Heat compensation method during blast furnace forward operation abnormity

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat compensation method during blast furnace normal operation abnormity, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring blast furnace data, judging whether the blast furnace gas flow temperature is abnormal or not, and if the temperature is abnormal, calculating the heat required to be compensated; according to the blast furnace data, whether blast furnace burden descending is abnormal or not is judged, and if the burden descending is abnormal, heat needing to be compensated is calculated; the total heat needing to be compensated is calculated, and then measures for compensating the heat are determined. According to the method, the heat lost by the furnace top gas temperature and the heat needing to be compensated for by abnormal descending of the furnace burden during the blast furnace forward running abnormity are calculated, the key source of heat unbalance can be accurately locked, and scientific data support is provided for subsequent compensation measures; the heat compensation mode is judged based on the coal injection quantity condition, and a reliable reference basis is provided for timely regulating and controlling heat balance in the blast furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blast furnace ironmaking technology, and specifically to a method for heat compensation when a blast furnace experiences abnormal operation. Background Technology

[0002] The blast furnace is the most important piece of equipment in the current ironmaking process. It is a large, closed, high-temperature, and high-pressure reactor with complex and variable internal physicochemical processes. It is controlled by upper charging and lower blast. The lower blast reacts with the fuel inside the furnace to form an upward-flowing gas stream, which reduces the downward-flowing iron-containing raw materials. Due to the presence of a multiphase flow (gas-solid-powder-liquid) and the complexity of the physicochemical processes, abnormalities in the upward flow of the gas stream or the downward flow of the burden frequently occur inside the blast furnace, known as abnormal blast furnace operation, such as common issues like gas stream pipe path deviation and burden slippage.

[0003] Since a blast furnace is a continuous production facility, the input and output heat must be balanced during operation to ensure continuous and stable production. The blast furnace thermal state is a crucial aspect of blast furnace regulation; it refers to the temperature level maintained during the blast furnace smelting process. When the energy input to the blast furnace exceeds the required energy, it becomes hot; conversely, it becomes cool. A suitable and stable thermal state is a condition and important indicator for the efficient and normal operation of the blast furnace.

[0004] When the blast furnace experiences abnormal operation, it often loses a certain amount of heat. For example, if the temperature of the gas flow at the top of the furnace is too high when the blast furnace gas flow pipeline is formed, it will take away too much heat. When the material slips, the furnace charge in the upper part of the blast furnace does not have enough residual heat to reach the middle and lower parts of the blast furnace. At this time, more heat needs to be input to make up for it. If the heat input is not accurate and timely enough, it may lead to a larger abnormality in the blast furnace condition.

[0005] Researchers in ironmaking have conducted studies on blast furnace energy balance and thermal status, primarily focusing on the furnace's thermal state under stable conditions, but lacking research on abnormal blast furnace operation. Blast furnace operators mainly rely on experience to estimate the additional heat required under abnormal operation. However, these methods lack theoretical basis, and due to differences in experience, the estimated additional heat is prone to inaccuracy, resulting in significant errors compared to actual needs, which is detrimental to the control of blast furnace conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a heat compensation method for abnormal blast furnace operation, aiming to obtain accurate supplementary heat values ​​for regulating blast furnace conditions.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a heat compensation method for abnormal operation of a blast furnace, the method comprising the following steps: Collect blast furnace data; Determine if the temperature of the blast furnace gas flow is abnormal; if the temperature is abnormal, calculate the heat that needs to be compensated. Determine if the downward movement of the blast furnace charge is abnormal. If the downward movement of the charge is abnormal, calculate the heat that needs to be compensated. Calculate the total heat that needs to be compensated, and then determine the measures to compensate for the heat.

[0008] According to the above plan, the method for determining the measures to compensate for heat is as follows: First, calculate the total heat that needs to be compensated. Then, calculate the corresponding increase in pulverized coal injection based on the total heat that needs to be compensated. Next, adopt different compensation methods based on the actual situation of the pulverized coal injection: find the time period closest to the current time where the furnace operation is smooth and without abnormalities, and calculate the pulverized coal injection within the time period. If the sum of the calculated pulverized coal injection and the amount of pulverized coal injection that needs to be increased does not exceed 95% of the upper limit of the pulverized coal injection equipment's capacity, then heat compensation is achieved by simply increasing the amount of pulverized coal injection. If the sum of the two exceeds 95% of the upper limit of the pulverized coal injection equipment's capacity, then the amount of pulverized coal injection is increased to 95% of the upper limit of the pulverized coal injection equipment's capacity first, and the remaining uncompensated heat is supplemented by increasing the amount of coke.

