Formwork mounting structure and reinforced concrete structure high-precision leveling method

Abstract

The invention provides a formwork mounting structure and a reinforced concrete structure high-precision leveling method, and relates to the technical field of concrete construction, the formwork mounting structure comprises a guide formwork and chemical bolts used for fixing the guide formwork; a plurality of chemical bolts are arranged on the guide template at intervals; the chemical bolt comprises a screw rod and a first nut in threaded connection with the screw rod, a connecting strip is arranged at the top of the first nut, a second nut is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting strip, a vertical rod is vertically and rotatably arranged at the bottom of the guide template, and an external thread matched with the second nut is arranged on the outer surface of the vertical rod. The problem that secondary grinding is still needed for the flatness precision requirement below 3 mm is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of concrete construction, in particular to a formwork installation structure and a high-precision leveling method for reinforced concrete structures. BACKGROUND

[0002] Concrete has the advantages of high compressive strength, good durability, wide strength grade range, low price and the like, and is thus widely used as a structural material in various civil engineering and building construction. When concrete is used for road surfaces, bridge surfaces, large squares and building floors, there is a high requirement for the surface flatness thereof.

[0003] For a flatness requirement of less than 3mm, traditional manual concrete pouring and leveling construction relies on manual measurement and setting-out, formwork erection and tools such as a leveling ruler and an iron trowel for leveling. Since the flatness error caused by manual operation is large (more than ±5mm), after the concrete reaches a certain strength, secondary mechanical polishing to the required flatness is required. This process is complicated, has a long construction period, is high in construction cost and has a poor working environment. However, the use of a laser leveling machine for concrete vibrating and leveling construction is not applicable or economical for a not very open site and a small-scale component (such as a high-precision equipment foundation) due to the large size of the laser leveling machine. The laser leveling machine is heavy and has a certain destructive effect on the reinforcement mesh of a reinforced concrete structure (such as a two-layer two-way reinforced concrete floor and a reinforced concrete equipment foundation), and cannot directly achieve a leveling precision of less than 3mm. For a flatness precision requirement of less than 3mm, secondary polishing is still required. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a formwork installation structure and a high-precision leveling method for reinforced concrete structures, which solves the problem that secondary polishing is still required for a flatness precision requirement of less than 3mm.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A formwork installation structure comprises a guide formwork and chemical bolts for fixing the guide formwork.

[0007] A plurality of chemical bolts are arranged at intervals on the guide formwork.

[0008] The chemical bolt comprises a screw rod and a first nut threadedly connected to the screw rod, the top of the first nut is provided with a connecting strip, the top of the connecting strip is fixedly connected with a second nut, the bottom of the guide formwork is vertically rotatably provided with a vertical rod, and the outer surface of the vertical rod is provided with external threads that can cooperate with the second nut.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom of the vertical rod is provided with a long rod, and the top of the screw rod is provided with a cylindrical groove for the long rod to extend into.

[0010] Preferably, four connecting strips are provided.

[0011] Preferably, a fixed ring is fixed on the screw, a crossbar is fixed on the side of the fixed ring, a movable ring is threaded onto the crossbar, a sliding block is slidably provided on the movable ring along the circumference of the movable ring, a support rod is hinged on the sliding block, and the end of the support rod that is not hinged to the sliding block can be welded to the side of the guide template.

[0012] Preferably, the hinge axis of the support rod and the sliding block is parallel to the length direction of the guide template.

[0013] Preferably, there are two crossbars, which are arranged symmetrically.

[0014] A high-precision leveling method for reinforced concrete structures, comprising a template installation structure as described in any one of the above, includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Construction preparation and layout:

[0016] Step 2: Install the chemical bolts and connect the guide template to the top of the chemical bolts, then level the guide template;

[0017] Step 3, rebar tying;

[0018] Step four: Concrete pouring;

[0019] Step 5: High-precision leveling with a beam vibratory compactor and finishing with a beam-plate vibratory compactor;

[0020] Step six: curing and seam cutting.

[0021] Preferably, in step two, the vertical rod at the bottom of the guide template is threadedly connected to the second nut on the chemical bolt.

