is carried out by using ladder type temperature control, and potassium persulfate is added at 24h of fermentation treatment; (3) Nutrient fortification: ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite and compound vitamins are added to the material after fermentation treatment to obtain pretreated livestock and poultry manure; (4) Black soldier fly breeding: the pretreated livestock and poultry manure is fed to the black soldier fly breeding box, and the black soldier fly breeding is realized by using a phased breeding mode.

[0008] Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure includes one or more of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure.

[0009] Preferably, the biomass charcoal particle size is 0.5-1mm; the mass of the biomass charcoal is 5-10% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure.

[0010] Preferably, the inoculation amount of the Bacillus subtilis is 1×10 6 ~1.5×10 6 CFU / g; the inoculation amount of the Lactobacillus plantarum is 4.5×10 5 ~5×10 5 CFU / g; and the inoculation amount of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×10 5 CFU / g.

[0011] Preferably, the ladder type temperature control includes: the first stage 0-24h: 30±1℃; the second stage 24-48h: 28±1℃; and the third stage 48-72h: 25±1℃.

[0012] Preferably, the mass of the potassium persulfate is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the fermentation product obtained at 24h of fermentation treatment.

[0013] Preferably, the fermentation treatment process further includes auxiliary intermittent ultrasonic treatment; and the parameter settings of the intermittent ultrasonic treatment include: frequency 30-40kHz, power 250-300W, each duration 10-12min, and interval time 2h.

[0014] Preferably, the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate is 50-100mg / kg; the addition amount of the zinc sulfate is 30-50mg / kg; the addition amount of the sodium selenite is 0.5-1mg / kg; the addition amount of the compound vitamins is 35-43mg / kg; and the compound vitamins are composed of VB1, VB2 and VE with a mass ratio of 2-3:1:4-6.

[0015] Preferably, the stage breeding mode comprises: during the larva stage of 1-7 days, feeding once every 8 hours, the thickness of the feed layer is 3-5 cm, and 0.1% of the complex enzyme preparation based on the mass of the pretreated livestock and poultry manure is added; during the adult stage of 8-15 days, feeding once every 6 hours, the thickness of the feed layer is 5-8 cm, and 0.05% of the phagostimulant based on the mass of the pretreated livestock and poultry manure is added.

[0016] Further, whether to continue feeding the black soldier fly after 15 days needs to be determined according to the breeding purpose and the development stage of the worm.

[0017] If the purpose is to harvest larvae, feeding is usually not needed after 15 days, and the black soldier fly larvae usually reach the optimal harvesting period (about 2 cm in length, 0.2-0.3 g per worm) at 15 days, at which time the protein content reaches a peak and the fat content is moderate, and if feeding is continued, the worm will enter the pre-pupa stage, stop feeding and start metabolic consumption, resulting in a decrease in nutritional value.

[0018] If the purpose is to breed adults, the feeding scheme needs to be adjusted: After 15 days into the pupation stage: 16-20 days (pupa stage), stop adding new feed, maintain a humidity of 60-70%, and only provide water (to prevent dehydration); Adult stage (after 21 days): change to feeding 5wt% sugar water + 0.1wt% pollen (to promote sexual maturity), daily feeding amount is reduced to 30% of that in the larva stage, and an oviposition substrate needs to be set; the oviposition substrate can be a mixture of rotten wood chips and wheat bran.

[0019] Preferably, the complex enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1; and the phagostimulant is composed of nucleotides and betaine in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0020] The present application discloses the following technical effects: 1. Significantly improving the conversion efficiency of manure: the present application can improve the degradation rate of manure organic matter by more than 40% through optimized complex inoculation (Bacillus subtilis + Lactobacillus plantarum + Saccharomyces cerevisiae) combined with stepwise temperature control. The technical principle is that Bacillus subtilis preferentially decomposes macromolecular organic matter (30℃ optimal temperature), Lactobacillus plantarum subsequently degrades medium molecular substances (28℃ optimal), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae finally utilizes small molecular sugars (25℃ optimal). This sequential action mode makes the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the manure reach 78%, 85% and 62% respectively, providing a more easily absorbed nutrient substrate for the black soldier fly.

