Numerically controlled vertical lathe with detachable chucking mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a numerical control vertical lathe with detachable clamping mechanism and relates to the technical field of machining. The numerical control vertical lathe comprises a turning frame, electric guide rails one and two for controlling the movement of the turning frame, a machining table for supporting workpieces, a lathe turntable rotatably connected to the top of the machining table, a motor for driving the lathe turntable after speed reduction through a speed reducer, a workpiece chuck jointly connected to the top of the lathe turntable, the workpiece chuck being used for off-line centering adjustment of the workpieces, a worm chuck jointly arranged on the top of the workpiece chuck and used for clamping the workpieces, and air pressure locking devices and magnetic floating positioning devices arranged on the lathe turntable and used for locking and positioning and guiding the lathe turntable and the workpiece chuck. The long-time workpiece centering operation is moved to off-line completion, the machine tool downtime clamping time is greatly shortened, and the equipment utilization is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, specifically to a CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In CNC vertical lathe machining, workpiece clamping and centering are key aspects affecting machining efficiency and accuracy. Traditional lathes typically use integral fixtures, requiring tedious alignment and centering operations on the machine tool, which is time-consuming and severely restricts the overall utilization rate of the equipment. Especially for large or high-precision workpieces, the centering process often occupies a large proportion of the entire machining cycle. In addition, if the metal chips generated during machining are not cleaned up in a timely and effective manner, they can easily cause fixture wear, workpiece surface scratches, and even affect subsequent clamping accuracy. Although some quick-change fixture designs exist in the current technology, they still have shortcomings in terms of positioning accuracy, locking reliability, offline operation compatibility, and automatic chip removal function, making it difficult to meet the needs of efficient and intelligent machining.

[0003] Patent CN119772654A discloses a vertical CNC lathe with easy chip removal, including a worktable equipped with a fixture, and a drive assembly on the machine tool for rotating the worktable. A chip removal groove is formed inside the worktable, and a filter cylinder coaxially fixed at the bottom of the worktable, communicating with the chip removal groove. Debris passes sequentially through the chip removal groove and the filter cylinder into the bottom of the worktable. Coolant is discharged through the side of the filter cylinder under centrifugal force, and debris is discharged through the bottom of the filter cylinder. A collection assembly is provided on the machine tool. A pressing plate is slidably mounted on the side wall of the chip removal groove towards the inner wall of the filter cylinder. An adjustment assembly is provided on the machine tool to cooperate with the pressing plate. When the filter cylinder rotates, the adjustment assembly drives the pressing plate to reciprocate towards the filter cylinder, pressing the debris passing through the filter cylinder. This invention's vertical CNC lathe with easy chip removal has the effect of timely cleaning of debris inside parts; however, this device is difficult to quickly center and machine non-shaft parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism, which solves the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism, including a turning carriage, an electric guide rail one for controlling the movement of the turning carriage, an electric guide rail two, and a machining table for supporting the workpiece. The top of the machining table is rotatably connected to a lathe turntable, which is driven by a motor after being reduced in speed by a reducer.

[0006] The top of the lathe turntable is fitted with a workpiece chuck, which is used for offline centering adjustment of the workpiece.

[0007] The top of the workpiece chuck is provided with a worm gear caliper, which is used to clamp the workpiece;

[0008] The lathe turntable is equipped with a pneumatic locking device and a magnetic floating positioning device. The pneumatic locking device is used to lock the lathe turntable and the workpiece chuck, and the magnetic floating positioning device is used to position and guide the lathe turntable and the workpiece chuck.

[0009] The pneumatic locking device includes a locking platform and a hollow shaft. The locking platform is mounted on the workpiece chuck, and the hollow shaft is mounted on the lathe turntable. The hollow shaft and the locking platform are slidably connected. A limit pin is slidably connected inside the hollow shaft. A limit cone is provided at the top of the limit pin. There is a necking section between the limit cone and the limit pin, and multiple locking balls are provided inside the necking section. The hollow shaft has a groove corresponding to the position of the locking balls.

[0010] By pulling the limiting pin, the limiting cone is pressed against the locking ball, and the locking ball is stuck on the top side of the locking table, thereby locking the lathe turntable and workpiece chuck.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, an airtight chamber is provided on the lathe turntable, and a sealing ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting pin. The sealing ring is slidably connected inside the airtight chamber, and the sealing ring divides the airtight chamber into two independent air chambers.

[0012] A spring is provided between the limiting pin and the hollow shaft, and the spring applies a downward elastic force to the limiting pin.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the magnetic floating positioning device includes a guide sleeve and an aluminum flange. The guide sleeve is installed in the lathe turntable. A slide rod is slidably connected inside the guide sleeve. A magnetic pin is fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod. A spring is provided between the slide rod and the guide sleeve. The spring applies an upward force to the slide rod under normal conditions.

[0014] The aluminum flange is placed at the bottom of the workpiece chuck, and four soft magnetic pieces are evenly distributed on the bottom side of the aluminum flange, with the soft magnetic pieces corresponding to the magnetic pins.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, the workpiece chuck is provided with a lifting ring, and the workpiece chuck together with the workpiece is lifted onto the lathe turntable;

[0016] The workpiece chuck includes a four-jaw chuck, and the four-jaw chuck has a positioning hole for fixing the locking table.

[0017] The bottom of the four-jaw chuck is fixedly connected to a pre-positioning boss, the inner circle of which is an inclined arc surface, and the pre-positioning boss is used for centering.

[0018] According to the above technical solution, the lathe turntable includes a rotary table, and a pre-positioning groove is provided on the top of the rotary table. The pre-positioning groove is correspondingly provided with a pre-positioning boss, and the pre-positioning groove is used to cooperate with the pre-positioning boss for auxiliary centering.

