Preparation method of superfine oriented texture on surface of cutter and cutter

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a superfine oriented texture on the surface of a cutter, and relates to the technical field of parallel electrode method electrostatic spinning and superfine electrostatic spinning. Providing a cutter base body; preparing an oriented superfine fiber mask plate; covering the surface of the cutter base body with the superfine fiber mask plate; depositing a coating on the surface of the cutter base body covered with the superfine fiber mask plate by adopting a physical vapor deposition method; and the superfine fiber mask plate is removed, so that the superfine parallel texture is formed on the surface of the cutter base body. The superfine fiber mask plate can be tightly attached to various complex curved surfaces (including cutting edges, cambered surfaces and the like), the limitation that microtextures are difficult to machine on non-planar components in the prior art is broken through, and an efficient, clean and high-universality solution is provided for improving the anti-friction and anti-wear performance of tools and prolonging the service life of the tools.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of parallel electrode electrospinning technology and ultra-fine electrospinning technology, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an ultra-fine oriented texture on a tool surface and a tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of high-precision machining technology, tool surface morphology modification has become an important means to improve cutting performance and prolong tool life. The commonly used surface texture processing methods at present mainly include laser engraving, electrochemical machining and electrical discharge machining, etc. However, although laser engraving has the advantages of high precision and high efficiency, it has high equipment cost and the heat affected zone is easy to cause damage to the tool surface; electrochemical machining can achieve sub-micron precision, but the efficiency is low, and improper treatment of the electrolyte will cause environmental pollution; electrical discharge machining is suitable for high-hardness materials, and the morphology size is controllable, but there are still problems such as low efficiency, high cost and recast layer.

[0003] In addition, the existing texture processing technology is mostly limited to flat surfaces or simple curved surfaces, and it is difficult to achieve high-precision texture preparation on complex curved surfaces or tool edge regions, and generally lacks a balance between environmental friendliness and economy. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a surface texture modification method with high precision, low cost, non-contact, no pollution and suitable for complex surfaces. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing an ultra-fine oriented texture on a tool surface and a tool, which solves the problems in the background art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing an ultra-fine oriented texture on a tool surface, comprising the following steps: providing a tool base body; preparing an oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate; covering the ultra-fine fiber mask plate on the surface of the tool base body; depositing a coating on the surface of the tool base body covered with the ultra-fine fiber mask plate by physical vapor deposition; removing the ultra-fine fiber mask plate, so as to form an ultra-fine parallel texture on the surface of the tool base body.

[0006] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the preparation of the oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate comprises: preparing an electrospinning solution; electrospinning the electrospinning solution by a parallel electrode collection method to obtain the oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate.

[0007] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the preparation of the electrospinning solution comprises: The high-molecular polymer and the conductive salt are dissolved in an organic solvent, and are mixed by stirring until completely dissolved.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the high-molecular polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone, the conductive salt is tetrabutylammonium chloride, and the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the parallel electrode collection method uses a pair of parallel electrodes.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the process parameters of the electrospinning satisfy the following conditions: a voltage of 10-12 kV, a spinning distance of 6-8 cm, a temperature of 28-33 ℃, and a humidity of 40-45%.

[0011] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the diameter of the oriented ultrafine fibers of the mask plate is between 200 nm and 700 nm.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the physical vapor deposition method is magnetron sputtering, and the material of the coating is titanium aluminum nitride.

[0013] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the process parameters of the magnetron sputtering include: using argon as a working gas, a radio frequency power of 100-150 W, a working pressure of 0.3-0.8 Pa, a deposition temperature of 150-250 ℃, and a deposition time of 1-3 h.

