Intelligent response type ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcing and monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent response type ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcing and monitoring system, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and slope protection. A humidity response micro-valve covering layer is formed by compounding a microporous film and a weather-proof film, and a hydrogel micro-valve array is arranged on the inner layer of the humidity response micro-valve covering layer. The shape memory prestress anchoring unit adopts a hollow shape memory anchor rod, a spiral drainage micro-channel is arranged in a cavity, and a strain sensing element is embedded in the cavity. The energy collection and control module collects energy through electromagnetic induction of a power transmission line and slope friction or a piezoelectric device. And the membrane-penetrating self-repairing sealing interface adopts a coating containing microcapsules to perform long-term sealing on the membrane-penetrating point and the welding seam of the anchor rod. The bionic plant-growing module is of a three-dimensional printed bionic root system structure, is aligned to a micro-valve covering layer steam exhaust area and is fastened to the anchor rod. The system can remarkably inhibit rainwater infiltration in rainy seasons, release water vapor under the film in dry seasons and drive prestress adjustment through energy self-sufficiency, so that the long-term stability and durability of the side slope are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of geotechnical engineering and slope protection technology, specifically to an intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines frequently traverse mountainous and hilly areas, requiring the slopes surrounding their tower foundations to remain stable in the long-term operating environment. Existing slope reinforcement measures commonly include anchored frame beams, shotcrete, or geomembrane cladding, which emphasize structural support or surface protection but lack environmental adaptability. During the rainy season, heavy rainfall infiltrates the slope, leading to increased pore water pressure in the soil, reduced effective stress, and a decrease in the effective stress portion of the shear strength, causing slope slippage. During the dry season, the sealed cladding prevents moisture from escaping from the soil, and the wet-dry cycle easily induces crack propagation.

[0003] Traditional geomembrane or cell technology, while providing some water resistance when covering slopes with a surface layer, fails to address the problem of water accumulation beneath the membrane; moreover, it lacks the ability to proactively adjust the permeability of the protective layer after detecting changes in humidity. Existing monitoring systems rely on external power sources or batteries, making long-term operation in remote areas difficult. Furthermore, the nodes formed by anchor bolts penetrating the cover layer and the weld seams of the cover layer are weak points for leakage; once damaged, they create significant infiltration paths. Vegetated slope protection schemes often prioritize aesthetics and fail to effectively synergize with structural reinforcement systems.

[0004] Therefore, a new slope reinforcement and monitoring system is needed that can actively block water infiltration during the rainy season and discharge water vapor under the membrane during the dry season; and can sense the slope condition in real time and adjust the support prestress as needed without external power supply, while solving the sealing of membrane penetration joints and the coordination of vegetation slope protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical Objective: To address the problems of water accumulation during the rainy season, steam accumulation during the dry season, power supply difficulties, membrane leakage, and decoupling of ecological slope protection in existing technologies, this invention discloses an intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system. By setting up a humidity-responsive micro-valve covering layer, shape memory prestressed anchoring unit, energy harvesting and control module, membrane self-healing sealing interface, and biomimetic vegetation module, a slope reinforcement system that can actively adjust permeability and achieve secondary prestress adjustment in response to changes in environmental humidity is constructed.

[0006] Technical solution: To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A smart responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system includes:

[0008] The slope body that needs reinforcement;

[0009] The humidity-responsive microvalve coating is composed of an inner microporous membrane and an outer weather-resistant membrane. The inner layer is equipped with a hydrogel microvalve array that can switch from an open state to a closed state under the control of a relative humidity threshold. The humidity-responsive microvalve coating also incorporates humidity and temperature sensors.

[0010] The shape memory prestressed anchoring unit consists of several hollow anchors arranged along the slope. The anchor core is made of shape memory material, the cavity is equipped with a spiral drainage microchannel, and strain sensing elements are embedded in the outer wall of the anchor.

[0011] The energy harvesting and control module includes an energy harvesting device, an energy management unit, and a control unit, which are used to supply power to the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit and adjust the microvalve state and anchor prestress according to the set humidity threshold.

[0012] The membrane self-healing sealing interface is located at the point where the anchor penetrates the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and at the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating.

