Energy storage battery thermal runaway experimental device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of energy storage battery thermal runaway experimental device and method, it is related to battery thermal runaway experimental technical field.The detection body is provided with control panel on the detection body, explosion door is installed on the detection body by hinge, the inside of the detection body, the movable mounting of the inside of the detection body is placed frame, sliding groove is opened in the left and right sides of the inner wall of the detection body, shock-absorbing buffer mechanism is provided on the inside of the detection body, the first electric push rod is installed on the inner wall of the detection body, and the top end of the first electric push rod is fixedly installed with extrusion plate.The stability of the placing frame and the battery for impact detection is improved by the designed shock-absorbing buffer mechanism, the offset caused by impact on the battery is reduced, and the impact adjusting mechanism is provided to keep the second electric push rod in relative position with the placing frame, so that the impact stroke is always kept in a fixed position, and the control variable is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal runaway experimental technology, specifically to an experimental apparatus and method for thermal runaway of energy storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, energy storage batteries, as core components for energy storage and dispatch, have been widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage power stations, portable electronic devices, and other fields. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have become the mainstream technology in the current energy storage field due to their advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, and high charge and discharge efficiency. However, energy storage batteries are prone to thermal runaway under long-term use, abuse (such as compression, impact, overcharging and over-discharging), or extreme environmental conditions (such as high temperature and low temperature). This uncontrolled chemical reaction inside the battery leads to a rapid accumulation of heat, which can then cause smoke, fire, or even explosion. This not only damages equipment but may also endanger personal safety, seriously restricting the large-scale and safe development of the energy storage battery industry. Thermal runaway experiments, as a core means of exploring battery safety characteristics, simulate the state changes of batteries under different failure scenarios, providing key data support for revealing the thermal runaway triggering mechanism, optimizing battery structure design, and developing efficient protective materials. Therefore, developing a fully functional, accurate, and reliable thermal runaway experimental device for energy storage batteries has become an important foundation for ensuring the healthy development of the energy storage battery industry.

[0003] Existing thermal runaway test devices for energy storage batteries have basic testing functions, such as simulating external force compression of batteries through a compression mechanism and simulating high-temperature environments through heating components. However, in actual use, as the battery position is adjusted, it is inconvenient for the battery compression device to be adjusted synchronously with the battery position. This may lead to problems with the impact distance. If the distance is too close, the battery may shake. If it is too far, the impact force may be insufficient, which will affect the measurement accuracy of subsequent data. At the same time, the existing compression mechanism is not convenient to adjust the buffer strength according to different impact forces, which may result in battery displacement or distortion of test data.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, innovative designs are urgently needed based on existing approaches. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental apparatus and method for thermal runaway of energy storage batteries to solve the problems mentioned in the background. The technical solution of this invention addresses the problem that the existing technical solutions are too simplistic and provides a solution that is significantly different from the existing technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an experimental device for thermal runaway of energy storage batteries, comprising a detection body, a control panel on the detection body, an explosion-proof door mounted on the detection body via hinges, a placement rack movably mounted inside the detection body, sliding grooves on the left and right sides of the inner wall of the detection body, a shock-absorbing buffer mechanism on the upper part of the inner wall of the detection body, a first electric push rod mounted on the upper end of the inner wall of the detection body, a pressing plate fixedly mounted on the protruding end of the first electric push rod, a mounting base fixedly mounted on the internal cavity of the detection body, a second electric push rod connected to the mounting base, and a support rod connected to the mounting base.

[0007] An impact adjustment mechanism is provided, which is mounted on a mounting base and is used to adjust the impact angle of the second electric push rod on the energy storage battery.

[0008] Preferably, the shock absorption and buffer mechanism includes an electromagnet, which is disposed in a sliding groove and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the detection body. Metal sliders are fixedly installed at the left and right ends of the placement frame.

[0009] Preferably, the shock absorption and buffer mechanism further includes an oil cylinder, on which a piston rod is movably mounted. The upper end of the piston rod is connected to a metal slider, and a limit spring is mounted around the outside of the piston rod. The oil cylinder is symmetrical about the vertical center of the detection body.

