A five-axis intelligent control surface precision grinding center

Abstract

This invention discloses a five-axis intelligent control precision grinding center for curved surfaces, comprising a machine tool base, a cross slide, a slide plate, a workpiece fixture, and a fixed column. The cross slide is mounted on the upper end face of the machine tool base, the slide plate is slidably mounted on the cross slide, and the workpiece fixture is mounted on the upper end face of the slide plate. The fixed column is vertically fixed to the upper end face of the machine tool base, and a sliding seat is vertically slidably mounted on the fixed column. A machining unit is rotatably connected below the sliding seat. The machining unit in this invention is equipped with a tool magazine base, on which multiple grinding wheels are placed via grinding wheel grippers for convenient automatic grinding wheel replacement during machining. The grinding wheels in the machining unit are mounted on the output shaft of a permanent magnet motor, and the tail of the permanent magnet motor is rotatably connected to a cylinder liner via guide pins. Energy dissipation plates arranged inside the cylinder liner can absorb and dissipate the high-frequency vibrations generated by the permanent magnet motor during machining, thereby improving machining accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically a five-axis intelligent control surface precision grinding center. Background Technology

[0002] Tool grinding machines are mainly used for tool processing on CNC machine tools. In traditional grinding machines, the grinding wheel motor is fixed on the rotary table mounting base of the column. During high-speed grinding, the rotation of the grinding wheel spindle (or workpiece spindle), the discontinuous contact between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, and the operation of the motor itself all generate high-frequency vibrations. These vibrations are directly transmitted to the workpiece and the grinding wheel, causing problems such as chatter marks on the ground surface of the workpiece, difficulty in controlling dimensional accuracy, and poor surface finish, which seriously affect the machining quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a five-axis intelligent control surface precision grinding center, comprising a machine tool base, a cross slide, a slide plate, a workpiece fixture, and a fixed column frame; the cross slide is assembled in the middle of the upper end face of the machine tool base, the slide plate is slidably mounted on the cross slide, the workpiece fixture is mounted on the upper end face of the slide plate, and a tool spindle is coaxially rotatably mounted on one end of the workpiece fixture;

[0004] The fixed column is vertically fixed to the upper end face of the machine tool base and located on one side of the cross slide. A sliding seat is vertically slidably mounted on the fixed column. A processing unit is rotatably connected below the sliding seat. A grinding wheel is detachably mounted on the processing unit.

[0005] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a material tray is also installed on the upper end face of the workpiece fixture, and a plurality of material holes are distributed on the material tray; a robot arm is installed on the side of the fixed column frame near the material tray;

[0006] The processing unit is equipped with a workpiece measuring probe on the side near the material tray.

[0007] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a slide rail seat is fixed adjacent to the fixed column frame on the upper end face of the machine tool base, and the slide rail seat is arranged opposite to the slide plate. A transfer plate is horizontally slidably mounted on the slide rail seat, and a tool magazine base is rotatably connected to the upper end face of the transfer plate. Multiple grinding wheel chucks are vertically fixed on the tool magazine base, and different specifications of grinding wheels are placed on each of the grinding wheel chucks.

[0008] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the processing unit includes a spindle seat with a mounting groove at its center. A cylinder liner is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove, and a permanent magnet motor is installed inside the cylinder liner. The grinding wheel is mounted on the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor.

[0009] Two guide pins are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the outer side wall of the permanent magnet motor, and a positioning groove is provided on the inner wall of the cylinder liner. The guide pins are rotatably inserted into the positioning groove.

[0010] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the end of the cylinder liner is provided with a straight groove structure, and the deflection angle of the permanent magnet motor is less than 12°.

[0011] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a driven gear is coaxially fixed to the outside of the cylinder liner, and a fine-tuning motor is provided outside the main shaft seat. The output end of the fine-tuning motor is connected to the driven gear through gear meshing.

[0012] Multiple energy dissipation plates are arranged and fixed inside the cylinder liner, and one end of each energy dissipation plate contacts the outer wall of the permanent magnet motor.

[0013] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the energy dissipation plate is U-shaped, and each of the two supporting sections of the energy dissipation plate is provided with a wedge-shaped groove on its side wall. An elastic plate is sealed between two adjacent energy dissipation plates through the wedge-shaped groove.

[0014] The support section of the elastic plate and the energy dissipation plate are combined to form a volume cavity. Sealing grids are installed at both ends of the volume cavity, and the volume cavity is filled with magnetorheological fluid.

[0015] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a plurality of electromagnetic coils are arranged on the elastic plate, and a plastic sleeve is used to connect the elastic plates. The electromagnetic coils are wound between two elastic plates through the plastic sleeve.