[0013] The biomimetic planting module is installed on the outside of the humidity-responsive microvalve covering layer and adopts a 3D printed biomimetic root structure. It has a steam exhaust channel inside and is aligned with the steam exhaust area of ​​the humidity-responsive microvalve covering layer. It is connected to the outer end of the anchor rod by fasteners and filled with topsoil for planting.

[0014] Preferably, the inner microporous membrane of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mm and a pore size ranging from 0.1 to 1 micrometer; the outer weather-resistant membrane has a thickness ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm and undergoes surface roughening treatment to ensure a friction coefficient of not less than 0.6; and the distribution density of the hydrogel microvalve array is 50 to 200 per 100 square centimeters.

[0015] Preferably, the shape memory anchor core is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy or shape memory polymer, the outer diameter of the anchor ranges from 28 to 36 mm, and the inner diameter ranges from 12 to 18 mm; the lead of the spiral drainage microchannel ranges from 10 to 30 mm, and the channel outlet is connected to the slope toe drainage ditch.

[0016] Preferably, the energy harvesting device includes an electromagnetic induction coil with 50 to 150 turns and an effective area of ​​0.02 to 0.1 square meters, as well as a triboelectric / piezoelectric thin film adhered to the outer surface of the biomimetic plant module; the harvested electrical energy is rectified and stepped up / down before entering the energy management unit and stored in a supercapacitor or hybrid battery with a capacity of not less than 10 farads.

[0017] Preferably, the membrane self-healing sealing interface coating is composed of microcapsules with polyurea formaldehyde as the wall material and epoxy or polyurethane resin and its curing agent as the core material. The average particle size of the microcapsules ranges from 50 to 200 micrometers, the coating thickness ranges from 1 to 3 millimeters, and the coating range includes at least 50 millimeters in width around the anchor rod penetration humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the humidity-responsive microvalve coating weld.

[0018] Preferably, the biomimetic vegetation module is made of biodegradable polymer or geopolymer material with a thickness of 10-20 cm. Its internal exhaust channels are a combination of radial and mesh structures with a diameter of 5-15 mm, and are aligned with the exhaust area of ​​the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating. The biomimetic vegetation module is fastened to the outer end of the anchor rod by bolts or clips.

[0019] A construction method for an intelligent responsive UHV transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, used to realize the intelligent responsive UHV transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system as described above, includes the following steps:

[0020] The slope surface was cleaned and leveled, and drainage ditches and intercepting channels were excavated.

[0021] Drill holes on the slope according to the design spacing, insert hollow shape memory anchor rods and grout to solidify the anchoring section, and connect strain sensing elements at the same time.

[0022] A double-layer humidity-responsive microvalve coating is laid from bottom to top, and the joints are sealed by hot welding or adhesive bonding. The humidity-responsive microvalve coating is fixed to the slope by the anchor end connectors, and humidity and temperature sensors and connecting lines are embedded during the laying process.

[0023] A self-healing sealing interface containing microcapsules is applied to the permeation layer of the humidity-responsive microvalve and the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating.

[0024] Install the biomimetic planting module and fill it with topsoil, then sow herbs or plant shrubs.

[0025] Install an energy harvesting device with an electromagnetic induction coil and a triboelectric / piezoelectric film, connect the energy management unit and the control unit, and complete the connection with the sensor and micro-valve actuator;

[0026] Based on the local climate and soil conditions, set the humidity threshold, debug the micro-valve opening and closing and shape memory anchor prestress adjustment program, and complete the closed-loop control settings.

[0027] Preferably, the humidity threshold is set according to the difference between the windward and leeward areas, with the threshold for the windward area being lower than that for the leeward area. When the relative humidity inside the humidity response microvalve coating exceeds the set humidity threshold and the duration is longer than the set time, and the energy storage voltage is not lower than the minimum voltage, the control unit closes the microvalve and applies current to the shape memory anchor to increase the prestress. When the humidity is lower than the humidity threshold, the control unit opens the microvalve to release water vapor under the membrane.

[0028] Preferably, when the humidity inside the humidity response microvalve cover is continuously higher than the humidity threshold and the anchor bolt strain growth rate exceeds the preset value, a solution containing microorganisms and nutrients is injected into the anchor bolt cavity to induce carbonate deposition and consolidate the deep part of the slope.

[0029] Preferably, the sensors and microvalve actuators of the energy harvesting and control module adopt low-power wireless communication, and the duty cycle of system sleep and sampling does not exceed 10% to ensure a balance between energy harvesting and energy consumption.

