Compound fertilizer for improving utilization rate of nutrient elements and preparation method of compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer manufacturing. The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of a nitrogen source, 5-20 parts of a phosphorus source, 10-25 parts of a potassium source, 3-15 parts of a synergist, 1-5 parts of medium trace elements, 2-8 parts of a coating material and 8-15 parts of a plant growth promoter. The plant growth promoter is a specific deuterated benzene ring derivative and has the structural characteristics as shown in formula 1. The preparation method comprises the processes of raw material mixing and crushing, microbial pre-fermentation, coating liquid granulation, fluidized bed coating and the like. Through chelation of humic acid, activation of a microbial agent and synergism of a deuterated molecular structure, the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is increased to 1.5 times or more of that of a conventional fertilizer, field tests show that the yield of purple cabbage can reach 4083 kg / mu, the yield is increased by 31.4% compared with that of a traditional compound fertilizer, meanwhile, the soil microbial environment is improved, and intelligent slow release of nutrients is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of compound fertilizer manufacturing, in particular to a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern agricultural production, compound fertilizer has become an important agricultural product in the growth process of crops due to its advantages of complete types of nutrient elements and easy application. However, there are many problems in the practical application of traditional compound fertilizer that need to be solved.

[0003] Although the compound fertilizer on the market can provide the basic nutrient elements required for crop growth, the nutrient utilization rate is generally low, and the absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other main nutrient elements is usually less than 30%-50%. On the one hand, after the fertilizer is applied to the soil, affected by complex factors such as soil texture, pH, microbial environment, etc., part of the nutrients is easily fixed by the soil and converted into a form that is difficult for plants to absorb and utilize. On the other hand, traditional compound fertilizer lacks effective synergistic components and cannot effectively regulate the soil environment to promote the absorption of nutrients by plant roots.

[0004] In addition, the formula of traditional compound fertilizer is relatively simple and cannot meet the individualized nutrient needs of different regions, different crop types and different growth stages. In the production process, some compound fertilizers select raw materials with low purity and high impurity content in order to reduce costs. These impurities may cause soil compaction, salinization and other problems after entering the soil, which damages the soil ecological environment and further affects the growth and yield of crops. In terms of nutrient release characteristics, traditional compound fertilizer is mostly quick-acting, and the release speed of nutrients is difficult to accurately match the growth needs of crops. During the slow growth period, nutrients are easily lost and pollute the environment, and during the growth peak period, sufficient nutrients may not be supplied in time.

[0005] In view of these drawbacks of traditional compound fertilizer, the market urgently needs a new type of compound fertilizer that can significantly improve the utilization rate of nutrient elements, balance the supply of nutrients, improve the soil environment and has intelligent controlled release function, in order to meet the needs of sustainable development of modern agriculture. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems in the prior art. This compound fertilizer overcomes the defects of traditional compound fertilizer such as low nutrient utilization rate, poor soil adaptability, lack of synergistic components and inability to make plants grow rapidly by optimizing the formula and improving the process.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements, comprising the following components in mass ratio: 10-30 parts of a nitrogen source, 5-20 parts of a phosphorus source, 10-25 parts of a potassium source, 3-15 parts of a synergist, 1-5 parts of trace elements, 2-8 parts of a coating material, and 8-15 parts of a plant growth promoter; The synergist is a mixture of humic acid, amino acid and microbial agent, wherein the humic acid accounts for 40-60 parts of the total weight of the synergist, the amino acid accounts for 20-30 parts, and the microbial agent accounts for 10-30 parts. The plant growth promoter is a structure shown in Formula 1: Formula 1; R1 is selected from halogen, amino, alkoxy with carbon atom number of 1-5, alkyl with carbon atom number of 1-5, halogenated alkoxy with carbon atom number of 1-5, and halogenated alkyl with carbon atom number of 1-5. R2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium. n is selected from 5.

[0008] Further, the structure of Formula 1 is selected from Formula 2 or Formula 3: Formula 2; Formula 3.

[0009] Further, the plant growth promoter is selected from the following structures: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; D represents deuterium.

