Prefabricated assembly type formwork system for controlling flatness of concrete and preparation method

Abstract

The invention provides a prefabricated assembly type formwork system for controlling the flatness of concrete and a preparation method, and relates to the field of prefabricated assembly type formworks, the prefabricated assembly type formwork system comprises a formwork mechanism which is formed by splicing a plurality of formworks, and the splicing positions of the adjacent formworks are tightly attached through double-faced adhesive tape with the same thickness and width as the formworks to prevent slurry leakage. According to the back ridge mechanism, hollow square steel is adopted as a back ridge, square holes are reserved in the upper side of the square steel, the interval of the square holes is a first interval, self-tapping screw holes are reserved in the lower side of the square steel, the interval of the self-tapping screw holes is a second interval, and the back ridge mechanism is used for being fixedly connected with a formwork and achieving the effects of supporting the framework and fixing the formwork. The formwork fastening device is formed by connecting two deformed steel bars and a transverse connecting device, the transverse connecting device is a telescopic rod piece, one end of the transverse connecting device is a fixed end, the other end of the transverse connecting device is a movable end with a screw rod, the distance between the deformed steel bars is consistent with the distance between formwork split bolt holes, and a transverse rod is tensioned through a fastening nut to ensure that formworks are assembled tightly; and the water stop screw rod adopts a five-section type detachable water stop screw rod. Tightness and flatness of the abutted seam of the formwork are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precast assembled formwork, and more particularly to a precast assembled formwork system and preparation method for controlling the flatness of concrete. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, subway open-cut stations often adopt a vertical excavation method with retaining structures and internal supports. There is usually no trench outside the structural side walls. The construction of the main structure of the side walls adopts a single-sided formwork construction process. The formwork mainly uses large triangular steel molds. This formwork system has the advantages of high turnover, fewer structural joints, high concrete appearance quality, and good flatness.

[0003] However, for foundation pits excavated with slopes, due to the large trenches outside the side walls, the construction of structural side walls or central partition walls cannot use large steel formwork. Double-sided formwork and a tie-bolt support system are usually required. Currently, the main formwork systems are mostly wooden formwork with back bracing (steel pipes or square timber) and a tie-bolt system. After the reinforcement of the side walls or central partition walls is tied, the wooden formwork needs to be assembled piece by piece on-site, and then back bracing and tie bolts are added. Concrete is poured only after the formwork assembly is completed and inspected.

[0004] Due to the low rigidity of wooden formwork, on-site assembly is subject to significant errors due to the influence of the construction site and the skill level of the workers. This construction method makes it difficult to control the flatness of the formwork joints, and the joints are not tight, leading to grout leakage. After pouring, there are significant misalignments in the concrete at the formwork joints, resulting in numerous quality defects that affect the appearance and overall quality of the main structure. To address these issues, a prefabricated modular formwork system was developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a prefabricated assembled formwork system and preparation method for controlling the flatness of concrete, in order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background: due to the low rigidity of wooden formwork, the on-site assembly is affected by the construction site and the skill level of the workers, resulting in large errors. In this construction process, the flatness of the formwork joints is not easy to control, and the joints are not tight, resulting in grout leakage. After pouring, there are large misalignments in the concrete at the formwork joints, resulting in many quality defects, which affect the appearance and quality of the main structure.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention discloses a prefabricated assembled formwork system for controlling the flatness of concrete, comprising: Template structure: It is formed by splicing several templates, and the joints of adjacent templates are connected with double-sided tape of the same thickness and width as the templates; Back rib mechanism: Hollow square steel is used as the back rib. Square holes are reserved on the upper side of the square steel, with the spacing between the square holes being the first spacing. Self-tapping screw holes are reserved on the lower side, with the spacing between the self-tapping screw holes being the second spacing. This is used to fix the back rib to the template, and it plays the role of supporting the skeleton and fixing the template. Template fastening device: two threaded steels and transverse connecting device are connected, the transverse connecting device is a telescopic rod, one end is a fixed end, and the other end is a movable end with a screw rod, the threaded steel spacing is consistent with the spacing of the template opposite-pulling bolt holes, the transverse rod is pulled tightly through a fastening nut, and the tightness of the template assembly is ensured; Water stop screw rod: a five-section detachable water stop screw rod is adopted. Preferably, a wood template or a bamboo plywood with a thickness of more than 15 mm is selected, and the double-sided adhesive has a thickness of 0.8-1 mm.