[0016] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the cylinder liner has a mounting hole on its side wall above the straight groove and near the output end of the permanent magnet motor. A shock-absorbing guide cylinder is vertically fixed in the mounting hole, and a piston rod is vertically slidably connected in the shock-absorbing guide cylinder. The lower end of the piston rod is in contact with the permanent magnet motor through a rubber pad.

[0017] The shock-absorbing guide cylinder is also slidably connected to a piston rod, and a spring is sleeved on the piston rod;

[0018] The shock-absorbing guide cylinder is provided with a partition layer, and a guide hole is opened in the middle of the partition layer. The space between the shaft plug rod and the piston rod is filled with magnetorheological fluid.

[0019] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a main coil is embedded in the guide hole of the partition layer, and multiple microfluidic holes are circumferentially distributed in the partition layer, with a one-way valve sleeve slidably installed in each microfluidic hole; a secondary coil is provided at each of the microfluidic holes.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] In this invention, the tool and workpiece can be horizontally clamped and fixed by a workpiece fixture. During processing, the tool spindle, which is rotatably mounted at its end, drives the workpiece to rotate, thereby achieving tool grinding. The processing unit is equipped with a tool magazine base, on which multiple grinding wheels are placed via grinding wheel jaws for easy automatic grinding wheel replacement during processing. The grinding wheels in the processing unit are mounted on the output shaft of a permanent magnet motor, and the tail of the permanent magnet motor is rotatably connected to a cylinder liner via a guide pin. This allows one end of the permanent magnet motor's output shaft to move and adjust along the straight groove of the cylinder liner. The cylinder liner can be rotated and finely adjusted under the drive of a fine-tuning motor, ensuring that the straight groove of the cylinder liner is always perpendicular to the grinding surface. This allows the energy dissipation plates arranged inside the cylinder liner to absorb the high-frequency vibrations generated by the permanent magnet motor during processing, effectively preventing the grinding wheel from being affected by vibration and causing machining accuracy errors. The damping guide cylinder further limits the working amplitude of the permanent magnet motor. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the processing unit in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the permanent magnet motor in this invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cylinder liner structure in this invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the shock-absorbing guide cylinder in this invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the energy dissipation plate in this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Machine tool base; 11. Cross slide; 12. Slide plate; 13. Workpiece fixture; 14. Material tray; 15. Slide rail seat; 16. Transfer plate; 17. Tool magazine base; 18. Grinding wheel gripper; 2. Fixed column frame; 21. Sliding seat; 22. Robot arm; 23. Workpiece measuring probe; 3. Machining unit; 31. Spindle seat; 32. Cylinder liner; 33. Permanent magnet motor; 34. Guide pin; 35. Straight slot; 36. Driven gear; 37. Fine-tuning motor; 4. Energy dissipation plate; 41. Elastic plate; 42. Wedge groove; 43. Electromagnetic coil; 5. Vibration damping guide cylinder; 51. Piston rod; 52. Rubber pad; 53. Shaft piston rod; 54. Guide hole; 55. Main coil; 56. Microflow orifice; 57. One-way valve sleeve; 58. Secondary coil. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Please see Figures 1-8 In this embodiment of the invention, a five-axis intelligent control surface precision grinding center includes a machine tool base 1, a cross slide 11, a slide plate 12, a workpiece fixture 13, and a fixed column frame 2. The cross slide 11 is mounted on the middle of the upper end face of the machine tool base 1. The slide plate 12 is slidably mounted on the cross slide 11. The workpiece fixture 13 is mounted on the upper end face of the slide plate 12, and a tool spindle is coaxially rotatably mounted on one end of the workpiece fixture 13. The workpiece can be clamped on the tool spindle concentrically, thereby realizing the precision grinding of the workpiece surface.

[0032] The fixed column 2 is vertically fixed to the upper end face of the machine tool base 1 and located on one side of the cross slide table 11. A sliding seat 21 is vertically slidably mounted on the fixed column 2. A processing unit 3 is rotatably connected below the sliding seat 21. A grinding wheel is detachably mounted on the processing unit 3.

[0033] In this embodiment, a material tray 14 is also installed on the upper end face of the workpiece fixture 13. The material tray 14 has multiple material holes distributed on it, and the material holes on the material tray 14 can hold workpieces. Workpieces of different specifications are universal. A single material tray 41 is set to a batch of 54 pieces for medium batch processing, which can prevent tungsten powder deposition from affecting the accuracy of the cutting tool. A robot arm 22 is installed on the side of the fixed column frame 2 near the material tray 14, which can realize automated loading and unloading, which is flexible and efficient and can carry out unmanned production.

