Wire feeder and additive manufacturing head
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NANJING ENIGMA IND AUTOMATION TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
Smart Images
Figure CN121017943B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of additive manufacturing equipment, specifically to a wire feeder. Furthermore, this application also relates to an additive manufacturing head. Background Technology
[0002] Additive manufacturing is a technology that uses the energy contained in lasers or electric arcs to melt additive materials and attach them to the base material of a workpiece, or to gradually accumulate additive materials to process the workpiece. In a broad sense, additive manufacturing includes 3D printing, cladding, and welding. During additive manufacturing, laser irradiation or electric arc discharge is typically used to melt the base material in a localized area, forming a molten pool. Additive material powder and / or filaments are then melted into this pool, and after solidification, the corresponding solid structure is formed.
[0003] Additive manufacturing typically utilizes an additive manufacturing head. Additive manufacturing heads that use filaments usually include a wire feeder. The wire feeder continuously delivers the additive filament through the wire exit nozzle to the machining area, where it melts and replenishes the molten pool. Simultaneously, heat from the molten pool is transferred to the wire exit nozzle and adjacent areas of the additive manufacturing head via radiation or conduction through the additive filament, requiring the additive manufacturing head to withstand high temperatures. To prevent high-temperature damage to the additive manufacturing head, which could lead to deformation of components or affect the stability of the connection and positioning structure, water cooling is usually required for both the additive manufacturing head and the wire feeder.
[0004] In existing additive manufacturing heads, water-cooling devices are typically located far from the nozzle, offering limited cooling for components near the nozzle and failing to effectively reduce the temperature of structures adjacent to the nozzle. This affects the stability of the nozzle's connection and sealing structures. Furthermore, using high-temperature ceramic materials to improve heat resistance in the nozzle's connection and sealing structures can compromise the nozzle's positioning accuracy and the sealing performance of the sealing structure. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To improve the cooling effect at the wire output end of the additive manufacturing head, this application provides a wire feeder and an additive manufacturing head.
[0006] The wire feeder provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A wire feeder includes a wire inlet section, a water-cooling section, and a wire outlet section. The wire inlet section has a wire guide cavity inside. The water-cooling section also has a water-cooling cavity inside and a wire guide spacer at one end. A wire guide tube extending through both ends is mounted on the wire guide spacer. The wire outlet section has a wire outlet nozzle cavity inside, and a wire feed spacer is mounted at one end of the outlet nozzle cavity. A wire feed tube is mounted on the wire feed spacer. The wire inlet section is connected to the water-cooling section, such that the wire guide tube communicates with the wire guide cavity. The wire outlet section is connected to... The water-cooled section is connected, and an intermediate wire feeding tube is connected between the wire guide spacer and the wire feeding spacer. The wire guide spacer is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. A water inlet pipe is provided at the water inlet and extends to the area adjacent to the wire feeding spacer tube. The wire exit section includes a wire exit nozzle and a wire exit nozzle sleeve. A wire exit hole is provided in the wire exit nozzle. The wire exit nozzle is connected to the wire feeding spacer so that the wire exit hole communicates with the wire feeding spacer tube. The wire exit nozzle sleeve is provided outside the wire exit nozzle and has a water-cooled annular cavity inside.
[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, using the wire guide tube, intermediate wire feeding tube, wire feeding seat tube, and wire exit hole connected to the wire guide cavity, additive wire can be sequentially passed through the wire guide cavity, wire guide tube, intermediate wire feeding tube, wire feeding seat tube, and wire exit hole, and output from the end of the wire exit nozzle, and transported to the molten pool of the base material for additive processing. Using the water outlet on the wire guide tube connected to the water cooling cavity, and the water inlet pipe located at the water inlet and extending into the water cooling cavity adjacent to the wire feeding seat tube area, cooling water can enter the water cooling cavity from the area adjacent to the wire feeding seat tube and flow out from the wire guide tube area, improving the cooling effect of the cooling water in the water cooling cavity on the wire exit section. Using the water cooling annular cavity located inside the wire exit nozzle sleeve, cooling water can be input to cool the area near the wire exit nozzle sleeve, further improving the cooling effect of the wire exit section of the wire feeder and reducing the temperature of the wire exit section.
[0009] In one specific implementation scheme, the wire guide section includes an guide sleeve, a guide insulating tube, a wire heating connector, and a conductive rod. The guide insulating tube is disposed inside the guide sleeve, the wire heating connector is disposed at the end of the guide insulating tube, one end of the conductive rod is connected to the wire heating connector, and the other end is connected to the wire guide seat. The wire guide seat is made of conductive material and is insulated from the wall of the water-cooling cavity. Corresponding positions on the sidewalls of the guide sleeve and the guide insulating tube are respectively provided with a sleeve wire inlet hole and an insulating tube wire inlet hole.
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a conductive rod connected at one end to the wire heating connector and at the other end to the wire seat tube can guide the current introduced through the wire heating connector to the wire spacer, and then transmit it to the additive wire through the wire spacer to preheat the additive wire and improve the melting effect of the additive wire in the molten pool. The use of an inlet insulating tube located inside the inlet sleeve and the wire heating connector located at the end of the inlet insulating tube 12 ensures electrical isolation between the wire heating connector and the conductive rod and the inlet sleeve, preventing the inlet sleeve from becoming energized and posing a safety risk.
[0011] In one specific implementation scheme, the wire guide section further includes a laser head mounting base, a conduit mounting plate, and an insulating connecting plate. The laser head mounting base and the conduit mounting plate are sequentially sleeved on the guide insulating tube. The laser head mounting base is fixedly connected to the end of the guide sleeve, and the conduit mounting plate is fixedly connected to the laser head mounting base. One end of the insulating connecting plate is sleeved on the end of the guide insulating tube and connected between the conduit mounting plate and the water-cooling section.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, a laser head can be installed on the outside of the wire guide section using a laser head mounting base fixedly connected to the end of the guide sleeve, facilitating additive manufacturing using the additive filament fed by the wire feeder. The laser head mounting base and the conduit mounting plate are sequentially fitted onto the guide insulating tube, with an insulating connecting plate fitted onto the end of the guide insulating tube and connected between the conduit mounting plate and the water-cooling section. This arrangement ensures electrical isolation between the laser head mounting base and the conduit mounting plate and the conductive rod and guide wire spacer, preventing the laser head mounting base and the conduit mounting plate from becoming energized.