[0019] A rotating frame is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotary table, and a centrifugal arm is slidably connected to the bottom of the rotary table. An electromagnet is fixedly connected to the end of the centrifugal arm away from the axis of the rotary table. Springs are provided on both sides of the centrifugal arm. Under normal conditions, the springs apply a force toward the axis of the rotary table to the centrifugal arm.

[0020] The rotary table has a hollowed-out center, and the bottom of the hollowed-out center is sealed with a synchronous end plate.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, a synchronous ring frame is slidably connected to the bottom of the outer ring of the rotary table, a magnetic ring is fixedly connected to the outer side of the synchronous ring frame, and a return spring is provided between the synchronous ring frame and the outer wall of the rotary table, which applies an upward force to the synchronous ring frame.

[0022] The rotary table is slidably connected to multiple extrusion shafts at the position corresponding to the synchronous ring frame. Under normal conditions, the extrusion shafts protrude from the top of the rotary table under the support of the return spring.

[0023] According to the above technical solution, a chip collection device is fixedly connected to the top of the processing table corresponding to the outer side of the workpiece chuck, and the chip collection device is used to collect metal chips.

[0024] The scrap collection device includes a bottom support filter screen, which is fixedly connected to the top of the processing table. There is a flow guide gap between the bottom support filter screen and the processing table. Multiple baffles are hinged to the outside of the bottom support filter screen through a hinge platform. The baffles are fan-shaped and the adjacent baffles have overlapping areas.

[0025] The protruding edge of the barrier is fixedly connected to a limit buckle, and an elastic rope is sleeved on the outer side of the ring-shaped barrier. The limit buckle is used to limit the elastic rope.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, the baffle extends out of the bottom end of the bottom support filter screen, and a deflection plate is fixedly connected to the protrusion. A magnet block is fixedly connected to the side of the deflection plate away from the baffle.

[0027] The magnet block and the magnetic ring are positioned correspondingly, and the magnet block and the magnetic ring repel each other. The electromagnet is positioned correspondingly to the magnet block, and the magnet block and the electromagnet attract each other.

[0028] The surface of the bottom tray filter screen is provided with a chip removal groove, which is used to remove metal chips accumulated on the surface of the bottom tray filter screen.

[0029] A scraper is provided at the position of the rotating frame corresponding to the bottom tray filter screen. The end of the scraper is provided with bristles. The scraper is used to sweep and push the metal shavings on the surface of the bottom tray filter screen into the chip discharge groove.

[0030] According to the above technical solution, the axis of the rotary table is provided with a locking control device, which is used to control the locking state of the pneumatic locking device. The locking control device includes a rotating column, which is rotatably connected to the hollow part of the rotary table. An air inlet ring groove and an exhaust ring groove are provided on the outer side of the rotating column. The air inlet ring groove is located at the top of the rotating column, and the exhaust ring groove is located at the bottom of the rotating column.

[0031] A flow divider chamber is provided in the middle of the rotating column. The flow divider chamber is connected to the air inlet ring groove. High-pressure gas is input into the flow divider chamber from the synchronous end plate.

[0032] The intake ring groove is used to input high-pressure gas, and the exhaust ring groove is used to discharge gas.

[0033] The rotary table is provided with airflow pipe one and airflow pipe two at the positions of the two air chambers respectively, and airflow pipe two is located above airflow pipe one;

[0034] The intake ring groove is provided with multiple equidistant reversing air passages, which are used to connect with airflow pipe one or airflow pipe two.

[0035] The exhaust ring groove is provided with multiple equally spaced reversing air passages II, which are used to connect with airflow pipe I or airflow pipe II.

[0036] When the air inlet ring groove inputs gas into a single air chamber of the air pressure locking device, the gas in the other air chamber is discharged through the exhaust ring groove.

[0037] A gear is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating column. A portion of the gear is located on the outer side of the synchronous end plate, and an independent stepper motor is used in conjunction with the gear system to drive the gear.

[0038] According to the above technical solution, a metal scrap cleaning device is fixedly connected to the top of the diversion air chamber, and the metal scrap cleaning device is used to blow away metal scraps.

[0039] The metal scrap cleaning device includes a hollow slide rod and a valve shaft. The hollow slide rod is fixed to the top of the diversion air chamber and seals the top of the diversion air chamber. A guide sleeve is slidably connected inside the hollow slide rod. The inner wall of the hollow slide rod is funnel-shaped. A protective valve is connected to the top of the hollow slide rod.

[0040] The protective valve is provided with one-way valves on both sides of the air inlet to block the airflow. The one-way valve includes an iron ball, a spring, and a constricted opening.

[0041] The protective valve is connected to a jet head in the middle, and the outer surface of the jet head is provided with a tangential rotating steam hole.

[0042] A valve shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the synchronous end plate. The valve shaft extends to the inner wall of the hollow slide rod and fits against the inner wall of the hollow slide rod. The valve shaft is rotatably connected to the hollow slide rod. Vent holes are provided on the adjacent surfaces of the valve shaft and the hollow slide rod. The vent holes of the two are not connected to each other when the lathe turntable and the workpiece chuck are locked.

[0043] This invention provides a CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism. It has the following advantages:

[0044] This invention allows the workpiece to be pre-centered and adjusted on the workpiece chuck using a four-jaw chuck, and then hoisted as a whole to the lathe turntable. Since the on-machine adjustment time is eliminated, the machine tool can process continuously, greatly improving the equipment utilization rate. This efficiency improvement directly depends on the detachable design of the workpiece chuck and the lathe turntable, providing a structural basis for offline operation.