[0009] According to the above scheme, the method for determining whether the blast furnace gas temperature is abnormal is as follows: extract the temperature data of each second from all monitoring points of the gas temperature in the top riser pipe of the furnace within the most recent time period, select the maximum value Z, and compare the maximum value Z with the threshold. K Compare; when the maximum value Z is not greater than the threshold K When the maximum value Z is greater than the threshold, it is determined that no abnormal gas flow temperature has occurred within that time period; K When the time is specified, it is determined that an abnormal temperature of the gas flow has occurred within that time period.

[0010] According to the above scheme, when an abnormal gas flow temperature is detected, the heat to be compensated is calculated using formula (1): (1); In formula (1), Q T This represents the heat required to compensate for abnormal gas temperature at the furnace top, expressed in kJ. T The average gas temperature in the furnace top riser pipe over the most recent time period, in °C; M The average temperature of the gas flow from the furnace top under normal conditions over the past month, in °C; C Specific heat capacity of the top gas, kJ / (kg·K); r Density of gas at the furnace top, kg / m³ 3 ; TV The amount of gas produced, in m 3 / min; t The time for calculation.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the method for determining whether the blast furnace burden descending is abnormal is as follows: with the blast furnace probe in the lowered position, calculate the burden level difference based on the blast furnace probe data.L D That is, the depth of the furnace charge descending, when the difference L D Greater than threshold L K When the blast furnace charge downward movement is abnormal, it is determined that the blast furnace charge downward movement is abnormal; threshold L K The value range is 0.3~0.5m.

[0012] According to the above scheme, when it is determined that the furnace charge is descending abnormally, the heat that needs to be compensated is calculated using formula (2): (2); In formula (2), Q L This represents the heat required to compensate for abnormal charge flow, expressed in kJ. L D The depth of the abnormal downward movement of the furnace charge, in meters (m). C L : Specific heat of the furnace charge, kJ / (kg·K); π is the mathematical constant pi, taken as 3.14; R Let be the radius of the blast furnace throat, in meters. r L The bulk density of the furnace charge is expressed in kg / m³. 3 ; T C The temperature difference per meter of descent of the furnace charge is expressed in °C.

[0013] According to the above scheme, the required increase in pulverized coal injection corresponding to the total heat to be compensated is calculated using formula (3): (3); In formula (3), M C The required increase in pulverized coal injection volume is measured in kg. Q The amount of heat that needs to be compensated, in kJ; n c 12 g / mol is the molar mass of carbon. C C The carbon content in pulverized coal, % or The percentage of gas utilization rate is %. Q CO The heat released when 1 mol of carbon is converted into CO, in kJ / mol; Q CO2 The heat released when 1 mol of carbon in pulverized coal is converted into CO2 is expressed in kJ / mol.

[0014] According to the above plan, the formula for calculating the required increase in coke is as follows: (4) In formula (4), M IThe required increase in coke, in kg; Q Y To increase the amount of heat that needs to be compensated for after pulverized coal injection, kJ; n c 12 g / mol is the molar mass of carbon. I C The carbon content in coke, % or The percentage of gas utilization rate is %. Q CO The heat released when 1 mol of carbon is converted into CO, in kJ / mol; Q CO2 The heat released when 1 mol of carbon in pulverized coal generates CO2 is expressed in kJ / mol.

[0015] According to the above scheme, if there is an abnormality in the gas flow temperature or the abnormality in the downward flow of the furnace charge, the amount of heat that needs to be compensated for the abnormality is calculated separately, that is, the total amount of heat that needs to be compensated. If more than one abnormality occurs, the amount of heat that needs to be compensated for each abnormality is added together to obtain the total amount of heat that needs to be compensated.

