Protective device for cutting excavation

Abstract

The protective device comprises a fixing frame connected to a construction vehicle, a connecting frame is connected to the fixing frame, a supporting frame is rotatably connected to one side of the connecting frame, a positioning plate is slidably connected to the supporting frame, and a rockfall treatment mechanism and a compaction mechanism are arranged on the positioning plate; the fallen stone processing mechanism comprises a fallen stone positioning frame connected to the positioning plate, a scraping barrel is rotationally connected to the fallen stone positioning frame, a plurality of convex blocks are fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the scraping barrel, a motor is fixedly connected to the fallen stone positioning frame, and an output shaft of the motor is fixed to the scraping barrel; the compacting mechanism comprises a compacting positioning frame fixedly connected to the rack, a material pressing barrel is rotationally connected to the compacting positioning frame, and a material pressing assembly for conducting reciprocating vibration on the inner wall of the material pressing barrel is arranged in the material pressing barrel. The slope protection device has the effects that falling rocks on a slope can be treated, soil on the slope can be compacted, falling rocks and water and soil loss are reduced, and the stability of the slope is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of edge protection technology, and in particular to a protective device for road cut excavation. Background Technology

[0002] In highway construction, cut excavation is a crucial initial step in forming the roadbed. Its core is to create a slope structure that conforms to the design elevation and gradient by excavating mountains or high ground. However, after cut excavation, the surface soil of the slope becomes loose due to the destruction of the original geological structure, and broken rock fragments and gravel generated during the excavation process easily adhere to the slope surface, resulting in extremely poor initial slope stability.

[0003] During the excavation phase of the road cut, in order to achieve ecological restoration and long-term slope stability, vegetation planting and soil stabilization work is often carried out simultaneously or subsequently. However, vegetation that has not been planted for long (such as seedlings and newly sown grass seeds) has a very limited soil stabilization effect because its root system has not yet penetrated into the soil and its coverage is insufficient. It is difficult to resist the erosion of the loose surface soil of the slope by rainwater and gravity, and it is even more unable to restrain falling rocks or loose stones on the slope.

[0004] This leads to difficulties in handling rockfalls on slopes. In the early stages, loose rocks and gravel on the slope are prone to rolling and sliding under the influence of gravity, vibration, or rainwater infiltration. These falling rocks not only threaten the safety of construction personnel and equipment below, causing construction interruptions, but may also damage the already formed roadbed structure or surrounding facilities. They also cause difficulties in compacting the slope soil. The loose soil on the surface of the road cut slope (especially fine-grained soils such as clay and silt) is prone to soil erosion under the scouring of rainwater, forming gullies and further exacerbating the risk of slope instability. At the same time, the loose soil has low shear strength and is prone to local collapse under its own weight.

[0005] Therefore, in the early stages of road cut excavation, how to proactively prevent rockfalls and efficiently compact soil on loose slopes to compensate for the insufficient soil stabilization capacity of initial vegetation is a key technical requirement for ensuring construction safety, improving slope stability, and reducing later repair costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to handle falling rocks on slopes, compact the soil on slopes, reduce rockfall and soil erosion, and improve slope stability, this application provides a protective device for road cut excavation.

[0007] The protective device for roadbed excavation provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A protective device for roadbed excavation includes a fixed frame connected to a construction vehicle, a connecting frame connected to the fixed frame, a support frame rotatably connected to one side of the connecting frame, the support frame extending to the slope, a positioning plate slidably connected to the support frame, and a rockfall handling mechanism and a compaction mechanism mounted on the positioning plate. The rockfall handling mechanism includes a rockfall positioning frame connected to the positioning plate, a scraper cylinder rotatably connected to the rockfall positioning frame, multiple protrusions fixedly connected to the outer wall of the scraper cylinder, and a motor fixedly connected to the rockfall positioning frame, with the motor's output shaft fixed to the scraper cylinder. The compaction mechanism includes a compaction positioning frame fixedly connected to a frame, a compaction cylinder rotatably connected to the compaction positioning frame, and a compaction assembly reciprocatingly vibrating the inner wall of the compaction cylinder.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user operates the system, the fixed frame is connected to the vehicle. The vehicle then drives the fixed frame, connecting frame, and support frame to slide into the road cut, causing the support frame to rotate until it abuts against the inclined side of the slope. The motor drives the material-hanging cylinder to rotate, and the protrusions follow the rotation of the scraper cylinder to scrape away easily loose protruding rocks on the slope, preventing rocks from detaching from the slope and rolling down and causing damage. At the same time, the compaction cylinder compacts the soil, gravel, and mixture on the slope. The reciprocating vibration of the compaction cylinder by the compaction component generates a high-frequency impact force, forcing the soil, gravel, and mixture to overcome friction and cohesion and move relative to each other, causing the soil, gravel, and mixture to re-interlock and rearrange, ultimately achieving the "vibration compaction" effect. The protrusions scrape off larger rocks, reducing damage to the compaction cylinder from rocks. The compaction hammer is designed to treat rocks on the slope and compact the soil on the slope, reducing rockfall and soil erosion and improving the stability of the slope.