[0007] Preferably, a 18 mm thick template is used, and the thickness error of the template is not more than 1 mm. Preferably, a 50*50 mm hollow square steel is used as a back ridge, a 2*2 cm square hole is reserved on the upper side of the square steel, the spacing of the 2*2 cm square hole is 50 cm, a self-tapping screw hole is reserved on the lower side, the spacing of the self-tapping screw hole is 50 cm, the self-tapping screw hole is used for fixed connection with the template, and plays a role of framework support. Two threaded steels with a length of 10-15 cm and a diameter of 16 mm and a transverse connecting device are welded to form the template fastening device.

[0008] The application also discloses a preparation method of the prefabricated assembly type template system for controlling the flatness of concrete. Step S1: construction preparation; Step S2: prefabrication and assembly of the template on site; Step S3: installation of the water stop screw rod: according to the position of the water stop screw rod hole in the template layout, the middle three sections of the five-section screw rod are fixed on the steel bar in advance, and the position, quantity and type of the reserved positions are checked by the technical personnel to avoid omission or misplacement; Step S4: template cleaning; Step S5: installation of the side wall template; the prefabricated assembly type template system is symmetrically installed on both sides of the side wall and closely attached to the steel reinforcement layer cushion block; the square steel main ridge after installation of the back ridge is pulled tightly by the opposite-pulling bolt; the double-sided adhesive is pasted between the large templates, and the splicing flatness is strictly controlled, and the error is not more than 1 mm. Step S6: pouring of concrete: according to the construction scheme, the side wall or the partition wall concrete is poured in layers and sections, the concrete falling height is strictly controlled, the string drum or the sliding pipe is used when the falling height exceeds 2 m; the thickness of each layer is not more than 500 mm, and the vibration is carried out by the fixed person and at the fixed position to avoid missed vibration or over-vibration.

[0009] Step S7: demolding and maintenance; Preferably, step S1 comprises: Step S11: preparation of materials for the prefabricated assembly type template system; Step S12: site preparation: according to the layout, the template processing area is planned in advance, the site is not less than 60 square meters, the site is hardened, the middle is high and the four sides are low, the surrounding drainage facilities are arranged, the fire extinguisher and the template processing tool are arranged according to the requirement; The step S4 comprises: Manual cleaning: using soft brush or broom, gently clean according to the texture direction of the template, and clean the sundries on the surface; for the place difficult to clean, use small brush or tweezers to clean; Wipe the surface: dip the soft cloth or sponge with cleaning agent, wipe evenly from top to bottom and from left to right, and ensure that there is no dead angle.

[0010] Preferably, the step S2 comprises: Step S21: select the template that has passed the acceptance, lay the pre-assembled template in the site according to the template layout; measure the thickness of the template with a vernier caliper, the thickness of the adjacent two templates is not more than 1mm, otherwise it needs to be replaced; Step S22: tear the double-sided adhesive tape and paste it on the side of the template, only one side of the adjacent template to be assembled is pasted; Step S23: prefabricated assembly: first, assemble the large template vertically in the height direction of the side wall, and then assemble the template horizontally along the horizontal direction, and assemble the template vertically and horizontally.

[0011] Vertical template assembly: Put the screw thread steel of the template tensioning device into the opposite pulling bolt hole of the adjacent template, tighten the bolt, and ensure that the two templates are tightly spliced; Place the square steel back bar vertically on the back of the template, and the hole is upward; one is arranged in the middle, and one is arranged on the left and right sides with a spacing of 30cm, and is fixed on the template by self-tapping screw; the template tensioning device is removed and recycled; Horizontal template assembly: After the vertical template assembly is completed, the horizontal template assembly is carried out; Paste the double-sided adhesive tape on the side of the adjacent template; put the template tensioning device into the opposite pulling bolt hole of the adjacent horizontal template, tighten the bolt, and ensure that the two templates are tightly spliced; Add a back bar square steel at the vertical template joint; the middle position of the back bar square steel is aligned with the joint; the square steel is fixed with the template by angle steel; one side of the angle steel is welded with the square steel, and the other side is reserved four 1.2cm long self-tapping screw holes for fixed connection with the template; Assemble the adjacent templates in this way; according to the length of the structure section, 5~6 blocks are assembled horizontally to form a prefabricated assembly template system; The above method is used to process the templates on the two sides of the side wall or the partition wall.