[0010] Preferably, the shock absorption and buffer mechanism further includes an oil cylinder two, which is fixedly installed on the upper side of the inside of the testing machine body. A movable plate is movably installed inside the oil cylinder two, and the movable plate is fixedly connected to the first electric push rod.

[0011] Preferably, a shock-absorbing plate is slidably installed inside the second oil cylinder, and the shock-absorbing plate is connected to the movable plate through a shock-absorbing spring. The second oil cylinder is interconnected with the first oil cylinder through a fluid delivery hose.

[0012] Preferably, the impact adjustment mechanism includes a rotating disk, which is rotatably mounted on a mounting base. The rotating disk has arc-shaped track grooves formed at equal angles. A movable block is slidably mounted on the upper limit of the mounting base, and the movable block is movably mounted in the track groove.

[0013] Preferably, a connecting plate is fixedly installed on the movable block, and the movable block is connected to the second electric push rod through the connecting plate. A movable block is fixedly installed at the lower end of the second electric push rod, and the movable block is trapezoidal when viewed from the front.

[0014] Preferably, the surface of the mounting base is provided with a movable groove at equal angles, the movable groove is inclined, and the movable groove corresponds to the inclined surface of the movable block.

[0015] Preferably, the impact adjustment mechanism further includes a limiting rod, which is fixedly installed on the mounting base. A support rod is elastically and slidably installed on the upper end of the limiting rod. A spiral groove is formed on the surface of the support rod, and the spiral groove corresponds to the position of the protrusion fixedly installed on the rotating disk.

[0016] Preferably, the experimental method for thermal runaway of energy storage batteries includes the following steps:

[0017] S1: Operate the control panel to initialize the shock absorption and buffer mechanism inside the detection machine, so that the electromagnet in the sliding groove is de-energized and the energy storage battery is placed on the rack.

[0018] S2: The initial positioning of the energy storage battery and the placement rack is achieved by using an electromagnet and a metal slider. Combined with the design of the hydraulic cylinder one, piston rod, limit spring, hydraulic cylinder two and infusion hose, a mechanical and hydraulic linkage buffer is formed.

[0019] S3: The rotating disk is driven to rotate by the cooperation of the spiral groove and the protrusion on the support rod. The rotating disk pushes the movable block and the connecting plate through the arc-shaped track groove, so that it drives the second electric push rod to adjust the impact position, so that the second electric push rod can maintain the relative position with the placement frame.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention uses an electromagnet and a metal slider to initially position the energy storage battery on the placement rack. Then, the first electric push rod fixes and limits the energy storage battery. When the energy storage battery is impacted, the first oil cylinder on both sides can effectively provide cushioning and reduce the impact on the placement plate. At the same time, the oil cylinder first, which is squeezed by the placement plate, transfers the oil inside to the second oil cylinder through the infusion hose, thereby changing the compression force of the shock-absorbing spring between the shock-absorbing plate and the movable plate. This allows the second oil cylinder to adjust its elastic potential energy according to the weight of different energy storage batteries, thereby improving the overall experimental accuracy.