[0016] According to the above plan, pulverized coal is added continuously. The calculated amount of additional pulverized coal to be added is converted and added within a set time. After 10 minutes, the furnace condition is judged again. If the furnace condition has returned to normal, the amount of pulverized coal is adjusted back to the value when the furnace condition was normal. The amount of coke added is added all at once during the blast furnace charging process.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention calculates the heat loss due to abnormal blast furnace top gas temperature and the heat required to compensate for abnormal burden descent during blast furnace operation anomalies. It accurately pinpoints the key sources of heat imbalance, providing scientific data support for subsequent compensation measures. By determining the heat compensation method based on pulverized coal injection, it provides a reliable reference for timely adjustment of the blast furnace's internal heat balance. This invention relies on clear calculation logic and judgment rules to achieve heat compensation decisions. Compared with existing technologies, it significantly reduces the subjectivity and uncertainty caused by human experience-based judgments, making the formulation of compensation measures more objective and consistent, with small errors and high accuracy compared to actual production. It effectively mitigates the impact of abnormal top gas temperature and abnormal burden descent on blast furnace operation, significantly improving the stability of blast furnace operation and reducing production losses caused by furnace condition fluctuations. This invention requires no additional detection equipment; it achieves real-time anomaly judgment and compensation scheme formulation simply through calculations of existing blast furnace operating data, lowering the implementation threshold and cost. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples, without contradiction. Additionally, the term "a plurality of" indicates two or more.

[0024] A method for heat compensation during abnormal operation of a blast furnace, the method comprising the following steps: The first step is to collect blast furnace data, including blast furnace top riser gas temperature monitoring data, blast furnace top gas generation data, blast furnace throat radius, and blast furnace probe data.

[0025] In this invention, the data collection requirements for the blast furnace top riser gas temperature include historical temperature data from at least the most recent month and current real-time temperature data. Historical temperature data only requires the average value per minute, while current real-time temperature data requires data per second within a recent period (a set time period, which can be 10 minutes). The data collection requirements for the blast furnace top gas generation rate are the average value within a recent period (a set time period, which can be 10 minutes). The blast furnace throat radius is a fixed blast furnace equipment parameter and can be directly obtained. Considering that the blast furnace typically completes a probe lowering and raising action approximately every 5 minutes, the probe data per second from the most recent 10 minutes is sufficient to meet the needs of judging the probe's action and related calculations, effectively assisting in understanding changes in the blast furnace material level. Therefore, the blast furnace probe data collection requirement is data per second from the most recent period (a set time period, which can be 10 minutes). Since the blast furnace typically lowers and raises the probe approximately every 5 minutes, the probe data per second from the most recent 10 minutes is sufficient for judgment and calculation.

[0026] The second step is to determine whether the temperature of the blast furnace gas flow is abnormal based on the blast furnace data. If the temperature is abnormal, calculate the amount of heat that needs to be compensated.

[0027] In this invention, the judgment cycle for whether the blast furnace gas flow temperature is abnormal is set to once every 10 minutes. The method for judging whether the blast furnace gas flow temperature is abnormal is as follows: there are multiple monitoring points for the gas temperature in the top riser pipe. When judging, it is necessary to extract the temperature data of each second within the most recent time period (also 10 minutes) of all monitoring points for the gas temperature in the top riser pipe, and select the maximum value Z from them. The maximum value Z is then compared with a threshold. KA comparison is made when the maximum value Z is not greater than the threshold. K When no abnormal gas flow temperature has occurred within the specified time period (i.e., the most recent 10 minutes), the heat compensation mechanism does not need to be activated; when the maximum value Z is greater than the threshold... K When an abnormal gas flow temperature is detected within a given time period (i.e., within the last 10 minutes), the heat compensation mechanism must be activated.

[0028] In this invention, the threshold K The determination is based on the average temperature of the gas flow in the furnace top riser pipe under normal conditions from historical data over the past month. M (This is closely related to the average temperature of the gas flow in the riser pipe at the furnace top), and the specific rules are as follows: If M ≤100℃, then the threshold K Set to 250℃; if 100℃ < M <150℃, then the threshold K for M The sum of 150℃ and 150℃; if M ≥150℃, then the threshold K Set to 300℃.

[0029] When an abnormal gas flow temperature is detected, the required heat compensation is calculated using formula (1): (1); In formula (1), Q T This represents the heat required to compensate for abnormal gas temperature at the furnace top, expressed in kJ. T The average gas temperature in the riser pipe at the top of the furnace within the most recent time period (i.e., the most recent 10 minutes), in °C; M The average temperature of the gas flow from the furnace top under normal conditions over the past month, in °C; C Specific heat capacity of the top gas, kJ / (kg·K); r Density of gas at the furnace top, kg / m³ 3 ; TV The amount of gas produced, in m 3 / min; t The calculation time can be 10 minutes.