[0045] This invention, after the workpiece chuck is installed, its own weight presses down on the extrusion shaft, pushing the synchronous ring frame to move downward, which in turn causes the baffle to swing towards the center, forming a closed collection area around the workpiece, preventing iron filings from splashing and accumulating during processing and causing wear. The bottom support filter screen and the baffle surface have openings to perform preliminary filtration of the coolant carrying iron filings. After processing is completed, the system automatically starts triple chip removal, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0046] This invention precisely controls the pressure of the upper and lower air chambers of the airtight compartment by using the intake ring groove and exhaust ring groove in conjunction with the reversing air passage one and reversing air passage two, driving the limit pin to move up and down. This structure is driven by an independent stepper motor through gear one, and the rotating column rotates synchronously with the synchronous end plate through magnetic force, ensuring reliable air circuit sealing under high-speed rotation. The entire locking and unlocking process is fully automated, shock-free, and has a rapid response, making it suitable for high-cycle production. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This invention as a whole Figure 1 A partial structural diagram;

[0049] Figure 3 This invention as a whole Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the unfolded structure;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece clamping disc of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5This invention as a whole Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bottom side structure;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall lathe turntable structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This invention as a whole Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the bottom side structure;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall iron filings collection device of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 9 This invention as a whole Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the bottom side structure;

[0056] Figure 10 This invention as a whole Figure 8 A structural diagram of area A;

[0057] Figure 11 This invention as a whole Figure 8 A structural diagram of area B;

[0058] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the stepped cross-section of the integral lathe turntable of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section of the overall lathe turntable of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 14 This is a half-sectional structural diagram of the overall pneumatic locking device of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 15 This invention as a whole Figure 12 A structural diagram of area C;

[0062] Figure 16 This invention as a whole Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of region D;

[0063] Figure 17 This invention as a whole Figure 12 A structural diagram of region E;

[0064] Figure 18 This invention as a whole Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure of region F;

[0065] Figure 19 This invention as a whole Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of region G.

[0066] In the diagram: 1. Electric guide rail one; 2. Pneumatic locking device; 201. Locking platform; 202. Hollow shaft; 203. Limiting pin; 204. Spring one; 205. Sealing ring; 206. Airtight chamber; 207. Limiting cone; 208. Locking ball; 3. Magnetic floating positioning device; 301. Guide sleeve one; 302. Slide rod one; 303. Magnetic pin; 304. Spring two; 305. Aluminum flange; 306. Soft magnetic sheet; 4. Locking control device; 401. Rotating column; 402. Inlet ring groove; 403. Exhaust ring groove; 404. Reversing air passage one; 405. Reversing air passage two; 406. Gear one; 407. Flow splitting chamber; 408. Airflow duct one; 409. Airflow duct two; 5. Lathe turntable; 501. Rotary table; 502. Rotary frame; 503. Pre-positioning groove; 504. Centrifugal... Arm; 505, Electromagnet; 506, Spring 3; 507, Synchronous End Plate; 508, Extrusion Shaft; 509, Synchronous Circular Frame; 510, Magnetic Ring; 6, Workpiece Clamp; 601, Four-Jaw Chuck; 602, Positioning Hole; 603, Pre-positioning Boss; 7, Scrap Collection Device; 701, Base Support Filter Screen; 702, Baffle Screen; 703, Hinge Table; 704, Deflection Plate; 705, Magnetic Block; 706. 707. Chip removal groove; 708. Limit buckle; 709. Elastic rope; 8. Worm gear caliper; 900. Iron chip cleaning device; 901. Hollow slide bar; 902. Guide sleeve II; 903. Valve shaft; 904. Vent hole; 905. Protective valve; 906. Iron ball; 907. Spring IV; 908. Air jet head; 909. Rotary air hole; 11. Turning stand; 12. Electric guide rail II; 13. Scraper; 14. Machining table. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0068] Please see Figures 1-19 A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism includes a turning head 11, an electric guide rail 1 for controlling the movement of the turning head 11, an electric guide rail 2 12, and a machining table 14 for supporting the workpiece. The top of the machining table 14 is rotatably connected to a lathe turntable 5, which is driven by a motor after being reduced in speed by a reducer.

[0069] The top of the lathe turntable 5 is fitted with a workpiece chuck 6, which is used for offline centering adjustment of the workpiece.

[0070] The top of the workpiece chuck 6 is provided with a worm gear caliper 8, which is used to clamp the workpiece;

[0071] The lathe turntable 5 is equipped with a pneumatic locking device 2 and a magnetic floating positioning device 3. The pneumatic locking device 2 is used to lock the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6, and the magnetic floating positioning device 3 is used to position and guide the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6.

[0072] The pneumatic locking device 2 includes a locking platform 201 and a hollow shaft 202. The locking platform 201 is mounted on the workpiece chuck 6, and the hollow shaft 202 is mounted on the lathe turntable 5. The hollow shaft 202 is slidably inserted into the locking platform 201. A limit pin 203 is slidably connected inside the hollow shaft 202. A limit cone 207 is provided on the top of the limit pin 203. There is a necking part between the limit cone 207 and the limit pin 203, and multiple locking balls 208 are provided inside the necking part. The hollow shaft 202 has a slot corresponding to the position of the locking balls 208.

[0073] By traction limiting pin 203, limiting cone 207 is pressed against locking ball 208, and locking ball 208 is stuck on top side of locking table 201, thereby locking lathe turntable 5 and workpiece chuck 6.

[0074] Furthermore, the upper surface of the locking platform 201 is provided with a flared inclined groove for supporting and locking the protruding locking ball 208.