[0022] 2. This invention, by setting a movable support rod at the lower end of the placement frame, allows the support rod to drive the placement frame to adjust its position according to the energy storage batteries of different masses. As the support rod moves downward, the spiral groove and the protrusion work together to drive the rotating disk to rotate. Then, the position of the second electric push rod is adjusted through the connecting plate and the movable block. At the same time, the second electric push rod continuously lowers its position as the movable block moves in the moving groove, so that the second electric push rod always maintains a relative distance from the placement frame, keeping the impact stroke distance constant. This improves the applicability of the experimental device, reduces manual operation procedures, and greatly improves the convenience of the experiment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the testing device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding groove structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the oil cylinder of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection body and the oil cylinder of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second oil cylinder of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the mounting base of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the support rod and the limiting rod of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Detector body; 2. Control panel; 3. Explosion-proof door; 4. Placement rack; 5. Sliding groove; 6. First electric push rod; 7. Extrusion plate; 8. Mounting base; 9. Second electric push rod; 10. Support rod; 1001. Spiral groove; 11. Electromagnet; 12. Metal slider; 13. Oil cylinder one; 14. Piston rod; 15. Limit spring; 16. Oil cylinder two; 17. Movable plate; 18. Shock-absorbing plate; 19. Shock-absorbing spring; 20. Rotary disk; 21. Track groove; 22. Movable block; 23. Connecting plate; 24. Moving block; 25. Moving groove; 26. Limit rod; 27. Protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please see Figures 1-8 This invention provides a technical solution: an experimental device for thermal runaway of energy storage batteries, comprising a detection body 1, a control panel 2 on the detection body 1, an explosion-proof door 3 mounted on the detection body 1 via hinges, a placement rack 4 movably mounted inside the detection body 1, sliding grooves 5 on the left and right sides of the inner wall of the detection body 1, a shock-absorbing buffer mechanism on the upper part of the inner wall of the detection body 1, a first electric push rod 6 mounted on the upper end of the inner wall of the detection body 1, a pressing plate 7 fixedly mounted on the top end of the first electric push rod 6, a mounting base 8 fixedly mounted on the internal cavity of the detection body 1, a second electric push rod 9 connected to the mounting base 8, and a support rod 10 connected to the mounting base 8.

[0034] The impact adjustment mechanism is mounted on the mounting base 8 and is used to adjust the impact angle of the second electric push rod 9 on the energy storage battery.

[0035] As one embodiment of the present invention, the shock absorption and buffer mechanism includes an electromagnet 11, which is disposed in the sliding groove 5 and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the detection machine body 1. Metal sliders 12 are fixedly installed at the left and right ends of the placement frame 4.

[0036] As one embodiment of the present invention, the shock absorption and buffer mechanism further includes an oil cylinder 13, on which a piston rod 14 is movably mounted. The upper end of the piston rod 14 is connected to the metal slider 12. A limit spring 15 is installed around the outer side of the piston rod 14. The oil cylinder 13 is symmetrical about the vertical center of the detection body 1.

[0037] As one embodiment of the present invention, the shock absorption and buffer mechanism further includes an oil cylinder 16, which is fixedly installed on the upper side inside the detection body 1. An movable plate 17 is movably installed inside the oil cylinder 16, and the movable plate 17 is fixedly connected to the first electric push rod 6.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, a damping plate 18 is slidably arranged inside the second oil cylinder 16. The damping plate 18 is connected to the movable plate 17 through a damping spring 19. The second oil cylinder 16 is interconnected with the first oil cylinder 13 through a liquid delivery hose.

[0039] Electromagnet 11 and metal slider 12 are used to achieve initial positioning of energy storage battery and placement rack 4. Combined with the design of oil cylinder 13, piston rod 14, limit spring 15, oil cylinder 2 16 including movable plate 17, shock absorber 18, shock absorber spring 19 and infusion hose, mechanical and hydraulic linkage buffer is formed, which can simultaneously buffer the impact of force on placement rack 4 and squeezing plate 7, and improve experimental safety and stability.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, the impact adjustment mechanism includes a rotating disk 20, which is rotatably mounted on a mounting base 8. An arc-shaped track groove 21 is formed on the rotating disk 20 at equal angles. A movable block 22 is slidably mounted on the upper limit of the mounting base 8, and the movable block 22 is movably mounted in the track groove 21.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, a connecting plate 23 is fixedly installed on the movable block 22, and the movable block 22 is connected to the second electric push rod 9 through the connecting plate 23. A movable block 24 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the second electric push rod 9, and the movable block 24 is trapezoidal when viewed from the front.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the mounting base 8 is provided with a movable groove 25 at equal angles. The movable groove 25 is inclined and corresponds to the inclined surface of the movable block 24.