[0030] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The humidity-responsive micro-valve coating of the present invention closes to block water during the rainy season and opens to release steam during the dry season by controlling the humidity threshold, thus solving the problem of pressure buildup in traditional low-permeability coatings.

[0032] 2. The energy harvesting and control module is self-powered, enabling humidity threshold-triggered micro-valve closure and shape memory anchor secondary prestress adjustment, thus timely reinforcing the support when the soil strength decreases;

[0033] 3. The membrane self-healing sealing interface automatically repairs cracks by releasing resin from microcapsules, significantly reducing the risk of leakage;

[0034] 4. The biomimetic plant module is aligned with the micro-valve mulch exhaust channel, which not only reinforces the plant roots but also ensures the water vapor discharge path, taking into account both ecological restoration and mechanical performance. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the anchor bolt penetration point through the membrane.

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the alignment of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating zone with the exhaust channels of the biomimetic vegetation module.

[0039] Figure 4 Functional block diagram of the energy harvesting and control module;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a hollow shape memory anchor and a spiral drainage microchannel structure.

[0041] In the figure: 1. Shape memory prestressed anchoring unit; 1a. Anchor rod; 2. Humidity-responsive microvalve coating; 2a. Weather-resistant membrane; 2b. Microporous membrane; 2c. Slope body; 3. Bionic vegetation module; 4. Energy harvesting and control module; 5. Membrane self-healing sealing interface; 6. Drainage ditch; 7a. Gasket; 7b. Anchor plate; 8. Energy storage unit; 9. Humidity and temperature sensor; 10. Strain sensing element; 11. Weld; 12. Microvalve array; 13. Spiral drainage microchannel. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will now be described more clearly and completely by way of a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiment.

[0043] A smart responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system includes:

[0044] The slope body that needs reinforcement;

[0045] The humidity-responsive microvalve coating is composed of an inner microporous membrane and an outer weather-resistant membrane. The inner layer is equipped with a hydrogel microvalve array that can switch from an open state to a closed state under the control of a relative humidity threshold. The humidity-responsive microvalve coating also incorporates humidity and temperature sensors.

[0046] This invention employs a double-layered coating structure. The inner layer is a microporous membrane with a pore size ranging from 0.1 to 1 µm and a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mm; the outer layer is a weather-resistant membrane with a thickness ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm. The surface of the outer layer is roughened to have a friction coefficient ≥ 0.6, thereby increasing the interfacial friction between the coating and the slope. An array of hydrogel microvalves is arranged on the inner membrane at intervals of 20 to 40 mm. The maximum open area of ​​each microvalves is denoted as A. max Its opening degree changes with the relative humidity (RH) inside the microvalve coating in response to humidity, and its functional form can be approximated by an S-shaped function: Where A(RH) is the relative opening of the microvalve, RH is the relative humidity inside the microvalve coating, and RH is the humidity response. c Here, is the preset humidity threshold, and k is a parameter reflecting the opening and closing slope. The humidity sensor measures the RH value within the coating in real time; when RH > RH c Furthermore, when the duration exceeds t0, the microvalve absorbs water, expands, and closes, and the humidity response of the microvalve coating's equivalent permeability coefficient K eq satisfy ,in K represents the microvalve coverage rate. open K is the permeability coefficient when the microvalve is fully open. matrix The value represents the permeability coefficient of the base membrane. When the RH drops below the threshold, the micro-valve contracts and then reopens, allowing steam to escape during the dry season. This design enables the coating to both block water during the rainy season and allow steam to pass through during the dry season, overcoming the pressure buildup problem of existing coatings.

[0047] The shape memory prestressed anchoring unit consists of several hollow anchor rods arranged along the slope. The core of the anchor rod is made of shape memory material, and the cavity is equipped with a spiral drainage microchannel. Strain sensing elements are embedded in the outer wall of the anchor rod.