[0009] Optionally, the compaction assembly includes a crankshaft rotatably connected inside the compaction cylinder. The front and rear shafts of the crankshaft extend out of the compaction cylinder and are rotatably connected to the compaction positioning frame. A motor is fixedly connected to the compaction positioning frame, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the rear shaft of the crankshaft. A connecting rod is fixedly hinged to the crank of the crankshaft, and a pressure hammer is hinged to the end of the connecting rod away from the crank. Both ends of the compaction positioning frame are fixedly connected to bushings extending into the compaction cylinder. The compaction cylinder is rotatably connected to the outside of the bushings, and the front and rear shafts of the crankshaft are rotatably connected to the inside of the bushings. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to each bushing, and a limiting plate is fixedly connected to the connecting rod opposite to the bushing. The two limiting plates are arranged along the axial direction of the crankshaft, and the pressure hammer is located in the limiting groove formed by the two limiting plates.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user operates the material cylinder, the motor drives the crankshaft to rotate, and the crankshaft drives the crank to reciprocate, thereby driving the hammer to generate a high-frequency, pulsed impact force. This can instantly break through the friction and cohesion between material particles. For loose sand, gravel, soil and other granular materials, the impact can force small particles to quickly fill the gaps between large particles, reducing the porosity. For mixtures containing clay, the impact can break the agglomeration of clay particles, allowing moisture and air to be quickly discharged. The instantaneous explosive force of the hammer impact can more effectively overcome the downward trend of materials on slopes caused by gravity, allowing the material to be anchored to the slope surface while being compacted, improving the overall density, reducing local accumulation or loss caused by gravity, and ensuring the uniformity of compaction thickness and density.

[0011] Optionally, a baffle is provided between the scraper cylinder and the compaction cylinder on the positioning plate. A limit frame is fixedly connected to the positioning plate, and a threaded post is threadedly connected to the positioning plate. One side of the baffle extends into the limit frame, and the threaded post extends into the limit frame and is rotatably connected to the baffle.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses the equipment, the baffle is used to block the falling rocks scraped up by the scraper, reducing the amount of falling rocks splashing onto the compaction cylinder and reducing damage to the compaction cylinder.

[0013] Optionally, the rockfall positioning frame is connected to an adjustment component one, and the compaction positioning frame is connected to an adjustment component two; both the adjustment component one and the adjustment component two include a screw threaded to the positioning plate, the end of the screw extending out of the positioning plate and rotatably connected to the rockfall positioning frame or the compaction positioning frame, and a hand crank is fixedly connected to the end of the screw away from the rockfall positioning frame and the compaction positioning frame.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses the device, turning the hand crank will drive the screw to rotate, thereby adjusting the distance between the rockfall positioning frame and the compaction positioning frame and the positioning plate, and adjusting the distance between the scraper cylinder, the compaction cylinder and the slope, so that the scraper cylinder, the compaction cylinder and the slope are in closer contact.

[0015] Optionally, a sliding groove is provided on one side of the inner wall of the support frame, and the two sides of the positioning plate are slidably connected in the sliding groove. A bidirectional reciprocating screw is rotatably connected in the sliding groove on one side. One end of the bidirectional reciprocating screw extends out of the support frame, and a motor is fixedly connected to the support frame. The output shaft of the motor is fixed to the bidirectional reciprocating screw.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, when the motor is powered on, it can drive the double reciprocating screw to rotate, thereby driving the positioning plate to slide back and forth along the axial direction of the bidirectional reciprocating screw. This allows the scraper cylinder and the compaction cylinder to slide back and forth between the bottom and top of the slope, resulting in more thorough compaction of the slope and reducing compaction dead zones.

[0017] Optionally, two mounting seats are fixedly connected to the connecting frame. The mounting seats are located near the sides of the connecting frame. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the support frame. Both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the mounting seats. One end of the rotating shaft extends out of the mounting seat and is fixedly connected to a worm gear. A worm is meshed with the worm gear. A protective cover is provided on the worm gear and the worm, and the protective cover is fixedly connected to the mounting seat.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user operates the system, rotating the worm gear causes the worm wheel to rotate, which in turn causes the rotating shaft to rotate relative to the connecting frame. This allows the angle between the support frame and the connecting frame to be adjusted to adapt to slopes of different gradients. The adjustable angle of the support frame ensures that it remains in close contact with the slope surface, thereby ensuring that the scraper cylinder and compaction cylinder are in close contact with the slope. When the slope is gentle, the angle between the support frame and the connecting frame is increased, making the support frame parallel to the slope surface, avoiding the scraper cylinder and compaction cylinder from being suspended or over-compressed due to angle deviation. When the slope is steep, the angle between the support frame and the connecting frame is decreased, making the scraper cylinder and compaction cylinder on the support frame press tightly against the slope. The adjustment of the angle is the basis for ensuring the compaction quality of slopes with different gradients.