[0043] As one embodiment of the present invention, the impact adjustment mechanism further includes a limiting rod 26, which is fixedly installed on the mounting base 8. A support rod 10 is elastically and slidably installed on the upper end of the limiting rod 26. A spiral groove 1001 is opened on the surface of the support rod 10, and the spiral groove 1001 corresponds to the position of the protrusion 27 fixedly installed on the rotating disk 20.

[0044] The control support rod 10 slides elastically along the limit rod 26. The spiral groove 1001 on the surface of the support rod 10 engages with the protrusion 27 on the rotating disk 20, causing the rotating disk 20 to rotate on the mounting base 8. When the rotating disk 20 rotates, the arc-shaped track groove 21 with equal angles on it causes the movable block 22 to slide at the upper limit on the mounting base 8. The movable block 22 drives the second electric push rod 9 to move synchronously through the connecting plate 23. At the same time, the moving block 24 at the lower end of the second electric push rod 9 slides along the inclined moving groove 25 on the surface of the mounting base 8. Through the cooperation between the inclined surface of the moving block 24 and the moving groove 25, the impact position of the second electric push rod 9 can be precisely adjusted.

[0045] As one embodiment of the present invention, the experimental method for thermal runaway of an energy storage battery includes the following steps:

[0046] S1: Operate the control panel 2 to control the initialization of the shock absorption and buffer mechanism inside the detection body 1, so that the electromagnet 11 in the sliding groove 5 is de-energized, and place the energy storage battery on the placement rack 4.

[0047] S2: Electromagnet 11 and metal slider 12 are used to achieve the initial positioning of energy storage battery and placement rack 4. Combined with the design of oil cylinder 13, piston rod 14, limit spring 15, oil cylinder 2 16 and infusion hose, a mechanical and hydraulic linkage buffer is formed.

[0048] S3: The rotating disk 20 is driven to rotate by the cooperation of the spiral groove 1001 on the support rod 10 and the protrusion 27. The rotating disk 20 pushes the movable block 22 and the connecting plate 23 through the arc-shaped track groove 21, so that it drives the second electric push rod 9 to adjust the impact position, so that the second electric push rod 9 can maintain the relative position with the placement frame 4.

[0049] Working principle: Before the experiment, the battery is placed in the center of the placement rack 4 inside the testing body 1. The placement rack 4 moves down under the weight of the energy storage battery. At the same time, the placement rack 4 moves down along the sliding groove 5 through the metal sliders 12 on both sides, and squeezes the oil cylinder 13 inside the sliding groove 5. The oil cylinder 13 then transmits oil in different amounts according to the moving distance of the piston rod 14 through the infusion hose. At the same time, as the oil enters the oil cylinder 2, the shock absorber 18 compresses the shock absorber spring 19, which increases the elasticity between the shock absorber 18 and the movable plate 17, thereby increasing the overall impact resistance and effectively offsetting the impact of the bottom impact on the squeezing plate 7.

[0050] Furthermore, as the placement rack 4 moves downward, the support rod 10 moves downward along the limiting rod 26. At the same time, the spiral groove 1001 on the support rod 10, through its cooperation with the protrusion 27, drives the rotating disk 20 to rotate. The rotating disk 20, through the arc-shaped track groove 21 on its surface, drives the movable block 22 and the connecting plate 23 to move in all directions. Meanwhile, the connecting plate 23 drives the second electric push rod 9 to move synchronously, so that the second electric push rod 9 can adjust the impact position, thereby enabling the second electric push rod 9 to maintain a relative position with the placement rack 4 and always maintain a suitable impact stroke.

[0051] Finally, the electromagnet 11 in the sliding groove 5 is energized through the control panel 2, and the metal sliders 12 on both sides of the placement rack 4 are attracted by electromagnetic force to fix the position of the placement rack 4. At the same time, the first electric push rod 6 drives the extrusion plate 7 to press down to fix and limit the energy storage battery, preventing displacement in the early stage of the experiment.

