Repair method for fractured stone of ancient building

Abstract

The invention relates to a repairing method for fractured stone of an ancient building, which comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting stone column stumps on the site of the ancient building, numbering, surveying, surveying and analyzing the site of the ancient building, and confirming the size, engraved texture and engraved character of an original stone column; 2, drawing numbered stub bulk sample drawings, establishing a model, and performing simulation splicing; step 3, actually splicing the stumps according to the simulated splicing result, and connecting the stumps through supporting pieces; and step 4, complementing missing segments or missing gaps among the stumps by using a material. According to the method, old material utilization is maximized, minimum intervention is carried out on the ancient building, and historical information is reserved to the maximum extent. According to the method, by analyzing the shape and shape of the historic building and the surrounding building information of the historic building site, the repaired stone column keeps the original shape and shape effect and is integrally coordinated and consistent with other components of the historic building site in year, shape and shape and appearance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ancient building restoration technology, specifically to a method for repairing broken stones in ancient buildings, and more particularly to a method for the production and repair of broken stones in ancient buildings. Background Technology

[0002] In the Minnan, Lingnan, and some northern regions, ancient buildings often use stone pillars for their eaves. These stone pillars contain a wealth of information, including their shapes, carved patterns, and inscribed couplets, making them rich in historical details. Ancient buildings serve as effective carriers of history and the transmission of civilization. When restoring ancient buildings, the following principles should be followed: Safety First: Ancient buildings are often over a century old, and their components inevitably show varying degrees of weathering. The safety of the building should be a primary consideration in determining the restoration plan. Stylistic Unity: The restored areas should maintain as much consistency as possible with the original style, respecting the original style and techniques and preserving the historical appearance. Prevention First: Restoration should prioritize prevention. Regular maintenance and repairs should be carried out to eliminate potential problems at their earliest stages. Utilization of Reclaimed Materials: Utilizing reclaimed materials not only saves significant funds but also preserves the original building's historical characteristics from a material perspective.

[0003] Currently, during the restoration of many ancient buildings, broken stone pillars are replaced with new ones instead of maximizing the use of old materials and preserving the original historical appearance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for repairing broken stones in ancient buildings. In the process of repairing ancient buildings, broken stone pillars in multiple segments or incomplete stone pillars after breakage are spliced ​​together and repaired. Old materials are used to minimize intervention in the ancient buildings and preserve historical information to the greatest extent.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for repairing fractured stones in ancient buildings, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Collect fragments of stone pillars from the ancient building site, number them, and conduct on-site surveying, investigation, and analysis of the ancient building site to confirm the original stone pillar's dimensions, carving texture, and carved characters;

[0007] Step 2: Draw detailed drawings of each numbered fragment, build a model, and perform simulated assembly;

[0008] Step 3: Based on the simulation splicing results, the remaining segments are actually spliced ​​together, and the remaining segments are connected by support components.

[0009] Step 4: Use materials to fill in the missing segments or gaps between the remaining fragments.

[0010] Preferably, the on-site surveying of ancient buildings in step 1 includes surveying the dimensions, length, carving textures, and carving characters of the stone pillar fragments and the surrounding buildings.

[0011] Preferably, the investigation and analysis in step 1 includes investigating the form of the ancient building, analyzing historical data of the ancient building and the on-site conditions of the ancient building, and confirming the actual length, carving texture and carving characters of the original stone pillar.

[0012] Preferably, in step 2, a model is established based on the confirmed dimensions, carving texture, and carving characters of the original stone pillar, and the numbered fragments are simulated and pieced together.

[0013] Preferably, when building the model, the ancient building's form, historical data, and the dimensions, length, carving textures, and carving characters of the surrounding buildings of the ancient building's remaining sections are input into the model. This ensures that the spacing between characters on the simulated stone pillars, the distance between the upper character and the eaves purlin, the distance between the lower character and the pillar top stone, the carving textures, and the content of the carved characters conform to the information of the surrounding buildings and the requirements of the ancient building's form.