[0034] The processing unit 3 is equipped with a workpiece measuring probe 23 on the side near the material tray 14. It is mainly used for online rapid positioning of the workpiece, measuring and correcting workpiece parameters during tool processing, and ensuring the quality of tool processing.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, a slide rail seat 15 is fixed to the upper end face of the machine tool base 1 adjacent to the fixed column frame 2, and the slide rail seat 15 is arranged opposite to the slide plate 12. A transfer plate 16 is horizontally slidably installed on the slide rail seat 15, and a tool magazine base 17 is rotatably connected to the upper end face of the transfer plate 16. Multiple grinding wheel chucks 18 are vertically fixed on the tool magazine base 17, and different specifications of grinding wheels are placed on each of the grinding wheel chucks 18 to facilitate automatic replacement of grinding wheels in the machine. The maximum diameter of the grinding wheel can reach 125mm.

[0036] In this embodiment, the processing unit 3 includes a spindle seat 31 with an installation groove in the center of its interior. A cylinder liner 32 is rotatably assembled in the installation groove. A permanent magnet motor 33 is installed in the cylinder liner 32. The grinding wheel is installed on the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 33.

[0037] Two guide pins 34 are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the outer side wall of the permanent magnet motor 33, and a positioning groove is provided on the inner wall of the cylinder liner 32. The guide pins 34 are rotatably inserted into the positioning groove.

[0038] In this embodiment, the end of the cylinder liner 32 is provided with a straight groove 35 structure, and the deflection angle of the permanent magnet motor 33 is less than 12°.

[0039] In traditional grinding lathes, the grinding wheel motor is fixed on the rotary table mounting base of the column. While this achieves rigid fixation of the grinding wheel and ensures machining stability, it also causes vibrations generated during grinding to be directly transmitted to the entire bed and workpiece without any retention. These vibrations are the root cause of chatter marks and dimensional deviations on the machined surface. Traditional methods can only "harden" the vibration by increasing the rigidity of the bed, but cannot "absorb" or "eliminate" the vibration at its source or along its path. In this invention, the tail of the permanent magnet motor 33 is rotatably mounted in the cylinder liner 32 via a guide pin 34. This allows the machining end of the permanent magnet motor 33 to move along the straight groove 35 of the cylinder liner 32, achieving flexible fixation of the permanent magnet motor 33. By configuring an energy dissipation plate 4 in the straight groove 35, the vibration of the permanent magnet motor 33 body during machining can be absorbed and eliminated. This effectively absorbs and eliminates most of the vibration energy transmitted to the cylinder liner and even the entire bed, thereby ensuring the stability of the contact point between the grinding wheel and the workpiece and achieving high-precision grinding.

[0040] In this embodiment, a driven gear 36 is coaxially fixed to the outside of the cylinder liner 32, and a fine-tuning motor 37 is provided outside the main shaft seat 31. The output end of the fine-tuning motor 37 is connected to the driven gear through gear meshing.

[0041] Multiple energy dissipation plates 4 are arranged and fixed inside the cylinder liner 32, and one end of the energy dissipation plate 4 contacts the outer wall of the permanent magnet motor 33.

[0042] In this process, the fine-tuning motor 37 mainly adjusts the direction of the cylinder liner 32 through the driven gear 36 during operation, so that the straight groove 35 of the cylinder liner 32 is always perpendicular to the workpiece surface. This setting ensures that when the grinding wheel on the permanent magnet motor 33 contacts the workpiece, each energy dissipation plate 4 can intervene and absorb vibration. During machining, the cutting force forces the machining end of the permanent magnet motor 33 to have a slight displacement tendency within the straight groove 35, thereby compressing the energy dissipation plate 4 on its movement path more forcefully. The greater the cutting force, the stronger the vibration, the more severe the deformation of the energy dissipation plate 4, and the stronger the reaction force and energy dissipation effect, thus achieving adaptive vibration absorption. In addition, with this setting, the energy dissipation plate 4 can also be used as a heat sink, providing a certain degree of heat dissipation for the main body of the permanent magnet motor 33.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the energy dissipation plate 4 has a U-shaped cross-section with a diagonal bend in the middle. The two ends of the energy dissipation plate 4 are set as connecting sections, and the section between the connecting section and the diagonal bend is a support section. This structure prevents the energy dissipation plate 4 from deforming only to one side when it deforms, which greatly improves the support stability and enhances the service life. It ensures that a stable and consistent damping force is provided with each compression. Each of the two support sections of the energy dissipation plate 4 is provided with a wedge-shaped groove 42, and an elastic plate 41 is sealed between two adjacent energy dissipation plates 4 through the wedge-shaped groove 42.