[0012] Preferably, the pouring process in the step S6 is based on a pouring arm driving a pouring pipe to pour the pouring area; the step S6 comprises: Step S61: preparation before pouring and initial parameter setting; Step S62: pouring and intelligent vibration coordination. Preferably, the step S61 comprises: Step S611: obtaining a coupling model of concrete parameters-temperature-humidity-initial setting time, collecting real-time environmental temperature and environmental humidity, determining an initial prediction value of the current concrete initial setting time based on the coupling model, and correcting the initial prediction value of the current concrete initial setting time based on the environmental-material coupling attenuation coefficient and the rheological correction coefficient to obtain a prediction value of the current concrete initial setting time; Step S612: when the monitored environmental temperature is 30-35 DEG C and the humidity is > 80%, a composite adjustment mechanism is started, the composite adjustment mechanism comprises: reducing the pouring thickness of each layer by 50 mm; advancing the concrete initial setting time warning threshold by 10%; increasing the moving speed of the pouring arm by 5% based on the original; Step S613: the concrete slump is divided into three levels, > 200 mm, 150-200 mm and < 150 mm, and the construction parameters are set correspondingly: for the concrete with a slump > 200 mm, a slow moving speed and a small flow unloading mode is adopted, the moving speed of the pouring arm is ≤0.5 m / s, and the unloading flow is 20-30 L / min; for the concrete with a slump of 150-200 mm, the moving speed of the pouring arm is 0.8-1.0 m / s, and the unloading flow is 30-40 L / min; when the concrete slump is < 150 mm, the moving speed of the pouring arm is 1.0-1.2 m / s, and the unloading flow is 40-50 L / min, and a high-frequency vibrator with a frequency of 30 Hz at the end of the pouring arm is started. Preferably, the intelligent vibration comprises: Step S621: the displacement sensor with a precision of ±0.5 cm built in the vibrating rod monitors the change of the concrete pouring thickness in real time, determines the real-time concrete target pouring thickness based on the real-time concrete pouring thickness and the slump compensation coefficient, and controls the real-time pouring based on the real-time concrete target pouring thickness; Step S621: the pressure sensor is installed on the surface of the vibrating rod, when the detected pressure increases by > 50 N, the inserting action is immediately stopped, the vibrating rod is controlled to be lifted by 5 cm upward, and then the inserting action is tried again after being offset by 3 cm laterally.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The application mainly aims at the fact that the flatness of the formwork on-site assembly during the construction process of the side wall or the partition wall of the main structure of the slope excavation is not high, the concrete pouring is easy to produce the misaligned leakage phenomenon, and the quality defects are produced, which affects the appearance and the entity quality. More labor and cost need to be invested for defect treatment, the construction difficulty is large, the treatment cost is high, the construction progress and the beauty are affected, and the construction unit is brought great negative influence.

[0014] 2. The application mainly solves the main structure construction under the condition that the side wall of the subway station structure and the partition wall in the structure need double-sided formwork, by pre-assembling the wooden formwork in the processing field, double-sided glue is added between the formwork to prevent leakage; the hole puncher is used to punch the hole of the tension bolt in advance, which is neat and uniform; the square steel with holes is used as a back rafter, the assembled formwork is fastened in advance, and the square steel is fixed at the formwork joint through self-tapping screws, so as to ensure that the formwork joint is tight and the flatness is good.

[0015] 3. The application has low cost and no additional investment. The square steel can be reused, and the formwork can be recycled for 2 to 3 times according to the actual use, which greatly reduces the cost.

[0016] 4. According to the application, the large module formwork is prefabricated in the work site, and then assembled, which saves the formwork time and improves the construction efficiency.