[0014] Preferably, step 3 includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 3.1: According to the splicing order of the simulated splicing results, arrange the numbered fragments neatly on the workbench and make the axes of each fragment in a straight line.

[0016] Step 3.2: Slots are cut into each segment, and support members are placed in the slots and secured. Adjacent segments are connected by support members, and the segments are connected into one piece by one or more support members.

[0017] Step 3.3: Apply stone to the surface of the grooved section and grout into the groove.

[0018] Preferably, step 3.2 comprises the following steps:

[0019] Install templates at the missing sections between the fragments, pour plaster into the templates to repair the fragments, cut grooves in the fragments and plaster, insert supports into the grooves and secure them, connect adjacent fragments with supports, and then remove the plaster after connecting all fragments into one piece with supports.

[0020] Preferably, step 4 includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 4.1: Use stone with a color and material similar to the original stone pillar to inlay the missing section or gap surface;

[0022] Step 4.2: Fill the missing section or gap after the surface layer is inlaid with filling material;

[0023] Step 4.3 involves carving and supplementing the textures and lettering on the filled missing segments or gaps.

[0024] Preferably, step 4 comprises the following steps:

[0025] Step 4.1: Based on the simulated splicing results, create a mold for the missing segment or gap, including engraved textures and engraved lettering on the mold;

[0026] Step 4.2: Install the mold on the missing section or gap, pour filling material to fill the gaps between the remaining sections.

[0027] Preferably, in step 4, for the missing column top and column base, stone with a color and material similar to the original stone column is used to fill the missing section. A groove is cut in the missing section stone, and a support is placed in the groove and tightened. The missing section stone is then tightly connected to the adjacent remaining section through the support. Stone is used to inlay the surface at the grooved position, and grout is injected into the gap between the support and the missing section stone.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. This invention maximizes the utilization of old materials, minimizes intervention in ancient buildings, and preserves historical information to the greatest extent possible.

[0030] 2. This invention, through the support components and the supplementation of missing sections, can maintain the original stone pillar's load-bearing performance and functionality.

[0031] 3. This invention requires less equipment and materials, and is simple and quick to construct, making it suitable for ancient building restoration projects of all sizes.

[0032] 4. This invention analyzes the form of ancient buildings and the surrounding architectural information of the ancient building site, so that the restored stone pillars maintain the original form and achieve overall coordination and consistency with other components of the ancient building site in terms of age, form and style.

[0033] 5. To fill the grooves, missing sections, and gaps in this invention, a stone material with a similar color and material to the original stone pillar is used to inlay the surface, ensuring that the repaired effect is consistent with the original stone pillar. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing method with missing gaps between adjacent fragments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing method between adjacent fragments of the present invention, where there are missing segments.

[0037] In the picture:

[0038] 1-Residual section; 2-Supporting component; 3-Missing section; 4-Dovetail tenon. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] This invention, when repairing broken stone pillars in ancient buildings, makes full use of existing components, preserving the historical information and artistic value of the pillars to the greatest extent possible. The old, broken stone pillars are repaired and reinstalled on the ancient buildings, maximizing their utilization. This avoids the regrettable situation of arbitrarily replacing them with new pillars, which would result in the loss of information about the cultural relic and the inability to use the old components. This invention strictly implements the principle of minimal intervention in cultural relic protection; it strictly implements the principle of integrity in cultural relic protection; its operability and practicality require few conditions, making it particularly suitable for cultural relic stone components; and it can be effectively applied to actual production, generating relevant practical benefits.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] A method for repairing broken stones in ancient buildings, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Collect and number the fragments of stone pillars from the ancient building site, and conduct on-site surveying, investigation, and analysis to confirm the original stone pillar's dimensions, carving texture, and carved inscriptions.