[0019] Optionally, a reinforcing rod is hinged to the middle of the support frame, and a sliding seat is hinged to the end of the reinforcing rod away from the support frame. Sliding grooves are provided on both sides of the connecting frame, and the sliding seat is slidably connected in the sliding groove. An emergency locking component is provided between the sliding groove and the sliding seat. The emergency locking component is used to fix and lock the support frame when the support frame is subjected to a violent impact.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, the reinforcing rod forms a triangle between the support frame and the connecting frame, which limits the excessive rotation of the connecting frame and the support frame around the pivot axis and increases the stability between the connecting frame and the support frame. When there are large protrusions or depressions on the slope, the scraper cylinder or compaction cylinder may be subjected to external impact or become suspended. The emergency locking component can lock the sliding seat and the connecting frame in time, reducing the repeated rigid impacts between the scraper cylinder, compaction cylinder and the protrusion on the support frame, and reducing the swaying of the support frame under its own weight due to the depression of the slope.

[0021] Optionally, the emergency locking assembly includes locking blocks fixedly connected to both sides of the sliding seat. The locking blocks have multiple inclined surfaces near both ends, and notches are provided on both sides near the middle of the locking blocks. Elastic strips are provided in the notches. Multiple limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sliding groove. The limiting blocks are distributed along the length of the sliding groove. The limiting blocks have inclined surfaces. A locking groove is formed between two adjacent limiting blocks. The locking groove is used to engage the locking blocks.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, when the scraper or pressure cylinder at the bottom of the support frame encounters a large protrusion, the support frame flips upward, thereby pushing the reinforcing rod to flip upward. When the reinforcing rod drives the locking block to flip downward, the side of the locking block away from the frame engages with the locking groove of the limit block. Similarly, when the support frame encounters a depression and flips downward, the reinforcing rod drives the locking seat to flip upward, causing the side of the locking block near the support frame to engage with the locking groove, thus achieving emergency locking of the support frame. This reduces rigid collisions between the support frame and large protrusions, and also reduces the swaying of the support frame under its own weight when encountering a depression, extending the service life of the support frame.

[0023] Optionally, a fixed rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the connecting frame, and a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder are fixedly connected inside the fixed frame. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame, and the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the fixed rod. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame away from the first hydraulic cylinder, and the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the side of the fixed rod away from the first hydraulic cylinder. Multiple guide holes are opened on the fixed rod, and multiple guide posts are fixedly connected inside the fixed frame. The guide posts are slidably connected to the guide holes. A reference detection component is connected to the support frame. The reference detection component is used to detect whether the support frame is horizontal during the sliding process. When the support frame deviates during the movement, the first hydraulic cylinder or the second hydraulic cylinder is controlled to adjust the position of the support frame.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses the support frame, it slides along the slope following the moving vehicle, so that the top scraper and compaction cylinder on the support frame come into contact with the slope. When the slope has a bulge or depression, the reference detection component can control the action of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder to ensure that the scraper and compaction cylinder on the support frame always come into contact with the slope surface, so as to more thoroughly deal with the rockfall on the slope and reduce the dead corners of slope compaction.

[0025] Optionally, the reference detection assembly includes a positioning seat fixedly connected to a support frame. A clearance groove is provided in the middle of the positioning seat. A buffer spring one and a buffer spring two are fixedly connected to both sides of the clearance groove, respectively. The buffer spring one is located close to the support frame. An arc-shaped plate one is fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring one, and an arc-shaped plate two is fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring two. The arc-shaped plate one and the arc-shaped plate two are interlocked. A proximity switch one and a proximity switch two are respectively provided on the inner walls of the arc-shaped plate one and the arc-shaped plate two. The proximity switch one and the proximity switch two are used to control the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder, respectively. A reference shaft is provided inside the arc-shaped plate one and the arc-shaped plate two. Reference rods are provided on both sides of the reference shaft. The reference rods are used to fix the plate to the slope.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, when the scraper and compaction cylinder on the support frame are in operation, the support frame moves with the vehicle. If the support frame encounters an obstacle and flips upward, the reference axis arc plate one approaches, proximity switch one controls the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder one to retract, and proximity switch two controls the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder to extend, pushing the connecting frame to slide upward along the fixed frame, thereby driving the support frame to slide away from the slope. When the support frame encounters a slope depression and flips downward, the reference axis arc plate two approaches, proximity switch two controls the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder two to retract, and proximity switch one controls the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder to extend, pushing the connecting frame to slide downward along the fixed frame, driving the support frame to approach the slope, ensuring that the scraper and compaction cylinder on the support frame are always in contact with the slope surface, making the treatment of slope rockfall more thorough and reducing dead corners in slope compaction.

