Sweet potato cultivation method for improving commercial rate of sweet potato using condensed ring polyphenol

Abstract

The application discloses a sweet potato cultivation method for improving commercial rate of sweet potato by using condensed ring polyphenol and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method is as follows: a condensed ring polyphenol solution is taken and diluted; when sweet potato seedlings are transplanted, a sweet potato nest is first opened, and the condensed ring polyphenol diluent is poured into the sweet potato nest; after the sweet potato seedling is inserted, the soil is covered and covered tightly. Further, the method can further include: the condensed ring polyphenol diluent is uniformly sprayed during the growth of stems and leaves of the sweet potato. It is proved by experiments that the condensed ring polyphenol diluent used in the application can play a role in regulating the growth of the sweet potato. Specifically, by using the condensed ring polyphenol diluent to pour the nest or to pour the nest and spray, the sweet potato seedling can be early rooted and early reseeded, and the survival rate is improved; the above-mentioned method can also promote the rapid growth of stems and leaves on the ground, increase the number of leaves, the number of branches and the fresh weight, and has a remarkable yield-increasing effect on the number of tubers, the fresh tuber yield and the drying rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a sweet potato cultivation method that utilizes polyphenols to improve the marketability of sweet potatoes. Background Technology

[0002] Fused-ring polyphenols are based on carbon atom SP 2 A hydrated solution with a hybrid, honeycomb-like lattice structure consisting of multiple hexagonal arrangements in a two-dimensional structure. Compared to traditional humic acid molecules (which share some structural similarities), this molecule removes the easily degradable sugar and amino acid residues, replacing them with a bioactive fused-ring polyphenol backbone. Furthermore, its hydrophobic (SP2) two-dimensional layered structure and hydrophilic (SP2) properties further enhance its hydration. 3 The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, -COOH, --CH(O)CH-), high specific surface area effect, and small size effect of monolayer result in excellent dispersibility of the structure in aqueous solution.

[0003] Currently, sweet potatoes are mainly cultivated using ridge planting, which improves soil structure, increases soil porosity, enhances the soil's heat absorption and dissipation capacity, and also facilitates drainage and irrigation. There are several cultivation methods for sweet potatoes, the most common being horizontal planting and oblique planting. Horizontal planting is suitable for plots with good water and fertilizer conditions, while oblique planting is suitable for planting short seedlings. After planting, cover the seedlings with soil, followed by subsequent field management, including timely weeding, fertilization, watering, and pest and disease control, to ensure healthy growth. Harvesting is generally carried out after the sweet potato's growth cycle is complete, depending on local climate conditions and the sweet potato's maturity.

[0004] Sweet potato is an important dryland grain crop in the Yimeng Mountains, ranking first in the province in both area and yield. The healthy development of the sweet potato industry has significant economic and social value for increasing food security and improving people's living standards. Improving yield and quality are key goals in sweet potato production, and this paper explores new technologies to enhance both. However, current sweet potato cultivation methods do not yield ideal results in terms of tuber number, fresh tuber yield, and drying rate. Furthermore, there are no existing literature reports on the application of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sweet potato cultivation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more effective sweet potato cultivation method to improve the marketability of sweet potatoes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a sweet potato cultivation method that utilizes fused-ring polyphenols to improve the marketability of sweet potatoes, aiming to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention mainly adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The sweet potato cultivation method that utilizes fused-ring polyphenols to improve the marketability of sweet potatoes includes the following steps:

[0008] Take a solution of fused-ring polyphenols and dilute it;

[0009] When planting sweet potato seedlings, first make a seedling hole and pour a diluted solution of polyphenols into the seedling hole;

[0010] After inserting the potato seedlings, cover them tightly with soil.

[0011] Furthermore, the sweet potato cultivation method also includes the following steps:

[0012] Spray evenly with a diluted solution of polycyclic polyphenols during the stem and leaf growth period of sweet potatoes.

[0013] Furthermore, the mass concentration of the fused-ring polyphenol solution is 0.1%-3%, and it is diluted 100-3000 times to obtain a diluted fused-ring polyphenol solution.

[0014] Furthermore, the amount of diluted polyphenol solution poured into each nest is 0.5-2.0 kg.