[0021] Highly efficient removal of heavy metals and antibiotics: The addition of 0.1-0.2% potassium persulfate combined with intermittent ultrasonic treatment can achieve a removal rate of 90-92% for heavy metals (Cu, Zn, As) and a degradation rate of more than 95% for antibiotics. The mechanism of action is as follows: the ultrasonic cavitation effect (30-40 kHz) generates local high temperature and high pressure to promote the decomposition of potassium persulfate into persulfate radicals, which are strong oxidizing agents that can break the molecular structure of antibiotics (such as the β-lactam ring) and form insoluble sulfates with heavy metal ions. The mesoporous structure (pore size 2-50 nm) of the biomass charcoal (0.5-1 mm) further physically adsorbs and fixes the residual pollutants.

[0022] Significant improvement in the nutritional value of insects: The nutrient enrichment program stabilizes the protein content of black soldier fly larvae at 45±2%, and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) reaches 0.92. This is due to the following factors: ferrous sulfate (50-100 mg / kg) promotes hemoglobin synthesis, zinc sulfate (30-50 mg / kg) activates more than 200 enzyme systems, and sodium selenite (0.5-1 mg / kg) enhances antioxidant capacity through the glutathione peroxidase system. The VB1-VB2-VE complex (35-43 mg / kg, ratio 2-3:1:4-6) synergistically promotes energy metabolism and cell membrane stability.

[0023] Precise regulation of breeding efficiency: The stage breeding mode reduces the feed conversion rate (FCR) to 1.8-2.0, which is 35% higher than traditional methods. The technical principle is as follows: the addition of cellulase-xylanase (3:1) during the larval stage increases the feed digestibility by 28%, and the nucleotide-betaine feeding stimulant (1:2) during the adult stage stimulates the feeding center through the taste receptor (Gr43a) to increase the food intake by 15%. Intelligent temperature and humidity control (25-30°C, 60-80% RH) makes the larval growth rate reach 7.8 mg / h·larva, which is 2.3 times that in natural conditions.

[0024] Achieve controllable production throughout the cycle: The differential treatment scheme after 15 days of age allows the insect body harvesting time to be accurately controlled within ±6 hours. The biological basis is as follows: stopping feeding during the pre-pupa stage can induce the larvae to complete intestinal emptying within 48 hours (judged by detecting the contraction frequency of the Malpighian tube ≥5 times / min), while the sugar-water-pollen formula (5%+0.1%) can increase the number of eggs produced by adult insects to 800-1000 per female (the control group only produces 500-600 eggs), and the decayed wood bran-wheat bran substrate (porosity 65-70%) provides the best attachment surface for the eggs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application.

[0026] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. In addition, where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the upper and lower limit of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can independently be included or excluded in the range, and are also encompassed by the application, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included.

[0027] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe in full the methods and / or materials which are described herein. In case of conflict, the present specification will control.

[0028] Various modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the description and examples herein. The description and examples are illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0029] In this document, the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "have", "having", "contain", "containing", and the like are open-ended, that is, they mean "including but not limited to".

[0030] It should be noted that the present application does not describe in detail the conventional operation means in the art, and is not the focus of the present application.

[0031] The livestock and poultry manure used in the following examples of the present application is obtained from local farms.

[0032] Example 1: Full-process optimization group (complete adoption of technical scheme) 1. Technical scheme steps (1) Manure classification and primary treatment Raw materials: pig manure and chicken manure mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, total mass 100 kg.

[0033] Treatment: Remove large particle impurities and bedding by filtering with a 10 mesh screen. Add 8 kg (8% of the mass of the manure) of biomass charcoal with a particle size of 0.8 mm to the filtered manure and mix evenly.

[0034] (2) Optimal inoculation of compound microbial agent Inoculation of microbial agent: First step: inoculate Bacillus subtilis to make the concentration of live bacteria in the fecal pollution reach 1.2x10 6 CFU / g, and stir evenly; Second step: inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum after 2h to make the concentration of live bacteria in the fecal pollution reach 4.8x10 5 CFU / g, and stir evenly; Third step: inoculate Saccharomyces cerevisiae after another interval of 2h to make the concentration of live bacteria in the fecal pollution reach 1x10 5 CFU / g, and stir evenly.

[0035] Fermentation control: adopt ladder type temperature control, keep 30±1℃ in the first stage (0~24h), keep 28±1℃ in the second stage (24~48h), and keep 25±1℃ in the third stage (48~72h).

