Single-phase charge-control intelligent electric energy meter

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-phase charge control intelligent electric energy meter, relates to the technical field of electrical variable measurement, and aims to solve the technical problems that a traditional electric energy meter is low in metering precision, insufficient in remote charge control function, incapable of monitoring abnormal power consumption in real time and difficult to meet the power consumption management requirements of multiple users in a college dormitory scene. An electricity larceny prevention module is connected to coordinate the work of each module and realize the scheduling and control of the overall operation of the electric energy meter; the sampling module is used for acquiring voltage and current signals at high frequency, temporarily storing sampling data and providing original data for electric energy metering; the power supply module is used for realizing dual power supply output and supplying power to the main control MCU and other core circuits so as to maintain power supply to internal circuits; according to the invention, common loads and refitted illegal electric appliances can be accurately distinguished, intermittent electricity stealing behaviors can be effectively identified, and the problem that the existing electric energy meter cannot accurately identify specific illegal behaviors of dormitories in colleges and universities is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of measuring electrical variables, and more particularly to a single-phase cost control intelligent electric energy meter. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the electricity management scene of college dormitories, an intelligent electric energy meter is a key device for realizing electricity metering and safe control.

[0003] Currently, college dormitories have unique pain points in electricity management: existing electric energy meters cannot accurately identify irregular electricity use behaviors that are instantaneous and hidden, such as short-term use of modified irregular electrical appliances and intermittent electricity theft.

[0004] Specifically, students widely use "anti-limit socket" devices to evade electrical appliance restrictions. These devices use waveform shaping technology to "disguise" high-power electrical appliance loads as compliant electrical appliances, making their fundamental wave parameters similar to ordinary loads, and the use time is mostly during the gap between bed checks and other short-term periods. At the same time, electricity theft often manifests as "intermittent short-circuit lines" that last a few seconds each time. Traditional electric energy meters cannot capture the high-frequency harmonic characteristics and instantaneous phase mutations of such behaviors due to their low sampling frequency and single identification logic, resulting in high rates of misjudgment and missed judgment, which seriously affects electricity safety and metering accuracy. In view of this, we propose a single-phase cost control intelligent electric energy meter. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a single-phase cost control intelligent electric energy meter to solve the technical problem of low metering accuracy, insufficient remote cost control function, inability to monitor abnormal electricity use in real time, and difficulty in meeting the electricity management needs of multiple users in the college dormitory scene.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solution: a single-phase cost control intelligent electric energy meter, comprising: A main control MCU, which is the control core, is connected with an anti-theft module, coordinates the work of each module, and realizes the scheduling and control of the overall operation of the electric energy meter; A sampling module for high-frequency acquisition of voltage and current signals, temporarily stores sampling data, and provides raw data for electric energy metering; A power module for realizing dual-power output, providing power supply for the main control MCU and other core circuits to maintain internal circuit power supply; A communication module for realizing data interaction between the main control MCU and the metering master station, supporting power line carrier and wireless communication modes; A storage module including the register and data storage of the main control MCU, used for storing sampling parameters, metering data, and load characteristic information; An auxiliary function module is configured to realize electricity stealing monitoring, data encryption, time reference providing and circuit protection.

[0007] Preferably, the sampling module comprises a high-frequency sampling module, a voltage sampling module, a current sampling module and a sampling data temporary storage unit, the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module are connected in series in the sampling input circuit, the high-frequency sampling module is connected with the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module, high-frequency collection is performed on the signal with a sampling period of 0.001 second, and the data is temporarily stored in the sampling data temporary storage unit.

[0008] Preferably, the power module is connected with a rectifier module, the input end of the rectifier module is connected with an external power supply, the output end is connected with a charging circuit and a super capacitor; the power module realizes double power supply output through rectification, and charges the super capacitor through the charging circuit; the other end of the super capacitor is grounded and connected with a voltage reduction module to supply power to the power line carrier module; when power failure occurs, the super capacitor supplies power to the internal circuit through the voltage reduction module.

[0009] Preferably, the communication module comprises a power line carrier module and a wireless communication module, the main control MCU is independently connected with the wireless communication module and the power line carrier module respectively, and the two communication modules work in parallel and can directly realize data interaction with the meter master station.

[0010] Preferably, the auxiliary function module comprises: An electricity stealing monitoring timer integrated in the electricity stealing prevention module and connected with the main control MCU, which triggers sampling and judges the electricity consumption state through a time mark; An encryption module connected with the main control MCU, the storage module, the power line carrier module and the wireless communication module, which performs encryption processing on the stored and transmitted data; A clock unit generating a clock frequency through a crystal oscillator and connected with the main control MCU and the sampling data temporary storage unit to provide a time reference; A circuit protection timer and a relay, the relay is connected with the circuit protection timer, the power supply control module controls the on-off of the relay according to whether the electric energy meter is powered off to realize circuit protection.