[0014] In the second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a tool, a surface of the tool having an ultrafine parallel texture prepared by the tool surface ultrafine oriented texture preparation method as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0015] The one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects: The embodiment of the present application provides a tool surface superfine orientation texture preparation method, the present application innovatively uses electrospun fibers with nanoscale diameter and orientation as superfine fiber mask plate, which is different from the disordered fiber structure generated by conventional electrospinning, and through the combination of physical vapor deposition technology, high-precision superfine parallel texture is successfully prepared on the tool substrate surface. The method discards the traditional energy beam etching and liquid phase processing idea, fundamentally avoids the surface damage problems such as heat affected zone and recast layer, and perfectly maintains the inherent performance of the tool substrate; meanwhile, the process does not need to use electrolyte, which eliminates the chemical pollution source and shows excellent environmental friendliness. Compared with expensive equipment such as laser processing, the device cost required by the method is significantly reduced, and the operation is simple, easy to realize large-area preparation, and outstanding in economy. Especially important is that by adjusting the relative angle of the oriented superfine fiber mask plate and the main cutting edge of the tool substrate, complex texture parallel to the edge or with a specific orientation can be flexibly prepared, effectively guiding the chip flow, reducing friction resistance and coating scratching. The superfine fiber mask plate can closely fit various complex curved surfaces (including edge, arc surface, etc.), breaking through the limitation of the prior art that it is difficult to process micro-texture on non-planar components, and providing an efficient, clean and universal solution for improving the friction and wear resistance of the tool and prolonging the service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 The electrospinning equipment schematic diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 The principle schematic diagram of the magnetron sputtering equipment provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 3 The microscope magnified view of the superfine parallel texture prepared by the tool surface superfine orientation texture preparation method provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 4 The manufacturing process schematic diagram of the removed superfine fiber mask plate provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 5 The process flow chart of the tool surface superfine orientation texture preparation method provided for the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] With reference to the drawings and the embodiments disclosed in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of the present application.

[0019] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. The terms "first", "second", "third" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the communication between two elements inside. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0020] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a tool surface ultra-fine oriented texture, such as Figures 1 to 5 The method comprises the following steps S1-S5: S1: providing a tool base body and performing pretreatment.

[0021] Specifically, high-speed steel is selected as the base material. A high-speed steel cylindrical test piece with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 3 mm is taken, and the following pretreatment is performed in sequence: (a) surface polishing treatment to obtain a smooth surface; (b) ultrasonic cleaning in acetone, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in sequence, 20 minutes for each step, to completely remove surface contaminants; (c) drying after cleaning to obtain a clean and dry tool base body.

[0022] S2: preparing an oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate.

[0023] S3: covering the ultra-fine fiber mask plate on the surface of the tool base body.

[0024] S4: depositing a coating on the surface of the tool base body covered with the ultra-fine fiber mask plate by physical vapor deposition.

[0025] S5: removing the ultra-fine fiber mask plate to form an ultra-fine parallel texture on the surface of the tool base.

[0026] It should be noted that the application innovatively uses electrospun fibers with nanoscale diameter and orientation as an ultra-fine fiber mask plate, which is different from the disordered fiber structure generated by conventional electrospinning. By combining physical vapor deposition technology, high-precision ultra-fine parallel texture is successfully prepared on the surface of the tool base. This method discards the traditional energy beam etching and liquid processing idea, fundamentally avoids surface damage problems such as heat-affected zone and recast layer, and perfectly maintains the inherent properties of the tool base; at the same time, the process does not need to use electrolyte, which eliminates chemical pollution sources and shows excellent environmental friendliness. Compared with expensive equipment such as laser processing, the cost of the device required by this method is significantly reduced, and the operation is simple, easy to realize large-area preparation, and outstanding in economy. More importantly, by adjusting the relative angle of the oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate and the main cutting edge of the tool base, complex textures parallel to the edge or with specific orientation can be flexibly prepared, effectively guiding the chip flow, reducing friction resistance and coating scratches. The ultra-fine fiber mask plate can closely fit various complex curved surfaces (including edges, curved surfaces, etc.), breaking through the limitation of existing technology that it is difficult to process micro-texture on non-planar components, and providing an efficient, clean and highly versatile solution to improve the friction and wear resistance of the tool and prolong the service life.

[0027] In the embodiments of the application, the preparation of the oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate includes steps S21-S22: S21: preparing an electrospinning solution.

[0028] S22: electrospinning the electrospinning solution by using a parallel electrode collection method to obtain an oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate.