[0036] Auxiliary treatment: add 0.15% (relative to the mass of the material at this time) of potassium persulfate to the material after 24h of fermentation, and stir to dissolve; cooperate with intermittent ultrasonic treatment throughout the process, with parameters of frequency 35kHz, power 280W, each treatment 11min, and interval 2h.

[0037] (3) Nutrient fortification Add the following doses of nutrients to the fermented material, and stir evenly: Ferrous sulfate: 80mg / kg (based on the mass of the fermented material, the same below); Zinc sulfate: 40mg / kg; Sodium selenite: 0.8mg / kg; Compound vitamins (VB1:VB2:VE=2.5:1:5): 40mg / kg.

[0038] (4) Black soldier fly breeding Larval stage (1~7 days old): feed the pretreated fecal pollution to the breeding box, feed once every 8h, and control the thickness of the material layer to be 4cm; add 0.1% of the compound enzyme preparation (cellulase:xylanase=3:1) based on the mass of the fecal pollution each time of feeding.

[0039] Adult stage (8~15 days old): feed once every 6h, and control the thickness of the material layer to be 6cm; add 0.05% of the food attractant (nucleotide:betaine=1:2) based on the mass of the fecal pollution each time of feeding.

[0040] Harvest: harvest the larvae at 15 days old, and measure various indexes.

[0041] Technical scheme of control group 1 (traditional breeding group) (1) Fecal pollution treatment: the mixed raw material of pig feces+chicken feces in example 1 is filtered to remove impurities only with a 10 mesh screen, without adding biomass charcoal.

[0042] (2) Fermentation treatment: natural fermentation (without inoculation of compound microbial agent, room temperature 20-25°C), without addition of potassium persulfate and ultrasonic treatment, fermentation for 72 h.

[0043] (3) Nutrient enrichment: without addition of any mineral and compound vitamin.

[0044] (4) Black soldier fly breeding: 1-15 day-old daily feeding 2 times, with a layer thickness of 5 cm, without addition of enzyme preparation and food attractant; 15-day-old larvae were harvested.

[0045] Example 2: Compound microbial agent + temperature regulation optimization group (only step 2 is optimized) 1. Technical solution steps (1) Manure classification and primary treatment: same as example 1 (add 8% biomass charcoal).

[0046] (2) Compound microbial agent optimized inoculation: same as example 1 (compound microbial agent + step temperature + potassium persulfate + ultrasonic).

[0047] (3) Nutrient enrichment: without addition of mineral and compound vitamin.

[0048] (4) Black soldier fly breeding: same as control group 1 (daily feeding 2 times, without enzyme preparation and food attractant).

[0049] Control group 2 (single microbial agent constant temperature group) technical solution (1) Manure treatment: same as example 2.

[0050] (2) Fermentation treatment: only Bacillus subtilis (1.2 x 10 6 CFU / g) was inoculated, constant temperature 30°C fermentation for 72 h, without addition of potassium persulfate and ultrasonic treatment.

[0051] (3) Nutrient enrichment: same as example 2.

[0052] (4) Black soldier fly breeding: same as example 2.

[0053] Example 3: Nutrient enrichment + stage breeding optimization group (only steps 3-4 are optimized) 1. Technical solution steps (1) Manure classification and primary treatment: pig manure + chicken manure mixed raw materials, only impurities were filtered out, without addition of biomass charcoal.

[0054] (2) Fermentation treatment: only Bacillus subtilis (1.2 x 10 6 CFU / g) was inoculated, constant temperature 30°C fermentation for 72 h, without addition of potassium persulfate and ultrasonic treatment.

[0055] (3) Nutrient enrichment: same as example 1 (add ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, etc.).

[0056] (4) Black soldier fly breeding: same as example 1 (staged feeding + enzyme preparation + food attractant).

[0057] Control group 3 (no nutrient enrichment + unified breeding group) technical scheme (1) Manure treatment: same as example 3.

[0058] (2) Fermentation treatment: same as example 3.

[0059] (3) Nutrient enrichment: no addition of minerals and composite vitamins.

[0060] (4) Black soldier fly breeding: 1~15 day-old daily feeding 2 times, the thickness of the material layer is 5 cm, no enzyme preparation and food attractant.

[0061] Test method of each index: 1. Manure conversion efficiency Organic matter degradation rate: potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method.