[0013] In one specific implementation scheme, the water-cooled section includes a water-cooled sleeve, a water-cooled cavity tube, an inlet tube connecting sleeve, and an insulating sleeve. One end of the water-cooled cavity tube is fixedly connected to the wire guide seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the wire feeding seat. The inlet tube connecting sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the end of the water-cooled cavity tube connected to the wire guide seat and is connected to the wire inlet section. The insulating sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the inlet tube connecting sleeve and the water-cooled cavity tube. The water-cooled sleeve is fixed on the insulating sleeve and located on the outside of the water-cooled cavity tube. An insulating sealing sleeve is provided between the wire feeding seat and the side wall of the wire outlet cavity. The end of the water-cooled cavity tube is located between the wire feeding seat and the insulating sealing sleeve.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, a water-cooled cavity tube, with one end fixedly connected to the guide wire spacer 21 and the other end fixedly connected to the wire feeding spacer, can be formed outside the middle wire feeding tube within the water-cooled cavity, thus providing water cooling for the wire feeder. An insulating spacer is provided between one end of the water-cooled cavity tube and the water-cooled sleeve and the inlet tube connecting sleeve, and an insulating sealing sleeve is provided between the other end of the water-cooled cavity tube and the side wall of the wire feeding spacer and the outlet nozzle cavity. This ensures electrical isolation between the outlet nozzle sleeve, the water-cooled sleeve, and the inlet sleeve and the internal live components, preventing the outer structure of the wire feeder from becoming electrified.
[0015] In one specific implementation, a tapered clamping part is provided at one end of the water-cooled sleeve, and a deformation clamping groove is provided on the tapered clamping part. The end of the water-cooled sleeve is sleeved on the wire-exiting section, such that the tapered clamping part is located outside the end of the wire-exiting section. A rotating connecting sleeve is provided outside the end of the water-cooled sleeve, and the rotating connecting sleeve is threadedly connected to the water-cooled sleeve, with its end abutting against the outer wall of the tapered clamping part.
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, a rotating connecting sleeve that is threaded onto the water-cooling sleeve and whose end abuts against the outer wall of the conical clamping part can be used to easily install and disassemble the wire feed section and the water-cooling section. This allows for the replacement of wire feed sections with different functions at the end of the water-cooling section, thus forming different functions of the wire feeder.
[0017] In one specific implementation, the wire feeding section further includes a powder feeding sleeve, which is disposed between the wire feeding nozzle and the wire feeding nozzle sleeve. One end of the wire feeding nozzle sleeve is fixed to the outside of the powder feeding sleeve, and the wire feeding nozzle cavity is formed between the powder feeding sleeve and the wire feeding nozzle. The wire feeding spacer is fixed in the powder feeding sleeve, and an insulating sealing sleeve is provided between the powder feeding sleeve and the wire feeding spacer. The powder feeding sleeve is connected to the water cooling section.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the powder feeding sleeve located between the wire outlet nozzle and the wire outlet nozzle sleeve can divide the space between the wire outlet nozzle sleeve and the wire outlet nozzle into two mutually isolated functional cavities, which is beneficial to enriching the functions of the wire outlet section. The insulating sealing sleeve located between the powder feeding sleeve and the wire feeding spacer can form electrical isolation between the powder feeding sleeve and between the wire outlet nozzle sleeve and the wire feeding spacer.
[0019] In one specific implementation scheme, the filament outlet sleeve, the powder feeding sleeve, and the filament outlet are coaxially arranged. A powder feeding cavity is formed between the filament outlet sleeve and the powder feeding sleeve. The powder feeding cavity forms a powder feeding port between the ends of the filament outlet sleeve and the powder feeding sleeve. The filament outlet sleeve is provided with multiple powder feeding interfaces in its circumferential direction. The powder feeding interfaces are connected to the powder feeding cavity. Multiple powder equalization protrusions are provided on the outer wall of the powder feeding sleeve at positions opposite to the powder feeding interfaces.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the coaxial arrangement of the nozzle sleeve, powder feeding sleeve, and nozzle ensures that the powder outlet and the nozzle are coaxially aligned, and guarantees the consistency of the circumferential width of the powder feeding chamber and nozzle cavity at different positions, as well as the consistency of the circumferential width of the powder outlet. Multiple uniform powder protrusions, positioned on the outer wall of the powder feeding sleeve opposite the powder feeding interface, agitate the additive material powder input through the powder feeding interface, allowing the additive powder to mix thoroughly with the carrier gas within the powder feeding chamber, thus enabling uniform output through the powder outlet at different circumferential positions.
[0021] In one specific implementation scheme, the guide wire spacer is provided with a protective air port, the wire feeding spacer is provided with a protective air passage hole, and an air supply pipe is provided between the protective air port and the protective air passage hole. The wire exit section further includes a protective air distribution sleeve and a protective air equalization sleeve. Both ends of the protective air distribution sleeve are connected to the wire feeding spacer, and an air distribution cavity communicating with the protective air passage hole is formed between the protective air distribution sleeve and the wire feeding spacer. One end of the protective air equalization sleeve is connected to the protective air distribution sleeve, and the other end is connected to the wire feeding spacer, forming an equalization cavity between the protective air equalization sleeve, the protective air distribution sleeve, and the wire feeding spacer. The protective air distribution sleeve is provided with a plurality of distribution air holes communicating with the air distribution cavity and the equalization cavity. The outer wall of the protective air equalization sleeve is provided with a plurality of equalization air holes evenly distributed circumferentially on the protective air equalization sleeve. A protective air output port is formed between the end of the powder feeding sleeve and the wire exit nozzle.
