Nanofiber membrane, wave-transparent bulletproof composite material laminated plate and preparation method of wave-transparent bulletproof composite material laminated plate

Abstract

The invention discloses a nanofiber membrane, a wave-transparent bulletproof composite material laminated plate and a preparation method of the wave-transparent bulletproof composite material laminated plate, and belongs to the field of wave-transparent materials. The nanofiber membrane is composed of in-plane randomly oriented nanofibers; a nanofiber membrane is prepared from raw materials through electrostatic spinning, and the nanofiber membrane is inserted between layers in the laying process of non-woven cloth to form a composite material laminated plate. The nano-scale fiber diameter endows the composite material laminated plate with a good toughening effect, local toughening can be carried out on the composite material, and a component material with low dielectric property is adopted, so that high wave transmission and high bulletproof performance of the composite material are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention discloses a composite material, a nanofiber membrane, and a method for preparing the nanofiber membrane, belonging to the field of wave-transparent material technology. Background Technology

[0002] The increasingly harsh operating environment of radar systems places higher demands on the wave transmission and ballistic protection performance of radar radomes. Continuous fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites (CFRP) are the most promising materials to simultaneously meet these performance requirements. However, the interlaminar regions of CFRP laminates are very thin and brittle resin-rich areas, which are prone to microcracks when subjected to external impacts, and these microcracks can rapidly propagate along the interlaminar boundaries, eventually leading to debonding between layers and severely affecting the ballistic protection performance of the composite material. In addition, the interfaces formed by interlaminar debonding can cause multiple reflections and losses of electromagnetic waves, thus affecting the wave transmission performance of the composite material. Therefore, the poor interlaminar toughness of CFRP has become a technical bottleneck restricting the development of integrated radar radomes with high wave transmission and high ballistic protection.

[0003] Currently, commonly used laminate toughening methods can be broadly categorized into resin matrix toughening, Z-axis toughening, and sandwich toughening. Resin matrix toughening not only increases the viscosity of the resin system but also inevitably leads to a decrease in the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the laminate. Z-axis toughening is a complex process that increases the cost and weight of the composite material, affects the mechanical properties of the laminate in the main fiber direction, and also impacts the penetration resistance of the composite laminate. Sandwich toughening commonly uses films and short fiber mats. The dissolution and mixing of film-like sandwiches in the resin requires a long time, and incomplete dissolution can cause artificial cracks. Short fiber sandwiches are difficult to control in terms of short fiber distribution, which in turn makes it difficult to control the phase structure and toughening effect of the interlayer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a composite material, a nanofiber membrane, and a method for preparing the nanofiber membrane.

[0005] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0006] A nanofiber membrane that can improve bulletproof and wave-transmitting properties, the nanofiber membrane is composed of nanofibers randomly oriented in-plane.

[0007] Furthermore, the nanofibers are composed of one or a mixture of several of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, and fluororubber.

[0008] Furthermore, the diameter of the nanofiber filament is 50-500 nm.

[0009] Furthermore, the thickness of the nanofiber membrane is 5-50 μm.

[0010] Furthermore, the areal density of the nanofiber membrane is 1-10 gsm.

[0011] A method for preparing a nanofiber membrane with improved bulletproof and wave-penetrating properties, as described above, is achieved through electrospinning technology. The specific process parameters adopted during electrospinning are as follows:

[0012] The solvent used in the spinning solution is one or a mixture of water, ethanol, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexane, and m-cresol;

[0013] The polymer mass fraction in the spinning solution is 6%-20%;

[0014] Electrospinning uses a roller receiving device with a tangential rotation speed of 0.2-0.8 m / s;

[0015] The distance from the nozzle tip to the receiving device is 5-30cm;

[0016] The potential difference between the nozzle tip and the receiving device is 10-50kV;

[0017] The environmental conditions for electrospinning are 20-30℃ and 20-40% relative humidity.

[0018] Furthermore, this includes ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber-reinforced waterborne polyurethane nonwoven fabric and a nanofiber membrane as described above that can improve bulletproof and wave-transmitting performance.

[0019] The nanofiber membrane is inserted between layers during the layup of the non-woven fabric.