[0062] Principle: Under the condition of heating, the organic matter in the manure is oxidized by excessive potassium dichromate, and the remaining potassium dichromate is titrated by ferrous sulfate. The content of organic matter is calculated by the amount of consumption.

[0063] Steps: The organic matter content of the material before and after fermentation is measured, and the degradation rate is calculated according to the formula: Organic matter degradation rate (%) = (organic matter content before fermentation-organic matter content after fermentation) / organic matter content before fermentation x 100%.

[0064] Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degradation rate: Van Soest washing fiber analysis method.

[0065] Principle: Neutral detergent is used to separate neutral detergent fiber (NDF, containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), and acid detergent is used to separate acid detergent fiber (ADF, containing cellulose and lignin). After dissolving cellulose with 72% sulfuric acid, the remaining lignin is calculated by difference method.

[0066] Steps: The contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin before and after fermentation are measured, and the degradation rate is calculated according to the above formula.

[0067] Heavy metal and antibiotic removal rate Cu, Zn and As content: atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).

[0068] Principle: After the sample is digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid, the measured element absorbs characteristic light at a specific wavelength, and the absorbance is proportional to the concentration.

[0069] Step: Determine the concentration of heavy metals in the sample before and after fermentation, and calculate the removal rate according to the formula: Removal rate (%) = (concentration before fermentation - concentration after fermentation) / concentration before fermentation x 100%.

[0070] Antibiotic degradation rate: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used.

[0071] Principle: After the sample is purified by solid phase extraction, the antibiotics are separated by chromatographic column and quantified by ultraviolet detector.

[0072] Step: Determine the residual amount of tetracycline antibiotics before and after fermentation, and calculate according to the above removal rate formula.

[0073] Nutritional value of insect body Protein content: Kjeldahl method was used.

[0074] Principle: The sample is digested and converted into ammonium salt, which is absorbed by boric acid after distillation, and the nitrogen content is calculated by hydrochloric acid titration, multiplied by the protein conversion factor (6.25).

[0075] Essential amino acid index (EAAI): Step: Determine the essential amino acid composition of the insect body with an amino acid analyzer, compare it with the ideal protein pattern recommended by FAO / WHO, and calculate according to the formula: EAAI = √[(A1 / S1) x (A2 / S2) x … x (An / Sn)] x 100 (A is the amino acid content of the insect body, S is the corresponding amino acid content in the ideal pattern, n is the number of essential amino acids).

[0076] Zn, Se content: same as heavy metal detection method (AAS).

[0077] Breeding efficiency Feed conversion rate (FCR): FCR = total food intake (g) / total weight gain (g) during the breeding period.

[0078] Larval growth rate: randomly take 30 larvae per day and weigh them, calculate the average weight, and calculate the growth rate according to the formula: growth rate (mg / h·larva) = (final average weight - initial average weight) / (total hours of breeding).

[0079] Adult feeding amount: record the feeding amount and remaining amount every day, and calculate the actual feeding amount.

[0080] Controllability of the whole cycle 15-day-old larval body length / weight uniformity: randomly take 100 larvae, measure the body length with a vernier caliper and the body weight with an electronic balance, and calculate the average value ± standard deviation.

[0081] Adult oviposition amount: single female adult was raised separately, and egg grains were collected and counted every day to calculate the total oviposition amount.