[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the protective gas can be transported from the wire inlet section to the wire outlet section via a gas delivery pipe located between the protective gas inlet and the protective gas through-hole. The protective gas is then delivered to the additive processing area through the wire outlet cavity, providing isolation and protection for the molten pool and the surrounding matrix and additive materials. A protective gas distribution sleeve connected to the wire feeding spacer at both ends, and a protective gas equalization sleeve connected to the distribution sleeve at one end and the wire feeding spacer at the other, can guide and divert the protective gas input through the protective gas through-hole. This ensures that the protective gas flows evenly into the wire outlet cavity through multiple equalization holes circumferentially on the equalization sleeve, and then flows evenly out through the protective gas outlet.
[0023] In one specific implementation, the water-cooled annular cavity is circumferentially distributed within the sidewall of the wire outlet sleeve and interrupted on one side of the wire outlet sleeve. The cross-section of the wire outlet sleeve is "C"-shaped. A water-cooling interface connected to the water-cooled annular cavity is provided on each of the outer sidewalls of the wire outlet sleeve and the water-cooled annular cavity on opposite sides of the circumferential direction.
[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the water-cooled annular cavity with a "C" shape on the cross-section of the wire outlet sleeve can be used to input cooling water through the water-cooled interfaces connected to both sides of the water-cooled annular cavity, so that the cooling water circulates in the circumferential direction of the wire outlet sleeve, thereby improving the flow efficiency of the cooling water in the water-cooled annular cavity and ensuring the cooling effect on the end of the wire outlet section.
[0025] The additive manufacturing head provided in this application uses the wire feeder provided in this application and also has the corresponding advantages of the wire feeder provided in this application.
[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
[0027] 1. By using a water-cooling cavity within the water-cooling section and a water-cooling annular cavity within the wire-exit nozzle sleeve, the wire feeder can be water-cooled from two different areas: the water-cooling section and the wire-exit section. This improves the cooling effect on the wire feeder. Furthermore, the water-cooling structure is closer to the wire-exit area of the wire feeder, effectively reducing the temperature of the wire-exit section. This not only extends the service life of the wire-exit section but also allows for the use of more precise structures for the installation and positioning of the wire-exit nozzle and other components within the section, thus improving the installation and positioning accuracy of the structure.
[0028] 2. By installing the wire heating connector at one end of the inlet insulating tube, connecting the other end of the inlet insulating plate through the insulating connecting plate, and connecting the wire spacer to the conduit mounting plate through the insulating connecting plate and to the water cooling sleeve through the insulating sleeve, electrical insulation can be formed between the wire heating device inside the wire feeder and the external inlet sleeve and water cooling sleeve, preventing the external structure from becoming electrified and causing safety hazards.
[0029] 3. By connecting the water-cooled cavity pipe between the guide wire spacer and the wire feeding spacer, and by setting the water inlet pipe and water outlet on the guide wire spacer, with the opening of the water inlet pipe positioned close to the wire feeding spacer, a water-cooled cavity can be formed between the guide wire spacer and the wire feeding spacer. Cooling water is then transported to the wire feeding spacer for circulating cooling through the water inlet pipe, effectively improving the cooling effect of the wire feeding spacer. Furthermore, the wire feeding spacer cools the wire outlet nozzle and wire outlet nozzle sleeve, effectively improving the cooling effect of the end structure of the wire outlet section.
[0030] 4. By setting a powder feeding sleeve between the filament outlet and the filament outlet sleeve, a powder feeding chamber and a filament outlet chamber can be formed on the outside of the filament outlet respectively. The coaxial arrangement between the filament outlet sleeve, the powder feeding sleeve and the filament outlet forms a coaxial arrangement between the powder feeding port, the protective gas output port and the filament outlet hole. This allows the filament feeder of this application to coaxially and uniformly convey additive powder and protective gas while conveying additive filament. Furthermore, the flowing protective gas can be used to further improve the cooling effect at the end of the filament outlet section and ensure the accuracy of the coaxial positioning structure. Attached Figure Description
[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the wire feeder of this application.
[0032] Figure 2 This is a top view of one embodiment of the wire feeder of this application.
[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view with AA orientation.
[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the center BB orientation.
[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Central CC orientation sectional view.
[0036] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of part A in the middle.
[0037] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the wire feeding section in one embodiment of the wire feeder of this application.
[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Wire guide section; 11. Guide sleeve; 111. Sleeve wire inlet hole; 12. Guide insulating tube; 121. Insulating tube wire inlet hole; 13. Guide wire heating connector; 131. Insulating mounting sleeve; 132. Conductive rod connector; 14. Conductive rod; 15. Laser head mounting base; 16. Conduit mounting plate; 17. Insulating connecting plate; 18. Mounting plate; 2. Water cooling section; 21. Guide wire spacer; 211. Guide wire seat tube; 212. Water inlet; 213. Water outlet; 214. Water inlet pipe; 215. Protective air port; 216. Seat tube adapter; 217. Guide wire tube connector; 22. Intermediate wire feeding tube; 23. Water cooling sleeve; 231. Conical clamping part; 2 32. Deformation clamping groove; 24. Water-cooled cavity tube; 25. Inlet tube connecting sleeve; 26. Insulating spacer; 27. Rotary connecting sleeve; 28. Gas supply pipe; 3. Wire exit section; 31. Wire feeding spacer; 311. Wire feeding seat tube; 312. Protective gas passage hole; 313. Wire nozzle connector; 32. Wire exit nozzle; 321. Wire exit hole; 33. Wire exit nozzle sleeve; 331. Water-cooled annular cavity; 332. Powder feeding cavity; 333. Powder feeding interface; 334. Water-cooled interface; 34. Insulating sealing sleeve; 35. Powder feeding sleeve; 351. Powder equalization ridge; 36. Protective gas distribution sleeve; 361. Gas distribution cavity; 362. Distribution air hole; 37. Protective gas equalization sleeve; 371. Flow equalization cavity; 372. Flow equalization air hole. Detailed Implementation
[0039] The specific embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application.