[0011] A working method of a single-phase cost control intelligent electric energy meter, comprising the following steps: S1: initializing the sampling input circuit through the power line carrier module to realize power-on of the electric energy meter; S2: the main control MCU outputs sampling parameters to the storage module to prepare for sampling; S3: the main control MCU receives a time mark of the electricity stealing monitoring timer in the electricity stealing prevention module, judges whether to enter the working time according to the time mark to perform data sampling; S4: The main control MCU outputs frequency parameters to the sampling data temporary storage unit and obtains the data from the sampling data temporary storage unit through the main control MCU to obtain the harmonic frequency domain information corresponding to the sampling period; S5: The harmonic frequency domain information is fed into the convolutional neural network for identification. The harmonic frequency domain information is converted into a digital signal and then fed into the convolutional neural network for identification to determine whether it is a normal load or a load protected against power shortage. If it is a normal load, the harmonic frequency domain information will be sent to the metering master station through the power line carrier module; If a load is identified as a load to prevent power rationing, the harmonic frequency domain information, sampling time, and load characteristic vector of the load are immediately stored, and an alarm message is sent to the metering master station through the communication module. S6: The electricity meter communicates with the metering master station through the power line carrier module. The metering master station sends a data sampling command, the main control MCU receives the command and starts timing, and controls the electricity meter to sample at 1kHz. S7: Upload the sampling results to the metering master station via the power line carrier module.

[0012] Preferably, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: the main control MCU detects the time flag of the electricity theft monitoring timer; if the current time is within the working time, it outputs a signal to control the high-frequency sampling module to perform working status sampling. During the sampling of the working state, in the sampling input circuit, the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module respectively acquire the rectified voltage signal and current signal through the high-frequency sampling module, and send the voltage signal and current signal to the main control MCU respectively. The main control MCU calculates the effective value of voltage and effective value of current based on the calculated phase. Simultaneously, the sampling input circuit samples the voltage and current from the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module respectively, and calculates the phase, the fundamental value of the sampled voltage, and the fundamental value of the current with a sampling period of 0.001 seconds.

[0013] Preferably, step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S401: Main control MCU calculates the number in real time. The load feature vector for each sampling period is calculated using the following steps: S401a: The frequency signal at the corresponding phase is obtained by performing FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) based on the phase and the fundamental current value at the corresponding phase; S401b: Calculate the average value of the frequency signals corresponding to all periods based on the frequency signals under the corresponding phase to obtain the load feature vector; S402: Calculate harmonic frequency domain information based on the load feature vector.

[0014] Preferably, the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: S501: acquiring a load feature vector; S502: acquiring the maximum value and the minimum value of each element in the load feature vector, performing normalization processing, and outputting the data sample as an input vector; S503: generating a data sample matrix; S504: inputting the data sample matrix into a convolutional neural network and extracting features; S505: summarizing and classifying the features to determine the type of device load.

[0015] Preferably, the S6 specifically comprises the following steps: S601: synchronizing the 1kHz sampling clock through the main control MCU to ensure consistency with the timing control of the master station, and realizing the timing control of the electric energy meter by the metering master station; S602: the main control MCU sends the sampling parameters to the storage module; S603: acquiring the sampling parameters and setting the sampling mode, specifically comprising the following steps: S603a: acquiring the sampling frequency in the sampling parameters ; S603b: acquiring the sampling mode; Wherein, the sampling mode includes 0 sampling and 1 sampling; If it is 0 sampling, the preset time starts sampling; If it is 1 sampling, the main control MCU outputs a driving signal and starts the sampling input circuit to sample the signal to collect the signal; S604: sampling the sampling frequency according to the sampling parameters and collecting the analog signal; S605: performing digital filtering processing and signal transformation sampling on the analog signal to acquire the electric energy meter data; S606: data packaging of the metering master station according to the electric energy meter data and uploading to the metering master station.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. The present application captures the high-frequency harmonic characteristics of voltage and current through the 0.001 second sampling period of the high-frequency sampling module, intelligently classifies the harmonic frequency domain information by combining the convolutional neural network, and can accurately distinguish between ordinary loads and modified illegal electrical appliances; at the same time, the electricity stealing prevention module triggers sampling through the electricity stealing monitoring timer, combines phase difference mutation and time series analysis, effectively identifies intermittent electricity stealing behavior, and solves the problem of inaccurate identification of special illegal behavior in college dormitories by existing electric energy meters.