[0022] Preferably, in step two, after the guide template is leveled, the end of the support rod on the chemical bolt that is not hinged to the sliding block is welded to the side wall of the guide template.

[0023] Preferably, in step two, after installing the guide template, the lower part of the guide template is sealed.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] By using guide templates for pre-control of flatness, precise control of flatness is achieved, keeping construction errors within 3mm±1mm / m overall, avoiding secondary grinding. The beam vibratory compactor performs high-precision leveling, and the beam-plate vibratory compactor finishes the surface, enabling one-time casting and molding.

[0026] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the structural components of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure from another perspective according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of point A in the diagram.

[0031] In the above attached figures: 1. Guide template; 21. Screw; 22. First nut; 23. Connecting strip; 24. Second nut; 3. Vertical rod; 31. Long rod; 4. Fixing ring; 5. Horizontal rod; 6. Moving ring; 61. Sliding block; 7. Support rod; 8. Ground. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] Please see Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a template installation structure includes: a guide template 1 and chemical bolts for fixing the guide template 1; a plurality of chemical bolts are spaced apart on the guide template 1; each chemical bolt includes a screw 21 and a first nut 22 threadedly connected to the screw 21, the top of the first nut 22 is provided with a connecting strip 23, the top of the connecting strip 23 is fixedly connected with a second nut 24, and the bottom of the guide template 1 is vertically rotatably provided with a vertical rod 3, the outer surface of the vertical rod 3 is provided with an external thread that can cooperate with the second nut 24.

[0034] When fixing the guide template 1, first fix the chemical bolts to the ground 8. Specifically, the chemical bolts also include chemical adhesives, usually composed of resin and hardener, which are encapsulated in a glass tube. During installation, after drilling and cleaning the hole, place the glass tube in the hole, and break the glass tube by rotating the screw 21, so that the resin and hardener mix and react chemically, eventually filling all the gaps between the screw 21 and the hole wall, and curing. Then, the vertical rod 3 at the bottom of the guide template 1 is threadedly connected to the second nut 24, thereby completing the fixing of the guide template 1. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the guide template 1, the first nut 22 can be rotated, so that the first nut 22 and the second nut 24 move in the vertical direction, thereby driving the guide template 1 to move in the vertical direction through the vertical rod 3. By finely adjusting the elevation of the guide template 1, the flatness can be precisely controlled.

[0035] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the bottom of the vertical rod 3 is provided with a long rod 31, and the top of the screw 21 is provided with a cylindrical groove into which the long rod 31 extends. The length of the long rod 31 is greater than the distance between the first nut 22 and the second nut 24, while the depth of the cylindrical groove is greater than the length of the long rod 31. When installing the guide template 1, the long rod 31 is first passed through the second nut 24, and then extended into the cylindrical groove in the screw 21 to pre-position the fit between the vertical rod 3 and the second nut 24, so as to quickly and accurately perform the threaded connection.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in order to improve the connection strength between the first nut 22 and the second nut 24, four connecting strips 23 are provided.

[0037] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a fixed ring 4 is fixed to the screw 21, and a crossbar 5 is fixed to the side of the fixed ring 4. A movable ring 6 is threaded onto the crossbar 5. A sliding block 61 is slidably provided on the movable ring 6 along its circumference. A support rod 7 is hinged to the sliding block 61. The end of the support rod 7 that is not hinged to the sliding block 61 can be welded to the side of the guide template 1. The outer surface of the crossbar 5 is provided with external threads, and the inner surface of the movable ring 6 is provided with internal threads. The movable ring 6 and the crossbar 5 are threadedly connected. Rotating the movable ring 6 allows it to move on the crossbar 5. However, the sliding block 61 slides along the circumference of the movable ring 6. Therefore, the hinged support rod 7 will not cause interference when the movable ring 6 rotates. When adjusting the height of the guide template 1, it is also necessary to change the position of the sliding block 61 at the same time so that the guide template 1 can be supported even when the length of the support rod 7 is fixed. At this time, rotating the movable ring 6 causes it to move along the length of the crossbar 5, thereby changing the position of the sliding block 61.