[0015] Furthermore, 30 days after the sweet potato seedlings are planted, spray the sweet potato stems and leaves evenly with a diluted solution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). When spraying, use 30-60 kg of the diluted PAH solution per acre.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] On the one hand, this invention utilizes the hydrophilic properties of polyphenols to water the planting holes during sweet potato seedling planting, which promotes the seedlings' water absorption and retention capacity, enhances their anti-transpiration effect, shortens the seedling recovery time, and increases the survival rate, thus solving the problem of water conservation in sweet potato seedling planting in hilly and mountainous areas under arid conditions. On the other hand, by utilizing the properties of polyphenols to improve soil aggregate structure and properties, this invention promotes the absorption and utilization of fertilizers by sweet potato seedlings, enhances the nutritional growth of sweet potatoes, optimizes the regulation and distribution of photosynthetic products, promotes tuber enlargement, and increases the marketable tuber rate and yield. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A comparative chart showing the experimental results of three treatments for Yanshu 25: control T1, watering treatment T2, and watering + spraying treatment T3.

[0019] Figure 2 These are actual photos of potato seedlings being planted.

[0020] Figure 3 These are comparison photos of mid-term samples from Yanshu 25 and Xushu 37;

[0021] Figure 4 These are actual photos of the harvest of Xushu 37. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following examples are used to further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0023] Polycyclic polyphenols (POPs) are novel two-dimensional nanomaterials prepared from graphite oxide through ultrasonication. When applied to soil, their aqueous solutions can improve soil aggregate structure, promote crop growth, and increase yield. This invention utilizes a diluted POP solution in sweet potato cultivation in two ways: First, when planting sweet potato seedlings, prepare planting holes, pour the diluted POP solution into the holes, insert the seedlings, and then cover them tightly with soil, such as by burying the holes with moist fine soil or sealing them with dry soil. Second, in addition to using the diluted POP solution when watering the planting holes, further spray the sweet potato stems and leaves evenly with the diluted POP solution during the stem and leaf growth period.

[0024] Polycyclic polyphenols (POPs) need to be diluted before use. Specifically, a 0.1%-3% POP solution should be diluted 100-3000 times. The amount poured per pot is 0.5-2.0 kg of diluted POP. Preferably, a 1% POP solution diluted 1000 times is used, with 1.0 kg poured per pot.

[0025] In addition, if further spraying of diluted polycyclic polyphenols is required, the sweet potato stems and leaves can be sprayed evenly with diluted polycyclic polyphenols 30 days after the seedlings are planted. When spraying, use 30-60 kg of diluted polycyclic polyphenols per acre.

[0026] The functional groups of the fused-ring polyphenols of this invention include hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and epoxy groups, wherein the number of hydroxyl functional groups is not less than 15% of the total number of functional groups. The average sheet size of the fused-ring polyphenols is 0.5-8 μm, and the average number of layers is 1-3. The average carbon-to-oxygen ratio of the fused-ring polyphenols is 1.1-2.0.

[0027] Fused-ring polyphenols are novel two-dimensional nanomaterials prepared from graphite oxide via ultrasonication. Their surfaces contain specific oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and epoxy groups, exhibiting high mechanical strength, excellent electrical conductivity, unique optical characteristics, and good electrochemical properties. Furthermore, fused-ring polyphenols can be naturally formed, for example, through the degradation and fermentation of straw, rice straw, and graphite. The specific methods for preparing graphite oxide via ultrasonication are as follows:

[0028] The raw material, flake graphite, was washed, dried, pulverized, and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain finely sized flake graphite powder. The graphite powder was then ultrasonically dispersed in concentrated sulfuric acid to form a graphite-concentrated sulfuric acid dispersion with a mass concentration of 0.1 g / ml. This dispersion was treated with ultrasonic stirring at 120 W for 1.5 h. Next, potassium permanganate was finely ground and dissolved in concentrated phosphoric acid, with the dissolution temperature controlled between 40-60℃. The mixture was ultrasonically stirred until homogeneous. Octadecic acid was then added, and the mixture was ultrasonically treated for 0.5 h. After natural cooling to room temperature, the next step was performed.