[0075] In use, by sliding the limiting pin 203, the locking ball 208 falls into the necked section under its own weight. Then, the limiting pin 203 and the hollow shaft 202 are inserted into the locking table 201 as a whole. After insertion, the limiting pin 203 is slid in the opposite direction, and the limiting cone 207 pushes the locking ball 208 outward, so that it is locked into the flared inclined groove at the top of the locking table 201. At this time, a continuous downward traction force is applied to the limiting pin 203, so that the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6 can be reliably locked.

[0076] During disassembly, remove the traction force and push the limit pin 203 upward to make the locking ball 208 retract back into the neck, releasing the locking state and making it easier to lift the workpiece together with the workpiece clamp 6 as a whole.

[0077] An airtight chamber 206 is provided on the lathe turntable 5. A sealing ring 205 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting pin 203. The sealing ring 205 is slidably connected in the airtight chamber 206, and the sealing ring 205 divides the airtight chamber 206 into two independent air chambers.

[0078] A spring 204 is provided between the limiting pin 203 and the hollow shaft 202, and the spring 204 applies a downward elastic force to the limiting pin 203.

[0079] Furthermore, by controlling the air pressure in the two independent air chambers, the movement of the limit pin 203 downwards or upwards can be controlled.

[0080] Furthermore, when no external force is applied to the limit pin 203, if the locking platform 201 is inserted into the hollow shaft 202, the spring 204 can lock the locking platform 201 and the hollow shaft 202.

[0081] The magnetic floating positioning device 3 includes a guide sleeve 301 and an aluminum flange 305. The guide sleeve 301 is installed inside the lathe turntable 5. A slide rod 302 is slidably connected inside the guide sleeve 301. A magnetic pin 303 is fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod 302. A spring 304 is provided between the slide rod 302 and the guide sleeve 301. The spring 304 applies an upward force to the slide rod 302 under normal conditions.

[0082] An aluminum flange 305 is placed at the bottom of the workpiece chuck 6. Four soft magnetic pieces 306 are evenly distributed on the bottom side of the aluminum flange 305, and the soft magnetic pieces 306 are correspondingly set with magnetic pins 303.

[0083] Furthermore, the number of magnetic floating positioning devices 3 is four.

[0084] Furthermore, the top of spring 2 304 is fixedly connected to slide rod 1 302, and the bottom of spring 2 304 is fixedly connected to the bottom of guide sleeve 1 301.

[0085] When using the workpiece chuck 6, first roughly align it with the center of the lathe turntable 5 and slowly lower it. At this time, the slide bar 302 on the lathe turntable 5 extends upward under the elastic force of the spring 304. As the soft magnet 306 at the bottom of the workpiece chuck 6 approaches the magnetic pin 303, the soft magnet 306 is magnetized and attracts the magnetic pin 303. This magnetic force guides the workpiece chuck 6 to finely adjust its position, so that each magnetic pin 303 is precisely attracted to the corresponding soft magnet 306, completing high-precision positioning and ensuring that the hollow shaft 202 is smoothly inserted into the locking table 201.

[0086] When the lathe turntable 5 disengages from the workpiece chuck 6, the upward movement of the workpiece chuck 6 drags the slide bar 302 upward and pulls the slide bar 302 to stretch it. Under the elastic pull, the magnetic pin 303 disengages from the soft magnet 306.

[0087] The workpiece chuck 6 is equipped with lifting rings, and the workpiece chuck 6 together with the workpiece is lifted onto the lathe turntable 5.

[0088] The workpiece chuck 6 includes a four-jaw chuck 601, and the four-jaw chuck 601 is provided with a positioning hole 602, which is used to fix the locking table 201.

[0089] The bottom of the four-jaw chuck 601 is fixedly connected to a pre-positioning boss 603. The inner ring of the pre-positioning boss 603 is an inclined arc surface. The pre-positioning boss 603 is used for centering.

[0090] The lathe turntable 5 includes a rotary table 501. A pre-positioning groove 503 is provided on the top of the rotary table 501. The pre-positioning groove 503 is correspondingly provided with a pre-positioning boss 603. The pre-positioning groove 503 is used to cooperate with the pre-positioning boss 603 for auxiliary centering.

[0091] A rotary frame 502 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotary table 501, and a centrifugal arm 504 is slidably connected to the bottom of the rotary table 501. An electromagnet 505 is fixedly connected to one end of the centrifugal arm 504 away from the axis of the rotary table 501. Springs 506 are provided on both sides of the centrifugal arm 504. Under normal conditions, the springs 506 apply a force to the centrifugal arm 504 toward the axis of the rotary table 501.

[0092] The center of the rotary table 501 is hollowed out, and the bottom of the hollowed-out area is sealed with a synchronous end plate 507.

[0093] Furthermore, the synchronous end plate 507 is fixedly connected to the rotary table 501, and the synchronous end plate 507 rotates synchronously with the rotary table 501.

[0094] Furthermore, the splicing accuracy of the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6 is improved by the convex-concave fit between the pre-positioning groove 503 and the pre-positioning boss 603.

[0095] When in use, during processing, the rotary table 501 rotates at a constant speed. At this time, under the action of centrifugal force, the centrifugal arm 504 and the electromagnet 505 slide toward the side away from the axis of the rotary table 501. During this process, the spring 506 is compressed, and the elastic force of the spring and the centrifugal force reach a balance, thereby ensuring the stability of the position of the electromagnet 505.

[0096] A synchronous ring frame 509 is slidably connected to the bottom of the outer ring of the rotary table 501. A magnetic ring 510 is fixedly connected to the outside of the synchronous ring frame 509. A reset spring is provided between the synchronous ring frame 509 and the outer wall of the rotary table 501, which applies an upward force to the synchronous ring frame 509.