[0017] 5. According to the application, the concrete at the formwork joint has no misalignment and no leakage, the appearance integrity is good, and the real structure inside and the real beauty outside are realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 The composition schematic diagram of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 2 The formwork layout of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 3 The formwork hole opening diagram of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 4 The square steel hole opening diagram of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 5 The square steel and formwork reinforcement schematic diagram of the application is shown in the figure; Figure 6 The structure schematic diagram of the formwork fastening device of the application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] The present application provides a prefabricated assembly type formwork system for controlling the flatness of concrete, as shown in the drawings, comprising: Figures 1-6 Formwork mechanism: formed by splicing a plurality of formworks, and the adjacent formwork splicing positions are tightly attached by using double-sided adhesive tape with the same thickness and width as the formwork to prevent slurry leakage; Back brace mechanism: hollow square steel is used as the back brace, square holes are reserved on the upper side of the square steel, the spacing of the square holes is a first spacing, self-tapping screw holes are reserved on the lower side, the spacing of the self-tapping screw holes is a second spacing, which is used for fixed connection with the formwork, and plays a role of skeleton support and formwork fixation; Formwork fastening device: composed of two threaded steels and a transverse connecting device, the transverse connecting device is a telescopic rod, one end is a fixed end, and the other end is a movable end with a threaded rod, the spacing of the threaded steels is consistent with the spacing of the formwork pull bolt holes, the transverse rod is tightened by a fastening nut to ensure that the formwork is tightly assembled; the telescopic rod comprises: a rod body one, a first end of the rod body one is welded with a threaded steel, a sleeve is fixedly connected to the rod body one near the second end, and a 5mm thick and 5cm long square gasket is fixedly connected to the second end of the sleeve.

[0022] Water stop screw: a five-section detachable water stop screw is used, which is easy to disassemble when the formwork is removed, without cutting, to ensure the appearance quality and waterproof performance. Preferably, a wood formwork or a bamboo plywood with a thickness of more than 15mm is selected, and the thickness of the double-sided adhesive tape is 0.8-1mm, which is mainly used for the formwork joint to prevent slurry leakage.

[0023] Preferably, a 18mm thick formwork (915*1830mm in size) is used, and the thickness error of the formwork is not more than 1mm; Preferably, a 50*50mm hollow square steel is used as the back brace, 2*2cm square holes are reserved on the upper side of the square steel, the spacing of the 2*2cm square holes is 50cm, self-tapping screw holes are reserved on the lower side, the spacing of the self-tapping screw holes is 50cm, and the self-tapping screw holes are used for fixed connection with the formwork to play a role of skeleton support; Composed of two threaded steels with a length of 10-15cm and a diameter of 16mm and a transverse connecting device.

[0024] The present application also provides a preparation method of the prefabricated assembly type formwork system for controlling the flatness of concrete, comprising: ​Step S1: construction preparation; Step S2: template site prefabrication assembly; Step S3: installation of water stop screw: according to the position of the water stop screw hole in the template layout, the middle three sections of the five-section screw are fixed on the steel bar in advance, and the technical personnel check the reserved position, quantity and type to avoid omission or misplacement; Step S4: template cleaning; Step S5: side wall template installation; the assembled prefabricated assembly template system is symmetrically installed on both sides of the side wall and closely adheres to the steel reinforcement layer cushion block; the square steel main ridge (5*5 cm) after installation of the back ridge is tightened with the tensioning bolt; double-sided adhesive tape is pasted between the large template blocks, and the splicing flatness is strictly controlled, with an error of not more than 1 mm; Step S6: pouring concrete: according to the construction scheme, the side wall or partition wall concrete is poured in layers and sections, and the concrete falling height is strictly controlled, and the string drum or sliding pipe is used after exceeding 2 m; the thickness of each layer is not more than 500 mm, and the vibration is carried out by fixed person and fixed position to avoid missed vibration or over-vibration.

[0025] Step S7: form removal and maintenance; Preferably, step S1 comprises: Step S11: preparing materials for prefabricated assembly template system; Step S12: site preparation: according to the plane layout, the template processing area is planned in advance, the site is not less than 60 square meters, the site is hardened, the middle is high and the periphery is low, the surrounding drainage facilities are arranged, the fire extinguishers and template processing tools are arranged according to the requirements.

[0026] Preferably, the step S2 comprises: Step S21: selecting the templates that have passed the acceptance, laying the prefabricated templates in the site according to the template layout; measuring the thickness of the templates with a vernier caliper, and the thickness of adjacent two templates is not more than 1 mm, otherwise it needs to be replaced; Step S22: tearing the double-sided adhesive tape and pasting it on the side of the template, and only one side of the adjacent templates to be assembled is pasted; Step S23: prefabricated assembly: first, assembling the large template vertically in the height direction of the side wall, and then assembling the template horizontally along the horizontal direction, and assembling the template vertically and horizontally.