[0048] Hollow anchor bolts are installed along the slope. The anchor bolt core is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy or shape memory polymer, with an outer diameter ranging from 28 to 36 mm and an inner diameter ranging from 12 to 18 mm. The anchoring section extends ≥3.5 m into the bearing layer. Spiral drainage microchannels with a lead range of 10 to 30 mm are machined into the anchor bolt cavity to facilitate the drainage of infiltrated water to the slope toe ditch. Fiber optic gratings or resistance strain gauges are embedded in the outer wall of the anchor bolt to monitor the stress and deformation. When the RH within the overburden exceeds the threshold and the energy storage voltage is sufficient, the control unit heats the anchor bolt core with current, causing the shape memory material to undergo an austenitic-martensite phase transformation and generating an additional prestress increment ΔT, approximately expressed as: E SMA ε is the elastic modulus of shape memory materials. tr For recoverable deformation, A core This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the anchor core. This prestressing adjustment can compensate for the decrease in soil strength and ensure the slope safety factor.

[0049] The energy harvesting and control module includes an energy harvesting device, an energy management unit, and a control unit, which are used to supply power to the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit and adjust the microvalve state and anchor prestress according to the set humidity threshold.

[0050] To solve the power supply problem, this invention involves installing 50 to 150 turns of steel on the crossbeam of the tower, with an effective area ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 m². 2 The electromagnetic induction coil uses the electromagnetic field of the transmission line to induce voltage. Where ω is the angular frequency, N is the number of turns, A is the coil area, and B0 is the magnetic flux density; simultaneously, a triboelectric / piezoelectric thin film is attached to the outer surface of the biomimetic vegetation module to convert the kinetic energy of wind vibration or raindrops into electrical energy. The two energy sources are rectified, boosted / buckled, and then enter the energy management unit and stored in the energy storage unit, which is a supercapacitor or hybrid battery with a capacity of no less than 10F. System energy balance requirements. , where P coil P tribo The output power, P, represents the output power of the electromagnetic induction coil and the triboelectric / piezoelectric thin film, respectively. sensor Pvalve P SMA These represent the power required for adjusting the sensors, microvalve actuators, and shape memory anchors, respectively. The control unit employs an ultra-low-power microcontroller, performing remote monitoring and closed-loop control according to a set sampling duty cycle. When RH > RH c And the energy storage voltage V remains constant for t > t0. s ≥V min When the micro-valve is closed and the anchor bolt is heated, prestress adjustment is achieved; when RH <RH c At that time, the micro-valve is opened to release water vapor under the membrane.

[0051] The membrane self-healing sealing interface is located at the point where the anchor penetrates the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and at the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating.

[0052] The penetration points of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the weld seams of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating are weak points prone to leakage. This invention coats these areas with a polyurethane or acrylic coating containing microcapsules. The microcapsule wall material is polyurea-formaldehyde, and the core material is epoxy or polyurethane resin and its curing agent. The average particle size ranges from 50 to 200 µm, and the coating thickness ranges from 1 to 3 mm. When cracks occur, the microcapsules rupture, the resin flows out and comes into contact with the curing agent, solidifying and filling the cracks within 24 hours, achieving long-term self-healing sealing of the membrane penetration points and weld seams.

[0053] The biomimetic planting module is installed on the outside of the humidity-responsive microvalve covering layer and adopts a 3D printed biomimetic root structure. It has a steam exhaust channel inside and is aligned with the steam exhaust area of ​​the humidity-responsive microvalve covering layer. It is connected to the outer end of the anchor rod by fasteners and filled with topsoil for planting.

[0054] This invention utilizes a 3D-printed biomimetic root structure as a biomimetic vegetation module, with a thickness of 10–20 cm, made of biodegradable polymers or geopolymers. The module's interior features a combination of radial and mesh-like exhaust channels with a pore size of 5–15 mm, aligned with the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating's exhaust zones. These exhaust channels serve as both root channels for vegetation and water vapor removal pathways. The module is secured to the anchor rod ends with bolts or clips. The exterior is filled with topsoil and slow-release fertilizer, and herbaceous seeds are sown or shrubs are planted, creating a reinforced system between the root system and the anchor rod while simultaneously providing a clear path for exhaust.

[0055] A construction method for an intelligent responsive UHV transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, used to realize the intelligent responsive UHV transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system as described above, includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Clean and level the slope surface, and excavate drainage ditches and intercepting trenches;

[0057] S2. Drill holes on the slope according to the design spacing, insert hollow shape memory anchor rods and grout to solidify the anchoring section, and connect strain sensing elements at the same time.

