Photocatalytic hydrogen production device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of photocatalytic hydrogen production device and method, the device includes efficient light collection system, and the multiple porous jet device, helical-jet coupling catalytic reactor and gas-liquid separator are sequentially communicated;Wherein: efficient light collection system includes arc light collection plate, lifting adjusting rod and support structure;Helical-jet coupling catalytic reactor includes helical pipe reactor and the several jet nozzles being arranged in helical pipe reactor;Multiple porous jet device and helical-jet coupling catalytic reactor are arranged on the central axis of arc light collection plate, and the side adjacent to each other is fixedly connected, and the other side is respectively fixedly connected with support structure;The liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator is communicated with multiple porous jet device, jet nozzle by pipeline.The device is through the synergic design of efficient utilization of light energy and liquid circulation reinforcement, significantly improves the mixing effect of reaction liquid and catalyst, effectively improves catalytic efficiency and inhibits catalyst settlement, ensures the stable operation of reaction system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of photocatalytic hydrogen production, and particularly relates to a photocatalytic hydrogen production device and method based on liquid-solid enhanced mass transfer. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the hydrogen production approach, water electrolysis is the current mainstream scheme, although it has high hydrogen production efficiency and wide application range, but before electrolysis, wastewater needs to be treated, resulting in high cost. In comparison, photocatalytic hydrogen production only needs a certain amount of catalyst, seawater or hard water and sufficient light. Therefore, the advantages of photocatalytic hydrogen production mainly lie in simple structure, low price and easy-to-obtain raw materials.

[0003] However, although photocatalytic hydrogen production has the above advantages, due to the problems of poor mixing effect of reaction liquid and photocatalyst, easy settlement of catalyst and low light utilization rate, the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency is poor, which restricts the popularization and application of photocatalytic hydrogen production technology. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems in the existing photocatalytic hydrogen production technology, the application provides a photocatalytic hydrogen production device and method. The device is cooperatively designed by efficient light utilization and liquid circulation enhancement, which significantly improves the mixing effect of reaction liquid and catalyst, promotes the improvement of catalytic reaction efficiency, effectively inhibits the settlement of catalyst and ensures the stable operation of the reaction system.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

[0006] The first aspect of the application is to provide a photocatalytic hydrogen production device, which comprises an efficient light collection system, and a porous jetifier, a spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor and a gas-liquid separator which are sequentially connected; wherein:

[0007] The efficient light collection system comprises an arc-shaped light collection plate, a lifting adjusting rod arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped light collection plate, and a support structure fixedly connected at both ends of the arc-shaped light collection plate;

[0008] The spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor comprises a spiral pipe type reactor and a plurality of jet nozzles arranged in the spiral pipe type reactor;

[0009] The porous jetifier and the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor are arranged on the central axis of the arc-shaped light collection plate, and the adjacent side of the two is fixedly connected, and the other side is respectively fixedly connected with the support structure of the efficient light collection system;

[0010] The liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator is respectively communicated with the porous jetifier and the jet nozzle through a pipeline, and a circulating pump is arranged on the communication pipeline between the gas-liquid separator and the porous jetifier.

[0011] In some embodiments, the multi-hole jet flow device has 3-6 nozzles, and the nozzles are arranged in a circle; the diameter of the nozzles is 3-6 mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the helical angle of the helical pipe reactor is 60-80°, the helical diameter is 0.2-0.3 m, and the pitch is 0.15-0.25 m.

[0013] The helical pipe reactor is made of a glass sheet, and the material is ultra-white glass or optical glass; the thickness of the glass sheet is 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0014] In some embodiments, in the helical pipe reactor, the jet flow head is arranged at the top of each helical circle of the helical pipe reactor and on the left and right sides in the horizontal direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, in the helical pipe reactor, the connecting pipeline of the multi-hole jet flow device and the circulating pump and the connecting pipeline of the helical-jet coupling catalytic reactor and the gas-liquid separator are both transparent hoses and are arranged along the support structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, in the high-efficiency light condensing system, the arc-shaped light condensing plate is spliced by several arc-shaped light reflecting plates; the adjustment range of the inclination angle α of the arc-shaped light condensing plate is 10-90°; the left and right symmetrically arranged lifting adjustment rods at the bottom of the arc-shaped light condensing plate drive the arc-shaped light condensing plate to rotate around the shaft through double-rod linkage, so as to realize dynamic adjustment of left and right swinging.