[0044] On-site surveying of ancient buildings includes surveying the dimensions, length, carving textures, and inscriptions of the stone pillar fragments and surrounding buildings; investigation and analysis include investigating the form of the ancient buildings, analyzing historical data and on-site conditions, and confirming the actual length, carving textures, and inscriptions of the original stone pillars.

[0045] After collecting the fragments of the broken stone pillar, they were cleaned to facilitate later observation and reassembly. Investigating the architectural style, analyzing historical data, and examining the site conditions facilitated the restoration of the original appearance of the broken pillar. For example, based on the principle of symmetry, if there are existing complete stone pillars nearby, the height of the original broken pillar can be determined by referring to the height of the surrounding pillars. Based on the characteristics of couplets and combined with historical architectural data, the missing carved text and textures on the original broken pillar can also be identified. The dimensions, length, carved textures, and carved characters of the fragments were measured to facilitate the next step of drawing detailed diagrams.

[0046] Step 2: Draw detailed drawings of each numbered fragment, build a model, and simulate the assembly:

[0047] A model was created based on the confirmed dimensions, carving textures, and inscriptions of the original stone pillars, and the numbered fragments were then simulated and pieced together. During model creation, the architectural style, historical data, and dimensions, lengths, carving textures, and inscriptions of surrounding buildings were input into the model. This ensured that the spacing between characters on the simulated stone pillar, the distance between the upper character and the eaves purlin, the distance between the lower character and the pillar capstone, the carving textures, and the content of the carved characters conformed to the information of the surrounding buildings and the requirements of the architectural style.

[0048] Based on the appearance of the numbered fragments, a large-scale drawing was created using a computer, or the appearance of the fragments was scanned and input into the computer, or a photograph of the fragments was input into the computer. A computer model was then created and pieced together. During the modeling process, the form and historical data of ancient buildings were referenced to ensure that the pieced-together stone pillar best reflects the original appearance of the original stone pillar.

[0049] Step 3: Based on the simulated assembly results, actually assemble the remaining segments and connect them using support components:

[0050] Step 3.1: According to the splicing order of the simulated splicing results, arrange the numbered fragments neatly on the workbench and make the axes of each fragment in a straight line.

[0051] Step 3.2: Slots are cut into each segment, and support members are placed in the slots and secured. Adjacent segments are connected by support members, and the segments are connected into one piece by one or more support members.

[0052] Step 3.3: Apply stone to the surface of the grooved section and grout into the groove.

[0053] During the assembly process, the spacing between the remaining segments is adjusted to ensure that the spacing between the characters on the stone pillar, the distance between the upper character and the eaves purlin, the distance between the lower character and the pillar top stone, the carving texture, and the content of the carved font conform to the surrounding architectural information and the requirements of the ancient building style.

[0054] The workbench used for splicing is made of steel pipes and templates, which facilitates on-site installation and use. The workbench must be flat and level to ensure the verticality of the spliced ​​stone column segments. When stacking the segments on the workbench, padding is used to ensure that the axes of each segment are on the same straight line.

[0055] The slots are preferably made on the back of the fragment, i.e., the side without carved text, and where there is little or no carved texture. I-beams are preferably used as supports to connect the fragments. For shorter fragments, a through slot is made along the axis of the fragment, and a single support connects the fragments. For longer fragments, to minimize damage, slots are made at both ends of the fragment, and multiple supports connect the fragments. Preferably, the length of the slots should ensure that the overlap between the two broken stone column fragments is at least 500mm, and the depth of the slots should ensure that after the support is embedded, the distance between the support and the surface of the stone column fragment is 50mm.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the splicing method involves gaps between two adjacent stone pillar fragments. Each of the two stone pillar fragments has a groove with a depth of 100mm, a width of 140mm, and a length of 500mm cut on its back. A No. 10 I-beam is placed in the groove as a support (1000mm in length, the length of the support is equal to the length of the groove on the two fragments). The two adjacent fragments are then connected together, and the gap between the support and the groove is filled with epoxy resin.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, there is a splicing method between two adjacent fragments with missing sections. Each of the two stone pillar fragments has a groove with a depth of 100mm, a width of 140mm, and a length of 500mm on its back. A No. 10 I-beam is placed in the groove as a support (the length is greater than 1000mm, and the length of the support = the length of the missing section + the length of the groove on the two fragments). The two adjacent fragments are connected together, and the gap between the support and the groove is filled with epoxy resin.