[0017] 2、The application also has double power supply output and super capacitor backup mechanism designed by power module, the super capacitor can maintain core circuit power supply for 10 minutes when power failure, ensures that the key information such as illegal load characteristics, electricity stealing instantaneous data is not lost, and the power failure detection response time is less than or equal to 10ms, avoids the data fault caused by sudden power failure, and further solves the problem of high-frequency sampling and behavior identification relying on continuous data.

[0018] 3、The application also integrates power line carrier and wireless communication module through communication module, and parallel work and can directly interact with metering master station, effectively resists the communication interference caused by dense electronic equipment in college dormitory, ensures that the data such as illegal alarm and electricity stealing evidence is uploaded in real time, and further solves the problem that the identification result cannot be fed back to the management end in time due to transmission interruption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Example one: as shown in the application relates to a single-phase fee control intelligent electric energy meter, including main control MCU, sampling module, power module, communication module, storage module and auxiliary function module, each module cooperates to realize electric energy metering, fee control management and power consumption monitoring: Figure 1 The main control MCU is the control core of the electric energy meter, and is connected with the anti-theft module, coordinates the work of each module, realizes the scheduling and control of the whole operation of the electric energy meter; The sampling module is used for high-frequency acquisition of voltage and current signals, and temporarily stores sampling data to provide original data for electric energy metering; In the embodiment of the application, the sampling module includes a high-frequency sampling module, a voltage sampling module, a current sampling module and a sampling data temporary storage unit, the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module are connected in series in the sampling input circuit, and are used for collecting voltage and current signals; The high-frequency sampling module is connected with the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module, and the signal is collected at a sampling period of 0.001 seconds, and the data is temporarily stored in the sampling data temporary storage unit; The power module is used for realizing double power supply output, and is used for power supply of the main control MCU and other core circuits, so as to maintain internal circuit power supply and ensure that data is not lost; ​In the embodiment of the present application, the power module is connected with a rectifier module, the input end of the rectifier module is connected with an external power supply, the output end is connected with a charging circuit and a super capacitor; the power module realizes double power supply output (providing power supply for the main control MCU and other core circuits) through rectification, and charges the super capacitor through the charging circuit; the other end of the super capacitor is grounded and connected with a voltage reduction module, which provides power supply for the power line carrier module; when power failure occurs, the super capacitor provides power supply for the internal circuit through the voltage reduction module, ensuring the power supply demand of the core circuit such as data storage circuit and clock unit; The capacity of the super capacitor is not less than 5F, and the discharging duration of the super capacitor in the power failure state is not less than 10 minutes (calculated based on the average power consumption of 5mA of the internal circuit), ensuring the power supply demand of the core circuit such as data storage circuit and clock unit after power failure; Super capacitor parameters: The voltage reduction module adopts a DC-DC converter, and the efficiency is greater than or equal to 90% (in the range of 3.3V-5V of the capacitor voltage); The minimum working voltage threshold is set to 2.5V, and when the capacitor voltage drops to this value, the data emergency storage is automatically triggered (only the key metering data is reserved); Power supply switching mechanism: The response time of the power failure detection circuit is less than or equal to 10ms, ensuring that the super capacitor is switched to provide power supply within 10ms after the external power supply is interrupted; During the switching process, the capacitor energy storage maintains the power supply of the clock unit, avoiding the loss of time reference.