[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0041] One embodiment of the wire feeder in this application is as follows: Figures 1 to 6 As shown, it includes a filament feeding section 1, a water cooling section 2, and a filament output section 3 connected in sequence. The filament feeding section 1 is used to feed the filament (also called additive filament) made of additive material into the filament feeder of this application. After passing through the water cooling section 2 and the filament output section 3, it is transported to the matrix material molten pool in the additive processing area, so that the additive material melts in the molten pool and mixes with the matrix material to form additive processing on the matrix material.
[0042] A guide cavity is provided inside the filament inlet section 1. The additive filament passes through the guide cavity and enters the water-cooling section 2. A water-cooling cavity is provided inside the water-cooling section 2. A guide spacer 21 is provided at one end of the water-cooling section 2 adjacent to the filament inlet section 1. The guide spacer 21 is located at the end of the water-cooling cavity, forming a partition between the guide cavity and the water-cooling cavity. The end of the guide spacer 21 facing the guide cavity is formed as a guide tube 211. The lumen of the guide tube 211 penetrates both end faces of the guide spacer 21, forming a channel connecting the two ends of the guide spacer 21, allowing the additive filament to pass through the guide spacer 21 and enter the interior of the water-cooling cavity. A filament outlet section 3 has an outlet nozzle cavity inside. A feed spacer 31 is provided at one end of the outlet nozzle cavity adjacent to the water-cooling section 2, forming a partition between the water-cooling cavity and the outlet nozzle cavity. The end of the wire feeding spacer 31 facing the wire outlet cavity is formed as a wire feeding tube 311. The tube of the wire feeding tube 311 passes through the two end faces of the wire feeding spacer 31, forming a channel connecting the two sides of the wire feeding spacer 31. The additive wire passes through the wire feeding spacer 31 and enters the wire outlet cavity, and is output through the wire outlet at the other end of the wire outlet cavity.
[0043] The wire inlet section 1 is connected to the water-cooling section 2, so that the wire guide tube 211 is located inside the wire guide cavity. Typically, a wire guide tube adapter 216 and a wire guide tube connector 217 are threaded sequentially to the end of the wire guide tube 211. The adapter 216 connects the wire guide tube 211 and the connector 217, forming a connection between them while preventing damage to the connection interface of the wire guide tube 211 caused by frequent replacement of the connector 217. The connector 217 is a standard connector adapted to wire guide tubes of different diameters. A wire guide tube adapted to the additive wire used is connected to the connector 217. The additive wire enters the connector 217 from the wire guide tube and then enters the wire guide tube 211 through the adapter 216.
[0044] An intermediate wire feeding tube 22 is provided between the wire guide spacer 21 and the wire feeding spacer 31. The wire exit section 3 is connected to the water cooling section 2, so that both ends of the intermediate wire feeding tube 22 are connected to the wire guide spacer 21 and the wire feeding spacer 31 respectively, ensuring the sealing of the connection structure. Both ends of the intermediate wire feeding tube 22 are connected to the wire guide tube 211 and the wire feeding tube 311 respectively, so that the additive wire can enter the wire feeding tube 311 through the intermediate wire feeding tube 22, and ensuring reliable isolation between the cavity of the intermediate wire feeding tube 22 and the water cooling cavity.
[0045] The wire guide spacer 21 is also provided with a water inlet 212 and a water outlet 213. The end of the water inlet 212 located in the wire guide cavity is provided with a water inlet interface, and the end located in the water cooling cavity is provided with a water inlet pipe 214. The other end of the water inlet pipe 214 extends and opens into the area adjacent to the wire feed spacer 31. The end of the water outlet 213 located in the wire guide cavity is provided with a water outlet interface. The cooling water output from the external circulating cooling water source is connected to the water inlet interface through a water pipe, enters the water inlet pipe 214 through the water inlet 212, and then enters the water cooling cavity from near the wire feed spacer 31 through the opening of the water inlet pipe 214. It then flows from the water cooling cavity towards the wire feed spacer 21, and flows back to the external circulating cooling water source through the water outlet 213, the water outlet interface, and the water pipe connecting the water outlet interface and the external circulating cooling water source. The wire feeding spacer 31, the intermediate wire feeding tube 22, the outer wall of the water-cooled cavity, and the wire guide spacer 21 are cooled by circulating cooling water, which effectively reduces the temperature of the nearby structures during additive manufacturing. This allows for the use of seals made of materials such as nylon, which have lower heat resistance but better sealing and positioning performance, to connect the relevant structures, ensuring the sealing effect and positioning accuracy of the connected structures.
[0046] The wire exit section 3 includes a wire exit nozzle 32 and a wire exit nozzle sleeve 33. The wire exit nozzle 32 is located on the central axis of the wire exit section 3, and the wire exit nozzle sleeve 33 is fitted around the periphery of the wire exit nozzle 32, forming a wire exit nozzle cavity inside the sleeve 33 and around the nozzle 32. A wire exit nozzle connector 313 is threadedly connected to the end of the wire feeding tube 311, and the wire exit nozzle 32 is threadedly connected to the connector 313. A wire exit hole 321 is provided in the wire exit nozzle 32, which communicates with the wire feeding tube 311 through a through hole inside the connector 313, allowing the additive wire to enter the hole 321 through the tube 311 and be delivered from the exit port at the end of the nozzle 32 to the molten pool area on the substrate material. The wire exit nozzle 32 is typically made of pure tungsten material to improve its resistance to the high temperatures of the molten pool area.
[0047] The diameter of the wire feeding nozzle sleeve 33 gradually decreases from the end where the wire feeding spacer 31 is located to the end where the wire outlet is located. A water-cooled annular cavity 331 is provided inside the side wall of the wire feeding nozzle sleeve 33. The water-cooled annular cavity 331 is usually located in the area of the wire feeding nozzle sleeve 33 near the wire outlet. It can use an external circulating cooling water source to input circulating cooling water into the water-cooled annular cavity 331, which can cool the wire feeding nozzle sleeve 33 and the wire feeding nozzle 32 inside it, reduce the heat generated by additive processing to the other end of the wire feeding section 3, and reduce the high temperature that the wire feeding section 3 is subjected to.