[0030] The third step is to determine whether the downward movement of the blast furnace charge is abnormal based on the blast furnace data. If the downward movement of the charge is abnormal, the amount of heat that needs to be compensated is calculated.

[0031] In this invention, the abnormality of blast furnace burden descent is determined based on blast furnace probe data. The blast furnace probe follows the blast furnace charging rhythm, completing its lowering and raising actions. Therefore, abnormal burden descent can only be determined when the probe is in the lowered state (i.e., when the probe measures the burden depth). Thus, the method for determining whether the blast furnace burden descent is abnormal is: with the blast furnace probe in the lowered state, calculate the burden level difference based on the probe data. L D That is, the depth of the furnace charge descending, when the difference L D Greater than threshold L K When the blast furnace charge downward movement is abnormal, it is determined that the blast furnace charge downward movement is abnormal; threshold L K The value range is 0.3~0.5m, and the specific value needs to be determined according to the smelting intensity of the blast furnace. The greater the smelting intensity, the higher the threshold L. K The larger the value, the better.

[0032] In this invention, when the probe is in the lowered state at the current moment, the difference is calculated in two cases. L D If the probe was also in the down position 1 minute ago, then the difference is... L D The current material surface depth data measured by the probe. L 1 minus the material surface depth data measured by the probe 1 minute ago L 2; If the probe was in the raised position 1 minute ago, then the difference... L D The current material surface depth data measured by the probe. L 1 minus the material surface depth data measured at the last moment when the probe was lowered. L 3.

[0033] When an abnormal downward movement of the furnace charge is detected, the required heat compensation is calculated using formula (2): (2); In formula (2), Q L This represents the heat required to compensate for abnormal charge flow, expressed in kJ. L D The depth of the abnormal downward movement of the furnace charge, in meters (m). C L : Specific heat of the furnace charge, kJ / (kg·K); π is the mathematical constant pi, taken as 3.14; R Let be the radius of the blast furnace throat, in meters. r L The bulk density of the furnace charge is expressed in kg / m³. 3 ; T C The temperature difference per meter of descent of the furnace charge is expressed in °C.

[0034] The fourth step is to calculate the total heat that needs to be compensated, and then determine the measures to compensate for the heat.

[0035] The method for calculating the total heat to be compensated is as follows: every 10 minutes, the temperature of the blast furnace gas flow and the downward flow of the furnace charge are judged simultaneously for anomalies in the most recent 10 minutes; if there is an abnormality in the gas flow temperature or the downward flow of the furnace charge, the heat to be compensated corresponding to the abnormality must be calculated according to the methods in the second step (calculation of heat compensation for abnormal gas flow temperature) and the third step (calculation of heat compensation for abnormal downward flow of furnace charge), that is, the total heat to be compensated; if more than one abnormality occurs, the heat to be compensated corresponding to each abnormality is added together to obtain the total heat to be compensated.

[0036] Based on the recent normal pulverized coal injection rate and the calculated total heat compensation required, specific heat compensation measures are determined. The main ways to increase heat input in a blast furnace are to increase blast temperature, increase pulverized coal injection rate, and increase coke quantity. Compared to increasing coke quantity, increasing blast temperature and pulverized coal injection rate have the advantages of lower cost and faster onset of action, making these two methods more economical and effective. In practical applications, because adjusting the pulverized coal injection rate is more convenient, blast furnaces typically use the highest blast temperature, making increasing the pulverized coal injection rate the most common method for heat compensation. However, due to limitations in blast furnace equipment capacity, there is an upper limit to the increase in pulverized coal injection rate. Furthermore, considering the need to adjust by increasing the pulverized coal injection rate in emergency situations such as furnace cooling, to allow for adjustment flexibility, the blast furnace pulverized coal injection rate is generally required to be controlled below 95% of the maximum capacity of the pulverized coal injection equipment.