[0027] Vertical template assembly: Place the screw thread of the template tensioning device in the tensioning bolt hole of the adjacent template, tighten the bolt, and ensure that the two templates are tightly spliced; Place the square steel back ridge vertically on the back of the template, with the hole upward; one is arranged in the middle of the template, and one is arranged on each side with a spacing of 30 cm, and is fixed on the template with self-tapping screws; the template tensioning device is removed and recycled; Horizontal template assembly: After the vertical formwork is assembled, the horizontal formwork is assembled; The double-sided adhesive tape is pasted on the side surface of the adjacent formwork; the formwork tensioning device is placed in the opposite tensioning bolt hole of the adjacent horizontal formwork, the bolt is fastened, and the tight joint of the two formworks is ensured; A back bar square steel is additionally arranged at the joint of the vertical formwork; the middle position of the back bar square steel is aligned with the joint; the square steel is fixed with the formwork by using the angle steel; one side of the angle steel is welded with the square steel, and the other side is provided with four 1.2 cm long self-tapping screw holes which are fixedly connected with the formwork; The adjacent formworks are assembled by using the method; according to the length of the structure segments, 5 to 6 blocks are horizontally assembled to form the prefabricated and assembled formwork system; The inner and outer formworks of the side wall or the partition wall are processed by using the above method.

[0028] Preferably, the step S4 comprises: Manual cleaning: a soft brush or broom is used to clean gently according to the texture direction of the formwork, so that the sundries (dust, wood chips, etc.) on the surface are cleaned; for the places difficult to clean (corners, gaps, etc.), a small brush or tweezers is used for cleaning; Wipe the surface: dip a soft cloth or sponge in the cleaning agent, and wipe uniformly from top to bottom and from left to right, so as to ensure that there is no dead angle in cleaning.

[0029] In the application: the formwork layout is performed by using CAD or BIM software according to the structure height of the side wall or the partition wall and the width of each structure construction, the number and position of the required formworks, the position and number of the opposite tensioning bolt holes, etc. are planned in advance, and are marked.

[0030] Formwork bolt hole drilling: according to the formwork layout, drilling is performed at the bolt hole position by using an electric drill, the hole diameter is 20 mm, the hole spacing is 450 mm, two rows are horizontally drilled, and four rows are vertically drilled, and details are shown in the drawings. Drilling is performed from the front to the back.

[0031] In the formwork removal and curing: reverse operation is performed according to the construction sequence of the formwork support structure. That is, “remove after supporting and support before removing”, so as to ensure the stability of the whole formwork removal process. For each removal part, the strength of the concrete test block under the same condition on the site must reach the specified strength requirement of the formwork removal, and then the removal operation can be performed. After the formwork is removed, the saturated geotextile, cotton felt or automatic spraying curing film is immediately covered on the concrete surface, so as to ensure that the covering is closely attached to the concrete surface without gap. The covering must be kept wet for 24 hours (automatic spraying, manual watering or wrapping plastic cloth for water retention), and the curing period is not less than 14 days.

[0032] The above technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: 1. The application mainly aims at the fact that the flatness of the formwork on site is not high during the construction process of the side wall or the partition wall of the main structure of the slope excavation, and the concrete pouring is prone to produce the phenomenon of misalignment and leakage, which produces large quality defects, affects the appearance and entity quality. More labor and cost are needed for defect treatment, which has large construction difficulty, high treatment cost, affects the construction progress and aesthetics, and brings great negative impact to the construction unit.

[0033] 2. The application mainly solves the main structure construction under the condition of double-side formwork of the side wall of the subway station structure and the partition wall in the structure. The wood formwork is pre-assembled in the processing field, and double-side glue is added between the formworks to prevent leakage. A hole puncher is used to punch the hole of the tension bolt in advance, which is neat and uniform. A hole square steel is used as a back rafter to fasten the assembled formwork in advance, and the square steel is fixed by self-tapping screws at the formwork joint to ensure the tightness and flatness of the formwork joint.

[0034] 3. The application has low cost and no additional investment. The square steel can be reused, and the formwork can be recycled 2-3 times according to the actual use, which greatly reduces the cost.

[0035] 4. According to the application, large module formworks are prefabricated in the work site, which saves the formwork time and improves the construction efficiency.

[0036] 5. According to the application, the concrete at the formwork joint has no misalignment and no leakage, and the overall appearance is good, which truly realizes the structure inside and the beauty outside.