[0027] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. A support frame extending to the slope is provided, on which a rockfall handling mechanism and a compaction mechanism are installed. The rockfall handling mechanism includes a rockfall positioning frame connected to a positioning plate, a scraper cylinder rotatably connected to the rockfall positioning frame, multiple protrusions fixedly connected to the outer wall of the scraper cylinder, and a motor fixedly connected to the rockfall positioning frame, with the motor's output shaft fixed to the scraper cylinder. The compaction mechanism includes a compaction positioning frame fixedly connected to a machine frame, a pressing cylinder rotatably connected to the compaction positioning frame, a crankshaft inside the pressing cylinder, and the front and rear shafts of the crankshaft extending out of the pressing cylinder and rotatably connected to the compaction positioning frame. A motor is fixedly connected to the compaction positioning frame. The output shaft is fixed to the rear end of the crankshaft. A connecting rod is fixedly hinged to the crank of the crankshaft. A pressure hammer is hinged to the end of the connecting rod away from the crank, causing the support frame to rotate to abut against the inclined side of the slope. The motor drives the material hanging cylinder to rotate, and the protrusion follows the rotation of the scraping cylinder to scrape off the loose protruding rocks on the slope, preventing the rocks from falling off the slope and causing damage. At the same time, the pressure cylinder compacts the soil, sand, gravel, and mixture on the slope. The motor drives the crankshaft to rotate, and the crankshaft drives the crank to reciprocate, which drives the pressure hammer to generate high-frequency, pulse-like impact force. This can instantly break through the friction and cohesion between material particles, reduce rockfall and soil erosion, and improve the stability of the slope. 2. A reinforcing rod is hinged to the middle of the support frame, and a sliding seat is hinged to the end of the reinforcing rod away from the support frame. The sliding seat is slidably connected to the connecting frame. Locking blocks are located on both sides of the sliding seat. Multiple inclined surfaces are formed near the ends of the locking blocks. Notches are formed on both sides of the locking blocks near the middle, and elastic strips are installed in the notches. Multiple limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sliding groove, distributed along the length of the sliding groove. Inclined surfaces are formed on the limiting blocks, and a locking groove is formed between two adjacent limiting blocks. The locking groove is used to engage the locking blocks. The bottom of the support frame has a scraper... When the material cylinder or pressure cylinder encounters a large protrusion, the support frame flips upward, which in turn pushes the reinforcing rod to flip upward. When the reinforcing rod drives the locking block to flip downward, the side of the locking block away from the frame engages with the locking groove of the limit block. Similarly, when the support frame encounters a depression and flips downward, the reinforcing rod drives the locking seat to flip upward, so that the side of the locking block near the support frame engages with the locking groove, thus locking the support frame in an emergency. This reduces rigid collisions between the support frame and large protrusions, and also reduces the swaying of the support frame under its own weight when encountering a depression, extending the service life of the support frame. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a sectional view made to highlight the rockfall handling and compaction mechanisms; Figure 3 This is a sectional view made to highlight the compaction mechanism; Figure 4 This is an exploded view created to highlight the pivot point; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of part A.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Fixing frame; 11. First hydraulic cylinder; 12. Second hydraulic cylinder; 13. Reference detection assembly; 131. Positioning seat; 132. Clearance groove; 133. Buffer spring one; 134. Buffer spring two; 135. Arc plate one; 136. Arc plate two; 137. Proximity switch one; 138. Proximity switch two; 139. Reference shaft; 1391. Reference rod; 2. Connecting frame; 21. Mounting seat; 22. Reinforcing rod; 23. Sliding groove; 231. Limiting block; 232. Locking groove; 24. Sliding seat; 241. Locking block; 242. Notch groove; 243. Elastic strip; 25. Fixing rod; 26. 1. Guide hole; 3. Support frame; 31. Slide groove; 32. Bidirectional reciprocating screw; 33. Rotating shaft; 34. Worm gear; 35. Worm; 36. Protective cover; 4. Positioning plate; 5. Rock handling mechanism; 51. Rock positioning frame; 52. Scraper cylinder; 53. Protrusion; 54. Adjustment component one; 541. Screw; 542. Hand crank; 6. Compaction mechanism; 61. Compaction positioning frame; 62. Pressing cylinder; 63. Pressing component; 631. Crankshaft; 632. Connecting rod; 633. Press hammer; 64. Bushing; 641. Connecting rod; 642. Limiting plate; 65. Adjustment component two; 7. Baffle; 71. Limiting frame; 72. Threaded column. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-7 This application will be described in further detail.

[0031] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0033] This application discloses a protective device for roadbed excavation, referring to... Figure 1 The system includes a fixed frame 1 connected to a construction vehicle, a connecting frame 2 connected to the fixed frame 1, a support frame 3 rotatably connected to one side of the connecting frame 2, and a positioning plate 4 slidably connected to the support frame 3. The positioning plate 4 is equipped with a rockfall treatment mechanism 5 and a compaction mechanism 6. The fixed frame 1 is connected to the construction vehicle; the movement of the vehicle moves the fixed frame 1, connecting frame 2, and support frame 3 together, allowing the support frame 3 to rotate to contact the inclined side of the slope. This enables the rockfall treatment mechanism 5 and the compaction mechanism 6 to operate on the slope, achieving the purpose of treating fallen rocks and compacting the soil, strengthening slope protection, and improving slope stability.