[0097] Multiple pressing shafts 508 are slidably connected at the position of the rotary table 501 corresponding to the synchronous ring frame 509. Under normal conditions, the pressing shafts 508 protrude from the top of the rotary table 501 under the support of the return spring.

[0098] In use, the workpiece chuck 6 is assembled with the lathe turntable 5. After the workpiece chuck 6 is assembled, its own weight presses the end of the pressing shaft 508 and applies force to the top of the synchronous ring frame 509, causing the synchronous ring frame 509 to slide downward.

[0099] A chip collection device 7 is fixedly connected to the top of the processing table 14 corresponding to the outer side of the workpiece chuck 6. The chip collection device 7 is used to collect metal chips.

[0100] The scrap collection device 7 includes a bottom support filter screen 701, which is fixedly connected to the top of the processing table 14. There is a flow guide gap between the bottom support filter screen 701 and the processing table 14. Multiple baffles 702 are hinged to the outside of the bottom support filter screen 701 through a hinge platform 703. The baffles 702 are fan-shaped and there is an overlapping area between adjacent baffles 702.

[0101] The protruding edge of the barrier net 702 is fixedly connected to a limiting buckle 707, and an elastic rope 708 is sleeved on the outer side of the ring-shaped barrier net 702. The limiting buckle 707 is used to limit the elastic rope 708.

[0102] Furthermore, the bottom support filter screen 701 and the baffle screen 702 have holes on their surfaces for preliminary filtration of the coolant carrying metal shavings during processing.

[0103] When in use, when the workpiece chuck 6 is not installed on the lathe turntable 5, the guard net 702 is affected by the tension of the elastic rope 708, causing the guard net 702 to flip outward around the hinge table 703, so that the vertical guard net 702 becomes an inclined state, which makes it convenient for workers to observe the connection state when the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6 are assembled.

[0104] The baffle 702 extends out of the bottom end of the bottom support filter 701, and the protrusion is fixedly connected to the deflection plate 704. A magnet block 705 is fixedly connected to the side of the deflection plate 704 away from the baffle 702.

[0105] The position of the magnet 705 corresponds to that of the magnetic ring 510, and the magnet 705 and the magnetic ring 510 repel each other. The position of the electromagnet 505 corresponds to that of the magnet 705, and the magnet 705 and the electromagnet 505 attract each other.

[0106] The bottom tray filter screen 701 has a chip removal groove 706 on its surface, which is used to remove metal chips accumulated on the surface of the bottom tray filter screen 701.

[0107] A scraper 13 is provided at the position of the rotating frame 502 corresponding to the bottom tray filter screen 701. The end of the scraper 13 is provided with bristles. The scraper 13 is used to sweep and push the metal shavings on the surface of the bottom tray filter screen 701 to the chip discharge groove 706.

[0108] Furthermore, scraper 13 is installed at an angle;

[0109] The scraper 13 can be hinged on the rotating frame 502 so that when the rotation speed is below a certain threshold, its gravity is greater than the deflection force generated by the airflow, so that it can clean the surface of the bottom tray filter screen 701 in a low-speed environment.

[0110] In use, after the workpiece chuck 6 is installed on the lathe turntable 5, the weight of the workpiece chuck 6 presses the pressing shaft 508, pushes the synchronous ring frame 509, and presses the deflection plates 704 on multiple baffles 702, so that each baffle 702 deflects towards the center of the workpiece chuck 6 to form a collection area, thus avoiding the wear of the workpiece and fixture caused by the accumulation of metal chips generated during processing.

[0111] Meanwhile, since the magnet block 705 and the magnetic ring 510 repel each other, when the lathe turntable 5 is working normally, there is a movement gap between the magnet block 705 and the magnetic ring 510 under the action of repulsion, so as to avoid wear between the two.

[0112] After the workpiece on the workpiece chuck 6 is processed, when cleaning the iron filings on the iron filings collection device 7, the scraper 13 on the lathe turntable 5 continuously cleans the surface of the bottom support filter screen 701 through the continuous operation of the lathe turntable 5, pushing the metal iron filings accumulated on the surface of the bottom support filter screen 701 into the chip discharge groove 706, and recycling the metal iron filings through this opening.

[0113] During the process of scraper 13 brushing the surface of the bottom tray filter screen 701, the rotation of the rotary table 501 will also cause the centrifugal arm 504 and electromagnet 505 to slide away from the axis of the rotary table 501 under the action of centrifugal force. During this process, the spring 506 is compressed, and the spring force and centrifugal force are balanced to ensure the stability of the position of the electromagnet 505. By supplying power to the electromagnet 505, when the electromagnet 505 and the magnet block 705 are intersected under the rotation of the rotary table 501, the electromagnet 505 will cause the magnet block 705 to swing under the influence of the magnetic force, so that the metal shavings stuck in the mesh of the mesh 702 fall off, improving the cleaning effect.

[0114] A locking control device 4 is provided on the axis of the rotary table 501, which is used to control the locking state of the pneumatic locking device 2. The locking control device 4 includes a rotating column 401, which is rotatably connected to the hollow part of the rotary table 501. An air inlet ring groove 402 and an exhaust ring groove 403 are provided on the outer side of the rotating column 401. The air inlet ring groove 402 is located at the top of the rotating column 401, and the exhaust ring groove 403 is located at the bottom of the rotating column 401.

[0115] A diversion air chamber 407 is provided in the middle of the rotating column 401. The diversion air chamber 407 is connected to the air inlet ring groove 402. High-pressure gas is input into the diversion air chamber 407 through the synchronous end plate 507.

[0116] The intake ring groove 402 is used to input high-pressure gas, and the exhaust ring groove 403 is used to discharge gas.

[0117] The rotary table 501 has airflow pipe 1 408 and airflow pipe 2 409 respectively at the positions of the two air chambers. Airflow pipe 2 409 is located above airflow pipe 1 408.