[0029] The above-mentioned potassium permanganate-phosphoric acid viscous solution was added to the graphite-sulfuric acid suspension at a rate of 1-2 drops per second, while controlling the reaction system temperature below 40℃. After mixing, the mixture was ultrasonically stirred for 2 hours. Once the system became viscous, approximately 1 / 2 liter of concentrated phosphoric acid was added to dilute the system. The mixture was then added dropwise to water, while controlling the temperature below 70℃, and the reaction was completed in 5 minutes. After hydrolysis, the graphite suspension under acidic conditions was ultrasonically exfoliated. After ultrasonic stirring for 2 hours, the unexfoliated graphite was removed by centrifugation at 4000 r / min for 5 minutes. The supernatant was collected as the fused-ring polyphenol colloidal solution. An equal volume of 4% ammonium sulfate solution was added for salting out, followed by filtration. After washing with water and alcohol, the product was vacuum dried at 45℃ for 3 hours. The obtained product was designated as the sample fused-ring polyphenol.

[0030] The obtained fused-ring polyphenols were loose, white powders that did not clump, had no obvious color difference visible to the naked eye, and had a density ≥1.1 g / cm³. 3 The particles are all large enough to pass through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0031] To verify the application method of polycyclic polyphenols on sweet potatoes and their effects on sweet potato growth, specific examples are used below to verify the effectiveness of the present invention.

[0032] Example

[0033] I. Experimental Crops

[0034] The test crop was sweet potato, with two varieties provided by the Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences: the fresh-eating variety Yanshu 25 and the starch-producing variety Xushu 37.

[0035] II. Situation of the test site

[0036] The experiment was conducted at the sweet potato experimental field of the Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, located in Lanshan District, Linyi City (118.26°E, 35.1°N), at an altitude of 76.6 meters. The previous crop was millet. The terrain was flat, the soil was deep, and the texture was loamy with a slight clayey consistency, with a soil bulk density of 1.5 g / cm³. 3 The pH value is 5.8; the soil fertility is moderate, containing 10.8 g / kg of organic matter, 46.4 mg / kg of available nitrogen, 43.5 mg / kg of available phosphorus, and 179.4 mg / kg of available potassium.

[0037] III. Test Materials

[0038] 1% polycyclic polyphenol solution X7 (by mass concentration) and Kingenta potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (high potassium compound fertilizer, N:P2O5:K2O=13:10:20); polycyclic polyphenol solution X7 should be diluted 1:1000 before use.

[0039] IV. Experimental Design

[0040] In late April 2021, 50 kg / mu of Kingenta potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was evenly applied as base fertilizer to the experimental site. Following this, mechanical tillage and ridging were carried out, with a ridge spacing of approximately 85 cm and a ridge height of approximately 30 cm. The dosage and application time of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) solution were implemented according to the design plan. In early May, vine shoots approximately 25 cm long with 7-8 leaf nodes were selected and planted obliquely or horizontally, with a plant spacing of 22-25 cm and a row spacing of 85 cm, resulting in a density of approximately 3600-3800 plants / mu. Sufficient water was applied to help the seedlings establish, and the soil was compacted to improve the survival rate. Two to three days after planting, timely checks were conducted to prevent damage from cutworms and other pests. Weeding and cultivation were carried out once before and after the rainy season. In August and September, vine training and pest control for sweet potato weevils and wheat moths were conducted 1-2 times. Other management practices were the same as in general field management. Harvesting took place in mid-to-late October.

[0041] This experiment used a randomized method to design a comparative experiment with three treatments: T1 (control, no polycyclic polyphenols used), T2 (polycyclic polyphenols diluted 1000 times, poured into the pit), and T3 (polycyclic polyphenols diluted 1000 times, poured into the pit and sprayed).

[0042] In addition, two relatively independent trials were conducted for the fresh-eating variety Yanshu 25 and the starch-type variety Xushu 37. Each variety underwent a comparative trial using the three treatments mentioned above. The trials were conducted in plots, each 5m long and 4.25m wide, with an area of ​​21m². 2 Planted in 5 rows with 20 plants per row. Each treatment was randomly assigned and replicated 3 times, with 0.6m aisles between replicates and protective rows around the perimeter. The specific design of the field trial is shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Experimental Design and Treatment Table for Fused-Ring Polyphenol Solutions

[0044]

[0045] V. Survey Methods and Measurement Items

[0046] 5.1 Determination of agronomic traits

[0047] Sixty days after the potato seedlings were planted, five consecutive plants were selected from each plot and dug up along with their roots for testing of key agronomic traits such as branching, vine length, and tuber formation.

[0048] 5.2 Yield Measurement

[0049] After harvest, 10 consecutive plants were selected from each plot to investigate the number of large (>250g), medium (100-250g), and small (50-100g) tubers. The number of tubers per plant and the weight of fresh tubers were counted, and the marketable tuber rate and yield were calculated.