[0034] Reference Figure 2 Specifically, the rockfall handling mechanism 5 includes a rockfall positioning frame 51 connected to the positioning plate 4 and a scraper cylinder 52 rotatably connected to the rockfall positioning frame 51. The scraper cylinder 52 is typically a cylindrical structure with multiple protrusions 53 fixedly connected to its outer wall. The protrusions 53 can be wedge-shaped or hook-shaped. The wedge-shaped protrusions 53 can more easily cut into the connection between the rockfall and the slope with their sharp heads, scraping the rockfall off; the hook-shaped protrusions 53 can hook larger rocks, increasing the success rate of scraping. A motor is fixedly connected to the rockfall positioning frame 51, and the output shaft of the motor is fixed to the scraper cylinder 52. The motor, as a power source, drives the scraper cylinder 52 to rotate, causing the protrusions 53 to rotate with the scraper cylinder 52, thereby scraping away easily loosened protruding rocks on the slope and preventing rocks from detaching from the slope and rolling down, causing damage. In practical applications, the motor can also be replaced with a hydraulic motor, which has advantages such as high torque and a wide speed range, and can better adapt to different working conditions.

[0035] An adjustment component 54 is connected to the rockfall positioning frame 51. The adjustment component 54 includes a screw 541 threaded onto the positioning plate 4. The end of the screw 541 extends out of the positioning plate 4 and is rotatably connected to the rockfall positioning frame 51. A handwheel 542 is fixedly connected to the end of the screw 541 away from the rockfall positioning frame 51 and the compaction positioning frame 61. Rotating the handwheel 542 drives the screw 541 to rotate, thereby adjusting the distance between the rockfall positioning frame 51 and the positioning plate 4, which in turn adjusts the distance between the scraper cylinder 52 and the slope, making the scraper cylinder 52 more tightly contact the slope and improving operational efficiency. In highly automated scenarios, the handwheel 542 can also be replaced with an electric actuator for automatic adjustment.

[0036] The combination logic of the scraper cylinder 52 and the rock-falling positioning frame 51 is as follows: the rock-falling positioning frame 51 provides support and a mounting base for the scraper cylinder 52, and the motor drives the scraper cylinder 52 to rotate, so that the protrusion 53 can play the role of scraping away the fallen rocks. This combination method utilizes the principle of rotational motion, converting the power of the motor into the circumferential motion of the scraper cylinder 52, thereby realizing the processing of fallen rocks.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 Specifically, the compaction mechanism 6 includes a compaction positioning frame 61 fixedly connected to the frame and a pressing cylinder 62 rotatably connected to the compaction positioning frame 61. A pressing assembly 63 is installed inside the pressing cylinder 62 to reciprocate and vibrate the inner wall of the pressing cylinder 62. The pressing cylinder 62 is hollow. The pressing assembly 63 includes a crankshaft 631 rotatably connected inside the pressing cylinder 62. The front and rear shafts of the crankshaft 631 extend out of the pressing cylinder 62 and are rotatably connected to the compaction positioning frame 61. A motor is fixedly connected to the compaction positioning frame 61. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the rear shaft of the crankshaft 631. A connecting rod 632 is fixedly hinged to the crank of the crankshaft 631, and a pressure hammer 633 is hinged to the end of the connecting rod 632 away from the crank. The compaction positioning frame 61 has bushings 64 that extend into the pressing cylinder 62 at both ends. The pressing cylinder 62 is rotatably connected to the outside of the bushings 64. The front and rear shafts of the crankshaft 631 are rotatably connected to the inside of the bushings 64. Each bushing 64 has a connecting rod 641 fixedly connected to it. Limiting plates 642 are fixedly connected to the corresponding connecting rods 641 of the bushings 64. The two limiting plates 642 are arranged along the axial direction of the crankshaft 631. The pressure hammer 633 is located in the limiting groove formed by the two limiting plates 642.

[0038] When the motor drives the crankshaft 631 to rotate, the crank of the crankshaft 631 makes a circular motion, which drives the hammer 633 to reciprocate through the connecting rod 632, generating a high-frequency impact force on the inner wall of the compaction cylinder 62. This impact force is transmitted to the outside of the compaction cylinder 62, forcing the soil, sand, gravel, and mixture to overcome friction and cohesion and move relative to each other, causing them to re-interlock and ultimately achieve the "vibration compaction" effect. The function of the limiting plate 642 is to limit the movement of the hammer 633, ensuring that the hammer 633 moves within a specified range and improving the stability of the compaction effect.

[0039] The combination logic of the compaction cylinder 62 and the compaction assembly 63 is as follows: the compaction cylinder 62 compacts the soil, gravel, and mixture on the slope during rotation, while the compaction assembly 63 provides high-frequency impact force to the compaction cylinder 62, enhancing the compaction effect. The two work together to achieve effective compaction of the slope soil by utilizing the principles of mechanical motion and impact force.

[0040] Adjustment component 2 65 is connected to the compaction positioning frame 61. Adjustment component 2 65 has the same structure as adjustment component 1 54, and will not be described further here. Rotating the handwheel 542 drives the screw 541 to rotate, thereby adjusting the distance between the compaction positioning frame 61 and the positioning plate 4, which in turn adjusts the distance between the compaction cylinder and the slope, making the compaction cylinder fit more tightly against the slope and improving the working effect. In highly automated scenarios, the handwheel 542 can also be replaced with an electric actuator to achieve automatic adjustment.