[0058] S3. Lay a double-layer humidity-responsive microvalve coating from bottom to top, seal the joints using hot welding or adhesive bonding, fix the humidity-responsive microvalve coating to the slope using anchor end connectors, and embed humidity and temperature sensors and connecting lines during the laying process.

[0059] S4. Apply a self-healing sealing interface containing microcapsules to the permeation layer of the humidity-responsive microvalve and the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating.

[0060] S5. Install the biomimetic vegetation module and fill it with topsoil, then sow herbaceous plants or plant shrubs.

[0061] S6. Install the energy harvesting device with electromagnetic induction coil and triboelectric / piezoelectric film, connect the energy management unit and control unit, and complete the connection with the sensor and actuator;

[0062] S7. Set the humidity threshold according to the local climate and soil conditions, debug the micro-valve opening and closing and shape memory anchor prestress adjustment program, and complete the closed-loop control setting.

[0063] The system uses zoned threshold control, with RH in the windward zone. c Below the leeward zone. The controller wakes up the sampling humidity RH, energy storage voltage Vs, and anchor strain ε according to a preset duty cycle. When RH > RH c For a continuous period t > t0 and Vs ≥ V min When RH < RH, the valve is closed and prestress is applied; c At that time, the actuator valve opens to release steam. If the strain rate increase is detected to exceed the warning value, a solution containing microorganisms and nutrient solution is injected into the anchor bolt cavity to consolidate the deep soil using microbial induced carbonate deposition (MICP) technology, wherein the injected solution volume V sol With the target carbonate deposition amount C calcite Soil pore volume V pore The relationship between the deposition efficiency η and the deposition efficiency η is as follows: Injection rate ,in For the volume of the injected solution, The injection duration for stage i. Regularly inspect the cladding welds and self-healing coating, and reapply self-healing material as needed.

[0064] Example

[0065] The slope reinforcement and monitoring system of this invention comprises, in sequence, a shape memory prestressed anchoring unit 1 located inside the slope, a humidity-responsive microvalve coating 2 laid on the slope surface, a biomimetic vegetation module 3 installed on the outside of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating, and an energy harvesting and control module 4 arranged at appropriate locations on the tower or slope surface; a self-healing sealing interface 5 is coated at the points where the anchor penetrates the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and at the joints of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating; and a drainage ditch 6 is provided at the toe of the slope. The modules are connected as a whole by connectors or electrical / signal lines.

[0066] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of an intelligent responsive UHV transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system. This diagram provides an overall view of the system's structure and operational path from the surface to the base of the slope. A humidity-responsive micro-valve overlay layer 2 is applied to the slope surface, as shown in the image. Figure 2 As shown, the humidity-responsive microvalve coating 2 consists of three layers: an outer weather-resistant membrane 2a (represented by a thick solid line), an inner microporous membrane 2b (represented by a dashed thin line indicating controllable vapor permeability), and a slope body 2c (represented by a thick backing line); as shown... Figure 3 As shown, a microvalve array 12 is distributed on the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding, controlling surface water vapor exchange through opening and closing. Several biomimetic vegetation modules 3 (light-colored rectangles) are set on the outside of the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding, undertaking the functions of topsoil stabilization, vapor drainage, and ecological restoration. Inclined shape memory prestressed anchoring units 1 penetrate the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding and anchor into the slope body. The hollow shape memory anchor rods and the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding pass through a membrane self-healing sealing interface 5 to form a ring seal to prevent leakage and fatigue cracking. The outlet of the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit 1 is led to the slope toe drainage ditch 6 for centralized water discharge. An energy harvesting and control module 4 is set near the tower or slope surface, integrating energy harvesting, energy storage, low-power control, and execution.

[0067] In this embodiment, a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane with a pore size of 0.2µm and a thickness of 0.3mm is used as the inner layer, and a polyolefin elastomer membrane with a thickness of 0.6mm and a sandblasted surface is used as the outer layer. The microvalve array density is [value missing] per 100cm². 2 100 units, each with a maximum orifice diameter of 1.8 mm. Humidity threshold RH. c Set to 0.8, microvalve opening curve The microvalve closes when RH ≥ 0.8 and remains so for more than 30 minutes. The liquid permeability coefficient K of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating in the open state was experimentally measured. open = 1.0×10 -6 m / s, base membrane permeability coefficient K matrix = 5.0 × 10 -8 m / s, valve coverage φ=0.3. Equivalent permeability coefficient in closed state. The water level dropped by about 20 times compared to the open state, proving that the design can effectively block water during the rainy season.