[0048] In some embodiments of the wire feeder of this application, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the wire guide section 1 includes a guide sleeve 11, a guide insulating tube 12, a wire heating connector 13, and a conductive rod 14. The guide sleeve 11 forms the outer shell of the wire guide section 1. The guide insulating tube 12 is made of an insulating material, such as nylon. The guide insulating tube 12 is located inside the guide sleeve 11 to isolate the guide sleeve 11 from live structures such as the wire heating connector 13 and the conductive rod 14, thus preventing the guide sleeve 11 from becoming live and posing a safety risk.
[0049] The wire heating connector 13 is located at the end of the wire guide cavity. Typically, the guide insulating tube 12 consists of an end insulating tube section and an inner insulating tube section connected together. The end insulating tube section is positioned close to the inner wall of the guide sleeve 11, extending radially to cover the end face of the guide sleeve 11. The inner insulating tube section extends towards the wire guide spacer 21, forming electrical isolation between the guide sleeve 11 and the charged structure within the wire guide cavity. A mounting plate 18 is also provided at the end of the end insulating tube section, with mounting plate holes corresponding to the wire guide cavity. The mounting plate 18 is fixed to the end of the end insulating tube section, extending outwards on one side and fixed to the guide sleeve 11 by a support plate, used for mounting and positioning the wire feeder of this application. The wire heating connector 13 is fixed to the mounting plate 18 by an insulating mounting sleeve 131, and one end passes through the mounting plate hole to connect to the conductive rod connector 132.
[0050] Multiple conductive rods 14, such as three, can be provided. One end of each conductive rod 14 is fixed to a conductive rod connector 132 and electrically connected to a wire heating connector 13 via the connector 132. The other end of the conductive rod 14 is fixedly connected to a wire spacer 21, which connects one electrode of a preheating power supply for preheating the additive wire to the spacer 21, and the other electrode of the preheating power supply to the substrate material being processed. The wire spacer 21 is made of conductive material. When the additive wire passes through the wire seat tube 211, the preheating power supply generates current in the additive wire between the wire seat tube 211 and the substrate material, preheating the wire and giving it a certain base temperature, making it easier for the additive wire to melt in the molten pool when it comes into contact with the molten pool on the substrate material.
[0051] The wire guide spacer 21 and the wall of the water-cooling cavity are also interconnected by insulating material to prevent the electricity carried on the wire guide spacer 21 from being transferred to the outer layer of the wire guide section 1. Corresponding positions on the side walls of the guide sleeve 11 and the guide insulating tube 12 are respectively provided with a sleeve wire inlet hole 111 and an insulating tube wire inlet hole 121. The wire guide tube, connected to the wire guide tube connector 217, extends to the outside of the wire feeder through the insulating tube wire inlet hole 121, the sleeve wire inlet hole 111, and the wire inlet hole provided on the mounting plate 18. The additive wire enters the wire guide tube connector 217 from the lumen of the wire guide tube. The wire guide tube is made of insulating material to prevent the current used for preheating the additive wire from being conducted to the guide sleeve 11 and the mounting plate 18.
[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the wire feeder of this application, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the wire guide section 1 also includes a laser head mounting base 15, a conduit mounting plate 16, and an insulating connecting plate 17. The laser head mounting base 15 can be used to mount the laser head for additive manufacturing, and the conduit mounting plate 16 can be used to mount conduits and other structures for organizing the wiring used in the processing head. The laser head mounting base 15 and the conduit mounting plate 16 are sequentially fitted onto the guide insulating tube 12. The end of the guide sleeve 11 is fixedly connected to one end of the laser head mounting base 15 with screws, and the conduit mounting plate 16 is fixedly connected to the other end of the laser head mounting base 15 with screws. One end of the insulating connecting plate 17 is fitted onto the end of the guide insulating tube 12, and the water-cooled section 2 is fixedly connected to the other end of the conduit mounting plate 16. The insulating connecting plate 17 provides electrical isolation between the wire guide section 1 and the water-cooled section 2.
[0053] In some embodiments of the wire feeder of this application, such as Figures 3 to 5As shown, the water-cooled section 2 includes a water-cooled sleeve 23, a water-cooled cavity tube 24, an inlet tube connecting sleeve 25, and an insulating spacer 26. The water-cooled sleeve 23 is located on the outermost layer of the water-cooled section 2, forming the shape and structural support of the water-cooled section 2. The water-cooled cavity tube 24 is located inside the water-cooled sleeve 23 and is sleeved on the outside of the intermediate wire feeding tube 22. One end of the water-cooled cavity tube 24 is fixedly connected to the wire guide spacer 21, and the other end is fixedly connected to the wire feeding spacer 31, forming a closed water-cooled cavity between the water-cooled cavity tube 24, the intermediate wire feeding tube 22, the wire guide spacer 21, and the wire feeding spacer 31.
[0054] The inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 is fitted onto the outer side of the end of the water-cooled cavity tube 24. A connecting ring is provided on the outer wall of the water-cooled cavity tube 24. The inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 is fixed to the water-cooled cavity tube by screws passing through the connecting ring. The guide wire spacer 21 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the end of the water-cooled cavity tube 24. The end of the inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 is fixedly connected to the wire inlet section 1. Specifically, the inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 is fixed to the conduit mounting plate 16 by screws passing through the insulating connecting plate 17. An insulating spacer is provided between the screw and the inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 to ensure electrical isolation between the inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 and the conduit mounting plate 16. In addition, the peripheral portion of the insulating connecting plate 17 also extends axially, covering the outer side of the inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 to prevent the live inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 from being exposed to the outside.