[0050] For starchy varieties, the drying rate should be determined within one week after harvest. For each treatment and each replicate, take medium-sized tubers (sample size not less than 300g), slice them, dry them at 70-80℃ to constant weight, and calculate the drying rate.

[0051] For fresh-eating varieties, quality should be assessed by describing the appearance quality based on factors such as flesh color, shape, size, and uniformity of the tubers.

[0052] VI. Results Analysis

[0053] 6.1 Effects of different treatments on the survival rate of potato seedlings

[0054] The experimental results are shown in Table 2:

[0055] Table 2. Effects of different treatments on the survival rate of potato seedlings of Xushu 37 and Yanshu 25.

[0056]

[0057] As shown in the table above, the seedlings of Xushu 37 and Yanshu 25 treated with diluted polyphenol solution recovered one day earlier than the control; the seedling survival rate also increased slightly. Specifically, the survival rate of Xushu 37 in treatment T2 was 97.67%, which was 4.34 percentage points higher than the control T1, and the survival rate of Yanshu 25 in treatment T3 was 96.33%, which was 1.33 percentage points higher than the control.

[0058] 6.2 Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits of sweet potato

[0059] The experimental results are shown in Table 3:

[0060] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits of Xushu 37 and Yanshu 25

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] As shown in the table above, for the Xushu 37 and Yanshu 25 varieties, treatments T2 and T3 all increased the number of leaves per plant, the number of branches, the length of the main stem, the fresh and dry weight of stems and leaves, and the fresh and dry weight of roots compared to the control. Among these, treatment T3 had the most significant increase in the number of leaves per plant, the number of branches, the length of the main stem, and the fresh and dry weight of stems and leaves for both varieties, while treatment T2 had the most significant effect on the fresh and dry weight of roots for both varieties, showing the largest increase. The number of tubers, the drying rate of stems and leaves, and the drying rate of roots also increased to varying degrees compared to the control.

[0064] 6.3 Effects of different treatments on sweet potato tuber formation habits

[0065] The experimental results are shown in Table 4:

[0066] Table 4. Effects of different treatments on tuber formation habits of Xushu 37 and Yanshu 25.

[0067]

[0068] As shown in the table above, the experimental treatments had no significant effect on the appearance characteristics of the two varieties, such as tuber shape, skin color, flesh color, smoothness, and grooves. There were some differences in the number of tubers, the number of large tubers, and the weight of tubers per plant; treatments T2 and T3 both showed increases compared to the control, with treatment T3 showing the largest increase. Regarding the effect of each treatment on the weight of tubers per plant, the increase in Xushu 37 was not significant, while Yanshu 25 showed a more significant difference.

[0069] 6.4 Effects of different treatments on sweet potato yield and drying rate

[0070] The experimental results are shown in Table 5:

[0071] Table 5. Effects of different treatments on sweet potato yield and drying rate

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] As shown in the table above, the fresh potato yield of Xushu 37 showed little difference among different treatments. Treatments T2 and T3 showed yield increases of 2.06% and 1.30% compared to the control (T1), respectively. The drying rate of treatments T2 and T3 was slightly higher than the control, increasing by 0.19 and 0.62 percentage points, respectively. The highest dried potato yield was achieved in treatment T3, with a yield of 756.1 kg / mu. The fresh potato yield of Yanshu 25 showed significant differences among different treatments. Treatments T3 and T2 showed yield increases of 8.63% and 7.10% compared to the control (T1), respectively. The drying rate of treatments T3 and T2 also increased compared to the control, increasing by 0.16 and 0.08 percentage points, respectively. The highest dried potato yield was achieved in treatment T3, with a yield of 762.86 kg / mu.

[0075] To more intuitively illustrate the effects of different treatments of polyphenols on agronomic traits and parameters of sweet potato, such as... Figure 1 The chart shows a comparison of the experimental results for three treatments of Yanshu 25: control T1, watering treatment T2, and watering + spraying treatment T3. The chart shows that treatments T2 and T3 showed significant improvements in all indicators compared to control T1, particularly in the yield of fresh potatoes and dried potatoes per acre.