[0037] In example 2, based on example 1, The pouring process in step S6 is based on a pouring arm driving a pouring pipe to pour the pouring area; and step S6 comprises: Step S61: preparation before pouring and initial parameter setting; Step S62: dynamic path planning for pouring and intelligent vibration coordination. The step S61 comprises: Step S611: obtaining a concrete parameter-temperature-humidity-initial setting time coupling model, collecting real-time environmental temperature and environmental humidity, determining the initial prediction value of the current concrete initial setting time based on the coupling model, and correcting the initial prediction value of the current concrete initial setting time based on the environmental-material coupling attenuation coefficient and the rheological correction coefficient to obtain the prediction value of the current concrete initial setting time; Step S612: when the environmental temperature is 30-35℃ and the humidity is >80%, a composite adjustment mechanism is started, which comprises: reducing the pouring thickness of each layer by 50mm; advancing the concrete initial setting time warning threshold by 10%; and increasing the moving speed of the pouring arm by 5% based on the original speed. Step S613: The concrete slump is divided into three levels, >200mm, 150-200mm, and <150mm, and corresponding construction parameters are set: for concrete with a slump of >200mm, the "slow speed, small flow" feeding mode is adopted, the pouring arm moving speed is ≤0.5m / s, and the feeding flow is 20-30L / min; for concrete with a slump of 150-200mm, the pouring arm moving speed is 0.8-1.0m / s, and the feeding flow is 30-40L / min; when the concrete slump is <150mm, the pouring arm moving speed is 1.0-1.2m / s, and the feeding flow is 40-50L / min, and a high-frequency vibrator with a frequency of 30Hz at the end of the pouring arm is turned on.

[0038] Environment-material coupling attenuation coefficient K: K= 0.75 + 0.02×(H / 100)+ 0.008×(S-150) / 50; H represents the altitude of the construction area, in meters (m); 100 corresponds to 100m; S represents the concrete slump, in millimeters (mm); 150 corresponds to 150mm; The value range of K is limited to 0.65-1.4, and when the calculation result exceeds this range, the maximum value in the range is automatically taken; Rheological correction coefficient: When S>200mm, η=1.1+0.0005×(S-200) (slowly increase the correction amplitude when the slump is high); When 150mm≤S≤200mm, η=1.0 (reference value) When S<150mm, η=1.2-0.002×(150-S) (the correction amplitude increases as S decreases when the slump is low); Based on the environment-material coupling attenuation coefficient and the rheological correction coefficient, the initial prediction value (E) of the current concrete initial setting time is corrected to obtain the current concrete initial setting time prediction value W; W=E×environment-material coupling attenuation coefficient×rheological correction coefficient; The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: Through accurate prediction and correction of the initial setting time, and parameter adjustment according to environmental conditions and concrete characteristics, the setting process of the concrete can be better controlled, and quality problems such as cracks and insufficient strength caused by improper setting time can be reduced.

[0039] The slump grading response ensures that concrete with different fluidities can be poured under suitable construction parameters, improving the density and uniformity of the concrete, and thus improving the overall construction quality.

[0040] By considering environmental factors (temperature, humidity, altitude, etc.) and concrete material properties (slump), the construction process can be better adapted to different construction conditions. Whether in high-temperature and high-humidity areas or when concrete properties vary, appropriate adjustment mechanisms can ensure the smooth progress of pouring construction, thus expanding the applicability of the construction method.

[0041] Example 3, based on Example 2, includes intelligent vibration compaction including: Step S621: The vibrator has a built-in displacement sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5cm to monitor the change in concrete pouring thickness in real time. Based on the real-time concrete pouring thickness G and the slump compensation coefficient, the real-time target concrete pouring thickness H is determined, and real-time pouring is carried out by controlling the real-time target concrete pouring thickness; K s = 0.9 + 0.001 × (200 - S) (S ∈ [100, 250] mm, K is outside the range) s Take boundary values ​​of 0.8 (S < 100) or 1.2 (S > 250). H = 0.5G × K s ×(1+H×(T-20));T is the real-time temperature of the concrete; H is the temperature correction factor (value is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.1; unit is 1 / ℃; 20 is 20℃) Step S621: Install a pressure sensor on the surface of the vibratory rod. When a pressure surge of >50N is detected, immediately stop the insertion action, control the vibratory rod to lift upward by 5cm, shift laterally by 3cm, and then try to insert it again.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are as follows: By coupling and controlling the target pouring thickness H using multiple parameters (pouring thickness, slump, and temperature), compared to single-parameter control, it can more accurately adapt to the characteristics of concrete under different construction conditions, making the vibration depth control more reasonable. This helps improve the smoothness and uniformity of the concrete pouring, and reduces quality defects such as honeycomb, pitting, and voids caused by improper pouring thickness and vibration control. The application of displacement and pressure sensors enables real-time monitoring and feedback control of key parameters during construction, significantly improving the accuracy and timeliness of construction control compared to traditional manual experience-based control.