[0068] The structure of the central control shape memory anchor rod of the shape memory prestressed anchor unit is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the outer contour of anchor rod 1a is represented by two thick lines, and a hollow cavity is visible inside. Spiral drainage microchannels 13 (schematic array of short oblique lines) are arranged axially within the cavity wall to directionally transport pore water to the slope toe drainage ditch 6. Strain sensing elements 10 are attached to the surface of anchor rod 1a to monitor stress and surrounding rock deformation. In this embodiment, the anchor rod has an outer diameter of 32mm and an inner diameter of 16mm, with a core of nickel-titanium alloy wire bundle. The spiral drainage microchannels have a lead of 20mm, an aperture of 1.5mm, and an outlet connected to the drainage ditch. The strain sensing unit 10 uses a resistance strain gauge, which is attached to the outer wall of the anchor rod and encapsulated with a polyurethane coating. A fiber optic grating is connected to the controller via a pre-embedded plastic tube. When prestress needs to be applied, the control unit outputs a 2A current for 2 seconds, raising the core temperature by 20°C. This can achieve a prestress increment of approximately 80 kN, thereby improving soil stability.

[0069] The electromagnetic induction coil of the energy harvesting and control module has 80 turns and an area of ​​0.05m². 2 When the transmission line current frequency is 50Hz and the magnetic induction intensity is approximately 50µT, the induced voltage V≈ω·N·A·B0≈2π×50×80×0.05×5×10 -5 The voltage is approximately 1.26V, which is then rectified and boosted to 10V to charge the energy storage capacitor in energy storage unit 8. The triboelectric / piezoelectric film is a polyvinylidene fluoride-polyaniline composite film with an area of ​​0.6m². 2 The average output power under wind vibration is 0.15W. The control unit uses a low-power microcontroller with a sampling duty cycle of 10%, a sensing power of approximately 0.02W, a microvalve drive power of approximately 0.01W, and the shape memory anchor rod consumes approximately 8 joules of energy per heating cycle. The closed-loop regulation cycle is 6 hours, and the total energy balance meets P. coil + P tribo ≥ P sensor +P valve + P SMA .

[0070] like Figure 4 The diagram shows the functional block diagram of the energy harvesting and control module. This diagram uses a functional block diagram to represent the dual links of autonomous power supply and intelligent control. Energy Chain: The electromagnetic induction coil extracts energy from the electromagnetic environment; the triboelectric / piezoelectric film converts mechanical excitations such as wind-induced, raindrop, and micro-vibrations into electrical energy; the two energy sources are rectified / boosted and conditioned by the energy management unit before being fed into the energy storage unit (supercapacitor / hybrid battery). Information Chain: Sensors integrate humidity and temperature sensors 9 and strain sensing elements 10, sending measurements to the control unit; the control unit performs low duty cycle sampling, adaptive frequency and threshold determination based on energy margin and risk level, and drives the actuators to perform opening / closing / rebound actions.

[0071] Construction of the membrane self-healing sealing interface as follows Figure 2 As shown, a sealing gasket 7a is inserted at the opening where the anchor penetrates the humidity-responsive microvalve coating, and then the humidity-responsive microvalve coating is pressed tightly by the anchor plate 7b to ensure a tight fit between the inner and outer layers. Subsequently, a self-healing coating containing microcapsules is sprayed within a 50mm radius of the penetration area and at the weld 11 of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating, with a coating thickness of 2mm. The microcapsules in the self-healing coating have a size of 100µm, with polyurea-formaldehyde as the wall material and epoxy resin and curing agent as the core material. Experiments show that when the crack width is 0.3mm and the length is 15mm, the leakage rate decreases by 95% within 24 hours, ensuring long-term sealing of the membrane penetration node.