[0010] Further, the synthesis method of the plant growth promoter is: ; In the first step, raw material 1 and raw material 2 are subjected to esterification reaction to generate intermediate 1. In the second step, intermediate 1 and raw material 2 are subjected to Buchwald-Hartwig aryl amination reaction to generate the plant growth promoter.

[0011] Further, the nitrogen source is selected from at least one of urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate.

[0012] Further, the phosphorus source is selected from at least one of monammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and calcium superphosphate.

[0013] Further, the potassium source is selected from at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, and potassium nitrate.

[0014] Further, the microelement is a compound containing iron, zinc, and boron.

[0015] Further, the coating material is polyacrylate or polyvinyl alcohol.

[0016] Further, the amino acid is a mixture of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lysine, with a mass ratio of (2-3):1:1.

[0017] Further, the microbial agent is at least two of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus mycoides, with an effective viable bacterial count of ≥5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0018] Further, the microelement is a mixture of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, and borax, with a mass ratio of (1-2):(1-2):1.

[0019] A preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements, comprising the following steps: S1. uniformly mixing the nitrogen source, phosphorus source, potassium source, microelement, and plant growth promoter, and crushing to 80-120 mesh; S2. adding the synergist and coating material to the mixture of S1, and stirring and reacting at 50-70°C for 30-60 minutes; S3. granulating the material obtained in step S2, with a particle size of 2-4 mm; S4. drying the granules at 40-60°C to a water content of ≤3%, to obtain a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements.

[0020] Further, the microbial agent of the synergist in S2 needs to be pre-fermented with humic acid at 35-40°C for 48-72 hours, with a fermentation pH value of 6.5-7.5.

[0021] Further, the coating material is dissolved in an organic solvent to form a 5-10% coating liquid, and the granules are coated using a fluidized bed coating process after granulation.

[0022] Further, air is introduced during the fermentation process, with an air flow of 0.5-1.0 m3 / h and a stirring speed of 100-200 rpm.

[0023] The compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements belongs to organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer, and the preparation method belongs to the manufacturing of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer.

[0024] The synergist comprises microorganisms and organic matter, and the compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements comprises inorganic and organic matter, and thus belongs to the field of manufacturing organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer.

[0025] The plant growth promoter comprises a mother nucleus shown in formula 1. The benzene ring structure provides a stable hydrophobic center, enhances the affinity of the molecule to the lipid of the plant cell membrane, and promotes the transmembrane transport. The substituent groups are polar groups such as halogen, amino and alkoxy, which can adjust the polarity and hydrogen bond capacity of the molecule. For example, halogen substitution can enhance the electronic effect and improve the stability of the molecule; amino substitution can form a salt bridge with the phosphate group to promote signal transduction; alkoxy substitution can enhance the membrane permeability through hydrophobic interaction. The vibration frequency of the deuterium-carbon bond is lower than that of the ordinary C-H bond, which can reduce the recognition efficiency of the molecule by metabolic enzymes, thereby prolonging the half-life. The electron cloud distribution and steric hindrance of the mother nucleus are regulated by the substituent groups, so that the selective activation of the plant auxin or cytokinin receptor is realized.

[0026] The humic acid stabilizes the trace elements (Fe 2+ / Zn 2+ ) through chelation, and the surfactant property thereof promotes the diffusion of the promoter molecules in the rhizosphere. Amino acids stimulate the proliferation of microbial inoculants as carbon and nitrogen sources, and form a hydrogen bond network with the amino groups of the promoter, thereby enhancing the directional transport of the molecule. The ACC deaminase secreted by the microbial inoculants can degrade the ethylene precursor, thereby relieving the possible plant stress response induced by the promoter. The polyacrylate coating forms a pH-responsive slow-release system in the soil: when organic acids are secreted in the rhizosphere, the coating dissolves and releases the promoter, and the release kinetics thereof is synchronized with the plant nutrient requirement cycle. The carboxyl groups in the coating material form ionic bonds with the plant growth promoter, thereby preventing premature degradation thereof. Ferrous sulfate can act as a cofactor of the promoter, activate the plant ferredoxin reductase, and accelerate the synthesis of chlorophyll induced by the promoter. The deuterium structure in the plant growth promoter improves the stability of the molecule in a strong light environment, and especially maintains the sustained activity in high-temperature and drought regions.