[0043] The setting of the slump compensation coefficient and the temperature correction term makes the intelligent vibration scheme adapt to concrete construction under different slump and different temperature conditions within a certain range, widens the application scene of the construction technology, and reduces the workload of frequently adjusting the construction process due to changes in the construction environment and the performance of the concrete. The scheme lays a foundation for intelligent construction: the scheme reflects the trend of the development of concrete construction towards intelligence and precision, accumulates data in the construction process through sensor monitoring and multi-parameter collaborative control, and provides technical foundation and data support for subsequent construction process optimization and intelligent construction system upgrading (such as combination with a BIM model to realize full-process automatic control).

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A precast assembled formwork system for controlling the flatness of concrete, characterized in that, include: Template structure: It is formed by splicing several templates. The joints of adjacent templates are sealed with double-sided tape of the same thickness and width as the template to prevent grout leakage. Back rib mechanism: Hollow square steel is used as the back rib. Square holes are reserved on the upper side of the square steel, with the spacing between the square holes being the first spacing. Self-tapping screw holes are reserved on the lower side, with the spacing between the self-tapping screw holes being the second spacing. This is used to fix the back rib to the template, and it plays the role of supporting the skeleton and fixing the template. Template fastening device: It consists of two threaded steel bars and a transverse connecting device. The transverse connecting device is a telescopic rod with a fixed end and a movable end with a screw on the other end. The spacing of the threaded steel bars is consistent with the spacing of the template tie bolt holes. The crossbar is tightened by tightening nuts to ensure that the template is assembled tightly. Water-stop screw rod: A five-section detachable water-stop screw rod is adopted.

2. The precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to claim 1, characterized in that, Use wood templates or bamboo plywood with a thickness of 15mm or more, and the double-sided adhesive should be 0.8-1mm thick.

3. The precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to claim 2, characterized in that, Use 18mm thick templates, and the template thickness error should not exceed 1mm.

4. The precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to claim 1, characterized in that, 50*50mm hollow square steel is used as the back rib. 2*2cm square holes are reserved on the upper side of the square steel with a spacing of 50cm. Self-tapping screw holes are reserved on the lower side with a spacing of 50cm. The self-tapping screw holes are used to fix and connect with the template, and play a supporting role in the skeleton. It is composed of two threaded steel bars, each 10-15cm long and 16mm in diameter, welded together with a transverse connecting device.

5. A method for preparing a precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Construction preparation; Step S2: Prefabrication and assembly of templates on site; Step S3: Install water-stop screw rods: According to the position of the water-stop screw rod holes in the template layout drawing, fix the middle three sections of the five-section screw rod to the steel bar in advance. The technicians should check the reserved position, quantity and model to avoid omission or misalignment. Step S4: Template cleaning; Step S5: Side wall formwork installation; symmetrically install the assembled prefabricated modular formwork system on both sides of the side wall, ensuring close contact with the steel reinforcement protective layer spacers; tighten the square steel main ribs after installing the back ribs with tie bolts; apply double-sided tape between large formwork panels, strictly controlling the splicing flatness, with an error not exceeding 1mm; Step S6: Concrete pouring: According to the construction plan, pour the side wall or central partition wall concrete in layers and sections, strictly control the concrete drop height, and use a tremie pipe or chute after it exceeds 2m; the layer thickness should not exceed 500mm, and designated personnel and locations should be assigned to vibrate to avoid under-vibration or over-vibration. Step S7: Demolding and curing.

6. The method for preparing a precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: Step S11: Prepare the materials for the prefabricated modular template system; Step S12: Site preparation: Based on the floor plan, plan the template processing area in advance. The site should be no less than 60 square meters. Harden the site, making it higher in the middle and lower around the edges. Install drainage facilities around the perimeter and arrange fire extinguishers and template processing tools as required. Step S4 includes: Manual cleaning: Use a soft-bristled brush or broom to gently sweep along the grain of the template to remove debris from the surface; for hard-to-reach areas, use a small brush or tweezers to clean them. Wipe the surface: Apply detergent to a soft cloth or sponge and wipe evenly from top to bottom and from left to right to ensure no corner is missed.