[0017] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid separator comprises a tank body, a stirrer, a cyclone and a honeycomb baffle arranged in the tank body from bottom to top; the honeycomb baffle divides the space in the pipe into a hydrogen collection area at the upper part and a catalytic liquid collection area at the lower part.

[0018] The gas-liquid separator further comprises a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet and a mixed phase inlet in the catalytic liquid collection area, and a hydrogen collection port in the hydrogen collection area; the mixed phase inlet communicates with the cyclone.

[0019] In some embodiments, the distance between the bottom of the honeycomb baffle and the mixed phase inlet accounts for 10-15% of the total height of the gas-liquid separator; the thickness of the honeycomb baffle accounts for 5-10% of the total height of the gas-liquid separator; the volume of the hydrogen collection area accounts for 40-50% of the total volume of the gas-liquid separator.

[0020] The second aspect of the application provides a photocatalytic hydrogen production method using the above-mentioned photocatalytic hydrogen production device, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: the catalytic liquid from the gas-liquid separator enters the porous jet device and the jet nozzle;

[0022] S2: the catalytic liquid generates turbulent kinetic energy through the nozzle inside the porous jet device, and the liquid-solid two-phase mass transfer mixing is preliminarily strengthened; then the catalytic liquid is sprayed into the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor, under the action of the centrifugal field generated by the spiral tube reactor and the jet turbulent field generated by the jet nozzle, the liquid-solid two-phase mass transfer mixing is further strengthened, and the photocatalysis is carried out under the action of the incident light and the reflected light of the high-efficiency light collection system, so that hydrogen is generated, and a multi-phase mixture is formed;

[0023] S3: the multi-phase mixture enters the gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation, the separated hydrogen is collected, and the separated catalytic liquid is sent back to the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor for cyclic reaction.

[0024] In some embodiments, in step S3, the jet nozzle adopts an intermittent operation mode, and the jet interval and the jet intensity of the jet nozzle are adaptively adjusted according to the flow rate change and the settling of the catalyst.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects as follows:

[0026] (1) In the photocatalytic hydrogen production device of the present application, the catalytic liquid pressurized by the circulating pump first generates turbulent kinetic energy in the porous jet device, and preliminarily strengthens the liquid-solid two-phase mass transfer mixing; then the catalytic liquid quickly enters the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor, and under the joint action of the centrifugal field generated by the spiral tube reactor and the jet turbulent field generated by the jet nozzle, the liquid-solid two-phase mass transfer mixing is further strengthened, effectively solving the problem of easy settling of the catalyst.

[0027] (2) In the present application, a high-efficiency light collection system is also provided, which receives the incident light and reflects and focuses it on the back of the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor, thereby improving the effective light receiving area and light energy utilization rate of the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor. In addition, when processing the same volume of catalytic liquid, the light receiving area of the spiral tube reactor is larger than that of the flat plate reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the photocatalytic hydrogen production device of the present application.

[0029] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the high-efficiency light collection system.

[0030] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor.

[0031] Figure 4 is a top view of the spiral tube reactor.

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the porous jet device and the spiral-jet coupling catalytic reactor.

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the porous jet device and the support structure.

[0034] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the light irradiation of the spiral-jet coupling catalytic reactor.

[0035] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-liquid separator.

[0036] In the figure:

[0037] 100 - high-efficiency light condensing system; 110 - arc-shaped light condensing plate; 120 - lifting adjusting rod; 130 - support structure; 200 - porous jet device; 210 - buckle; 220 - connecting hose; 230 - gas-tight joint; 300 - spiral-jet coupling catalytic reactor; 310 - spiral pipe reactor; 320 - jet nozzle; 400 - gas-liquid separator; 410 - tank body; 411 - liquid inlet; 412 - liquid outlet; 413 - mixed phase inlet; 414 - hydrogen gas collection port; 420 - stirrer; 430 - cyclone; 440 - honeycomb baffle; 500 - circulating pump; 600 - flow meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] For example, referring to Figure 1 the structure schematic diagram of the photocatalytic hydrogen production device, the photocatalytic hydrogen production device of the present application comprises a high-efficiency light condensing system 100, and a porous jet device 200, a spiral-jet coupling catalytic reactor 300 and a gas-liquid separator 400 connected in sequence; wherein:

[0041] As shown in Figure 2 , the high-efficiency light condensing system 100 comprises an arc-shaped light condensing plate 110, a lifting adjusting rod 120 arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped light condensing plate 110, and a support structure 130 fixedly connected at both ends of the arc-shaped light condensing plate 110;

[0042] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the spiral-jet coupling catalytic reactor 300 includes a spiral pipe reactor 310 and several jet nozzles 320 arranged in the spiral pipe reactor 310;

[0043] The porous jet device 200 and the spiral-jet coupling catalytic reactor 300 are arranged on the central axis of the arc-shaped light collecting plate 110, parallel to the bottom surface of the arc-shaped light collecting plate 110, and combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the two adjacent sides are fixedly connected by the buckle 210 and the rubber gasket, realizing stable connection, and the setting of the rubber gasket can prevent the buckle 210 from being too tight to damage the reactor, and the other side is fixedly connected with the support structure 130 at both ends of the arc-shaped light collecting plate 110 through the flange steel plate, so as to ensure the stability of the structure.

[0044] The liquid outlet 412 (as shown in Figure 8 ) of the gas-liquid separator 400 is communicated with the porous jet device 200 and the jet nozzle 320 through pipelines respectively, for conveying the catalytic liquid to the porous jet device 200 and the jet nozzle 320; the communication pipeline of the gas-liquid separator 400 and the porous jet device 200 is provided with a circulating pump 500 and a flow meter 600. The mixed phase inlet 413 (as shown in Figure 8 ) of the gas-liquid separator 400 is communicated with the outlet of the spiral pipe reactor 310 through a pipeline, and the multi-phase mixture generated by photocatalysis is separated in the gas-liquid separator 400.

[0045] The catalytic liquid mentioned above is mixed by a reaction liquid and a catalyst, and the reaction liquid and the catalyst are both conventional choices in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Specifically, the reaction liquid includes but is not limited to tap water, seawater, lake water, and deionized water, and the catalyst includes but is not limited to titanium dioxide and cadmium sulfide.

[0046] The above-mentioned porous jet device 200 has several nozzles, and the nozzles are arranged and combined in a circle, and each nozzle is spliced by a precise positioning welding process. Preferably, the number of nozzles is 3-6, and the nozzle diameter is 3-6 mm.

[0047] Back to Figure 4 In the spiral-jet coupling catalytic reactor 300, the spiral angle of the spiral pipe reactor 310 is 60°-80°, the spiral diameter is 0.2-0.3 m, and the pitch is 0.15-0.25 m. The spiral pipe reactor 310 is made of a glass sheet, and the material is super white glass or optical glass, preferably super white glass; the thickness of the glass sheet is 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0048] Back to Figure 3The jet flow nozzles 320 are circumferentially arranged along the spiral reactor 310, preferably at the top of each spiral of the spiral reactor 310 and on both sides in the horizontal direction, and are fixed by steel flanges.

[0049] The porous jet flow device 200 brings initial kinetic energy to the catalytic liquid, and the catalytic liquid can produce a shearing and breaking effect after entering the spiral reactor 310. After the catalytic liquid enters the spiral reactor 310, the spiral structure thereof guides the catalytic liquid to produce a cyclone effect, and the centrifugal force improves the solid-liquid contact efficiency. Meanwhile, the jet flow formed by the directional impact of the jet flow nozzles 320 arranged at the set position forms multiple eddies, and the jet flow disturbance and the cyclone field cooperatively improve the mass transfer coefficient. In addition, the secondary backflow generated by the spiral flow channel cooperates to build a three-dimensional vortex structure, significantly improves the solid-liquid contact efficiency, and strengthens the solid-liquid mass transfer.

[0050] In addition, the circumferentially arranged jet flow nozzles 320 have the advantage that when the local flow rate is insufficient, the adjacent jet flow nozzles 320 automatically compensate the flow and generate self-cleaning shear force.

[0051] The connecting pipelines between the porous jet flow device 200 and the circulating pump 500 and the connecting pipelines between the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300 and the gas-liquid separator 400 are all transparent flexible tubes, and are arranged along the support structure 130 to prevent the pipelines from blocking the light reflection area of the high-efficiency light condensing system 100, thereby improving the light efficiency. Referring to Figure 6 The connecting flexible tube 220 between the porous jet flow device 200 and the circulating pump 500 is in communication with the porous jet flow device 200 through the air-tight joint 230, so as to ensure that the liquid can be completely delivered to the inside of the porous jet flow device 200 without any overflow.