[0027] The three-in-one molecular design of the rigid mother nucleus-functioning substituent group-deuterium modification realizes the precise regulation of the plant nutrient absorption pathway, and forms a multi-level synergistic network with other components of the compound fertilizer. The absence of the design will lead to a systematic decline in slow-release efficiency, signal transduction specificity and stress resistance, so that the utilization rate of nutrient elements cannot break through the bottleneck of the prior art.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the plant growth promoter has the beneficial effects that: 1. Significantly improve the utilization rate of nutrient elements: By adding synergistic agents (a mixture of humic acid, amino acids and microbial agents) and plant growth promoters, the compound fertilizer of the present application can effectively regulate the soil environment and enhance the absorption capacity of plant roots to nutrient elements. Among them, the humic acid in the synergistic agent can chelate trace elements to prevent them from being fixed by the soil; amino acids provide carbon and nitrogen sources for microorganisms to promote their proliferation; the microbial agents secrete deaminases to alleviate plant stress response. Plant growth promoters enhance the transmembrane transport of nutrients through interaction with plant cell membrane lipids. The synergistic effect of these components significantly improves the utilization rate of main nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, breaking through the technical bottleneck of low nutrient utilization rate of traditional compound fertilizer.

[0029] 2. Improve soil environment and enhance soil adaptability: The formula of the compound fertilizer of the present application adds trace elements (such as iron, zinc, boron) and microbial agents. Trace elements can supplement the lack of nutrients in the soil and improve the fertility of the soil; microbial agents form beneficial bacteria in the soil, regulate the soil microbial environment, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, thereby reducing soil compaction and salinization and other problems. In addition, the coating material forms a pH-responsive slow-release system in the soil, which can intelligently release nutrients according to the needs of plant growth, avoiding soil pollution and nutrient loss caused by the rapid release of nutrients in traditional compound fertilizers, achieving precise supply of nutrients, and enhancing the adaptability of compound fertilizer to different soil conditions.

[0030] 3. Promote plant growth and improve crop yield and quality: The deuterium structure and functional substituent design in the plant growth promoter make it stable in harsh environments such as strong light and high temperature drought, continuously activate plant auxin or cytokinin receptors, and promote plant cell division and elongation. At the same time, microbial agents and amino acids and other components work together to provide a good soil environment and nutritional support for plant growth. Field test results show that the plant height and yield of crops using the compound fertilizer of the present application are significantly higher than those of conventional compound fertilizer and the blank control group, among which the yield of purple cabbage of Example 8 reached 4083 kg / acre, which is more than 30% higher than that of the conventional control group (3107 kg / acre). This fully proves the significant effect of the compound fertilizer of the present application in promoting plant growth, improving crop yield and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 HNMR chart of the plant growth promoter 1 prepared in Synthesis Example 1 of the present application. 1 HNMR chart.

[0032] Figure 2 Synthesis steps of the plant growth promoter described in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of plant growth regulator 1: ; First step: under the atmosphere of nitrogen, 20g of raw material 1, 15.27g of raw material 2 and 200g of tetrahydrofuran were sequentially added into the reaction system, and after stirring until clear, 3.56g of concentrated sulfuric acid was slowly added dropwise, and the temperature was increased to 70℃, and the reaction was carried out for 6h. After the reaction was completed, 500ml of water at 0℃ was slowly added into the reaction system, and after oscillation and standing for separation, the organic phase was retained. The organic phase was adjusted to neutral pH with 5% NaHCO3 aqueous solution, and then separated again, and after rotary evaporation, it was passed through a silica gel column, and finally rotary evaporation was performed to obtain 23.33g of intermediate 1. MS [MS+1]: 433.

[0035] Second step: under the atmosphere of nitrogen, 23.33g of intermediate 1, 22.54g of raw material 3, 10.37g of sodium tert-butoxide, 0.5g of tri-tert-butyl phosphine, 250g of toluene were sequentially added into the reaction system, and after stirring uniformly, 0.5g of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium was added, and the stirring was continued, and the temperature was increased to 100℃ and refluxed for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the temperature was slightly reduced, and silica gel was used for filtration to remove the salt and catalyst. After the filtrate was cooled to room temperature, it was washed with water three times, and the organic phase was retained. Then, the water phase was extracted with toluene, and after the organic phases were combined, anhydrous magnesium sulfate was used for drying, rotary evaporation was performed, and a silica gel column was passed, and finally rotary evaporation was performed to obtain 30.80g of plant growth regulator 1. MS [MS+1]: 700.