[0118] Multiple equidistant reversing air passages 404 are provided on the intake ring groove 402. The reversing air passages 404 are used to connect with the airflow pipe 408 or the airflow pipe 409.

[0119] Multiple equidistant reversing air passages 405 are provided on the exhaust ring groove 403. The reversing air passages 405 are used to connect with the airflow pipe 408 or the airflow pipe 409.

[0120] When the air inlet ring groove 402 inputs gas into a single air chamber of the air pressure locking device 2, the gas in the other air chamber is discharged through the exhaust ring groove 403.

[0121] Gear 406 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating column 401. Gear 406 is located on the outer side of the synchronous end plate 507 and is driven by an independent stepper motor in conjunction with the gear system.

[0122] Furthermore, the number of reversing air passages 404 on the intake ring groove 402 and the number of reversing air passages 405 on the exhaust ring groove 403 are related to the number of air pressure locking devices 2.

[0123] Furthermore, since there are four pneumatic locking devices 2, there are eight reversing air passages 404 and 405. By rotating the rotating column 401 by 45 degrees, the force direction of the limiting pin 203 on the pneumatic locking device 2 can be adjusted.

[0124] Furthermore, the external cylinder is connected to the synchronous end plate 507 via an air pipe, which delivers high-pressure gas to the split air chamber 407.

[0125] Furthermore, the rotating column 401 increases the friction with the lathe turntable 5 through the attraction of the magnet, thereby ensuring that the locking control device 4 rotates synchronously with the rotation of the lathe turntable 5.

[0126] Furthermore, the second reversing air passage 405 is connected to the outside of the lathe turntable 5 via a one-way valve;

[0127] In use, after the workpiece chuck 6 and the lathe turntable 5 are spliced ​​together, the rotating column 401 is rotated forty-five degrees to increase the air pressure in the air chamber connected to the airflow pipe 409, thereby causing the limit pin 203 to move down and lock the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6.

[0128] After the workpiece on the workpiece chuck 6 is processed, the rotating column 401 is rotated in the opposite direction by 45 degrees, which increases the air pressure in the air chamber connected to the airflow pipe 408, thereby causing the limit pin 203 to move upward and unlocking the lathe turntable 5 from the workpiece chuck 6.

[0129] The overall operation is convenient and quick, and it has an independent stepper motor that works directly with the gear system, resulting in high working precision.

[0130] A metal scrap cleaning device 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the air diversion chamber 407. The metal scrap cleaning device 9 is used to blow away metal scraps.

[0131] The metal scrap cleaning device 9 includes a hollow slide rod 901 and a valve shaft 903. The hollow slide rod 901 is fixed to the top of the diversion air chamber 407 and seals the top of the diversion air chamber 407. A guide sleeve 902 is slidably connected inside the hollow slide rod 901. The inner wall of the hollow slide rod 901 is funnel-shaped. A protective valve 905 is connected to the top of the hollow slide rod 901.

[0132] The air inlet of the protective valve 905 is provided with one-way valves on both sides to block the airflow. The one-way valves include an iron ball 906, a spring 907, and a constriction.

[0133] The protective valve 905 is connected to a jet head 908 in the middle, and the outer surface of the jet head 908 is provided with a tangential rotary steam hole 909.

[0134] A valve shaft 903 is fixedly connected to the top of the synchronous end plate 507. The valve shaft 903 extends to the inner wall of the hollow slide rod 901 and fits against the inner wall of the hollow slide rod 901. The valve shaft 903 is rotatably connected to the hollow slide rod 901. Vent holes 904 are provided on the adjacent surfaces of the valve shaft 903 and the hollow slide rod 901. The vent holes 904 of the two are not connected to each other when the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6 are locked.

[0135] Furthermore, the vent holes 904 on the valve shaft 903 and the hollow slide bar 901 are interconnected when the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6 are not spliced ​​together.

[0136] Furthermore, the protective valve 905 is designed to prevent high-pressure gas from being directly discharged into the outside air through the diversion chamber 407, the vent hole 904, the hollow slide bar 901, and the rotary steam hole 909 when the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6 are not spliced ​​together.

[0137] In use, when the workpiece is finished, the lathe turntable 5 continues to rotate due to inertia, controlling the rotating column 401 to rotate forty-five degrees, so that the valve shaft 903 is connected to the vent hole 904 on the hollow slide rod 901. High-pressure gas enters the protective valve 905 through the diversion air chamber 407. At this time, the iron ball 906 overcomes the elastic force of the spring 4 907 under the action of centrifugal force, disengages from the constriction, and opens the one-way valve. The gas is ejected through the tangential rotating steam hole 909 of the jet head 908. Under the action of the recoil torque, the jet head 908 is driven to rotate at high speed. At the same time, the reaction force of the high-pressure gas pushes the jet head 908 to move upward along the guide sleeve 2 902, so that it protrudes from the surface of the workpiece chuck 6, realizing efficient blowing and cleaning of residual iron filings.

[0138] Working principle: The workpiece is pre-clamped on the workpiece chuck 6 by the worm gear caliper 8, and offline centering adjustment is performed using the four-jaw chuck 601. After the adjustment is completed, the workpiece and the workpiece chuck 6 are hoisted together to the top of the lathe turntable 5 by the lifting ring.

[0139] During hoisting, the aluminum flange 305 at the bottom of the workpiece chuck 6 cooperates with the magnetic floating positioning device 3 on the lathe turntable 5. The slide bar 302 on the lathe turntable 5 extends upward under the elastic force of the spring 304. When the magnetic pin 303 at its top approaches the soft magnet 306 on the bottom side of the workpiece chuck 6, the soft magnet 306 is magnetized and generates an attractive force, guiding the workpiece chuck 6 to finely adjust its position, achieving high-precision automatic centering at four points, ensuring that the pre-positioning boss 603 and the pre-positioning groove 503 are accurately engaged, and providing guidance for the hollow shaft 202 to be inserted into the locking table 201.