[0041] A baffle 7 is installed between the scraper cylinder 52 and the compaction cylinder, with the positioning plate 4 positioned between them. A limit frame 71 is fixedly connected to the positioning plate 4, and a threaded post 72 is threadedly connected to it. One side of the baffle 7 extends into the limit frame 71, and the threaded post 72 extends into the limit frame 71 and is rotatably connected to the baffle 7. The baffle 7 is generally a flat structure and can be made of plastic or metal. When the scraper cylinder 52 scrapes up falling rocks, the baffle 7 can block them, reducing the amount of rocks splashing into the compaction cylinder and thus reducing damage to it. By rotating the threaded post 72, the position of the baffle 7 can be adjusted to better block falling rocks.

[0042] A groove 31 is provided on one side of the inner wall of the support frame 3. The two sides of the positioning plate 4 are slidably connected to the groove 31. A bidirectional reciprocating screw 32 is rotatably connected in one side of the groove 31. One end of the bidirectional reciprocating screw 32 extends out of the support frame 3. A motor is fixedly connected to the support frame 3, and the output shaft of the motor is fixed to the bidirectional reciprocating screw 32. After the motor is powered on, it drives the double reciprocating screw to rotate, which in turn drives the positioning plate 4 to slide back and forth along the axial direction of the bidirectional reciprocating screw 32. This causes the scraper cylinder 52 and the compaction cylinder to slide back and forth between the bottom and top of the slope, resulting in more thorough compaction of the slope and reducing compaction dead zones.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4Two mounting seats 21 are fixedly connected to the connecting frame 2, located near the sides of the connecting frame 2. A rotating shaft 33 is fixedly connected to the support frame 3, with both ends of the rotating shaft 33 rotatably connected to the mounting seats 21. One end of the rotating shaft 33 extends out of the mounting seat 21 and is fixedly connected to a worm gear 34. A worm 35 meshes with the worm gear 34. A protective cover 36 is fitted over the worm gear 34 and the worm 35, and the protective cover 36 is fixedly connected to the mounting seat 21. Rotating the worm 35 causes the worm gear 34 to rotate, which in turn causes the rotating shaft 33 to rotate relative to the connecting frame 2. This allows the angle between the support frame 3 and the connecting frame 2 to be adjustable to adapt to slopes of different gradients. The adjustable angle of the support frame 3 ensures that it remains in contact with the slope surface, thereby ensuring that the scraper cylinder 52 and the compaction cylinder are in contact with the slope. When the slope is gentle, increase the angle between the support frame 3 and the connecting frame 2 so that the support frame 3 is parallel to the slope surface, avoiding the scraper cylinder 52 and the compaction cylinder from being suspended or over-compressed due to angle deviation; when the slope is steep, decrease the angle between the support frame 3 and the connecting frame 2 so that the scraper cylinder 52 and the compaction cylinder on the support frame 3 are tightly pressed on the slope, ensuring the compaction quality of slopes with different slopes.

[0044] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 In addition, a reinforcing rod 22 is hinged to the middle of the support frame 3, and a sliding seat 24 is hinged to the end of the reinforcing rod 22 away from the support frame 3. Sliding grooves 23 are provided on both sides of the connecting frame 2. The sliding seat 24 is slidably connected in the sliding grooves 23. Locking blocks 241 are fixedly connected to both sides of the sliding seat 24. Multiple inclined surfaces are provided near the two ends of the locking blocks 241. Notch grooves 242 are provided on both sides of the locking blocks 241 near the middle. Elastic strips 243 are provided in the notch grooves 242. Multiple limiting blocks 231 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sliding groove 23. The limiting blocks 231 are distributed along the length direction of the sliding groove 23. Inclined surfaces are provided on the limiting blocks 231. A locking groove 232 is formed between two adjacent limiting blocks 231. The locking groove 232 is used to engage the locking blocks 241.

[0045] The reinforcing rod 22 forms a triangle between the support frame 3 and the connecting frame 2, which limits the excessive rotation of the connecting frame 2 and the support frame 3 around the pivot 33 and increases the stability between the connecting frame 2 and the support frame 3. As the support frame 3 rotates downward around the pivot 33, the sliding seat 24 slides within the sliding groove 23. The elastic strip 243 deforms upon encountering the limiting block 231, without interfering with the horizontal sliding of the sliding seat 24. When there is a large protrusion on the slope, the support frame 3 rotates upward, thereby pushing the reinforcing rod 22 to rotate upward. When the reinforcing rod 22 drives the locking block 241 to rotate downward, the side of the locking block 241 away from the frame engages with the locking groove 232 of the limiting block 231. Similarly, when the support frame 3 encounters a depression and rotates downward, the reinforcing rod 22 drives the locking seat to rotate upward, causing the side of the locking block 241 near the support frame 3 to engage with the locking groove 232, thus locking the support frame 3 in an emergency. This reduces rigid collisions between the support frame 3 and large protrusions, and also reduces the swaying of the support frame 3 under its own weight when encountering a depression, extending the service life of the support frame 3.