[0036] The CAS registration number of raw material 1 in the synthesis process in Synthesis Example 1 in the SciFinder database (https: / / scifinder-n.cas.org / ) is: 76714-43-7, and the CAS registration number of raw material 2 is: 87-51-4.

[0037] Synthesis of plant growth regulator 1 1HNMR (deuterated chloroform): δ 8.32 (d, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 7.93-7.86 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.48-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.04 (m, 3H), 6.77 (d, 1H), 6.30 (p, 1H), 5.14 (m, 1H), 4.85 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.06 (dd, 1H), 2.80 (dd, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 9H).

[0038] Synthesis Examples 2-8 The plant growth regulators prepared in Synthesis Examples 2-8 were prepared by referring to the synthesis method of Synthesis Example 1, only changing raw material 1 and raw material 2 therein, and the rest being consistent with Synthesis Example 1. The specific structure of raw material 1, the structure of raw material 2, the structure of the plant growth regulator, and the MS [MS+1] data are shown in the following table.

[0039]

[0040] Example 1 Preparation of a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements: S1. Mix the nitrogen source, phosphorus source, potassium source, microelement and plant growth promoter uniformly, and crush to 120 mesh; S2. Add the synergist and coating material to the mixture of S1, and stir at 70°C for 60 minutes; S3. Granulate the material obtained in step S2, and the particle size of the granules is 4 mm; S4. Dry the granules at 60°C to a water content of ≤3%, to obtain a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements.

[0041] The microbial agent of the synergist in S2 needs to be pre-fermented with humic acid at 40°C for 72 hours, the fermentation pH value is 7, and air is introduced during the fermentation process, the air flow is 1.0 m 3 / h, and the stirring speed is 150 rpm.

[0042] The coating material is dissolved in ethanol to form a 10% coating liquid, and after granulation, fluidized bed coating process is used for coating.

[0043] The nitrogen source is selected from urea; the phosphorus source is selected from monammonium phosphate; the potassium source is selected from potassium sulfate; the microelement is a mixture of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax with a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the coating material is polyacrylate; the synergist is a mixture of humic acid, amino acid and microbial agent, wherein the humic acid accounts for 60 parts of the total weight of the synergist, the amino acid accounts for 30 parts, and the microbial agent accounts for 20 parts; the amino acid is a mixture of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine with a mass ratio of 2:1:1; the microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with a mass ratio of 1:1, and the effective viable bacterial count is ≥5×10 8 CFU / g; and the plant growth promoter is prepared in Synthesis Example 1.

[0044] The nitrogen source is 30 parts, the phosphorus source is 20 parts, the potassium source is 25 parts, the synergist is 10 parts, the microelement is 3 parts, the coating material is 3 parts, and the plant growth promoter is 15 parts.

[0045] Examples 2-8 A compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements is prepared according to the preparation method of Example 1, wherein the plant growth promoter is replaced by Synthesis Examples 2-8 in turn, and the rest remains the same as Example 1.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 A compound fertilizer is prepared according to the preparation method of Example 1, wherein the plant growth promoter is replaced by Comparative Compound 1 in turn, and the rest remains the same as Example 1.

[0047] The structure of Comparative Compound 1 is: .

[0048] Comparative Example 2 A compound fertilizer is prepared according to the preparation method of Example 1, wherein the plant growth promoter is replaced by Comparative Compound 2 in turn, and the rest remains the same as Example 1.

[0049] The structure of Comparative Compound 2 is: .

[0050] Performance test of the compound fertilizers of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2: Field tests are carried out using the compound fertilizers of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2, as follows: an agricultural demonstration garden is used as a greenhouse test area; the soil conditions of the agricultural demonstration garden used as the greenhouse test area have an organic matter content of 20.34 g / kg, an alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of 84.51 mg / kg, a total nitrogen content of 0.84 g / kg, an available phosphorus content of 27.41 mg / kg, and an available potassium content of 145.17 mg / kg. The greenhouse is randomly divided into 5 groups, each group being separated by more than 1 m, and purple cabbage 85 is used as the test purple cabbage variety.