[0021] The communication module is used for realizing the data interaction between the main control MCU and the metering master station, and supports two communication modes of power line carrier and wireless; In the embodiment of the present application, the communication module includes a power line carrier module and a wireless communication module, the main control MCU is independently connected with the wireless communication module and the power line carrier module respectively, the two communication modules work in parallel, and can directly realize data interaction with the metering master station, realizing data interaction with the metering master station; The storage module includes the register and data storage of the main control MCU, and is used for storing sampling parameters, metering data and load characteristic information; The auxiliary function module is used for realizing electricity stealing monitoring, data encryption, time reference providing and circuit protection, and ensuring the safe and accurate operation of the electric energy meter; In the embodiment of the present application, the auxiliary function module includes an electricity stealing monitoring timer, an encryption module, a clock unit, a circuit protection timer and a relay; The electricity stealing monitoring timer is integrated in the anti-theft electricity module and connected with the main control MCU, and triggers sampling and judges the electricity state through time mark; While the electricity theft monitoring timer triggers sampling, the main control MCU simultaneously analyzes the phase difference between the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module (the phase difference of a normal load is about 0-30°). If the phase difference is abnormal for 5 consecutive sampling cycles (such as >90° or <-90°), combined with the current change data, it is determined to be a suspected electricity theft behavior, and encryption storage is immediately started and reported to the main station. The encryption module is connected to the main control MCU, storage module, power line carrier module and wireless communication module respectively. It encrypts the stored and transmitted data to ensure that the data transmitted by power line carrier and wireless communication methods as well as the data in the storage module are in an encrypted and protected state, thus ensuring security. The clock unit generates a clock frequency through a crystal oscillator and is connected to the main control MCU and the sampling data temporary storage unit respectively to provide a time reference; The circuit protection timer and relay are connected. The relay is connected to the circuit protection timer. The power supply control module controls the relay to open and close according to whether the power meter is powered off, so as to realize circuit protection. Example 2: A method for operating a single-phase prepaid smart energy meter, comprising the following steps: S1: The sampling input circuit is initialized through the power line carrier module to power on the energy meter; S2: The main control MCU outputs sampling parameters (sampling frequency, period) to the storage module to prepare for sampling; S3: The main control MCU receives the time flag of the electricity theft monitoring timer in the anti-electricity theft module, and determines whether the working time has been entered based on the time flag in order to perform data sampling; In another embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the main control MCU receives the time flag of the electricity theft monitoring timer in the anti-electricity theft module, and determines whether the working time has been entered based on the time flag in order to perform data sampling. Specifically, the steps include: the main control MCU detects the time flag of the electricity theft monitoring timer. If the current time is within the working time, it outputs a signal to control the high-frequency sampling module to perform working state sampling. If the timer flag for the electricity theft monitoring system malfunctions (e.g., no valid flag is received for three consecutive times), the main control MCU will automatically activate the backup time base of the clock unit, trigger forced sampling, record the abnormal status to the storage module, and simultaneously report it to the metering master station via the communication module. As another embodiment of the present invention, during working state sampling, in the sampling input circuit, the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module respectively acquire the rectified voltage signal and current signal through the high-frequency sampling module, and send the voltage signal and current signal to the main control MCU respectively. The main control MCU calculates the effective value of voltage and the effective value of current according to the calculated phase. Simultaneously, the sampling input circuit samples the voltage and current from the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module respectively, and calculates the phase, the fundamental value of the sampled voltage, and the fundamental value of the current with a sampling period of 0.001 seconds.

[0022] S4: The main control MCU outputs frequency parameters to the sampling data temporary storage unit and obtains the data from the sampling data temporary storage unit through the main control MCU to obtain the harmonic frequency domain information corresponding to the sampling period; In another embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the main control MCU outputs frequency parameters to the sampling data temporary storage unit, and obtains data from the sampling data temporary storage unit through the main control MCU to obtain the harmonic frequency domain information corresponding to the sampling period. Specifically, this includes the following steps: S401: Main control MCU calculates the number in real time. Load feature vector for each sampling period; In another embodiment of the present invention, the load feature vector in step S401 is calculated by the following steps: S401a: The frequency signal at the corresponding phase is obtained by performing FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) based on the phase and the fundamental current value at the corresponding phase; S401b: Calculate the average value of the frequency signals corresponding to all periods based on the frequency signals under the corresponding phase to obtain the load feature vector.

[0023] S402: Calculate harmonic frequency domain information based on the load feature vector; In another embodiment of the present invention, in step S402, harmonic frequency domain information is calculated based on the load characteristic vector, wherein the load characteristic vector is calculated based on the phase and the corresponding current fundamental value for each phase. The harmonic frequency domain information is calculated using the following formula, obtained by calculating each sampling period: ; In the formula, Indicates the first The harmonic frequency domain information for each sampling period reflects the harmonic characteristics of the load within that period and is an important basis for subsequent load type identification. The phase number is used in three-phase or multi-phase circuit analysis, where the electrical parameters of different phases have a significant impact on the overall harmonic characteristics. For the first The amplitude of each phase represents the intensity of the voltage signal at that phase. For the first The first cycle Phase 1 Each harmonic component reflects the current characteristics of different harmonics within a specific period and phase. is the frequency order, used to distinguish the harmonic components of different frequency bands, is the harmonic component of the th frequency, representing the proportion of the harmonic at this frequency in the entire signal. This formula comprehensively quantifies the harmonic frequency domain characteristics of the load in a certain sampling period by synthesizing multiple dimensional parameters, providing accurate data support for analyzing load types.

[0024] Formula source: This formula is based on the basic principles of harmonic analysis in power electronics technology, combined with the quantification needs of load characteristics. In power system analysis, harmonic analysis is often based on Fourier series decomposition, while this formula is a quantitative calculation of harmonic components in multiple dimensions (phase, frequency), which belongs to the customized formula for load characteristic analysis in the field of electrical engineering.

[0025] Formula function: This formula is used to calculate the harmonic frequency domain information of theth sampling period. It comprehensively quantifies the harmonic frequency domain characteristics of the load in a certain sampling period by considering the voltage amplitude of different phases, harmonic current components of specific periods and phases, and the proportion of harmonic components of each frequency band, providing core data support for subsequent load type identification.