[0140] After positioning is completed, the locking control device 4 is activated. The rotating column 401 rotates forty-five degrees under the drive of the stepper motor, so that the high-pressure gas enters the airflow pipe 409 through the diversion air chamber 407 and the reversing air passage 1 404, pushing the limit pin 203 to move down. The limit cone 207 squeezes the locking ball 208 in the necked part, so that it protrudes outward and is stuck in the horn-shaped inclined groove at the top of the locking platform 201. Under the combined action of the spring 1 204 and the air pressure, the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6 are reliably locked.

[0141] When the lathe turntable 5 and the workpiece chuck 6 are joined, the weight of the workpiece chuck 6 causes the extrusion shaft 508 to press down on the synchronous ring frame 509, pushing the baffle 702 to tilt towards the center, forming a closed chip collection area. The coolant carries the chips through the bottom support filter screen 701 and the baffle 702 for preliminary filtration, while large particles of chips are temporarily stored on the screen surface.

[0142] After machining, the lathe turntable 5 continues to rotate due to inertia. The control system rotates the rotating column 401 in the opposite direction by 45 degrees. At the same time, the workpiece chuck 6 is unlocked, and the chip cleaning device 9 is triggered. High-pressure gas enters the protective valve 905 through the connected vent 904. The iron ball 906 opens the one-way valve under the action of centrifugal force. Gas is ejected from the tangential rotating steam hole 909 of the jet nozzle 908, driving it to rotate at high speed and move upward to protrude from the surface of the workpiece chuck 6, blowing away the residual iron chips. At the same time, the scraper 13 cleans the bottom support filter screen 701 by gravity at low speed, pushing the iron chips into the chip discharge groove 706. In addition, when the electromagnet 505 is energized, its periodic attraction with the magnet block 705 causes the baffle 702 to swing, shaking off the iron chips stuck in the mesh, achieving all-round and efficient cleaning.

[0143] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism, comprising a turning head (11), an electric guide rail one (1) for controlling the movement of the turning head (11), an electric guide rail two (12), and a machining table (14) for supporting the workpiece, characterized in that: The top of the processing table (14) is rotatably connected to a lathe turntable (5), which is driven by a motor after being reduced in speed by a reducer. The top of the lathe turntable (5) is fitted with a workpiece chuck (6), which is used for offline centering adjustment of the workpiece. The top of the workpiece chuck (6) is provided with a worm gear caliper (8), which is used to clamp the workpiece; The lathe turntable (5) is equipped with a pneumatic locking device (2) and a magnetic floating positioning device (3). The pneumatic locking device (2) is used to lock the lathe turntable (5) and the workpiece chuck (6). The magnetic floating positioning device (3) is used to position and guide the lathe turntable (5) and the workpiece chuck (6). The pneumatic locking device (2) includes a locking platform (201) and a hollow shaft (202). The locking platform (201) is placed on the workpiece chuck (6), and the hollow shaft (202) is placed on the lathe turntable (5). The hollow shaft (202) is slidably inserted into the locking platform (201). A limit pin (203) is slidably connected inside the hollow shaft (202). A limit cone (207) is provided on the top of the limit pin (203). There is a necking section between the limit cone (207) and the limit pin (203), and multiple locking balls (208) are provided inside the necking section. The hollow shaft (202) has a slot corresponding to the position of the locking ball (208). By using the traction limit pin (203), the limit cone (207) is pressed against the locking ball (208), and the locking ball (208) is locked on the top side of the locking table (201), thereby locking the lathe turntable (5) and the workpiece chuck (6). An airtight chamber (206) is provided on the lathe turntable (5). A sealing ring (205) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting pin (203). The sealing ring (205) is slidably connected in the airtight chamber (206). The sealing ring (205) divides the airtight chamber (206) into two independent air chambers. A spring (204) is provided between the limiting pin (203) and the hollow shaft (202), and the spring (204) applies a downward elastic force to the limiting pin (203); The lathe turntable (5) includes a rotary table (501), the center of which is hollowed out, and the bottom of the hollowed-out part is sealed with a synchronous end plate (507). The rotary table (501) is provided with a locking control device (4) at its axis, which is used to control the locking state of the pneumatic locking device (2). The locking control device (4) includes a rotating column (401), which is rotatably connected to the hollow part of the rotary table (501). An air inlet ring groove (402) and an exhaust ring groove (403) are provided on the outer side of the rotating column (401). The air inlet ring groove (402) is located at the top of the rotating column (401), and the exhaust ring groove (403) is located at the bottom of the rotating column (401). The rotating column (401) has a split air chamber (407) in the middle, which is connected to the air inlet ring groove (402). High pressure gas is input into the split air chamber (407) through the synchronous end plate (507). The intake ring groove (402) is used to input high-pressure gas, and the exhaust ring groove (403) is used to discharge gas; The rotary table (501) is provided with airflow pipe one (408) and airflow pipe two (409) at the positions of the two air chambers respectively, and the airflow pipe two (409) is located above the airflow pipe one (408); The intake ring groove (402) is provided with a plurality of equally spaced reversing air passages (404), which are used to communicate with airflow pipe (408) or airflow pipe (409). The exhaust ring groove (403) is provided with a plurality of equally spaced reversing air passages (405), which are used to communicate with the airflow pipe (408) or the airflow pipe (409). When the air inlet ring groove (402) inputs gas into a single air chamber of the air pressure locking device (2), the gas in the other air chamber is discharged through the exhaust ring groove (403); Gear 1 (406) is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating column (401). Gear 1 (406) is located on the outside of the synchronous end plate (507) and is driven by an independent stepper motor in conjunction with the gear system.