[0055] An insulating sleeve 26 is fitted over the outside of the inlet tube connecting sleeve 25 and the water-cooled cavity tube 24. The water-cooled sleeve 23 is fixed to the insulating sleeve 26, forming an insulating connection between the water-cooled sleeve 23 and the water-cooled cavity tube 24. An insulating sealing sleeve 34 is also provided between the wire feeding spacer 31 and the side wall of the wire outlet cavity. The insulating sealing sleeve 34 also covers the outside of the end of the water-cooled cavity tube 24 that connects to the wire feeding spacer 31. This ensures electrical isolation between the energized wire feeding spacer 21, the water-cooled cavity tube 24, and the wire feeding spacer 31 and the water-cooled sleeve 23, preventing the outer structure of the wire feeder from becoming energized.
[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the wire feeder of this application, such as Figures 3 to 5As shown, one end of the water-cooled sleeve 23 is machined into a tapered clamping portion 231, and several axially extending deformable clamping grooves 232 are spaced apart at the end of the tapered clamping portion 231. The end of the water-cooled sleeve 23 is sleeved on the wire-exiting section 3, so that the tapered clamping portion 231 abuts against the outer side wall of the end of the wire-exiting section 3. The rotary connecting sleeve 27 is sleeved on the outer side of the end of the water-cooled sleeve 23, and the rotary connecting sleeve 27 is threadedly connected to the water-cooled sleeve 23 adjacent to the tapered clamping portion 231 by connecting threads. The end of the rotary connecting sleeve 27 is provided with a pressing stop, and the pressing stop abuts against the outer tapered surface of the tapered clamping portion 231. Rotating the rotating connecting sleeve 27 allows the pressing side to squeeze the conical clamping part 231, pressing and fixing the conical clamping part 231 to the outer side wall of the end of the wire exiting section 3, forming a fixed connection between the wire exiting section 3 and the water cooling section 2; rotating the rotating connecting sleeve 27 in the opposite direction allows the pressing side to loosen the conical clamping part 231, making it easier to separate the wire exiting section 3 from the water cooling section 2 for maintenance or replacement with a wire exiting section 3 of different specifications.
[0057] In some embodiments of the wire feeder of this application, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, a powder feeding sleeve 35 is also provided in the wire feeding section 3, which is located between the wire feeding nozzle 32 and the wire feeding nozzle sleeve 33. One end of the wire feeding nozzle sleeve 33 is fixed to the outside of the powder feeding sleeve 35, and the wire feeding spacer 31 is fixed to the inside of the powder feeding sleeve 35. An insulating sealing sleeve 34 is provided between the powder feeding sleeve 35 and the wire feeding spacer 31. One end of the powder feeding sleeve 35 is connected to the water cooling section 2. Specifically, the end of the water cooling sleeve 23 is sleeved on the powder feeding sleeve 35, and the connection and separation between the water cooling sleeve 23 and the powder feeding sleeve 35 are achieved by rotating the rotating connecting sleeve 27.
[0058] The powder feeding sleeve 35 divides the space between the wire outlet sleeve 33 and the wire outlet 32 into a powder feeding chamber 332 located outside the powder feeding sleeve 35 and a wire outlet chamber located inside the powder feeding sleeve 35.
[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the wire feeder of this application, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the yarn outlet sleeve 33, the powder feeding sleeve 35, and the yarn outlet 32 are coaxially arranged. A powder feeding cavity 332 is formed coaxially around the outer periphery of the yarn outlet 32 between the outer side of the powder feeding sleeve 35 and the yarn outlet sleeve 33. The diameters of the ends of the yarn outlet sleeve 33 and the powder feeding sleeve 35 near the yarn outlet gradually decrease, and their end faces are located on the same plane. The thickness of the powder feeding cavity 332 between the yarn outlet sleeve 33 and the powder feeding sleeve 35 also gradually decreases, forming an annular powder outlet between the end faces of the yarn outlet sleeve 33 and the powder feeding sleeve 35.
[0060] Multiple powder feeding ports 333 are provided at the end where the filament outlet sleeve 33 connects to the powder feeding sleeve 35. In this embodiment, three powder feeding ports 333 are provided on the outer side of the end of the filament outlet sleeve 33, and the three powder feeding ports 333 are evenly distributed on the circumferential surface of the filament outlet sleeve 33. The powder feeding ports 333 are connected to the powder feeding chamber 332 through through holes provided on the outer wall of the filament outlet sleeve 33, which can transport the additive material powder (also called additive powder) delivered by the external powder feeder to the powder feeding chamber 332 and flow out through the powder outlet. The additive filament output from the filament outlet 32 is coaxially transported to the matrix material molten pool, where it melts together with the additive filament in the molten pool, and the filament and powder are fed together in the additive processing on the matrix material.
[0061] Multiple uniform powder strips 351 are provided on the powder feeding sleeve 35 at positions opposite to the powder feeding interface 333. These strips can be arranged in an array on the outer wall of the powder feeding sleeve 35. When the additive powder enters the powder feeding chamber 332 under the action of the carrier gas, the multiple uniform powder strips 351 disturb the carrier gas, causing the airflow of the carrier gas to flow evenly at different circumferential positions in the powder feeding chamber 332. This drives the additive powder to be evenly distributed in the powder feeding chamber 332, ensuring the uniformity of the additive powder output through the powder outlet.
[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the wire feeder of this application, such as Figures 3 to 6 As shown, a protective air port 215 is also provided on the guide wire spacer 21. A protective air interface is provided at one end of the protective air port 215 located inside the guide wire cavity, and a gas supply pipe 28 is connected to the other end located inside the water-cooling cavity. A protective air passage hole 312 is provided on the wire feeding spacer 31, penetrating both sides of the wire feeding spacer 31. The other end of the gas supply pipe 28 is connected to the protective air passage hole 312. One end of the gas supply pipe 28 is sealed to the guide wire spacer 21 around the protective air port 215, and the other end is sealed to the wire feeding spacer 31 around the protective air passage hole 312, ensuring reliable isolation between the gas supply pipe 28 cavity and the water-cooling cavity.