[0052] The arc-shaped light condensing plate 110 is spliced by a plurality of arc-shaped light reflecting plates, and the size of the arc-shaped light condensing plate 110 is determined according to the actual application site and the actual running flow. As shown in Figure 7 The light received by the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300 can be divided into two parts, one part is directly incident from the sunlight, and the other part is reflected from the arc-shaped light condensing plate 110. The parabolic structure of the arc-shaped light condensing plate 110 reflects and focuses the incident light received thereby on the back of the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300, thereby improving the effective light receiving area of the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300, improving the light utilization rate and the catalytic efficiency, and reducing the economic cost.

[0053] The lifting adjusting rods 120 at the bottom of the arc-shaped light collecting plate 110 are arranged symmetrically left and right, and the arc-shaped light collecting plate 110 is driven to rotate around the shaft through double-rod linkage to realize dynamic adjustment of left and right swinging, thereby ensuring that the light collecting surface is orthogonal to the incident sunlight in real time. The inclination angle α of the arc-shaped light collecting plate 110 can be controlled within 10°-90°, and the specific inclination angle is determined according to the solar radiation coverage area and the incident angle to maximize the received light.

[0054] Reference Figure 8 The gas-liquid separator 400 comprises a tank body 410, a stirrer 420, a cyclone 430 and a honeycomb baffle 440 arranged in the tank body 410 from bottom to top, and the honeycomb baffle 440 separates the space in the tank into a hydrogen collection area at the upper part and a catalytic liquid collection area at the lower part.

[0055] The gas-liquid separator 400 further comprises a liquid inlet 411, a liquid outlet 412 and a mixed phase inlet 413 located in the catalytic liquid collection area, and the mixed phase inlet 413 is in communication with the cyclone 430, and a hydrogen collection port 414 located in the hydrogen collection area.

[0056] In the gas-liquid separator 400, the distance between the bottom of the honeycomb baffle 440 and the mixed phase inlet 413 accounts for 10%-15% of the total height of the gas-liquid separator 400; the thickness of the honeycomb baffle 440 accounts for 5%-10% of the total height of the gas-liquid separator 400; and the volume of the hydrogen collection area accounts for 40%-50% of the total volume of the gas-liquid separator 400.

[0057] In the gas-liquid separator 400, the multiphase mixture enters the cyclone 430 in the gas-liquid separator 400 through the mixed phase inlet 413, and the hydrogen and the catalytic liquid are preliminarily separated in the cyclone 430, the separated hydrogen rises to the honeycomb baffle 440 to further remove water vapor, and the separated catalytic liquid descends, is fully stirred by the stirrer 420, and then is discharged from the liquid outlet 412 to be delivered to the porous jet device 200. At the same time, the top of the stirrer 420 is lower than the cyclone 430, which can prevent liquid splashing and thus pollute the cyclone 430.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The photocatalytic hydrogen production method of the photocatalytic hydrogen production device in Example 1 is adopted, which comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1: The mixed catalytic liquid is sent into the gas-liquid separator 400 through the liquid inlet 411, and is uniformly mixed by the stirrer 420;

[0061] S2: The circulating pump 500 is started, the uniformly mixed catalytic liquid enters the porous jet device 200 and the jet nozzle 320 from the liquid outlet 412 of the gas-liquid separator 400, and at this time, the power of the circulating pump 500 is adjusted according to the flow meter 600 and the actual situation, so that the flow rate is adjusted to the best state.

[0062] S3: The catalytic liquid generates turbulent kinetic energy through the nozzle inside the porous jet device 200, preliminarily strengthening the mass transfer mixing of the liquid-solid two-phase; then the catalytic liquid is sprayed into the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300, under the action of the centrifugal field generated by the spiral pipe reactor 310 and the jet turbulent field generated by the jet nozzle 320, the mass transfer mixing of the liquid-solid two-phase is further strengthened, and photocatalysis is carried out under the action of the incident sunlight and the reflected light of the high-efficiency light collection system 100, so as to produce hydrogen and form a multi-phase mixture;

[0063] S4: The multi-phase mixture produced in step S3 enters the cyclone 430 in the gas-liquid separator 400 through the mixed-phase inlet 413, and the hydrogen and the catalytic liquid are preliminarily separated in the cyclone 430. The separated hydrogen rises to the honeycomb baffle 440 to further remove water vapor, and then enters the hydrogen collection area through the hydrogen collection port 414 at the top and is discharged and collected.