[0029] In the embodiments of the application, the preparation of the electrospinning solution includes step S211: S211: dissolving a high molecular polymer and a conductive salt in an organic solvent and stirring and mixing until completely dissolved.

[0030] In the embodiments of the application, the high molecular polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone. The conductive salt is tetrabutylammonium chloride. The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0031] It should be noted that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent are mixed in proportion. Among them, the mass of PVP is 1.18g, the mass of TBAC is 0.2g, and the volume of DMF is 5mL. The mixing process is carried out in a closed condition to prevent solvent evaporation. Then, under magnetic stirring, the reaction is carried out for 3 hours until complete dissolution, forming a homogeneous electrospinning solution.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the parallel electrode collection method uses a pair of parallel electrodes. Specifically, the parallel electrodes are connected by a wire.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present application, a pair of parallel electrodes are used as the collection device, and the specific spatial electric field distribution formed therebetween is used to effectively guide and constrain the directional movement and deposition of the charged jet, thereby successfully preparing an ultra-fine fiber mask plate with highly consistent fiber orientation and regular arrangement.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, the process parameters of electrospinning satisfy the following conditions: The voltage is 10-12 kV, the spinning distance is 6-8 cm, the ambient temperature is 28-33℃, the relative humidity is 40-45%, and the ultra-fine fiber mask plate with the desired thickness is obtained by controlling the spinning time.

[0035] It should be noted that the parallel electrode collection device and the specific spatial electric field distribution formed therebetween can effectively guide the directional movement and deposition of the charged jet, thereby preparing an ultra-fine fiber mask plate with highly consistent fiber orientation and regular arrangement. The prepared oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate has a diameter controlled within the range of 200-700 nm, and the nanoscale features ensure high precision and excellent performance of the final surface texture.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present application, the physical vapor deposition method is magnetron sputtering. The material of the coating layer is titanium aluminum nitride.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the process parameters of magnetron sputtering include: using argon as the working gas, the radio frequency power is 100-150 W, the working pressure is 0.3-0.8 Pa, the deposition temperature is 150-250℃, the deposition time is 1-3 h, and the surface ultra-fine parallel texture high-speed steel is obtained by removing the mask plate after sputtering the titanium aluminum nitride coating layer.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present application, the radio frequency power of the magnetron sputtering device is set to 120 W, the working pressure is 0.5 Pa, the vacuum degree Pa, the deposition time is 2 h, and the deposition temperature is 200℃. Under this process condition, a titanium aluminum nitride coating layer with good bonding force, uniformity and compactness can be obtained on the surface of the high-speed steel, while avoiding phase transformation or softening of the base material due to overheating, perfectly preserving the original mechanical properties of the tool.

[0039] For example, the surface of the high-speed steel is coated with a titanium aluminum nitride coating layer by magnetron sputtering. Figure 2As shown, magnetron sputtering is a physical vapor deposition technique. Its principle is to introduce an inert gas (such as argon) into an electric field between the target (cathode) and the substrate (anode) in a vacuum environment, causing the gas to ionize and generate plasma. Positively charged ions bombard the target at high speed under the influence of the electric field, sputtering target atoms. Simultaneously, the magnetic field near the target constrains electrons into helical motion, prolonging their collision time with gas molecules and increasing plasma density. Ultimately, the sputtered target atoms diffuse and deposit onto the substrate surface, forming a uniform thin film. In this process, the synergistic effect of the magnetic and electric fields increases the deposition rate and reduces the substrate temperature, ensuring film quality.

[0040] This application provides a cutting tool whose surface has an ultrafine parallel texture prepared by the above-described method for preparing ultrafine orientation texture on the cutting tool surface.