[0044] The elastic plate 41 and the support section of the energy dissipation plate 4 are combined to form a volume cavity. Sealing grids (not shown in the figure) are installed at both ends of the volume cavity. They are set as soft elastic-plastic structures and can seal the two ends of the volume cavity. The volume cavity is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The deformation of the energy dissipation plate 4 mainly occurs in its support section. By configuring the elastic plate 41 in the support section, the elastic plate 41 can further provide elastic support to the support section, while ensuring the maximum safe deformation of the energy dissipation plate 4. The magnetorheological fluid in the volume cavity can act as flow damping.

[0045] In this embodiment, multiple electromagnetic coils 43 are arranged on the elastic plate 41, and a plastic sleeve (not shown in the figure) is connected between the elastic plates 41 to ensure the sealing of the magnetorheological fluid flow. The electromagnetic coils 43 are wound between two elastic plates 41 through the plastic sleeve. In particular, the electromagnetic coils 43 can form an external magnetic field after being energized, thereby increasing the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid in the volume cavity and reaching a near-solid state. The multiple electromagnetic coils 43 can solidify the magnetorheological fluid in multiple places in the volume cavity, thereby causing a qualitative change in the entire magnetorheological fluid due to the quantitative change. Therefore, during processing, after the external sensor detects a specific frequency signal at the initial stage of flutter, the control system can apply an alternating magnetic field that is opposite to the vibration frequency, so that the damping force changes dynamically and actively "counteracts" the accumulation of flutter energy, thereby suppressing or even eliminating flutter and achieving high efficiency and stable operation.

[0046] In this embodiment, the cylinder liner 32 is provided with an installation hole on the side wall above the straight groove 35 and close to the output end of the permanent magnet motor 33. A shock-absorbing guide cylinder 5 is vertically fixed in the installation hole. A piston rod 51 is vertically slidably connected in the shock-absorbing guide cylinder 5. The lower end of the piston rod 51 is in contact with the permanent magnet motor 33 through a rubber pad 52.

[0047] The shock-absorbing guide cylinder 5 is also slidably connected to a piston rod 53, and a spring is sleeved on the piston rod 53;

[0048] The shock-absorbing guide cylinder 5 is provided with a partition layer, and a guide hole 54 is opened in the middle of the partition layer. The space between the shaft plug rod 53 and the piston rod 51 is filled with magnetorheological fluid. Specifically, when the permanent magnet motor 33 generates main body vibration during processing, the piston rod 51 can slide along the shock-absorbing guide cylinder 5. At this time, the magnetorheological fluid flows along the partition layer, and the shaft plug rod 53 slides accordingly, causing the spring outside it to be gradually compressed.