2. A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic floating positioning device (3) includes a guide sleeve (301) and an aluminum flange (305). The guide sleeve (301) is placed inside the lathe turntable (5). A slide rod (302) is slidably connected inside the guide sleeve (301). A magnetic pin (303) is fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod (302). A spring (304) is provided between the slide rod (302) and the guide sleeve (301). The spring (304) applies an upward force to the slide rod (302) under normal conditions. The aluminum flange (305) is placed at the bottom of the workpiece chuck (6). Four soft magnetic pieces (306) are evenly distributed on the bottom side of the aluminum flange (305), and the soft magnetic pieces (306) are correspondingly arranged with magnetic pins (303).

3. A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece chuck (6) is provided with a lifting ring, and the workpiece chuck (6) together with the workpiece is lifted onto the lathe turntable (5); The workpiece chuck (6) includes a four-jaw chuck (601), and the four-jaw chuck (601) has a positioning hole (602) for fixing the locking table (201). The bottom of the four-jaw chuck (601) is fixedly connected to a pre-positioning boss (603), the inner circle of which is an inclined arc surface, and the pre-positioning boss (603) is used for centering.

4. A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the rotary table (501) is provided with a pre-positioning groove (503), which is correspondingly provided with a pre-positioning boss (603). The pre-positioning groove (503) is used to cooperate with the pre-positioning boss (603) for auxiliary centering. A rotating frame (502) is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotary table (501), and a centrifugal arm (504) is slidably connected to the bottom of the rotary table (501). An electromagnet (505) is fixedly connected to one end of the centrifugal arm (504) away from the axis of the rotary table (501). Springs (506) are provided on both sides of the centrifugal arm (504). Under normal conditions, the springs (506) apply a force to the centrifugal arm (504) toward the axis of the rotary table (501).

5. A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: A synchronous ring frame (509) is slidably connected to the bottom of the outer ring of the rotary table (501). A magnetic ring (510) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the synchronous ring frame (509). A reset spring is provided between the synchronous ring frame (509) and the outer wall of the rotary table (501), which applies an upward force to the synchronous ring frame (509). The rotary table (501) is slidably connected to a plurality of extrusion shafts (508) at the position corresponding to the synchronous ring frame (509). Under normal conditions, the extrusion shafts (508) protrude from the top of the rotary table (501) under the support of the return spring.

6. A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: A chip collection device (7) is fixedly connected to the top of the processing table (14) corresponding to the outer side of the workpiece chuck (6). The chip collection device (7) is used to collect metal chips. The scrap collection device (7) includes a bottom tray filter screen (701), which is fixedly connected to the top of the processing table (14). There is a flow guide gap between the bottom tray filter screen (701) and the processing table (14). Multiple baffles (702) are hinged to the outside of the bottom tray filter screen (701) through a hinge table (703). The baffles (702) are fan-shaped and the adjacent baffles (702) have overlapping areas. The edge of the protruding part of the barrier net (702) is fixedly connected to a limiting buckle (707), and an elastic rope (708) is sleeved on the outer side of the ring-shaped barrier net (702). The limiting buckle (707) is used to limit the elastic rope (708).

7. A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The baffle (702) extends out of the bottom end of the bottom support filter (701), and a deflection plate (704) is fixedly connected to the protrusion. A magnet (705) is fixedly connected to the side of the deflection plate (704) away from the baffle (702). The magnet block (705) corresponds to the magnetic ring (510) in position, and the magnet block (705) and the magnetic ring (510) repel each other. The electromagnet (505) corresponds to the magnet block (705) in position, and the magnet block (705) and the electromagnet (505) attract each other. The bottom tray filter screen (701) has a chip removal groove (706) on its surface, which is used to remove metal chips accumulated on the surface of the bottom tray filter screen (701). The rotating frame (502) is provided with a scraper (13) at the position corresponding to the bottom tray filter screen (701). The end of the scraper (13) is provided with bristles. The scraper (13) is used to sweep and push the metal shavings on the surface of the bottom tray filter screen (701) to the chip discharge groove (706).

8. A CNC vertical lathe with a detachable clamping mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the split air chamber (407) is fixedly connected to a metal scrap cleaning device (9), which is used to blow away metal scraps. The scrap metal cleaning device (9) includes a hollow slide rod (901) and a valve shaft (903). The hollow slide rod (901) is fixed to the top of the diversion air chamber (407) and blocks the top of the diversion air chamber (407). A guide sleeve (902) is slidably connected inside the hollow slide rod (901). The inner wall of the hollow slide rod (901) is funnel-shaped. A protective valve (905) is connected to the top of the hollow slide rod (901). The protective valve (905) is provided with one-way valves on both sides of the air inlet for blocking airflow. The one-way valves include an iron ball (906), a spring (907), and a constricted opening. The protective valve (905) is connected to a jet head (908) in the middle, and a tangential rotary steam hole (909) is opened on the outer surface of the jet head (908). A valve shaft (903) is fixedly connected to the top of the synchronous end plate (507). The valve shaft (903) extends to the inner wall of the hollow slide rod (901) and fits against the inner wall of the hollow slide rod (901). The valve shaft (903) is rotatably connected to the hollow slide rod (901). Vent holes (904) are provided on the adjacent surfaces of the valve shaft (903) and the hollow slide rod (901). The vent holes (904) of the two are not connected to each other when the lathe turntable (5) and the workpiece chuck (6) are locked.

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