[0082] The detection results are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Detection index Example 1 Control group 1 Example 2 Control group 2 Example 3 Control group 3 Organic matter degradation rate (%) 58.6±2.3 34.2±1.8 52.1±2.0 31.5±1.5 35.8±1.6 34.0±1.7 Cellulose degradation rate (%) 78.2±3.1 42.5±2.5 75.6±2.8 40.2±2.3 43.1±2.4 41.8±2.6 Hemicellulose degradation rate (%) 85.3±2.7 48.6±2.2 82.5±2.5 45.3±2.0 49.2±2.1 47.5±2.3 Lignin degradation rate (%) 62.1±2.5 28.3±1.6 59.8±2.2 26.7±1.5 29.5±1.7 27.8±1.6 Cu removal rate (%) 91.5±1.2 32.6±1.0 90.2±1.1 30.8±0.9 33.5±1.0 32.0±0.9 Zn removal rate (%) 92.3±1.0 35.2±0.8 91.0±0.9 33.5±0.7 36.1±0.8 34.5±0.7 Antibiotic degradation rate (%) 96.8±0.5 38.5±0.6 95.2±0.4 36.2±0.5 39.2±0.5 37.8±0.6 Larval protein content (%) 45.2±1.8 34.8±1.5 36.5±1.6 33.2±1.4 44.7±1.7 35.1±1.6 Essential amino acid index (EAAI) 0.92±0.02 0.71±0.03 0.73±0.02 0.69±0.02 0.91±0.02 0.72±0.03 Feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.9±0.1 2.9±0.2 2.7±0.2 3.1±0.2 2.0±0.1 2.8±0.2 Larval growth rate (mg / h・larva) 7.8±0.3 3.4±0.2 3.6±0.2 3.2±0.2 7.6±0.3 3.5±0.2 Uniformity of body length of 15-day-old larvae (cm) 2.0±0.1 1.6±0.3 1.8±0.2 1.5±0.3 2.0±0.1 1.7±0.2 As shown in Table 1, the indicators of Example 1 (full process optimization) are all optimal, verifying the effectiveness of the synergistic effect of the technical scheme of "compound microbial agent + temperature regulation + nutrient enrichment + stage breeding". The improvement is significant in terms of manure degradation efficiency, heavy metal removal and nutritional value of insect bodies. Example 2 shows that only optimizing the compound microbial agent and temperature regulation can significantly improve the conversion efficiency of manure (65.4% higher than the control group 2), verifying the technical effect of the ladder type microbial flora and ultrasonic assistance. Example 3 shows that nutrient enrichment and stage breeding can significantly improve the nutritional value of insect bodies (protein increased by 27.3%) and the breeding efficiency (FCR reduced by 28.6%), verifying the effect of precision feeding.

[0084] Each of the embodiments in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0085] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to the embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for black soldier fly farming based on pretreatment and precise allocation of livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Manure classification and primary treatment: Manure is classified and treated according to its source, then large particulate impurities and bedding are removed, and finally biochar is added as an adsorbent. (2) Optimized inoculation of compound microbial agents: Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were inoculated in sequence, and fermentation was carried out for 72 hours using step temperature control. Potassium persulfate was added to the mixture after 24 hours of fermentation. (3) Nutritional fortification: Ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite and compound vitamins are added to the fermented material to obtain pretreated livestock and poultry manure; (4) Black soldier fly farming: The pretreated livestock and poultry manure is fed into the black soldier fly farming box, and black soldier fly farming is realized through a staged farming mode.

2. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry manure includes one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, and cow manure.

3. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biochar has a particle size of 0.5-1 mm; the mass of the biochar is 5-10% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure.

4. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 1×10⁻⁶. 6 ~1.5×10 6 CFU / g; the inoculum size of *Lactobacillus plantarum* was 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. 5 ~5×10 5 CFU / g; the inoculum size of the brewer's yeast is 1×10⁻⁶. 5 CFU / g.

5. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stepped temperature control includes: the first stage 0~24h: 30±1℃; the second stage 24~48h: 28±1℃; and the third stage 48~72h: 25±1℃.

6. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass of potassium persulfate is 0.1 to 0.2% of the mass of the fermentation product obtained after 24 hours of fermentation.

7. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation process also includes intermittent ultrasonic treatment; the parameters for the intermittent ultrasonic treatment include: frequency 30~40kHz, power 250~300W, duration of each treatment 10~12min, and interval 2h.

8. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dosage of ferrous sulfate is 50-100 mg / kg; the dosage of zinc sulfate is 30-50 mg / kg; the dosage of sodium selenite is 0.5-1 mg / kg; the dosage of the compound vitamin is 35-43 mg / kg; the compound vitamin is composed of VB1, VB2 and VE in a mass ratio of 2-3:1:4-6.

9. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The staged breeding model includes: during the larval stage (1-7 days old), feeding is carried out every 8 hours with a feed layer thickness of 3-5 cm, and a compound enzyme preparation accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the pretreated livestock and poultry manure is added; during the adult stage (8-15 days old), feeding is carried out every 6 hours with a feed layer thickness of 5-8 cm, and an attractant accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the pretreated livestock and poultry manure is added.

10. The black soldier fly farming method based on livestock and poultry manure pretreatment and precise allocation according to claim 9, characterized in that, The compound enzyme preparation consists of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1; the palatability enhancer consists of nucleotides and betaine in a mass ratio of 1:2.