[0046] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 7 A fixing rod 25 is fixedly connected to the middle of the connecting frame 2. A first hydraulic cylinder 11 and a second hydraulic cylinder 12 are fixedly connected inside the fixing frame 1. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing frame 1, and the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to the fixing rod 25. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing frame 1 away from the first hydraulic cylinder 11, and the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the side of the fixing rod 25 away from the first hydraulic cylinder 11. Multiple guide holes 251 are provided on the fixing rod 25. Multiple guide posts are fixedly connected inside the fixing frame 1, and the guide posts are slidably connected to the guide holes 251. A reference detection component 13 is connected to the support frame 3. The reference detection component 13 is used to detect whether the support frame 3 is horizontal during the sliding process. When the support frame 3 deviates during the movement, the first hydraulic cylinder 11 or the second hydraulic cylinder 12 is controlled to adjust the position of the support frame 3.

[0047] The reference detection component 13 includes a positioning seat 131 fixedly connected to the support frame 3. A clearance groove 132 is provided in the middle of the positioning seat 131. A buffer spring 133 and a buffer spring 134 are fixedly connected to both sides of the clearance groove 132, respectively. The buffer spring 133 is located close to the support frame 3. An arc plate 135 is fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring 133. An arc plate 136 is fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring 134. The arc plate 135 and the arc plate 136 are interlocked. A proximity switch 137 and a proximity switch 138 are respectively provided on the inner walls of the arc plate 135 and the arc plate 136. The proximity switches 137 and 138 are used to control the first hydraulic cylinder 11 and the second hydraulic cylinder 12, respectively. A reference shaft 139 is provided inside the arc plate 135 and the arc plate 136. Reference rods 1391 are provided on both sides of the reference shaft 139. The reference rods 1391 are used to fix on the slope. When the scraper cylinder 52 and compaction cylinder on the support frame 3 are in operation, the support frame 3 follows the vehicle. If the support frame 3 encounters an obstacle and flips upward, the reference shaft 139 moves closer to the arc plate 135, the proximity switch 137 controls the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 to retract, and the proximity switch 138 controls the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 12 to extend, pushing the connecting frame 2 to slide upward along the fixed frame 1, thereby driving the support frame 3 to slide away from the slope. When the support frame 3 encounters a slope depression and flips downward, the reference shaft 139 moves closer to the arc plate 136, the proximity switch 138 controls the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 2 to retract, and the proximity switch 137 controls the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 11 to extend, pushing the connecting frame 2 to slide downward along the fixed frame 1, driving the support frame 3 to move closer to the slope, ensuring that the scraper cylinder 52 and compaction cylinder on the support frame 3 are always in contact with the slope surface, making the treatment of slope rockfall more thorough and reducing dead corners in slope compaction.

[0048] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: This protective device, through the coordinated work of its various components, achieves the functions of handling falling rocks and compacting soil on the excavated slope of the road cut. The falling rock handling mechanism 5 uses the rotation of the scraper cylinder 52 and the protrusion 53 to scrape away easily loose falling rocks, preventing the hazards of falling rocks rolling down; the compaction mechanism 6 compacts the slope soil through the rotation of the compaction cylinder 62 and the reciprocating vibration of the compaction assembly 63. At the same time, the setting of the adjustment component, the emergency locking component, and the benchmark detection component 13 improves the adaptability and stability of the device, enabling it to cope with slopes of different gradients and complex working conditions, reducing falling rocks and soil erosion, improving slope stability, ensuring construction safety, and reducing subsequent repair costs.

[0049] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A protective device for roadbed excavation, characterized in that: Includes a fixed frame (1) connected to the construction vehicle, a connecting frame (2) connected to the fixed frame (1), a support frame (3) rotatably connected to one side of the connecting frame (2), the support frame (3) is used to extend to the slope, a positioning plate (4) is slidably connected to the support frame (3), and a rockfall handling mechanism (5) and a compaction mechanism (6) are provided on the positioning plate (4); The rockfall handling mechanism (5) includes a rockfall positioning frame (51) connected to the positioning plate (4), a scraper cylinder (52) is rotatably connected to the rockfall positioning frame (51), a plurality of protrusions (53) are fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the scraper cylinder (52), and a motor is fixedly connected to the rockfall positioning frame (51), with the output shaft of the motor fixed to the scraper cylinder (52). The compaction mechanism (6) includes a compaction positioning frame (61) fixedly connected to the frame, a pressing cylinder (62) rotatably connected to the compaction positioning frame (61), and a pressing assembly (63) for reciprocating vibration of the inner wall of the pressing cylinder (62) is provided inside the pressing cylinder (62).

2. The protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compaction assembly includes a crankshaft (631) rotatably connected inside the compaction cylinder (62). The front and rear shafts of the crankshaft (631) extend out of the compaction cylinder (62) and are rotatably connected to the compaction positioning frame (61). A motor is fixedly connected to the compaction positioning frame (61). The output shaft of the motor is fixed to the rear shaft of the crankshaft (631). A connecting rod (632) is fixedly hinged to the crank of the crankshaft (631). A pressure hammer (633) is hinged to the end of the connecting rod (632) away from the crank. The compaction positioning frame (61) has bushings (64) that extend into the pressing cylinder (62) at both ends. The pressing cylinder (62) is rotatably connected to the outside of the bushings (64). The front and rear shafts of the crankshaft (631) are rotatably connected to the bushings (64). Each bushing (64) has a connecting rod (641) fixedly connected to it. The connecting rods (641) opposite to the bushings (64) have fixedly connected limit plates (642). The two limit plates (642) are arranged along the axial direction of the crankshaft (631). The pressure hammer (633) is located in the limit groove formed by the two limit plates (642).