[0026] Derivation process: 1. In power systems, the harmonics generated by the load can be considered as the superposition of sinusoidal waves with different frequencies, phases, and amplitudes. To accurately analyze the load characteristics, each harmonic component needs to be quantified. 2. In the formula, represents the traversal of all phases, because in three-phase or multi-phase circuits, different phase electrical parameters have an important influence on the overall harmonic characteristics. represents the summation of all frequency bands of interest. 3. is the amplitude of theth phase, representing the strength of the voltage signal in that phase. is theth harmonic component of theth phase in theth period, reflecting the current situation of different harmonics in a specific period and phase. is the harmonic component of the th frequency, representing the proportion of the harmonic at this frequency in the entire signal. By multiplying these parameters and performing double summation, the comprehensive calculation of harmonic frequency domain information is achieved.

[0027] Formula logic relationship: The formula is based on the frequency signal obtained by FFT transformation in step S401. The FFT transformation converts the time domain signal into the frequency domain signal to obtain the frequency component information. The formula further performs weighted summation on the frequency domain information, introduces parameters such as phase and voltage amplitude, deeply correlates the frequency domain information with the load characteristics, comprehensively quantifies the harmonic frequency domain characteristics from multiple dimensions, and provides a data basis for subsequent load type identification.

[0028] S5: sending the harmonic frequency domain information into the convolutional neural network for identification, converting the harmonic frequency domain information into a digital signal, and then sending the digital signal into the convolutional neural network for identification to determine whether it is a normal load or a limit power protection load; If it is a normal load, the harmonic frequency domain information is sent to the metering master station through the power line carrier module; If it is identified as a limit power protection load, the harmonic frequency domain information, sampling time and load characteristic vector of the limit power protection load are immediately stored, and an alarm information is sent to the metering master station through the communication module; Training data description: the training samples include at least 50 kinds of normal loads (such as incandescent lamps and air conditioners) and 30 kinds of limit power protection loads (such as step-down transformers and phase shifters); Each kind of load collects 1000 groups of harmonic frequency domain data under different working conditions (covering starting, running and stopping states); Network structure: the convolutional neural network adopts 3 layers of convolutional layers (convolution kernel size 3x3) + 2 layers of fully connected layers, the input is the normalized load characteristic vector (the dimension matches the sampling period), and the output is a two-classification result of “normal load / limit power protection load”; Generalization ability: for unknown loads with an identification confidence less than 80%, they are marked as “to be confirmed” and reported to the master station, and the model is updated after manual review; Supporting the master station to remotely update the neural network parameters and adapting to new loads.

[0029] As another embodiment of the application, in step S5, the harmonic frequency domain information is sent into the convolutional neural network for identification, the harmonic frequency domain information is converted into a digital signal, and then the digital signal is sent into the convolutional neural network for identification to determine whether it is a normal load or a limit power protection load, which specifically includes the following steps: S501: obtaining a load characteristic vector; S502: obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of each element in the load characteristic vector, performing normalization processing, and outputting the data sample as an input vector; S503: generating a data sample matrix; S504: inputting the data sample matrix into the convolutional neural network and extracting features; S505: classifying and summarizing the features to determine the type of the device load; S6: the electric energy meter communicates with the meter master station through the power line carrier module, the meter master station issues a data sampling instruction, the master control MCU acquires the instruction and times, and the electric energy meter is controlled to perform 1kHz sampling; The sampling instruction issued by the meter master station needs to contain a check code, the master control MCU performs check code verification after receiving the instruction, if the instruction is incorrect or lost, immediately requests the master station to resend through the communication module; after 3 consecutive request failures, the default sampling parameters pre-stored in the storage module are used to perform sampling; The high-frequency sampling (0.001 second period) and 1kHz sampling (1 second 1000 times) adopt a time-sharing multiplexing mechanism: when the master station issues a 1kHz sampling instruction, the high-frequency sampling is suspended; after the instruction is executed, the high-frequency sampling is automatically restored, avoiding resource conflict of the sampling module; As another embodiment of the application, the electric energy meter in S6 communicates with the meter master station through the power line carrier module, the meter master station issues a data sampling instruction, the master control MCU acquires the instruction and times, and the electric energy meter is controlled to perform 1kHz sampling, specifically comprising the following steps: S601: clock synchronization of 1kHz sampling is performed through the master control MCU, to ensure consistency with the timing control of the master station, realizing timing control of the meter master station on the electric energy meter; S602: the master control MCU sends sampling parameters to the storage module; S603: sampling parameters are acquired and sampling mode is set; As another embodiment of the application, in step S603, sampling parameters are acquired and sampling mode is set, specifically comprising the following steps: S603a: sampling frequency in the sampling parameters is acquired ; S603b: sampling mode is acquired, wherein the sampling mode includes 0 sampling and 1 sampling; If it is 0 sampling, sampling is started at a preset time , wherein the preset time is issued by the meter master station through the communication module and stored in a special register of the storage module, supporting remote update of the master station; if the preset time issued by the master station is not received, the starting sampling time is set as 00:00, 08:00 and 16:00 every day by default; If it is 1 sampling, the master control MCU outputs a driving signal and starts the sampling input circuit to perform signal sampling to collect signals; S604: sampling frequency is sampled according to the sampling parameters, and analog signals are collected; S605: the analog signals are subjected to digital filtering processing and signal transformation sampling to acquire electric energy meter data; As another embodiment of the present application, the digital filtering of the analog signal and the transform sampling of the signal in S605 to obtain the electric energy meter data specifically includes the following steps: S605a: converting the sampled signal into a digital signal to obtain raw data; S605b: performing digital filtering on the raw data; In the step S604b, the raw data is digitally filtered, specifically including: The raw data is digitally filtered according to the preset time and used as first input data; the raw data is subtracted from the first input data and used as second input data; The second input data is input into a median filter to filter non-burst dynamic signals; the second input data is digitally filtered according to the preset time and used as third input data; The residual data is obtained, and the electric energy meter data is calculated according to the residual data.