[0038] Furthermore, the hinge axis of the support rod 7 and the sliding block 61 is parallel to the length direction of the guide template 1. This ensures that the support rod 7 can provide support on the side of the guide template 1.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, in order to improve the reliability of the support, two crossbars 5 are provided, which are symmetrically arranged to support the guide template 1 on both sides.

[0040] A high-precision leveling method for reinforced concrete structures, comprising a template installation structure as described in any one of the above, includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Construction preparation and layout:

[0042] Step 2: Install the chemical bolts and connect the guide template 1 to the top of the chemical bolts, then level the guide template 1;

[0043] Step 3, rebar tying;

[0044] Step four: Concrete pouring;

[0045] Step 5: High-precision leveling with a beam vibratory compactor and secondary finishing with a beam-plate vibratory compactor;

[0046] Step six: curing and seam cutting.

[0047] Furthermore, in step one, pre-construction preparations are carried out, including removing debris, garbage, stones, etc. from the underlying layer; surveying and setting out are conducted, using a high-precision laser level or total station to set out uniform elevation control lines on the wall and column reinforcement or fixed supports in the pouring area.

[0048] Further, in step two, before installing the guide template 1, chemical bolts are installed first, and then the vertical rod 3 at the bottom of the guide template 1 is connected and fixed to the second nut 24 at the top of the chemical bolts. The top elevation of the guide template 1 directly determines the initial elevation of the concrete pouring and is the first key checkpoint for controlling the flatness. It must be ensured that the top elevation of the guide template 1 is consistent with the design elevation, and the allowable deviation should be strictly controlled within ±2mm. The guide template 1 support must be firm and stable, and no settlement or deformation should occur during the pouring process. After leveling, the laser level is set up in the center of the site. After leveling, the height of the laser scanning surface is set according to the previously measured elevation control line. This laser surface is the designed final concrete finishing surface elevation. One worker moves a laser receiver rod (or a measuring rod with a sensor) on the guide template 1, while another worker uses a wrench to adjust the first nut 22 and observes the indicator light (or digital reading) on ​​the laser receiver rod. When the reading shows "0", it indicates that the top elevation of that point is exactly at the design elevation. Through repeated adjustments, every point on the top surface of the guide template 1 is aligned with the laser surface. After leveling the guide template 1, the end of the support rod 7 on the chemical bolt that is not hinged to the sliding block 61 is welded to the side wall of the guide template 1 for reinforcement. Then, the lower part of the guide template 1 needs to be sealed.

[0049] Furthermore, after the reinforcement is tied, the reinforcement on the slab surface should be tied flat, and the thickness of the protective layer of the reinforcement on the slab surface should meet the requirements to avoid the reinforcement mesh being too high or too low, which would affect the thickness and flatness of the concrete cover layer.

[0050] Furthermore, when pouring concrete, the slump must be strictly controlled, generally recommended to be 140±20mm. If it's too thin, it will easily settle; if it's too dry, it won't level properly. The concrete should be poured evenly and spread out initially.

[0051] Furthermore, beam vibratory compactors perform high-precision leveling. A beam vibratory compactor is a concrete compaction device that mounts the vibration source on a rigid beam frame. It is typically driven mechanically or hydraulically, causing the entire vibrating beam to generate high-frequency, low-amplitude vibrations, thus efficiently compacting large areas of shallow concrete surfaces. Because the beam itself is straight, it scrapes across the concrete surface during movement, thus simultaneously performing preliminary leveling while vibrating. Compared to traditional immersion vibrators, beam vibratory compactors can handle a much wider area of ​​concrete at once, resulting in extremely high efficiency. While compacting, it also removes cement slurry and completes preliminary leveling, making it less labor-intensive than manual operation with vibrators.

[0052] Furthermore, the beam-type plate vibrator is used for surface finishing. The beam-type plate vibrator is a device that installs an excitation device on a rigid metal beam and transmits the vibration energy to a large-area plate connected to it through the beam. This plate is in direct contact with the concrete surface and performs surface finishing treatment on the concrete surface.