[0058] Reclaimed stone is preferred for grouting. Steel tenons are glued to the inside of the grouting stone and inserted into grooves. A grouting hole and a vent hole are made in the grouting stone. During grouting, the sides are continuously tapped to expel air, ensuring full grouting and even stress distribution. The grouting stone is then anchored to the remaining stone section through grouting.

[0059] Step 4: Use materials to fill in the missing segments or gaps between the remaining fragments:

[0060] Step 4.1: Use stone with a color and material similar to the original stone pillar to inlay the missing section or gap surface;

[0061] Step 4.2: Fill the missing section or gap after the surface layer is inlaid with filling material;

[0062] Step 4.3 involves carving and supplementing the textures and lettering on the filled missing segments or gaps.

[0063] The preferred cladding stone is old stone that closely matches the color and material of the original column. The cladding stone (repair stone) is connected to the remaining section using mortise and tenon joints, such as... Figure 3 As shown, for example, a dovetail tenon is used, with a dovetail tenon set in the inlaid stone, and a corresponding mortise structure is opened on the remaining section to prevent it from coming apart.

[0064] For missing sections or gaps in the interior of the stone after the surface layer has been applied, it is preferable to use stone powder mixed with marble adhesive and stirred evenly as a filling material to fill the missing sections or gaps.

[0065] The steel tenons are attached to the stone cladding and inserted into the missing sections or gaps. Grouting material is then poured into the missing sections or gaps to anchor the steel. During grouting, a grouting hole and an air vent are pre-drilled in the cladding stone. The sides are continuously tapped during the grouting process to expel air, ensuring full grouting and even stress distribution.

[0066] For missing sections at the top or base of the column, stone of similar color and material to the original column is used to fill the gaps. A groove is cut into the missing section of stone, and a support is inserted and secured within the groove. The support secures the missing section to the adjacent remaining section. Stone is then applied to the grooved area, and grout is poured into the gap between the support and the missing section. The preferred stone for the filler is old stone of similar color and material to the original column. The filler and remaining sections are connected using mortise and tenon joints, such as a single tenon joint. The method of applying the stone and grouting is the same as the method described above for applying stone to the grooved area of ​​the remaining section.

[0067] Regarding the carving of missing sections or gaps to supplement textures and characters, both mechanical carving and manual inscription can be used, ensuring that the carved textures and characters conform to the architectural style of the ancient building. For example, when a section of a stone pillar is missing characters, local historians should be invited to study the missing characters and determine their identities. Then, local calligraphers should be invited to make rubbings of the couplet characters on the pillar. Based on the rubbings, the missing characters should be repeatedly copied to ensure consistency in font and size. Once the corresponding positions are marked, writing can begin on the pillar. After the ink dries, stonemasons can be invited to carve. Before carving, the stonemasons must study the remaining characters to determine the carving depth and width. (Adding characters when the missing characters cannot be identified is not recommended to avoid misunderstandings for future researchers.)

[0068] This invention effectively solves the problem of repairing and utilizing broken stone pillar components, making the most of remaining fragments and old materials, and further enhancing the original structural integrity and functionality of the stone pillar components. It preserves the integrity and historical information of the ancient building, enhancing its cultural value. The construction method is simple and easy to operate, suitable for ancient building repair projects of various scales. This invention uses few equipment and materials, employing conventional materials and small, commonly used tools, suitable for the characteristics of cultural relic repair. The operation does not require a large work surface, suitable for the characteristics of various cultural relic buildings. The overall effect after repair still presents the original form and appearance of the stone pillar, achieving overall harmony and consistency with other architectural components in terms of age, form, and style.