[0020] This invention relates to a nanofiber membrane that can improve the interlaminar toughness of continuous fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, thereby simultaneously improving the bulletproof and wave-penetrating properties of the composites. Compared with traditional interlaminar toughening methods for composite continuous fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, the nanofiber membrane involved in this invention has the following advantages:

[0021] (1) It has good processability and is easy to operate;

[0022] (2) It has strong designability and can design the composition, morphology and areal density of nanofiber membranes according to interlayer toughening requirements and other functional requirements;

[0023] (3) The nanoscale fiber diameter gives it a better toughening effect and can locally toughen the composite material.

[0024] (4) It has little impact on the mechanical properties and heat resistance of composite materials;

[0025] (5) The use of low dielectric components ensures the high wave transmission performance of the composite material. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a scanned image of a nanofiber membrane made from nylon 66.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a scanned image of a nanofiber membrane made from an aromatic polyamide.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a scanned image of a nanofiber membrane made of polyimide.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a scanned image of a nanofiber membrane made of polyethylene.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of nanofiber membranes in composite laminates. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to examples.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] The nanofiber membrane in this embodiment is prepared from nylon 66 using an electrospinning process. The specific electrospinning process parameters are as follows:

[0034] The polymer mass fraction in the spinning solution is 10%.

[0035] The solvent used in the spinning solution is m-cresol.

[0036] The electrospinning process employs a roller receiving device with a tangential rotational speed of 0.4 m / s.

[0037] The distance from the nozzle tip to the receiving device is 20cm.

[0038] The potential difference between the nozzle tip and the receiving device is 25kV.

[0039] The environmental conditions for electrospinning are 25°C and 30% relative humidity.

[0040] Micrographs of the obtained nanofiber membranes are shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the specific parameters of the nanofiber membrane are as follows:

[0041] The thickness of the nanofiber membrane is 24 μm.

[0042] The areal density of the nanofiber membrane is 4.5 gsm.

[0043] The diameter of the nanofiber is 146±65nm.

[0044] Nineteen layers of nanofiber membrane were laid between 20 layers of orthogonally laid ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber-reinforced waterborne polyurethane nonwoven fabric, as shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 5 As shown in Table 1, composite laminates were prepared by hot pressing. The type I interlaminar fracture toughness, ballistic resistance, and wave transmission properties of the composite laminates with and without nanofiber membrane insertion were characterized.

[0045] Table 1

[0046] Example 2:

[0047] The nanofiber membrane in this embodiment is prepared by electrospinning using an aromatic polyamide as the raw material. The specific parameters of the electrospinning process are as follows:

[0048] The polymer mass fraction in the spinning solution is 10%.

[0049] The solvent used in the spinning solution is m-cresol.

[0050] The electrospinning process employs a roller receiving device with a tangential rotational speed of 0.4 m / s.

[0051] The distance from the nozzle tip to the receiving device is 20cm.

[0052] The potential difference between the nozzle tip and the receiving device is 25kV.

[0053] The environmental conditions for electrospinning are 25°C and 30% relative humidity.

[0054] Micrographs of the obtained nanofiber membranes are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the specific parameters of the nanofiber membrane are as follows:

[0055] The thickness of the nanofiber membrane is 24 μm.

[0056] The areal density of the nanofiber membrane is 4.5 gsm.

[0057] The diameter of the nanofiber is 262±48nm.

[0058] Nineteen layers of nanofiber membrane were laid between 20 layers of orthogonally laid ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber-reinforced waterborne polyurethane nonwoven fabric, as shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 5 As shown in Table 2, composite laminates were prepared by hot pressing. The type I interlaminar fracture toughness, ballistic resistance, and wave transmission properties of the composite laminates with and without nanofiber membrane insertion were characterized.

[0059] Table 2

[0060]

[0061] Example 3:

[0062] The nanofiber membrane in this embodiment is prepared from polyimide using an electrospinning process. The specific electrospinning process parameters are as follows:

[0063] The polymer mass fraction in the spinning solution is 10%.

[0064] The solvent used in the spinning solution is N,N-dimethylacetamide.

[0065] The electrospinning process employs a roller receiving device with a tangential rotational speed of 0.4 m / s.

[0066] The distance from the nozzle tip to the receiving device is 20cm.

[0067] The potential difference between the nozzle tip and the receiving device is 30kV.

[0068] The environmental conditions for electrospinning are 25°C and 30% relative humidity.