[0052] Contents not described in detail in this specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," and "tail" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the accompanying drawings, and are used only for ease of description and simplification, not to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for thermal runaway of an energy storage battery, comprising a detection body (1), wherein a control panel (2) is provided on the detection body (1), characterized in that: An explosion-proof door (3) is installed on the detection body (1) via a hinge. Inside the detection body (1), a placement rack (4) is movably installed. Sliding grooves (5) are opened on the left and right sides of the inner wall of the detection body (1). A shock-absorbing buffer mechanism is set on the upper part of the inner wall of the detection body (1). A first electric push rod (6) is installed on the upper end of the inner wall of the detection body (1). A pressing plate (7) is fixedly installed on the top end of the first electric push rod (6). An installation base (8) is fixedly installed on the internal cavity of the detection body (1). A second electric push rod (9) is connected to the installation base (8). A support rod (10) is connected to the installation base (8). Impact adjustment mechanism, which is mounted on the mounting base (8), is used to adjust the impact angle of the second electric push rod (9) on the energy storage battery; The impact adjustment mechanism includes a rotating disk (20), which is rotatably mounted on a mounting base (8). The rotating disk (20) has an arc-shaped track groove (21) at equal angles. The mounting base (8) has a movable block (22) slidably mounted on its upper limit. The movable block (22) is movably mounted in the track groove (21). A connecting plate (23) is fixedly mounted on the movable block (22). The movable block (22) is connected to a second electric push rod (9) through the connecting plate (23). A moving block (24) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the second electric push rod (9). The moving block (24) is trapezoidal when viewed from the front. The surface of the mounting base (8) has a moving groove (25) at equal angles. The moving groove (25) is inclined and corresponds to the inclined surface of the moving block (24). The impact adjustment mechanism also includes a limiting rod (26), which is fixedly installed on the mounting base (8). A support rod (10) is elastically and slidably installed on the upper end of the limiting rod (26). A spiral groove (1001) is opened on the surface of the support rod (10), and the spiral groove (1001) corresponds to the position of the protrusion (27) fixedly installed on the rotating disk (20).

2. The experimental apparatus for thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shock absorption and buffer mechanism includes an electromagnet (11), which is set in the sliding groove (5) and is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the detection body (1). Metal sliders (12) are fixedly installed at the left and right ends of the placement frame (4).

3. The experimental apparatus for thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shock absorption mechanism also includes an oil cylinder (13), on which a piston rod (14) is movably mounted. The upper end of the piston rod (14) is connected to a metal slider (12). A limit spring (15) is installed around the outside of the piston rod (14). The oil cylinder (13) is symmetrical about the vertical center of the detection body (1).

4. The experimental apparatus for thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shock absorption and buffer mechanism also includes an oil cylinder two (16), which is fixedly installed on the upper side inside the detection body (1). A movable plate (17) is movably installed inside the oil cylinder two (16), and the movable plate (17) is fixedly connected to the first electric push rod (6).

5. The experimental apparatus for thermal runaway of an energy storage battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The oil cylinder two (16) is equipped with a shock-absorbing plate (18) that slides inside. The shock-absorbing plate (18) is connected to the movable plate (17) through a shock-absorbing spring (19). The oil cylinder two (16) is connected to the oil cylinder one (13) through a liquid delivery hose.

6. An experimental method for thermal runaway of an energy storage battery, applicable to the thermal runaway experimental apparatus for an energy storage battery as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1: Operate the control panel (2) to control the initialization of the shock absorption and buffer mechanism inside the detection body (1), so that the electromagnet (11) in the sliding groove (5) is de-energized, and place the energy storage battery on the placement rack (4); S2: The energy storage battery and the placement rack (4) are initially positioned by using an electromagnet (11) and a metal slider (12). Combined with the design of oil cylinder one (13), piston rod (14), limit spring (15), oil cylinder two (16) and infusion hose, a mechanical and hydraulic linkage buffer is formed. S3: The rotating disk (20) is driven to rotate by the cooperation of the spiral groove (1001) and the protrusion (27) on the support rod (10). The rotating disk (20) then pushes the movable block (22) and the connecting plate (23) through the arc-shaped track groove (21), so that it drives the second electric push rod (9) to adjust the impact position, so that the second electric push rod (9) can maintain the relative position with the placement frame (4).

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