[0037] When the blast furnace experiences abnormal gas flow temperature or abnormal charge flow requiring heat compensation, the method for determining the heat compensation measures is as follows: First, calculate the total heat to be compensated, then use formula (3) to calculate the required increase in pulverized coal injection corresponding to the total heat to be compensated; different compensation methods are adopted according to the actual situation of the pulverized coal injection. Find the time period closest to the current time where the furnace condition is running smoothly and without any abnormalities (which can be 10 minutes, that is, 10 minutes within the 10 minutes closest to the current time where the furnace condition is running smoothly and without any abnormalities). Calculate the amount of coal injected during this time period (that is, within 10 minutes). If the sum of the calculated amount of coal injected and the calculated amount of coal injected to be increased does not exceed 95% of the upper limit of the coal injection equipment capacity, then heat compensation is achieved by simply increasing the amount of coal injected. If the sum of the two exceeds 95% of the upper limit of the coal injection equipment capacity, then the amount of coal injected is increased to 95% of the upper limit of the coal injection equipment capacity first. The remaining uncompensated heat is supplemented by increasing the amount of coke. The amount of coke to be increased is calculated using formula (4).

[0038] In this invention, since the pulverized coal is added continuously, the calculated amount of pulverized coal to be added needs to be converted and added within a set time (which can be within 10 minutes). After 10 minutes, the furnace condition is judged again. If the furnace condition has returned to normal, the amount of pulverized coal is adjusted back to the value when the furnace condition was normal. The amount of coke added is added all at once during the blast furnace charging process.

[0039] In this invention, the required increase in pulverized coal injection corresponding to the total heat to be compensated is calculated using formula (3): (3); In formula (3), M C The required increase in pulverized coal injection volume is measured in kg. Q The amount of heat that needs to be compensated, in kJ; n c [Zsm1]molc is the molar mass of carbon, 12 g / mol; C C η represents the carbon content in the pulverized coal, %; and η represents the gas utilization rate, % Q CO The heat released when 1 mol of carbon is converted into CO, in kJ / mol; Q CO2 The heat released when 1 mol of carbon in pulverized coal is converted into CO2 is expressed in kJ / mol.

[0040] In this invention, the formula for calculating the required increase in coke quantity is as follows: (4) In formula (4), M I The required increase in coke, in kg; Q Y To increase the amount of heat that needs to be compensated for after pulverized coal injection, kJ; n c 12 g / mol is the molar mass of carbon. I C The carbon content in coke, % or The percentage of gas utilization rate is %. Q CO The heat released when 1 mol of carbon is converted into CO, in kJ / mol; Q CO2 The heat released when 1 mol of carbon in pulverized coal generates CO2 is expressed in kJ / mol.

[0041] Example This embodiment applies to a 3000m... 3 To determine whether there are any abnormalities in the smooth operation of the blast furnace and to perform heat compensation, the specific method is as follows: Step 1: Collect blast furnace data, including blast furnace top riser gas temperature monitoring data, blast furnace top gas generation data, blast furnace throat radius, and blast furnace probe data.

[0042] In this embodiment, the gas temperature data in the blast furnace top riser pipe includes at least one month of historical data and current real-time data. The blast furnace has four gas temperature monitoring points in the riser pipe. Historical data only requires the average value of the four monitoring points per minute, while current real-time data requires data per second from each monitoring point for the most recent 10 minutes. The blast furnace top gas generation data also requires the average value for the most recent 10 minutes. The blast furnace throat radius is 4.5m; blast furnace probe data requires data per second for the most recent 10 minutes.

[0043] Step 2: Determine if the temperature of the blast furnace gas flow is abnormal, and calculate the heat that needs to be compensated if the temperature is abnormal.

[0044] In this embodiment, the maximum value of the gas temperature data per second for the current four furnace top riser pipes within the last 10 minutes is used. Z The temperature was 356℃, which is the average value of the gas flow temperature under normal conditions in the historical data of the most recent month. M Since the temperature is 123℃, the threshold K is 123℃ + 150℃ = 273℃. Z If the temperature exceeds the threshold K, it is considered that an abnormal gas flow temperature has occurred within the last 10 minutes. In this case, heat compensation is required. The calculation method for the heat required for compensation is shown in formula (1). Q T The value is 1.23 × 10 7 kJ, of which T The average furnace top temperature over the past 10 minutes is taken as 209℃. M The value is 123℃; C The value is 1.23 kJ / (kg·K); r The value is 1.3 kg / m³. 3 ; TV The value is 8923m 3 / min; t The value is taken over 10 minutes.

[0045] Step 3: Determine if the downward flow of the blast furnace charge is abnormal. If abnormal, calculate the heat that needs to be compensated.