[0069] Micrographs of the obtained nanofiber membranes are shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the specific parameters of the nanofiber membrane are as follows:

[0070] The thickness of the nanofiber membrane is 20 μm.

[0071] The areal density of the nanofiber membrane is 3.5 gsm.

[0072] The diameter of the nanofiber filament is 176±42nm.

[0073] Nineteen layers of nanofiber membrane were laid between 20 layers of orthogonally laid ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber-reinforced waterborne polyurethane nonwoven fabric, as shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 5 As shown in Table 3, composite laminates were prepared by hot pressing. The type I interlaminar fracture toughness, ballistic resistance, and wave transmission properties of the composite laminates with and without nanofiber membrane insertion were characterized.

[0074] Table 3

[0075]

[0076] Example 4:

[0077] The nanofiber membrane in this embodiment is prepared from polyethylene using an electrospinning process. The specific electrospinning process parameters are as follows:

[0078] The polymer mass fraction in the spinning solution is 10%.

[0079] The solvent used in the spinning solution is chloroform.

[0080] The electrospinning process employs a roller receiving device with a tangential rotational speed of 0.4 m / s.

[0081] The distance from the nozzle tip to the receiving device is 20cm.

[0082] The potential difference between the nozzle tip and the receiving device is 30kV.

[0083] The environmental conditions for electrospinning are 25°C and 30% relative humidity.

[0084] Micrographs of the obtained nanofiber membranes are shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the specific parameters of the nanofiber membrane are as follows:

[0085] The thickness of the nanofiber membrane is 20 μm.

[0086] The areal density of the nanofiber membrane is 3.5 gsm.

[0087] The diameter of the nanofiber is 123±42nm.

[0088] Nineteen layers of nanofiber membrane were laid between 20 layers of orthogonally laid ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber-reinforced waterborne polyurethane nonwoven fabric, as shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 5 As shown in Table 4, composite laminates were prepared by hot pressing. The type I interlaminar fracture toughness, ballistic resistance, and wave transmission properties of the composite laminates with and without nanofiber membrane insertion were characterized.

[0089] Table 4

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] This invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Without departing from the concept of this invention, it may include more other equivalent embodiments, and the scope of this invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A nanofiber membrane that can improve the bulletproof and wave-transmitting properties of composite laminates, characterized in that, Nanofiber membranes are composed of nanofibers that are randomly oriented in-plane.

2. The nanofiber membrane according to claim 1, which can improve the bulletproof and wave-transmitting properties of composite laminates, is characterized in that, The nanofibers are composed of one or a mixture of several of the following: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, and fluororubber.

3. The nanofiber membrane according to claim 1, which can improve the bulletproof and wave-transmitting performance of composite laminates, is characterized in that, The diameter of the nanofiber filaments is 50-500 nm.

4. The nanofiber membrane according to claim 1, which can improve the bulletproof and wave-transmitting properties of composite laminates, is characterized in that, The thickness of the nanofiber membrane is 5-50 μm.

5. The nanofiber membrane according to claim 1, which can improve the bulletproof and wave-transmitting properties of composite laminates, is characterized in that, The areal density of the nanofiber membrane is 1-10 gsm.

6. A method for preparing a nanofiber membrane that can improve the bulletproof and wave-transmitting properties of composite laminates, used to prepare the nanofiber membrane that can improve the bulletproof and wave-transmitting properties of composite laminates as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, This is achieved through electrospinning technology. The specific process parameters used in the electrospinning process are as follows: The solvent used in the spinning solution is one or a mixture of water, ethanol, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexane, and m-cresol; The polymer mass fraction in the spinning solution is 6%-20%; Electrospinning uses a roller receiving device with a tangential rotation speed of 0.2-0.8 m / s; The distance from the nozzle tip to the receiving device is 5-30cm; The potential difference between the nozzle tip and the receiving device is 10-50kV; The environmental conditions for electrospinning are 20-30℃ and 20-40% relative humidity.

7. A wave-transparent bulletproof composite laminate, characterized in that, The composite material laminate is prepared by lamination of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced waterborne polyurethane nonwoven or woven fabric and nanofiber membrane as described in any one of claims 1 to 5. The nanofiber membrane is inserted between layers during the layup process of non-woven or woven fabrics.

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