[0063] Within the yarn exit section 3, a protective gas distribution sleeve 36 and a protective gas equalization sleeve 37 are also provided, which are sequentially fitted onto the yarn feeding spacer 31. One end of the protective gas distribution sleeve 36 is fixed to the stepped surface of the yarn feeding spacer 31 located within the yarn exit nozzle cavity, and the other end is fixed to the outer wall of the yarn feeding seat tube 311, forming an air distribution cavity 361 between the protective gas distribution sleeve 36 and the yarn feeding spacer 31. Protective gas passes through the yarn feeding spacer 31 and communicates with the air distribution cavity 361 via a hole 312. One end of the protective gas equalization sleeve 37 is fixed to the outer surface of the protective gas distribution sleeve 36, and the other end is fixed to the outer wall of the yarn feeding spacer 31, forming an equalization cavity 371 between the protective gas equalization sleeve 37, the protective gas distribution sleeve 36, and the yarn feeding spacer 31.
[0064] Multiple distribution air holes 362 are provided on the protective gas distribution sleeve 36, connecting the air distribution chamber 361 and the flow equalization chamber 371. These distribution air holes 362 are located on the end face of the protective gas distribution sleeve 36 near the end of the protective gas flow equalization sleeve 37, and are evenly distributed circumferentially on the end face of the protective gas distribution sleeve 36. Multiple flow equalization air holes 372 are provided on the outer wall of the protective gas flow equalization sleeve 37, and are evenly distributed circumferentially on the side wall of the protective gas flow equalization sleeve 37, respectively connecting the flow equalization chamber 371 inside the protective gas flow equalization sleeve 37 and the wire outlet cavity outside. The diameter of the wire outlet cavity at the end of the powder feeding sleeve 35 gradually decreases, forming a protective gas output port between the end face of the powder feeding sleeve 35 and the wire outlet 32.
[0065] The air pipe connected to the protective gas source passes through the wire inlet hole 111 of the sleeve and the wire inlet hole 121 of the insulating tube and enters the wire guide cavity, connecting to the protective gas interface. The protective gas output from the protective gas source enters the air distribution cavity 361 through the air supply pipe 28, and then enters the flow equalization cavity 371 evenly through multiple distribution air holes 362 on the end face of the protective gas distribution sleeve 36. This changes the protective gas in the air distribution cavity 361 from a single inflow to a multi-point outflow, improving the uniformity of the airflow in the flow equalization cavity 371. The protective gas entering the flow equalization cavity 371 then flows evenly into the wire nozzle cavity through multiple flow equalization air holes 372 on the side wall of the protective gas flow equalization sleeve 37, and flows evenly to the molten pool area formed by additive processing through the protective gas outlet at the end of the powder feeding sleeve 35, providing protection for the high-temperature matrix material and additive material in the molten pool area.
[0066] In some embodiments of the wire feeder of this application, such as Figures 3 to 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the water-cooled annular cavity 331 is circumferentially distributed inside the side wall of the wire outlet sleeve 33, and is not connected on one side of the wire outlet sleeve 33, making the water-cooled annular cavity 331 "C" shaped in the cross-section of the wire outlet sleeve 33. A water-cooling interface 334 is provided on each of the outer side walls of the wire outlet sleeve 33, opposite to the circumferential sides of the "C"-shaped water-cooled annular cavity 331. The water-cooling interface 334 is connected to the water-cooled annular cavity 331 through a through hole provided on the side wall of the wire outlet sleeve 33. Circulating cooling water can be output through the two water-cooling interfaces 334, allowing the circulating cooling water to flow circumferentially through the water-cooled annular cavity 331 along the wire outlet sleeve 33, cooling the wire outlet sleeve 33 from near the wire outlet end, thus improving the cooling effect of the wire outlet sleeve 33 and its adjacent structures. This effectively reduces the temperature of the filament section 3, allowing the insulating sealing sleeve 34 and other sealing and positioning structures to use nylon parts with good sealing and positioning effects, instead of ceramic parts that can withstand higher temperatures, thus improving the sealing and positioning effect of the sealing and positioning structures.
[0067] One embodiment of the additive manufacturing head of this application uses the wire feeder of any embodiment of this application and also has the advantages of the wire feeder of the corresponding embodiment.
[0068] In the description of this application, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "specific embodiment," and "preferred embodiment" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this application, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0069] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A wire feeder, characterized in that, The system includes a wire inlet section (1), a water-cooling section (2), and a wire outlet section (3). The wire inlet section (1) has a wire guide cavity inside, the water-cooling section (2) has a water-cooling cavity inside, and a wire guide spacer (21) is provided at one end of the water-cooling section (2). A wire guide seat tube (211) is provided on the wire guide spacer (21) extending through both ends. The wire outlet section (3) has a wire outlet nozzle cavity inside, and a wire feeding spacer (31) is provided at one end of the wire outlet nozzle cavity. A wire feeding seat tube (311) is provided on the wire feeding spacer (31). The wire inlet section (1) and... The water-cooled section (2) is connected to the wire guide tube (211) so that the wire guide tube (211) is connected to the wire guide cavity. The wire outlet section (3) is connected to the water-cooled section (2). An intermediate wire feed tube (22) is connected between the wire guide spacer (21) and the wire feed spacer (31). The wire guide spacer (21) is provided with a water inlet (212) and a water outlet (213). A water inlet pipe (214) is provided at the water inlet (212). The water inlet pipe (214) extends to the area adjacent to the wire feed tube (311). The wire outlet section (3) includes a wire outlet nozzle (32). The assembly includes a wire outlet nozzle sleeve (33), wherein the wire outlet nozzle (32) has a wire outlet hole (321) and is connected to the wire feeding spacer (31), such that the wire outlet hole (321) is connected to the wire feeding seat tube (311). The wire outlet nozzle sleeve (33) is disposed outside the wire outlet nozzle (32), and a water-cooled annular cavity (331) is disposed inside the wire outlet nozzle sleeve (33). The water-cooled annular cavity (331) is circumferentially distributed on the inner side wall of the wire outlet nozzle sleeve (33) and is interrupted on one side of the wire outlet nozzle sleeve (33). The nozzle sleeve (33) has a "C" shape in cross-section. On the outer side walls of the nozzle sleeve (33) and the water-cooled annular cavity (331) on opposite sides of the circumference, there is a water-cooled interface (334) that communicates with the water-cooled annular cavity (331). The water-cooled interface (334) communicates with the water-cooled annular cavity (331) through a through hole on the side wall of the nozzle sleeve (33). Circulating cooling water can be output through the two water-cooled interfaces (334), so that the circulating cooling water can flow through the water-cooled annular cavity (331) along the circumference of the nozzle sleeve (33). The water-cooled section (2) includes a water-cooled cavity tube (24), and an insulating sealing sleeve (34) is provided between the wire feeding spacer (31) and the side wall of the wire outlet cavity. The end of the water-cooled cavity tube (24) is located between the wire feeding spacer (31) and the insulating sealing sleeve (34).