[0051] Among them, the compound fertilizers of Example 1-Example 8, Comparative Example 1-Comparative Example 2 are used as base fertilizer, the conventional control group uses the compound fertilizer obtained by mixing urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride in a mass ratio of 8:2:1 as base fertilizer, and the blank control group does not apply any fertilizer. Each group applies the corresponding compound fertilizer into the soil according to 30 kg / acre of superphosphate content. Other pest and disease management is consistent. After harvesting, the plant height and yield of each group of obtained cabbage are counted or calculated. The data is shown in the table below.

[0052]

[0053] The effects of different example compound fertilizers on the growth of purple cabbage, wherein the plant height of Example 1-8 is distributed in the interval of 24.8-30.2 cm, and the yield is 3289-4083 kg / acre; the plant height of Comparative Example 1-2 is 23.8 cm and 24.1 cm respectively, and the yield is 3156 kg / acre and 3209 kg / acre; the plant height of the conventional control group (urea+superphosphate+potassium chloride) is 23.5 cm, and the yield is 3107 kg / acre, and the plant height of the blank control group without fertilization treatment is only 19.4 cm, and the yield is 1952 kg / acre. All experimental groups are based on the same fertilizer amount (30 kg / acre of superphosphate content), and the basic soil fertility of the test soil is organic matter 20.34 g / kg and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 84.51 mg / kg.

[0054] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements, characterized by comprising: Comprise the following mass ratio components: nitrogen source 10-30 parts, phosphorus source 5-20 parts, potassium source 10-25 parts, synergist 3-15 parts, trace elements 1-5 parts, coating material 2-8 parts, plant growth promoter 8-15 parts; The synergist is a mixture of humic acid, amino acid and microbial agent, wherein the humic acid accounts for 40-60 parts of the total weight of the synergist, the amino acid accounts for 20-30 parts, and the microbial agent accounts for 10-30 parts; The plant growth promoter is a structure shown in formula 1: Formula 1; R1 is selected from halogen, amino, alkoxy with carbon atom number of 1-5, alkyl with carbon atom number of 1-5, halogenated alkoxy with carbon atom number of 1-5, halogenated alkyl with carbon atom number of 1-5; R2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium; n is selected from 5.

2. The compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant growth promoter is selected from the following structure: ； ； ； ； ； ； ； ； D represents deuterium.

3. The compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen source is selected from at least one of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate; The phosphorus source is selected from at least one of monopotassium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate; The potassium source is selected from at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate.

4. The compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trace element is a compound containing iron, zinc and boron; The coating material is polyacrylate or polyvinyl alcohol.

5. The compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amino acid is a mixture of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine with a mass ratio of (2-3):1:1; The microbial agent is at least two of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mycoides, and the effective viable cell count is ≥ 5 x 10 8 CFU / g.

6. The compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trace element is a mixture of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax with a mass ratio of (1-2):(1-2):

1.

7. The method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of the nutritional elements according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: S1. Mix the nitrogen source, phosphorus source, potassium source, trace element and plant growth promoter uniformly, and crush to 80-120 mesh; S2. Add the synergist and coating material to the mixture of S1, and stir at 50-70℃ for 30-60 minutes; S3. Granulate the material obtained in step S2, and the particle size is 2-4 mm; S4. Dry the granules at 40-60℃ to a water content of ≤3%, to obtain a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutritional elements.

8. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements according to claim 7, characterized in that, The microbial agent of the synergist in S2 needs to be pre-fermented with humic acid at 35-40℃ for 48-72 hours, and the fermentation pH value is 6.5-7.

5.

9. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements according to claim 7, characterized in that, The coating material is dissolved in an organic solvent to form a coating liquid with a concentration of 5-10%, and then the granules are coated by fluidized bed coating process.

10. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving the utilization rate of nutrient elements according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fermentation process is carried out with air being introduced at a rate of 0.5-1.0 m 3 / h, and the stirring speed is 100-200 rpm.

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