[0072] The biomimetic vegetation module is a 3D-printed PLA module, 15cm thick, with an internal design combining radial and mesh channels (10mm in diameter). The ventilation channels correspond to the ventilation zones of the micro-valve cladding. The module is fixed to the ends of anchor bolts and filled with a mixture of 50% loam, 30% sand, and 20% humus. 2% water-retaining agent and slow-release fertilizer are added per cubic meter of the mixture. Bermuda grass, Kentucky bluegrass, and azalea shrubs are sown. After construction, the roots extend into the substrate along the channels, forming a continuous system of reinforcement and ventilation channels with the anchor bolts and cladding. This structure provides both ecological vegetation and enhances the surface soil's resistance to erosion.

[0073] like Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the alignment of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating zones with the exhaust channels of the biomimetic vegetation module. The diagram shows the spatial alignment of the microvalve array 12 and the internal channels of the biomimetic vegetation module 3 from a top-down / planar perspective. The humidity-responsive microvalve coating is divided into a grid by several vertical dashed lines forming the zone boundaries; within each zone, the open / closed state of the microvalve array 12 is indicated by symbols: "dot = open valve, diagonal line = closed valve". Below the humidity-responsive microvalve coating is the biomimetic vegetation module (light green strip), which contains radial main channels and transverse mesh-like secondary channels.

[0074] During the cladding application process, it is recommended to secure the cladding with anchor bolts every 2 meters to ensure it adheres tightly to the slope without any loose areas. The humidity-responsive micro-valve cladding welds should be hot-wedge welded with a 30mm weld band width, and the peel strength after welding should be no less than 0.8 N / mm. After the self-healing coating is applied, allow the surface to dry completely before installing the biomimetic vegetation modules. The biomimetic vegetation modules and the cladding should be kept flat and in close contact to avoid any gaps or water accumulation. After construction, provide appropriate maintenance for the plants until they establish themselves, keeping the substrate moist during this period.

[0075] After the system is put into operation, the control unit periodically wakes up the sampling system according to the set duty cycle to monitor humidity, temperature, anchor strain, and energy storage voltage within the overburden layer. When the humidity (RH) within the overburden layer continuously exceeds the threshold RH... cAnd the duration is greater than t0, and the energy storage voltage Vs ≥ V min At that time, the control unit closes the microvalve and applies a current pulse (e.g., 2A, 2s) to the shape memory anchor under permissible energy conditions, thereby increasing its prestress. This improves the slope's anti-slip safety factor. When the RH drops below the threshold, the control unit opens the valve to release steam to prevent water trapping under the membrane. If the anchor bolt strain rate exceeds the preset value or an abnormality is detected, the system immediately alarms and injects a solution containing microorganisms and nutrients into the anchor bolt cavity for MICP consolidation. V pore C represents the pore volume of the soil surrounding the sliding surface. calcite The amount of carbonate to be deposited is η, where η is the deposition efficiency and the injection rate is Q = V. sol / t i .

[0076] The modules of this invention are functionally interdependent: the humidity-responsive microvalve cladding achieves water blocking during the rainy season and vapor release during the dry season through threshold control; the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit applies secondary prestress through monitoring under energy self-sufficiency; the energy harvesting and control module provides power and coordinates the operation of each module; the membrane-penetrating self-healing sealing interface ensures long-term sealing of the membrane-penetrating nodes; and the biomimetic vegetation module and microvalve cladding form a vapor release path and provide ecological reinforcement. Through the synergistic effect of these modules, the slope reinforcement and monitoring system constructed by this invention can effectively improve slope stability.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The slope body that needs reinforcement; The humidity-responsive microvalve coating is composed of an inner microporous membrane and an outer weather-resistant membrane. The inner layer is equipped with a hydrogel microvalve array that can switch from an open state to a closed state under the control of a relative humidity threshold. The humidity-responsive microvalve coating also incorporates humidity and temperature sensors. The shape memory prestressed anchoring unit consists of several hollow anchors arranged along the slope. The anchor core is made of shape memory material, the cavity is equipped with a spiral drainage microchannel, and strain sensing elements are embedded in the outer wall of the anchor. The energy harvesting and control module includes an energy harvesting device, an energy management unit, and a control unit, which are used to supply power to the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the shape memory prestressed anchoring unit and adjust the microvalve state and anchor prestress according to the set humidity threshold. The membrane self-healing sealing interface is located at the point where the anchor penetrates the humidity-responsive microvalve coating and at the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating. The biomimetic planting module is installed on the outside of the humidity-responsive microvalve covering layer and adopts a 3D printed biomimetic root structure. It has a steam exhaust channel inside and is aligned with the steam exhaust area of ​​the humidity-responsive microvalve covering layer. It is connected to the outer end of the anchor rod by fasteners and filled with topsoil for planting.

2. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner microporous membrane of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mm and a pore size ranging from 0.1 to 1 micrometer; the outer weather-resistant membrane has a thickness ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm and is surface roughened to ensure a friction coefficient of not less than 0.6; the distribution density of the hydrogel microvalve array is 50 to 200 per 100 square centimeters.

3. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape memory anchor core is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy or shape memory polymer. The outer diameter of the anchor ranges from 28 to 36 mm, and the inner diameter ranges from 12 to 18 mm. The lead of the spiral drainage microchannel ranges from 10 to 30 mm, and the channel outlet is connected to the slope toe drainage ditch.

4. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy harvesting device includes an electromagnetic induction coil with 50 to 150 turns and an effective area of ​​0.02 to 0.1 square meters, as well as a triboelectric / piezoelectric thin film adhered to the outer surface of the biomimetic plant module. The harvested electrical energy is rectified and stepped up / down before entering the energy management unit and stored in a supercapacitor or hybrid battery with a capacity of not less than 10 farads.

5. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane-penetrating self-healing sealing interface coating is composed of microcapsules with polyurea formaldehyde as the wall material and epoxy or polyurethane resin and its curing agent as the core material. The average particle size of the microcapsules ranges from 50 to 200 micrometers, the coating thickness ranges from 1 to 3 millimeters, and the coating range includes at least 50 millimeters in width around the anchor rod penetration humidity-responsive microvalve coating and the humidity-responsive microvalve coating weld.

6. The intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomimetic vegetation module is made of biodegradable polymer or geopolymer material with a thickness of 10-20 cm. Its internal exhaust channels are a combination of radial and mesh structures with a diameter of 5-15 mm, and are aligned with the humidity-responsive micro-valve coating exhaust area. The biomimetic vegetation module is fastened to the outer end of the anchor rod by bolts or clips.

7. A construction method for an intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system, characterized in that, To implement the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1-6, the system includes the following steps: The slope surface was cleaned and leveled, and drainage ditches and intercepting channels were excavated. Drill holes on the slope according to the design spacing, insert hollow shape memory anchor rods and grout to solidify the anchoring section, and connect strain sensing elements at the same time. A double-layer humidity-responsive microvalve coating is laid from bottom to top, and the joints are sealed by hot welding or adhesive bonding. The humidity-responsive microvalve coating is fixed to the slope by the anchor end connectors, and humidity and temperature sensors and connecting lines are embedded during the laying process. A self-healing sealing interface containing microcapsules is applied to the permeation layer of the humidity-responsive microvalve and the joint of the humidity-responsive microvalve coating. Install the biomimetic planting module and fill it with topsoil, then sow herbs or plant shrubs. Install an energy harvesting device with an electromagnetic induction coil and a triboelectric / piezoelectric film, connect the energy management unit and the control unit, and complete the connection with the sensor and micro-valve actuator; Based on the local climate and soil conditions, set the humidity threshold, debug the micro-valve opening and closing and shape memory anchor prestress adjustment program, and complete the closed-loop control settings.

8. The construction method of the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The humidity threshold is set separately for the windward and leeward areas, with the threshold for the windward area being lower than that for the leeward area. When the relative humidity inside the humidity response microvalve coating exceeds the set humidity threshold and the duration is longer than the set time, and the energy storage voltage is not lower than the minimum voltage, the control unit closes the microvalve and applies current to the shape memory anchor to increase the prestress. When the humidity is lower than the humidity threshold, the control unit opens the microvalve to release water vapor under the membrane.

9. The construction method of the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the humidity inside the humidity response microvalve cover is continuously higher than the humidity threshold and the anchor bolt strain growth rate exceeds the preset value, a solution containing microorganisms and nutrients is injected into the anchor bolt cavity to induce carbonate deposition and consolidate the deep part of the slope.

10. The construction method of the intelligent responsive ultra-high voltage transmission line slope reinforcement and monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sensors and microvalve actuators of the energy harvesting and control module use low-power wireless communication, and the duty cycle of the system during sleep and sampling does not exceed 10% to ensure a balance between energy harvesting and energy consumption.

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