[0049] In this embodiment, a main coil 55 is embedded in the guide hole 54 of the separator layer. The main coil 55 can change the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid in the guide hole 54 after being energized, so that the magnetorheological fluid cannot flow through the guide hole 54 after being energized. At this time, neither the piston rod 53 nor the piston rod 51 will have sliding displacement. Therefore, on the one hand, by pre-setting the displacement threshold, when the displacement sensor detects that the sliding amount of the piston rod 51 is close to the displacement threshold, the main coil 55 is energized to stop the piston rod 51, thereby effectively limiting the amplitude of the permanent magnet motor 33 and keeping it within the effective deformation and energy dissipation range of the energy dissipation plate 4. On the other hand, the main coil 55 can also control the piston rod 51 during high-frequency switching between energization and de-energization. The stagnant effect minimizes the vibration impact during the initial contact of the grinding wheel. Multiple micro-holes 56 are circumferentially distributed within the separator layer, each containing a slidable one-way valve sleeve 57. This allows the magnetorheological fluid above the separator layer to flow unidirectionally downwards, resulting in different flow areas for upward and downward flow (larger flow area for downward flow). When the piston rod 51 slides back to its original position, the magnetorheological fluid simultaneously flows downwards through the micro-holes 56 and guide holes 54, achieving an asymmetric damping effect. This creates an alternating energy absorption effect with the vibration of the permanent magnet motor 33. Each micro-hole 56 is equipped with a secondary coil 58 to further adjust the flow rate of the magnetorheological fluid within it.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A five-axis intelligent control curved surface precision grinding center, comprising a machine tool base (1), a cross slide (11), a drag board (12), a workpiece clamp (13) and a fixed column frame (2); characterized in that: The cross slide (11) is assembled in the middle of the upper end surface of the machine tool base (1), the sliding plate (12) is slidingly installed on the cross slide (11), the workpiece clamp (13) is installed on the upper end surface of the sliding plate (12), and one end of the workpiece clamp (13) is coaxially and rotatably installed with a tool spindle; The fixed column frame (2) is vertically fixed on the upper end surface of the machine tool base (1) and located on one side of the cross slide (11), the sliding seat (21) is vertically and slidingly assembled on the fixed column frame (2), the machining unit (3) is rotatably connected below the sliding seat (21), and the grinding wheel is detachably assembled on the machining unit (3); The machining unit (3) comprises a spindle seat (31), an installation slot is formed in the center of the spindle seat (31), a cylinder sleeve (32) is rotatably assembled in the installation slot, a permanent magnet motor (33) is installed in the cylinder sleeve (32), and the grinding wheel is installed on the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor (33); Two guide pins (34) are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the outer side wall of the permanent magnet motor (33), and a positioning groove is formed in the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve (32), and the guide pins (34) are rotatably inserted into the positioning groove; The end of the cylinder sleeve (32) is formed into a straight slot opening (35) structure, and the deflection angle of the permanent magnet motor (33) is less than 12°; A plurality of energy dissipation plates (4) are fixedly arranged in the cylinder sleeve (32), and one end of the energy dissipation plate (4) is in contact with the outer wall of the permanent magnet motor (33); The cross section of the energy dissipation plate (4) is in the shape of a Chinese character 'n', wedge-shaped grooves (42) are arranged on the side walls of the two supporting sections of each energy dissipation plate (4), and elastic plates (41) are sealingly assembled between the adjacent two energy dissipation plates (4) through the wedge-shaped grooves (42); The elastic plate (41) and the supporting section of the energy dissipation plate (4) combine to form a volume cavity, sealing gratings are respectively installed at the two ends of the volume cavity, and the volume cavity is filled with a magnetorheological fluid; An installation hole is formed in the side wall above the straight slot opening (35) and close to the output end of the permanent magnet motor (33), a damping guide cylinder (5) is vertically fixed in the installation hole, a piston rod (51) is vertically and slidingly connected in the damping guide cylinder (5), and the lower end of the piston rod (51) is in contact with the permanent magnet motor (33) through a rubber pad (52); An axle plug rod (53) is also slidingly connected in the damping guide cylinder (5), and a spring is sleeved on the axle plug rod (53); A partition layer is arranged in the damping guide cylinder (5), a guide hole (54) is formed in the middle of the partition layer, and the axle plug rod (53) and the piston rod (51) are filled with the magnetorheological fluid.

2. The five-axis intelligent control curved surface precision grinding center according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material tray (14) is also installed on the upper end surface of the workpiece clamp (13), a plurality of material holes are distributed on the material tray (14), and a mechanical hand (22) is installed on one side of the fixed column frame (2) close to the material tray (14); A workpiece measurement probe (23) is installed on one side of the machining unit (3) close to the material tray (14).

3. The five-axis intelligent control curved surface precision grinding center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end surface of the machine tool base (1) is adjacent to the fixed column frame (2) and is also fixed with a slide rail seat (15), and the slide rail seat (15) is arranged opposite to the sliding plate (12), a moving plate (16) is horizontally slidably installed on the slide rail seat (15), the upper end surface of the moving plate (16) is rotatably connected with a tool magazine base (17), a plurality of grinding wheel clamping jaws (18) are vertically fixed on the tool magazine base (17), and different specification grinding wheels are respectively placed on each grinding wheel clamping jaw (18).

4. The five-axis intelligent control curved surface precision grinding center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder sleeve (32) is coaxially fixed with a driven tooth (36), the main shaft seat (31) is provided with a fine adjustment motor (37) outside, and the output end of the fine adjustment motor (37) is connected and driven with the driven tooth through gear meshing.

5. The five-axis intelligent control curved surface precision grinding center according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of electromagnetic coils (43) are arranged and distributed on the elastic plates (41), and the elastic plates (41) are connected through the plastic encapsulation rubber sleeve, and the electromagnetic coils (43) are connected between the two elastic plates (41) through the plastic encapsulation rubber sleeve.

6. The five-axis intelligent control curved surface precision grinding center according to claim 1, characterized in that: A main coil (55) is embedded and arranged at the guide hole (54) in the separation layer, a plurality of micro flow holes (56) are circumferentially distributed in the separation layer, a one-way valve sleeve (57) is slidably installed in the micro flow hole (56); a secondary coil (58) is arranged at each micro flow hole (56).

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