[0046] In this embodiment, a judgment is made every minute. The judgment method is as follows: if the probe is in the raised state at the current moment, no judgment is made; if the probe is in the lowered state at the current moment, and if the probe was also in the lowered state one minute ago, then the difference L is obtained by subtracting the material surface depth data L2 measured by the probe one minute ago from the material surface depth data L1 measured by the current probe. DIf the probe was in the raised position 1 minute ago, then the material surface depth data measured by the current probe will be used. L1 Subtract the material surface depth data L3 measured by the probe at the last moment when the probe was lowered to obtain the difference L. D Based on this method, it was found that the probe was in the lowered position for 6 minutes out of the last 10 minutes. L D The values ​​are -0.23m, 0.08m, 0.09m, -0.25m, 0.11m, and 0.12m, respectively. This blast furnace exhibits high smelting intensity, and the threshold values... L K Taking 0.5m, we can see L in the last 10 minutes. D All are not greater than the threshold. L K Therefore, it was determined that there was no abnormality in the downward movement of the furnace charge.

[0047] Step 4: Determine measures to compensate for heat loss.

[0048] In this embodiment, the blast furnace gas flow temperature and whether there are any abnormalities in the downward flow of the burden are summarized every 10 minutes (abnormality judgment of the downward flow of the burden is performed every minute, and the blast furnace gas flow temperature and whether there are any abnormalities in the downward flow of the burden are summarized every 10 minutes; if there are abnormalities, the heat that needs to be compensated for the abnormality is accumulated and compensation measures are collected). According to the second and third steps, the accumulated heat that needs to be compensated is 1.23 × 10⁻⁶. 7 kJ, according to formula (3), the required increase in pulverized coal injection is 806 kg, of which Q The value is 1.23 × 10 7 kJ, C C Take 75% or The value is 47%. Q CO The value is 110.5 kJ / mol. Q CO2The value is 393.5 kJ / mol. The maximum capacity of the pulverized coal injection equipment in this blast furnace is 80 t / h, and 95% of the maximum capacity is 76 t / h. Ten minutes ago, the furnace condition was normal, with no abnormal operation, and the pulverized coal injection rate was 67.8 t / h. The calculated 806 kg is the amount that needs to be increased within 10 minutes, which is approximately 4.8 t / h per hour. 67.8 t / h + 4.8 t / h = 72.4 t / h < 76 t / h, so the measure taken is to increase the pulverized coal injection rate. The pulverized coal injection rate will be increased from 67.8 t / h to 72.4 t / h and maintained for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the rate will be reassessed and adjusted. If the furnace condition is normal after 10 minutes, the pulverized coal injection rate will be adjusted back to 67.8 t / h. If the pulverized coal injection rate during the most recent normal furnace condition plus the calculated increase in pulverized coal injection rate exceeds 95% of the upper limit of the coal injection equipment capacity, then the pulverized coal injection rate should first be increased to 95% of the upper limit of the pulverized coal injection equipment capacity. The remaining heat should be compensated by increasing the amount of coke. The amount of coke to be increased should be calculated using formula (4). The increased amount of coke should be added all at once during the feeding process. When calculating the amount of coke to be increased using formula (4), where I C The value is 86%. or The value is 47%. Q CO The value is 110.5 kJ. Q CO2 The value is 393.5 kJ.

[0049] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. However, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat compensation method for a blast furnace when a normal operation is abnormal, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Collecting blast furnace data; Judging whether the blast furnace gas flow temperature is abnormal, and calculating the heat to be compensated if the temperature is abnormal; Judging whether the blast furnace burden descending is abnormal, and calculating the heat to be compensated if the burden descending is abnormal; Calculating the total heat to be compensated, and determining the measures for compensating the heat.

2. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace abnormal forward progression according to Claim 1, characterized by, The method for determining the measures for compensating the heat is as follows: First, the total heat to be compensated is calculated, the coal injection amount to be increased is calculated according to the total heat to be compensated, and then different compensation modes are adopted according to the actual situation of the coal injection amount: the coal injection amount in the time period closest to the current time and continuously normal without abnormality is calculated, if the sum of the calculated coal injection amount and the coal injection amount to be increased does not exceed 95% of the upper limit of the coal injection equipment capacity, the heat compensation is realized by simply increasing the coal injection amount; if the sum exceeds 95% of the upper limit of the coal injection equipment capacity, the coal injection amount is first increased to 95% of the upper limit of the coal injection equipment capacity, and the remaining uncompensated heat is supplemented by increasing the coke amount.

3. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace in the event of a disturbance in the forward direction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for judging whether the temperature of the blast furnace gas flow is abnormal is as follows: extracting the temperature data of each second of all monitoring points of the gas temperature of the top rising pipe in the latest time period, and selecting the maximum value Z from the temperature data, comparing the maximum value Z with the threshold value K ; when the maximum value Z is not greater than the threshold value K , it is determined that no abnormal situation of the gas flow temperature occurs in the time period. When the maximum value Z is greater than the threshold value K then it is determined that an abnormal situation of the temperature of the gas stream has occurred in the time period.

4. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace abnormal forward progression according to Claim 3, characterized by, When it is judged that the gas flow temperature is abnormal, the heat to be compensated is calculated by formula (1): （1）； In formula (1), Q T Q is the heat to be compensated when the temperature of the top gas is abnormal, kJ; T T is the average value of the temperature of the top gas in the top rising pipe in the recent time period, ℃; M T is the average value of the temperature of the top gas flow in the normal case in the recent month, ℃; C C is the specific heat capacity of the top gas, kJ / (kg·K); When it is judged that the burden descending is abnormal, the heat to be compensated is calculated by formula (2): D is the density of the top gas, kg / m 3 ; The coal injection amount to be increased corresponding to the total heat to be compensated is calculated by formula (3): Q is the gas generation amount, m 3 / min; t T is the calculation time.

5. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace in the event of a disturbance in the forward direction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the blast furnace burden descending abnormally is as follows: with the blast furnace probe in the lowered position, calculate the burden level difference based on the probe data. L D That is, the depth of the furnace charge descending, when the difference L D Greater than threshold L K When the blast furnace charge downward movement is abnormal, it is determined that the blast furnace charge downward movement is abnormal; threshold L K The value range is 0.3~0.5m.

6. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace abnormal forward progression according to Claim 5, characterized by, The coke amount to be increased is calculated by formula (4): （2）； In formula (2), Q L Q: heat to be compensated for when the burden is abnormally descending, kJ; L D H: depth of the burden abnormally descending, m; C L C: specific heat of the burden, kJ / (kg·K); π is a constant, 3.14; R R: radius of the blast furnace throat, m; If there is a gas flow temperature abnormality or a burden descending abnormality, the heat to be compensated corresponding to the abnormality is calculated, that is, the total heat to be compensated; if more than one abnormality occurs, the heat to be compensated corresponding to each abnormality is added to obtain the total heat to be compensated. L ρ: bulk density of the burden, kg / m 3 ; T C ΔT: temperature difference per meter of the burden descending in the blast furnace, ℃.

7. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace in the event of a disturbance in the forward direction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculated coal injection amount to be increased is converted and added continuously in a set time; after 10 minutes, the furnace condition is judged again, if the furnace condition has returned to normal, the coal injection amount is adjusted back to the value in the normal furnace condition; and the increased coke amount is added at one time during the blast furnace burdening process. （3）； In formula (3), M C For the increased amount of coal injection, kg; Q kJ for the heat to be compensated for; n c Molar mass of carbon element, 12 g / mol; C C Carbon content in the coal injection, %; ​ Coal gas utilization rate, %; Q CO Heat of reaction when 1 mol of carbon element generates CO, kJ / mol; Q CO2 Heat of reaction when 1 mol of carbon element in the coal injection generates CO2, kJ / mol.

8. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace abnormal progress as set forth in claim 2, characterized by, ​ （4） In formula (4), M I Qc: coke amount required for increase, kg Q Y Qh: heat amount required for increase after coal injection, kJ n c M: molar mass of carbon element, 12 g / mol I C C: carbon content in coke, % ​ G: gas utilization rate, % Q CO Q: heat release amount when 1 mol of carbon element generates CO, kJ / mol Q CO2 Qc: heat release amount when 1 mol of carbon element in coal injection generates CO2, kJ / mol 9. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace in the event of a disturbance in the forward direction according to claim 2, characterized in that, ​ 10. The heat compensation method for a blast furnace abnormal forward progression according to Claim 2, characterized by, ​

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