7. The method for preparing a precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: Step S21: Select the templates that have passed the acceptance test, and lay the pre-assembled templates flat on the site according to the template layout diagram; use a vernier caliper to measure the thickness of the templates. The thickness of two adjacent templates should not exceed 1mm, otherwise they need to be replaced. Step S22: Peel off the double-sided tape and stick it to the side of the template. For adjacent templates to be assembled, stick it to only one side. Step S23: Prefabrication and assembly: First, assemble the large formwork vertically along the height of the side wall, then assemble the formwork horizontally along the horizontal direction, and then assemble the formwork vertically and flat. Vertical template assembly: Place the threaded steel of the template tensioning device into the tie bolt hole of the adjacent template, tighten the bolt, and ensure that the two templates are tightly spliced. Place the square steel back ribs vertically on the back of the template with the opening facing upwards; place one rib in the middle of the template and another rib on each side at 30cm intervals, and fix them to the template with self-tapping screws; remove the template tensioning device and reuse it. Horizontal template assembly: After the vertical templates are assembled, the horizontal templates will be assembled. Apply double-sided tape to the sides of adjacent templates; place the template tensioning device in the bolt holes of the tie bolts of the adjacent horizontal templates, tighten the bolts, and ensure that the two templates are tightly spliced ​​together. A back rib square steel is added at the vertical template joint; the middle position of the back rib square steel is aligned with the joint; angle steel is used to fix the square steel to the template; one side of the angle steel is welded to the square steel, and the other side is reserved with four 1.2cm long self-tapping screw holes for fixed connection with the template; Adjacent templates are assembled using this method; depending on the length of the structural segments, 5 to 6 pieces are assembled horizontally to form a prefabricated assembly template system; The formwork for the inner and outer sides of the side walls or central partition walls shall be processed using the method described above.

8. The method for preparing a precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S6, the pouring process is based on a pouring robotic arm driving the pouring pipe to pour into the pouring area; step S6 includes: Step S61: Preparations before pouring and initial parameter setting; Step S62: Perform pouring and intelligent vibration coordination.

9. A method for preparing a precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S61 includes: Step S611: Obtain the concrete parameter-temperature-humidity-initial setting time coupled model, collect real-time ambient temperature and humidity, determine the initial predicted value of the current concrete initial setting time based on the coupled model, and correct the initial predicted value of the current concrete initial setting time based on the environment-material coupling attenuation coefficient and rheological correction coefficient to obtain the current concrete initial setting time prediction value. Step S612: When the ambient temperature is detected to be between 30-35℃ and the humidity is >80%, the composite adjustment mechanism is activated. The composite adjustment mechanism includes: reducing the thickness of each layer of concrete pouring by 50mm; advancing the warning threshold for the initial setting time of concrete by 10%; and increasing the moving speed of the pouring robot arm by 5% on the original basis. Step S613: Divide the concrete slump into three levels: >200mm, 150-200mm, and <150mm, and set the corresponding construction parameters: For concrete with a slump >200mm, adopt the "slow movement speed, small flow rate" feeding mode, with the pouring robot arm moving speed ≤0.5m / s and the feeding flow rate 20-30L / min; for concrete with a slump of 150-200mm, the pouring robot arm moving speed is 0.8-1.0m / s and the feeding flow rate is 30-40L / min; when the concrete has a slump <150mm, the pouring robot arm moving speed is 1.0-1.2m / s and the feeding flow rate is 40-50L / min, and at the same time turn on the high-frequency vibrator at the end of the pouring robot arm with a frequency of 30Hz.

10. A method for preparing a precast assembled formwork system for controlling concrete flatness according to claim 8, characterized in that, Intelligent vibration includes: Step S621: The vibrator has a built-in displacement sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5cm to monitor the change in concrete pouring thickness in real time. Based on the real-time concrete pouring thickness and slump compensation coefficient, the real-time concrete target pouring thickness is determined, and real-time pouring is carried out by controlling the real-time concrete target pouring thickness. Step S621: Install a pressure sensor on the surface of the vibratory rod. When a pressure surge of >50N is detected, immediately stop the insertion action, control the vibratory rod to lift upward by 5cm, shift laterally by 3cm, and then try to insert it again.

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