2. The wire feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wire guide section (1) includes a guide sleeve (11), a guide insulating tube (12), a wire heating connector (13), and a conductive rod (14). The guide insulating tube (12) is disposed inside the guide sleeve (11), and the wire heating connector (13) is disposed at the end of the guide insulating tube (12). One end of the conductive rod (14) is connected to the wire heating connector (13), and the other end is connected to the wire spacer (21). The wire spacer (21) is made of conductive material and is insulated from the wall of the water-cooled cavity. Corresponding positions on the side walls of the guide sleeve (11) and the guide insulating tube (121) are respectively provided with a sleeve wire inlet hole (111) and an insulating tube wire inlet hole (121).
3. The wire feeder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wire guide section (1) further includes a laser head mounting base (15), a conduit mounting plate (16), and an insulating connecting plate (17). The laser head mounting base (15) and the conduit mounting plate (16) are sequentially sleeved on the guide insulating tube (12). The laser head mounting base (15) is fixedly connected to the end of the guide sleeve (11). The conduit mounting plate (16) is fixedly connected to the laser head mounting base (15). One end of the insulating connecting plate (17) is sleeved on the end of the guide insulating tube (12) and connected between the conduit mounting plate (16) and the water cooling section (2).
4. The wire feeder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water-cooled section (2) further includes a water-cooled sleeve (23), an inlet tube connecting sleeve (25), and an insulating sleeve (26). One end of the water-cooled cavity tube (24) is fixedly connected to the wire guide seat (21), and the other end is fixedly connected to the wire feeding seat (31). The inlet tube connecting sleeve (25) is sleeved on the outside of the end of the water-cooled cavity tube (24) connected to the wire guide seat (21), and is connected to the wire inlet section (1). The insulating sleeve (26) is sleeved on the outside of the inlet tube connecting sleeve (25) and the water-cooled cavity tube (24). The water-cooled sleeve (23) is fixed on the insulating sleeve (26) and is located on the outside of the water-cooled cavity tube (24).
5. The wire feeder according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the water-cooled sleeve (23) is provided with a conical clamping part (231), and the conical clamping part (231) is provided with a deformation clamping groove (232). The end of the water-cooled sleeve (23) is sleeved on the wire-exiting section (3), so that the conical clamping part (231) is located outside the end of the wire-exiting section (3). A rotating connecting sleeve (27) is provided outside the end of the water-cooled sleeve (23). The rotating connecting sleeve (27) is threadedly connected to the water-cooled sleeve (23), and its end abuts against the outer wall of the conical clamping part (231).
6. The wire feeder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wire feeding section (3) also includes a powder feeding sleeve (35), which is disposed between the wire feeding nozzle (32) and the wire feeding nozzle sleeve (33). One end of the wire feeding nozzle sleeve (33) is fixed to the outside of the powder feeding sleeve (35), and the wire feeding nozzle cavity is formed between the powder feeding sleeve (35) and the wire feeding nozzle (32). The wire feeding spacer (31) is fixed in the powder feeding sleeve (35), and an insulating sealing sleeve (34) is provided between the powder feeding sleeve (35) and the wire feeding spacer (31). The powder feeding sleeve (35) is connected to the water cooling section (2).
7. The wire feeder according to claim 6, characterized in that, The filament outlet sleeve (33), powder feeding sleeve (35) and filament outlet (32) are coaxially arranged. A powder feeding cavity (332) is formed between the filament outlet sleeve (33) and the powder feeding sleeve (35). The powder feeding cavity (332) forms a powder outlet between the ends of the filament outlet sleeve (33) and the powder feeding sleeve (35). The filament outlet sleeve (33) is provided with a plurality of powder feeding interfaces (333) in the circumferential direction. The powder feeding interfaces (333) are connected to the powder feeding cavity (332). A plurality of powder equalization protrusions (351) are provided on the outer side wall of the powder feeding sleeve (35) at a position opposite to the powder feeding interfaces (333).
8. The wire feeder according to claim 6, characterized in that, The guide wire spacer (21) is provided with a protective air port (215), and the wire feeding spacer (31) is provided with a protective air passage hole (312). An air supply pipe (28) is provided between the protective air port (215) and the protective air passage hole (312). The wire exit section (3) also includes a protective air distribution sleeve (36) and a protective air equalization sleeve (37). Both ends of the protective air distribution sleeve (36) are connected to the wire feeding spacer (31). An air distribution cavity (361) communicating with the protective air passage hole (312) is formed between the protective air distribution sleeve (36) and the wire feeding spacer (31). One end of the protective air equalization sleeve (37) One end is connected to the protective gas distribution sleeve (36), and the other end is connected to the wire feeding spacer (31). A flow equalization cavity (371) is formed between the protective gas flow equalization sleeve (37), the protective gas distribution sleeve (36), and the wire feeding spacer (31). The protective gas distribution sleeve (36) is provided with a plurality of distribution air holes (362) that connect the air distribution cavity (361) and the flow equalization cavity (371). The outer wall of the protective gas flow equalization sleeve (37) is provided with a plurality of flow equalization air holes (372) that are evenly distributed circumferentially on the protective gas flow equalization sleeve (37). A protective gas output port is formed between the end of the powder feeding sleeve (35) and the wire outlet (32).
9. An additive manufacturing head, characterized in that, Includes the wire feeder according to any one of claims 1-8.