[0064] S5: The separated catalytic liquid falls into the catalytic liquid collection area, is stirred by the stirrer 420, and then circulates to the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300 for continuous reaction under the action of the circulating pump 500.

[0065] In the above step S3, the jet nozzle 320 adopts an intermittent operation mode and is not continuously operated at high intensity. The rhythmic and autonomous flushing generated by the jet nozzle 320 can effectively break the stable state of the fluid and generate a large amount of dynamic vortex. The periodic flushing effect generated by the dynamic vortex can form a strong shear force on the wall surface and generate a lifting effect in the low pressure area, thereby significantly reducing the catalyst settlement and its adhesion to the inner wall of the reactor.

[0066] In addition, the jet interval and jet intensity of the jet nozzle 320 can be adaptively adjusted according to the flow rate change and the settlement of the catalyst. This intermittent operation strategy has the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, and guarantees the continuous and stable operation of the device under wide flow conditions.

[0067] Performance comparison test of photocatalytic hydrogen production device

[0068] The test aims to verify the synergistic effect of the high-efficiency light collection system and the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor in the photocatalytic hydrogen production device (as described in Example 1), and to verify the key role of the two in improving the hydrogen production efficiency and maintaining the stable operation of the system through comparative experiments.

[0069] 1. Test materials and conditions

[0070] Test device: Construct the photocatalytic hydrogen production device as described in Example 1.

[0071] Catalytic liquid: tap water with 2wt% TiO2 as catalyst.

[0072] Light condition: simulated solar light source (AM 1.5G) with fixed intensity of 100 mW / cm².

[0073] Running parameters: circulation pump flow rate controlled at 10 L / min, reaction system temperature at 23 °C, and test duration of 2 hours.

[0074] 2. Experimental group and comparative example design

[0075] Experimental group (the present invention): complete operation of the device, normal opening of the high-efficiency light condensing system 100 and the jet nozzle 320 in the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300.

[0076] Comparative example 1 (without light condensing): using a light shield to completely block the arc-shaped light condensing plate 110, only direct light is retained, and the jet nozzle 320 is normally opened.

[0077] Comparative example 2 (without jet): closing all jet nozzles 320, relying only on the natural spiral flow of fluid in the spiral pipe reactor 310 for reaction, and the high-efficiency light condensing system 100 is normally opened.

[0078] Comparative example 3 (basic configuration): blocking the arc-shaped light condensing plate 110 and closing the jet nozzle 320 at the same time, as the most basic pipe reactor reference.

[0079] 3. Test method and results

[0080] Each group of experiments was stably operated for 2 hours, the hydrogen production of the gas-liquid separator hydrogen collection port was measured by gas chromatograph every 1 hour, and the average hydrogen production rate was calculated. After the experiment, the catalyst adhesion on the inner wall of the spiral pipe reactor 310 was checked. The results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083] 4. Results analysis and conclusion

[0084] Hydrogen production efficiency analysis: the hydrogen production rate of the experimental group (the present invention) is significantly higher than that of all comparative examples, which proves the synergistic effect of the high-efficiency light condensing system 100 and the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300. The rate of comparative example 1 (without light condensing) decreases, which shows that the high-efficiency light condensing system 100 can effectively increase the input of light energy and improve the driving force of the reaction; the rate of comparative example 2 (without jet) decreases, which verifies that the dynamic vortex generated by the jet can effectively strengthen the mass transfer.

[0085] System stability analysis: After the experiment, the inspection of the spiral tube reactor 310 showed that there was almost no catalyst attached to the inner wall of the experimental group and the comparative example 1 (jet flow opened), while the comparative examples 2 and 3 (jet flow closed) had obvious attachment and deposition. This directly proves that the periodic flushing mechanism of the jet nozzle 320 can effectively inhibit the catalyst settlement, greatly reduce the risk of blockage, and ensure the long-term continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0086] Conclusion: This test fully shows that the present application innovatively combines high-efficiency light concentration with a spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor 300, not only achieving synergistic gain in hydrogen production efficiency, but also solving the common problems of catalyst deactivation and reactor blockage in photocatalytic reactors through unique design, with the advantages of high efficiency, stability and energy saving.