[0030] In the digital filtering, the window size of the median filter is set to 5 sampling points, which can effectively filter non-burst dynamic signals (such as high-frequency interference) with a duration of <0.005 seconds; the difference threshold value between the raw data and the first input data is set to 5% of the rated value, which ensures that the true load current mutation signal (such as motor start) is not mis-filtered, the rated value is the rated maximum current of the electric energy meter, and the threshold value is designed for the maximum load of the electric energy meter, which ensures that the true mutation (>0.005A) of small load (such as 0.1A) is not filtered, while suppressing high-frequency interference (<0.25A); S605c: generating a data matrix according to the preset time; S605d: performing FFT calculation on the data matrix to obtain the electric energy meter data; S606: encapsulating the metering master station data according to the electric energy meter data and uploading it to the metering master station.

[0031] S7: uploading the sampling result to the metering master station through the power line carrier module.

[0032] Example Three: This test is based on the typical power environment of college dormitories, including normal power use, illegal power use (including anti-power limiting devices), intermittent electricity stealing, and sudden power failure, to verify the measurement accuracy, illegal identification ability, data stability, and communication reliability of the electric energy meter.

[0033] Test environment: a 4-person dormitory in a college, with a power supply voltage of 220V / 50Hz, a standard power limit of 1000W, and connected devices including ordinary loads (laptop, LED table lamp, mobile phone charger), illegal loads (anti-power limiting socket + 1500W hair dryer), and simulated electricity stealing devices (intermittent short-circuiting tool).

[0034] I. Normal power consumption scenario test Test purpose: Verify the high-frequency sampling accuracy and the accuracy of ordinary load identification.

[0035] (1) Test equipment: Ordinary load: notebook computer (65W), LED desk lamp (10W), mobile phone charger (10W) Auxiliary tools: oscilloscope (accuracy ±0.1%), timer (accuracy 0.001s) (2) Test steps: Connect three ordinary loads at the same time and run continuously for 30 minutes; The electric energy meter collects voltage and current signals at a high frequency with a sampling period of 0.001s, and records key data every 10 minutes.

[0036] (2) Test data:

[0037] Table 1 Normal power consumption scenario test data table Conclusion: The total harmonic distortion rate (THD) of ordinary load is ≤2.2%, the phase difference is stable at 12-13°, the neural network identification accuracy is 100%, and the measurement error is ≤0.2% (in line with the first-class meter standard).

[0038] II. Violation of electricity consumption scenario test (anti-limit electricity socket + high-power electrical appliances) Test purpose: Verify the identification ability of "anti-limit electricity socket disguised as compliant load".

[0039] (1) Test equipment: Violating load: anti-limit electricity socket (with waveform shaping function) + 1500W hair dryer (actual power 1480W) Auxiliary tools: harmonic analyzer (accuracy ±0.5%) (2) Test steps: Connect the hair dryer through the anti-limit electricity socket to simulate the behavior of students evading power limits, and test in three stages: "start (10s) - run (2min) - stop (10s)"; The electric energy meter records high-frequency sampling data and neural network identification results, and synchronously triggers the alarm mechanism.