[0053] Furthermore, the concrete undergoes curing. During the curing period, it is crucial to strengthen the control of humidity and temperature, minimizing the exposure time of the concrete surface. Exposed concrete should be tightly covered promptly, using tarpaulins, plastic sheets, or similar materials to prevent surface moisture evaporation. Alternatively, a specialized curing agent can be sprayed immediately after final troweling. The curing time is typically no less than seven days, during which an isolation zone must be established, strictly prohibiting the entry of any personnel, equipment, or materials to avoid irreparable indentations and damage. Finally, joints are cut as needed.

[0054] This invention offers the following advantages: First, by using a high-precision guide template 1, flatness is pre-controlled. Then, a beam vibrator and a beam-plate vibrator are used for automatic leveling, uniform sliding vibration, leveling, and finishing of the concrete, achieving one-time casting of high-precision flat concrete. This method simplifies construction control measures, making them simple and effective. Second, by finely adjusting the elevation of the guide template 1 using chemical bolts, flatness is precisely controlled, keeping construction errors within 3mm ± 1mm / m, avoiding secondary grinding, improving construction efficiency, and reducing construction costs. Furthermore, this technology enables one-time casting of high-precision flat concrete, eliminating the need for secondary grinding and leveling, reducing dust pollution, and saving energy and protecting the environment. Finally, since the high-precision flatness of reinforced concrete components is pre-controlled by the guide template 1, construction can be divided into sections according to the shape of the component and the site environment. This allows for application on large-area concrete floors with reinforced concrete, as well as on high-precision flat concrete components in confined spaces, and on concrete components such as floors with longitudinal and transverse slopes and equipment foundations.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A template installation structure, characterized in that, include: Guide template (1) and chemical bolts for fixing guide template (1); The guide template (1) is provided with several chemical bolts at intervals; The chemical bolt includes a screw (21) and a first nut (22) threaded onto the screw (21). The first nut (22) has a connecting strip (23) at its top, and a second nut (24) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting strip (23). The bottom of the guide template (1) is vertically rotatably provided with a vertical rod (3), and the outer surface of the vertical rod (3) is provided with an external thread that can cooperate with the second nut (24).

2. The template installation structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the vertical rod (3) is provided with a long rod (31), and the top of the screw (21) is provided with a cylindrical groove into which the long rod (31) extends.

3. The template installation structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting strip (23) is provided in four parts.

4. The template installation structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A fixing ring (4) is fixed on the screw (21), and a crossbar (5) is fixed on the side of the fixing ring (4). A moving ring (6) is threaded onto the crossbar (5). A sliding block (61) is slidably provided on the moving ring (6) along the circumference of the moving ring (6). A support rod (7) is hinged on the sliding block (61). The end of the support rod (7) that is not hinged to the sliding block (61) can be welded to the side of the guide template (1).

5. The template installation structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The hinge axis of the support rod (7) and the sliding block (61) is parallel to the length direction of the guide template (1).

6. The template installation structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, There are two crossbars (5), and the two crossbars (5) are arranged symmetrically.

7. A high-precision leveling method for reinforced concrete structures, comprising a formwork installation structure as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construction preparation and layout: Step 2: Install the chemical bolts and connect the guide template (1) to the top of the chemical bolts, and then level the guide template (1); Step 3, rebar tying; Step four: Concrete pouring; Step 5: High-precision leveling with a beam vibratory compactor and finishing with a beam-plate vibratory compactor; Step six: curing and seam cutting.

8. The high-precision leveling method for reinforced concrete structures as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step two, the vertical rod (3) at the bottom of the guide template (1) is threadedly connected to the second nut (24) on the chemical bolt.

9. The high-precision leveling method for reinforced concrete structures as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step two, after the guide template (1) is leveled, the end of the support rod (7) on the chemical bolt that is not hinged to the sliding block (61) is welded to the side wall of the guide template (1).

10. The high-precision leveling method for reinforced concrete structures as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step two, after installing the guide template (1), the lower part of the guide template (1) is sealed.

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