[0041] The method for preparing ultrafine oriented textures on tool surfaces described in this application is based on the core principle of precisely designing surface micromorphology (such as pits, grooves, and meshes) to effectively control interfacial tribological behavior, wear resistance, adhesion properties, lubrication state, and heat dissipation performance. Based on this mechanism, this technology is widely applicable to all fields involving "solid-interface interactions," and it has significant advantages, particularly in scenarios requiring optimized friction, anti-adhesion, enhanced lubrication, and improved durability. The following are some specific application areas and directions: I. Mechanical Manufacturing and Transmission Field The core needs in this field are to reduce frictional loss, extend component life, and improve transmission efficiency. For example: By constructing a micron-level pit texture on the surface of the bearing and guide rail, lubricating oil can be stored to form a continuous oil film, reducing direct metal contact, thereby significantly reducing the coefficient of friction and wear, and avoiding the "seizure" phenomenon caused by lubrication failure. The groove texture on the gear tooth surface or chain pin surface can promote the uniform distribution of lubricating medium, reduce scuffing wear under high-speed or heavy-load conditions, and extend maintenance cycle. The surface texture of components such as hydraulic valve cores and cylinder pistons can improve the lubrication between friction pairs, enhance sealing performance and system stability.

[0042] II. Medical and Bioengineering Fields Key areas include device anti-adhesion, improved biocompatibility, and control of operational damage. The surface of instruments such as scalpels and hemostatic forceps is made of hydrophobic texture, which can significantly reduce the adhesion of blood and tissue fluid, reduce the risk of intraoperative adhesion and secondary injury, and facilitate postoperative cleaning and sterilization. The microtexture on the friction surfaces of implants such as artificial joints can promote the formation of synovial fluid films, reduce the generation of wear debris, inhibit the resulting inflammation and loosening, and extend the lifespan of the implants.

[0043] III. Daily and industrial civilian fields Covering multiple applications such as anti-sticking, drag reduction, self-cleaning, and durability improvement: Micro-nano textures on the surface of kitchenware and tableware can enhance the non-stick effect, facilitate cleaning, and inhibit plaque residue; Texturing treatment of industrial rollers, compression rollers, and other components can reduce frictional damage during material conveying, improve production efficiency and product quality; Biomimetic textures on the external surface of vehicle windows, ship hulls, and other surfaces can achieve drag reduction, self-cleaning, and other functions, improving energy efficiency and use convenience.

[0044] Each embodiment in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between each embodiment can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0045] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited to the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent substitutions for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of producing a super fine oriented texture on a tool surface, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: providing a tool base; preparing an oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate; covering the tool base surface with the ultra-fine fiber mask plate; depositing a coating on the tool base surface covered with the ultra-fine fiber mask plate by physical vapor deposition; removing the ultra-fine fiber mask plate to form an ultra-fine parallel texture on the tool base surface.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool surface ultrafine orientation texture is prepared by a process comprising: The preparation of the oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate comprises: preparing an electrospinning solution; electrospinning the electrospinning solution by a parallel electrode collection method to obtain the oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the tool surface ultrafine orientation texture is prepared by the steps of: The preparation of the electrospinning solution comprises: dissolving a polymer and a conductive salt in an organic solvent and stirring until completely dissolved.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the tool surface ultrafine orientation texture is prepared by the steps of: The polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone; the conductive salt is tetrabutylammonium chloride; and the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the tool surface ultrafine orientation texture is prepared by the steps of: The parallel electrode collection method uses a pair of parallel electrodes.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the tool surface ultrafine orientation texture is prepared by the steps of: The process parameters of the electrospinning satisfy the following conditions: voltage 10-12 kV, spinning distance 6-8 cm, temperature 28-33 ℃, and humidity 40-45%.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool surface ultrafine orientation texture is prepared by a process comprising: The fiber diameter of the prepared oriented ultra-fine fiber mask plate is between 200 nm and 700 nm.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool surface ultrafine orientation texture is prepared by a process comprising: The physical vapor deposition method is magnetron sputtering, and the material of the coating is titanium aluminum nitride.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the tool surface ultrafine orientation texture is prepared by a process comprising: The process parameters of the magnetron sputtering include: using argon as the working gas, radio frequency power 100-150 W, working pressure 0.3-0.8 Pa, deposition temperature 150-250 ℃, and deposition time 1-3 h.

10. A cutting tool characterized by The surface of the tool has an ultra-fine parallel texture prepared by the tool surface ultra-fine oriented texture preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images