[0040] (3) Test data:

[0041] Table 2 Violation of electricity consumption scenario test data table Conclusion: The limit socket makes the fundamental wave parameter close to the compliance value through waveform shaping, but the 3rd harmonic amplitude is significantly higher than that of ordinary loads (≥1.0A), and the electric energy meter triggers an alarm within 8ms, with an accurate identification rate of 100%, and stores the harmonic feature vector (including sampling timestamp: 2025-07-06 14:30:05.234).

[0042] Three, intermittent electricity stealing scene test (short circuit line) Test purpose: To verify the ability to capture the "continuous second short circuit line" electricity stealing behavior.

[0043] (1) Test equipment: Simulation electricity stealing device: controllable short circuit switch (each short circuit lasts for 3s, with an interval of 10s, a total of 5 times) Auxiliary tool: phase monitor (accuracy ±0.1°) (2) Test steps: On the basis of normal electricity use (laptop + desk lamp), trigger the short circuit device to simulate intermittent electricity stealing; The electric energy meter triggers sampling through the electricity stealing monitoring timer, analyzes the phase mutation and time sequence characteristics.

[0044] (3) Test data:

[0045] Table 3 Test data table of intermittent electricity stealing scene Conclusion: When short-circuiting, the phase difference mutation is greater than 90°, and the anomaly lasts for 3000 sampling periods (3s). The electric energy meter accurately identifies the electricity stealing behavior, and simultaneously uploads evidence to the master station through the wireless communication module (resistant to dormitory electronic interference) with a delay of ≤2s.

[0046] Four, sudden power failure scene test Test purpose: To verify the super capacitor backup and data protection capabilities.

[0047] (1) Test equipment: Power-off simulator (instantaneous cut-off of external power supply), power consumption tester (accuracy ±1mA) (2) Test steps: Suddenly cut off the power in the illegal electricity use scene, record the super capacitor power supply time, data saving situation and power failure response time.

[0048] (3) Test data:

[0049] Table 4 Test data table of sudden power failure scene Conclusion: Switch to super capacitor power supply within 8ms after power failure, continuous power supply for 12.5 minutes (>10 minutes design standard), key data such as violation load characteristics, electricity stealing records are saved completely, and automatically uploaded to the master station after power recovery.

[0050] The test is summarized as follows: The single-phase cost control intelligent electric energy meter in the college dormitory scene: High-frequency sampling (0.001s period) can accurately capture harmonic characteristics, and the accuracy rate of general load identification is 100%; The identification response time of the anti-power limiting socket + high-power electrical appliance is less than or equal to 10ms, and the alarm is not missed; It can effectively capture the phase mutation of intermittent electricity stealing (3s / time), and the evidence is stored completely; The super capacitor guarantees that the data is not lost when the power fails, the power supply duration meets the design requirements, and it is suitable for the complex power management requirements of college dormitories.

[0051] The embodiments of the present application disclose the preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto, and the ordinary skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present application according to the above embodiments, and make different inferences and changes, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present application, they are within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A single-phase energy meter with a fee control function, characterized in that, Comprise: The main control MCU is the control core, connected with the anti-theft electricity module, coordinates the work of each module, realizes the scheduling and control of the whole operation of the electric energy meter; The sampling module is used for high-frequency acquisition of voltage and current signals, and temporarily stores the sampling data to provide raw data for electric energy metering; The power module is used to realize double power output, power supply for the main control MCU and other core circuits, to maintain the internal circuit power supply; The communication module is used to realize the data interaction between the main control MCU and the metering master station, supporting power line carrier and wireless communication modes; The storage module includes the register and data storage of the main control MCU, used for storing sampling parameters, metering data and load characteristic information; The auxiliary function module is used to realize electricity stealing monitoring, data encryption, time reference providing and circuit protection.

2. The single-phase charge control intelligent electric energy meter of claim 1, wherein, The sampling module includes a high-frequency sampling module, a voltage sampling module, a current sampling module and a sampling data temporary storage unit. The voltage sampling module and the current sampling module are connected in series in the sampling input circuit. The high-frequency sampling module is connected with the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module to collect signals at a sampling period of 0.001 seconds and temporarily store the data in the sampling data temporary storage unit.

3. The single-phase fee control intelligent electric energy meter of claim 2, characterized in that, The communication module includes a power line carrier module and a wireless communication module. The main control MCU is independently connected with the wireless communication module and the power line carrier module. The two communication modules work in parallel and can directly realize data interaction with the metering master station.

4. The single-phase fee control intelligent electric energy meter of claim 3, wherein, The power module is connected with a rectifier module. The input end of the rectifier module is connected with an external power supply. The output end is connected with a charging circuit and a super capacitor. The power module realizes double power output through rectification and charges the super capacitor through the charging circuit. The other end of the super capacitor is grounded and connected with a voltage reduction module to supply power for the power line carrier module. When power failure occurs, the super capacitor supplies power for the internal circuit through the voltage reduction module.