3. A protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning plate (4) is located between the scraper cylinder (52) and the compaction cylinder and is provided with a baffle (7). A limiting frame (71) is fixedly connected to the positioning plate (4). A threaded post (72) is threadedly connected to the positioning plate (4). One side of the baffle (7) extends into the limiting frame (71), and the threaded post (72) extends into the limiting frame (71) and is rotatably connected to the baffle (7).

4. A protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rockfall positioning frame (51) is connected to an adjustment component one (54), and the compaction positioning frame (61) is connected to an adjustment component two (65). Both the adjustment component one (54) and the adjustment component two (65) include a screw (541) threadedly connected to the positioning plate (4). The end of the screw (541) extends out of the positioning plate (4) and is rotatably connected to the rockfall positioning frame (51) or the compaction positioning frame (61). A hand crank (542) is fixedly connected to the end of the screw (541) away from the rockfall positioning frame (51) and the compaction positioning frame (61).

5. A protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the support frame (3) is provided with a sliding groove (31) on one side. The two sides of the positioning plate (4) are slidably connected in the sliding groove (31). A bidirectional reciprocating screw (32) is rotatably connected in the sliding groove (31) on one side. One end of the bidirectional reciprocating screw (32) extends out of the support frame (3). A motor is fixedly connected on the support frame (3). The output shaft of the motor is fixed to the bidirectional reciprocating screw (32).

6. A protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two mounting seats (21) are fixedly connected to the connecting frame (2). The mounting seats (21) are located near the sides of the connecting frame (2). A rotating shaft (33) is fixedly connected to the support frame (3). Both ends of the rotating shaft (33) are rotatably connected to the mounting seats (21). One end of the rotating shaft (33) extends out of the mounting seat (21) and is fixedly connected to a worm gear (34). A worm (35) is meshed with the worm gear (34). A protective cover (36) is provided on the worm gear (34) and the worm (35). The protective cover (36) is fixedly connected to the mounting seat (21).

7. A protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reinforcing rod (22) is hinged to the middle of the support frame (3). A sliding seat (24) is hinged to the end of the reinforcing rod (22) away from the support frame (3). Sliding grooves (23) are provided on both sides of the connecting frame (2). The sliding seat (24) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (23). An emergency locking assembly is provided between the sliding groove (23) and the sliding seat (24). The emergency locking assembly is used to fix and lock the support frame (3) when the support frame (3) is subjected to a violent collision.

8. A protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The emergency locking assembly includes locking blocks (241) fixedly connected to both sides of the sliding seat (24). The locking blocks (241) have multiple inclined surfaces near both ends. The locking blocks (241) have notches (242) on both sides near the middle. An elastic strip (243) is provided in the notch (242). Multiple limiting blocks (231) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sliding groove (23). The limiting blocks (231) are distributed along the length of the sliding groove (23). The limiting blocks (231) have inclined surfaces. A locking groove (232) is formed between two adjacent limiting blocks (231). The locking groove (232) is used to engage the locking blocks (241).

9. A protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing rod (25) is fixedly connected to the middle of the connecting frame (2). A first hydraulic cylinder (11) and a second hydraulic cylinder (12) are fixedly connected inside the fixing frame (1). The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing frame (1), and the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to the fixing rod (25). The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing frame (1) away from the first hydraulic cylinder (11), and the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to the fixing rod (25) away from the first hydraulic cylinder (11). On one side away from the first hydraulic cylinder (11), a number of guide holes (251) are provided on the fixed rod (25). A number of guide columns are fixedly connected inside the fixed frame (1). The guide columns are slidably connected in the guide holes (251). A reference detection component (13) is connected on the support frame (3). The reference detection component (13) is used to detect whether the support frame (3) is horizontal during the sliding process. When the support frame (3) deviates during the movement, the first hydraulic cylinder (11) or the second hydraulic cylinder (12) is controlled to adjust the position of the support frame (3).

10. A protective device for roadbed excavation according to claim 9, characterized in that: The reference detection component (13) includes a positioning seat (131) fixedly connected to the support frame (3). A clearance groove (132) is provided in the middle of the positioning seat (131). A buffer spring one (133) and a buffer spring two (134) are fixedly connected to both sides of the clearance groove (132). The buffer spring one (133) is located close to the support frame (3). An arc-shaped plate one (135) is fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring one (133). An arc-shaped plate two (136) is fixedly connected to the end of the buffer spring two (134). The arc-shaped plate one (135) The two arc-shaped plates (136) are interlocked. The inner walls of the arc-shaped plates (135) and (136) are respectively equipped with proximity switches (137) and (138). The proximity switches (137) and (138) are used to control the first hydraulic cylinder (11) and the second hydraulic cylinder (12). The arc-shaped plates (135) and (136) are equipped with reference shafts (139). Reference rods (1391) are provided on both sides of the reference shafts (139). The reference rods (1391) are used to fix the plate to the slope.

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