[0087] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacements or changes within the technical scope disclosed by the present application according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photocatalytic hydrogen production device, characterized in that, The photocatalytic hydrogen production device includes a high-efficiency concentrating system, and a porous jet injector, a helical-jet coupled catalytic reactor, and a gas-liquid separator connected in sequence; wherein: The high-efficiency light-concentrating system includes an arc-shaped light-concentrating plate, a lifting adjustment rod disposed at the bottom of the arc-shaped light-concentrating plate, and a support structure fixedly connected to both ends of the arc-shaped light-concentrating plate; The spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor includes a spiral tube reactor and several jet nozzles disposed within the spiral tube reactor; The porous jet injector and the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor are arranged on the central axis of the arc-shaped concentrator plate, with their adjacent sides fixedly connected and their other sides fixedly connected to the support structure of the high-efficiency concentrator system. The liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to a multi-hole jet nozzle and a jet nozzle via pipelines, and a circulation pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the gas-liquid separator and the multi-hole jet nozzle.

2. The photocatalytic hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-hole jet ejector has 3 to 6 nozzles arranged in a circumferential pattern, and the nozzle diameter is 3 mm to 6 mm.

3. The photocatalytic hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral reactor has a spiral angle of 60° to 80°, a spiral diameter of 0.2m to 0.3m, and a spiral pitch of 0.15m to 0.25m. The spiral reactor is made of glass sheets, which are made of ultra-clear glass or optical glass; the thickness of the glass sheets is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

4. The photocatalytic hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the spiral tube reactor, the jet nozzles are located at the top of each spiral coil and on the left and right sides in the horizontal direction.

5. The photocatalytic hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the spiral tube reactor, the connecting pipes between the porous jet injector and the circulating pump, as well as the connecting pipes between the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor and the gas-liquid separator, are all transparent flexible tubes and are arranged along the supporting structure.

6. The photocatalytic hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the high-efficiency light-concentrating system, the arc-shaped light-concentrating plate is composed of several arc-shaped reflective light plates spliced ​​together; the tilt angle α of the arc-shaped light-concentrating plate is adjustable from 10° to 90°; the lifting adjustment rods at the bottom of the arc-shaped light-concentrating plate are arranged symmetrically on the left and right, and the arc-shaped light-concentrating plate is driven to rotate around the axis through the linkage of the two rods to realize the dynamic adjustment of left and right swing.

7. The photocatalytic hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas-liquid separator includes a tank, and from bottom to top, a stirrer, a hydrocyclone, and a honeycomb baffle are arranged inside the tank. The honeycomb baffle divides the space inside the tank into an upper hydrogen collection zone and a lower catalyst liquid collection zone. The gas-liquid separator also includes a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and a mixed phase inlet located in the catalytic liquid collection zone, as well as a hydrogen collection inlet located in the hydrogen collection zone. The mixed phase inlet is connected to the hydrocyclone.

8. The photocatalytic hydrogen production device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The distance between the bottom of the honeycomb baffle and the mixed phase inlet is 10% to 15% of the total height of the gas-liquid separator; the thickness of the honeycomb baffle is 5% to 10% of the total height of the gas-liquid separator; and the volume of the hydrogen collection area is 40% to 50% of the total volume of the gas-liquid separator.

9. A photocatalytic hydrogen production method using the photocatalytic hydrogen production apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The catalytic liquid enters the porous jet injector and jet nozzle from the gas-liquid separator; S2: The catalyst liquid generates turbulent kinetic energy through the nozzle inside the porous jet injector, initially enhancing the mass transfer and mixing of the liquid and solid phases; then the catalyst liquid is injected into the helical-jet coupled catalytic reactor, where the centrifugal force field generated by the helical tube reactor and the jet turbulence field generated by the jet nozzle further enhance the mass transfer and mixing of the liquid and solid phases, and photocatalysis is carried out under the action of solar incident light and reflected light from the high-efficiency concentrating system, thereby producing hydrogen and forming a multiphase mixture; S3: The multiphase mixture enters the gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation. The separated hydrogen is collected, and the separated catalytic liquid is sent back to the spiral-jet coupled catalytic reactor for recycling.

10. The photocatalytic hydrogen production method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S3, the jet nozzle adopts an intermittent operation mode, and adaptively adjusts the jet interval and jet intensity according to the flow rate change and the catalyst settling.

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