[0076] In addition, combined Figure 2-4 The actual experimental site photo is shown. The treatment subplots for the three treatments are designated as I, II, and III. Each treatment was repeated three times; for example, the three treatment subplots for the control T1 treatment are I-1, II-2, and III-3. Figure 2 As shown, the three cells that were processed in T1 are in front, and the cells that were processed in T2 and T3 are in the back. Figure 3 The images shown are mid-term sampling photos of the three treatments. Compared with the control T1, the number of leaves, branches, and vine length of the two sweet potato varieties in treatments T2 and T3 were increased. Figure 3 These are actual photos of sweet potato harvests in treatment plots 1 and 3 under three treatment methods for Xushu 37.

[0077] Therefore, in summary, the above experimental results show that:

[0078] (1) Applying a 1000-fold diluted solution of polyphenols to the planting hole when planting potato seedlings can increase the survival rate of potato seedlings by 1 to 4 percentage points and shorten the recovery time by 1 day.

[0079] (2) The application of polyphenols diluted 1000 times has a significant promoting effect on the growth of both aboveground and underground parts. The number of leaves, branches, vine length, fresh weight of stems and leaves, dry weight, fresh weight of roots and dry weight of individual plants are all increased compared with the control.

[0080] (3) The application of a 1000-fold diluted solution of polyphenols significantly promoted the growth of tubers in the fresh-eating variety Yanshu 25, increasing the number of tubers per plant and the weight of tubers per plant to a certain extent, resulting in a significant increase in fresh tuber yield. The watering treatment T2 increased yield by 7.10% compared to the control, and the watering + foliar spraying treatment T3 increased yield by 8.63% compared to the control. The yield-increasing effect on the starch-type variety Xushu 37 was not as significant as that of Yanshu 25, but still showed some improvement. The watering treatment T2 increased fresh tuber yield by 2.06% compared to the control, with a drying rate increase of 0.19 percentage points and a dried tuber yield increase of 2.64%. The watering + foliar spraying treatment T3 increased fresh tuber yield by 1.30% compared to the control, with a drying rate increase of 0.62 percentage points and a dried tuber yield increase of 3.16%.

[0081] This invention utilizes a diluted solution of polycyclic polyphenols during sweet potato cultivation, including watering the soil and watering the soil with a spray. Both methods regulate sweet potato growth. When the diluted aqueous solution of polycyclic polyphenols is applied to the soil, it can improve soil aggregate structure, alleviate soil acidification and salinity problems in agricultural planting, promote root development, increase the absorption and utilization rate of fertilizers, promote robust crop growth, and improve yield and quality, thus bringing significant economic benefits to sweet potato production.

[0082] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sweet potato cultivation method that utilizes fused-ring polyphenols to improve the marketability of sweet potatoes, characterized in that, The sweet potato cultivation method includes the following steps: Take a solution of fused-ring polyphenols and dilute it; When planting sweet potato seedlings, first make a seedling hole and pour a diluted solution of polyphenols into the seedling hole; After inserting the potato seedlings, cover them with soil and make sure it is completely covered. The sweet potato cultivation method also includes the following steps: Spray evenly with a diluted solution of polycyclic polyphenols during the stem and leaf growth period of sweet potatoes; The polycyclic polyphenols improve the survival rate of potato seedlings and shorten the seedling recovery time; promote the growth of above-ground and underground parts, increase the number of leaves, branches, vine length, fresh weight of stems and leaves, dry weight of roots, and fresh weight of roots per plant; and increase the number of tubers per plant, the weight of tubers per plant, and the yield of fresh tubers. The functional groups of fused-ring polyphenols include hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and epoxy groups. The number of hydroxyl functional groups is not less than 15% of the total number of functional groups. The average sheet size of fused-ring polyphenols is 0.5-8 μm, the average number of layers is 1-3, and the average carbon-oxygen ratio of fused-ring polyphenols is 1.1-2.

0.

2. The sweet potato cultivation method for improving the marketability of sweet potatoes using polycyclic polyphenols as described in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the polycyclic polyphenol solution is 0.1%-3%, and the polycyclic polyphenol solution is obtained by diluting it 100-3000 times.

3. The sweet potato cultivation method for improving the marketability of sweet potatoes using fused-ring polyphenols as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The amount of diluted polycyclic polyphenol solution poured into each nest is 0.5-2.0 kg.

4. The sweet potato cultivation method for improving the marketability of sweet potatoes using fused-ring polyphenols as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Thirty days after planting the sweet potato seedlings, spray the sweet potato stems and leaves evenly with a diluted solution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). When spraying, use 30-60 kg of the diluted PAHs per acre.

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