5. The single-phase fee control intelligent electric energy meter of claim 4, characterized in that, The auxiliary function module includes: The electricity stealing monitoring timer is integrated in the anti-theft electricity module and connected with the main control MCU. The time mark triggers sampling and judges the electricity state. The encryption module is connected with the main control MCU, the storage module, the power line carrier module and the wireless communication module to encrypt the stored and transmitted data. The clock unit generates a clock frequency through a crystal oscillator and is connected with the main control MCU and the sampling data temporary storage unit to provide a time reference. The circuit protection timer and the relay are connected. The power supply control module controls the on-off of the relay according to whether the electric energy meter is powered off to realize circuit protection.

6. A working method of a single-phase fee control smart electric energy meter, which is suitable for the single-phase fee control smart electric energy meter of claim 5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: initializing the sampling input circuit through the power line carrier module to realize the power-on of the electric energy meter; S2: the main control MCU outputs sampling parameters to the storage module to prepare for sampling; S3: the main control MCU receives the time mark of the electricity stealing monitoring timer in the anti-theft electricity module to judge whether to enter the working time according to the time mark to sample data; S4: the main control MCU outputs frequency parameters to the sampling data temporary storage unit and obtains the data of the sampling data temporary storage unit through the main control MCU to obtain the harmonic frequency domain information corresponding to the sampling period; S5: send the harmonic frequency domain information into the convolutional neural network for identification, convert the harmonic frequency domain information into digital signals and then send them into the convolutional neural network for identification, and determine whether it is an ordinary load or a power limit load; if it is an ordinary load, send the harmonic frequency domain information to the metering master station through the power line carrier module; if it is identified as a power limit load, immediately store the harmonic frequency domain information, sampling time and load feature vector of the power limit load, and send an alarm information to the metering master station through the communication module; S6: the electric energy meter communicates with the metering master station through the power line carrier module, the metering master station issues a data sampling instruction, the host MCU obtains the instruction and times, and controls the electric energy meter to sample at 1 kHz; S7: upload the sampling results to the metering master station through the power line carrier module.

7. The working method of a single-phase fee control intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the host MCU detects the time flag of the electricity stealing monitoring timer, and outputs a signal if the current time is within the working time to control the high-frequency sampling module to sample in the working state. During working state sampling, the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module in the sampling input circuit respectively collect the rectified voltage signal and current signal through the high-frequency sampling module, and send the voltage signal and current signal into the host MCU, which calculates the voltage effective value and current effective value according to the calculated phase. Meanwhile, the voltage sampling module and the current sampling module in the sampling input circuit sample the voltage and current respectively, and calculate the phase, sampling voltage fundamental value and current fundamental value every 0.001 seconds.

8. The working method of a single-phase fee control intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the following steps are included: S401: Main control MCU calculates the number in real time. The load feature vector for each sampling period is calculated using the following steps: S401a: calculate the frequency signal under the corresponding phase according to the phase and the current fundamental value under the corresponding phase by FFT (Fast Fourier Transform); S401b: calculate the average value of the frequency signals corresponding to all periods according to the frequency signal under the corresponding phase to obtain a load feature vector; S402: calculate the harmonic frequency domain information according to the load feature vector.

9. The working method of a single-phase fee control intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, the following steps are included: S501: obtain the load feature vector; S502: obtain the maximum value and minimum value of each element in the load feature vector, normalize the values and output them as data samples; S503: generate a data sample matrix; S504: input the data sample matrix into the convolutional neural network and extract features; S505: classify the features to determine the type of the device load.

10. The working method of a single-phase fee control intelligent electric energy meter according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S6, the following steps are included: S601: synchronize the 1 kHz sampling through the host MCU to ensure consistency with the master station timing control, and realize the timing control of the metering master station on the electric energy meter; S602: the host MCU sends the sampling parameters to the storage module; S603: obtain the sampling parameters and set the sampling mode, which includes the following steps: S603a: Obtain the sampling frequency in the sampling parameter ; S603b: obtain the sampling mode; The sampling mode includes 0 sampling and 1 sampling; If the sampling time is 0, then the preset time is used Sampling starts If it is 1 sampling, the host MCU outputs a driving signal and starts the sampling input circuit to sample signals to collect signals; S604: Sampling the sampling frequency according to the sampling parameter, and collecting the analog signal; S605: Digitally filtering and processing the analog signal and transforming the sampling of the signal to obtain the electric energy meter data; S606: Data packaging is performed on the metering master station according to the electric energy meter data, and the data is uploaded to the metering master station.

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