[0069] Example 2:

[0070] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that step 3.2 adopts the following steps:

[0071] Install templates at the missing sections between the fragments, pour plaster into the templates to repair the fragments, cut grooves in the fragments and plaster, insert supports into the grooves and secure them, connect adjacent fragments with supports, and then remove the plaster after connecting all fragments into one piece with supports.

[0072] According to the simulated splicing sequence, when the fragments are actually spliced ​​together, there will be gaps or missing segments between the fragments. For the missing segments, plaster is used to replace the missing segments. This not only facilitates the fixing and connection, but also ensures that the axes of all the fragments are on the same straight line after fixing and connecting, thus ensuring that the repaired stone pillar has the load-bearing performance and function of the original stone pillar.

[0073] Install templates to seal the missing sections between the fragments, and pour plaster inside the templates. Before pouring, ensure that the axes of the stone pillars formed by the fragments and templates are consistent and that there is no misalignment of the axes. The historical information, patterns, and lines carved in the horizontal direction are consistent.

[0074] Example 3:

[0075] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 and 2 is that step 4 adopts the following steps:

[0076] Step 4.1: Based on the simulated splicing results, create a mold for the missing segment or gap, including engraved textures and engraved lettering on the mold;

[0077] Step 4.2: Install the mold on the missing section or gap, pour filling material to fill the gaps between the remaining sections.

[0078] In this embodiment, the carved textures and lettering on the missing sections or gaps are directly formed using molds and filling materials, eliminating the need for surface veneer and grouting, as well as the need to reprocess the carved textures and lettering on the surface of the stone, thus enabling a simpler and faster repair.

[0079] In this invention, when directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "bottom," and "top" are used, they are defined relative to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. These or other directional terms should not be construed as restrictive terms.

[0080] Furthermore, this invention does not discuss in detail the technologies and equipment known to those skilled in the art, but where appropriate, such technologies and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0081] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, collecting the ancient building site stone column segments, numbering, and ancient building site surveying, investigation and analysis, confirming the size, carving texture, carving characters of the original stone column; Step 2, drawing the numbered large sample drawing of each segment, establishing a model, and simulating splicing; Step 3, according to the simulation splicing result, the actual splicing of the segments is carried out, and the segments are connected through the support; Step 4, using materials to fill the missing segments or missing gaps between the segments.

2. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 1, wherein The step 1 includes surveying and measuring the size, length, carving texture, carving characters of the stone column segments and the surrounding buildings of the segments.

3. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 1, wherein The step 1 includes investigating the ancient building form, analyzing the ancient building historical data and the ancient building site situation, and confirming the actual length, carving texture, carving characters of the original stone column.

4. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 1, wherein In the step 2, the model is established according to the size, carving texture, carving characters of the original stone column, and the numbered segments are simulated and spliced.

5. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, When the model is established, the size, length, carving texture, carving characters of the ancient building form, the ancient building historical data and the surrounding buildings of the segments are input into the model, so that the distance between the characters on the stone column and the characters, the distance between the characters on the stone column and the eave purlin, the distance between the characters on the stone column and the top stone, the carving texture, and the carving character content meet the requirements of the surrounding building information and the ancient building form.

6. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 1, wherein The step 3 comprises the following steps: Step 3.1, according to the splicing sequence of the simulation splicing result, the numbered segments are arranged neatly on the workbench, and the axes of the segments are arranged on a straight line; Step 3.2, grooves are formed on the segments, the support is placed in the grooves, the adjacent segments are connected through the support, and the segments are connected into one through one or more supports; Step 3.3, stone is used to cover the surface of the grooves, and grouting is carried out in the grooves.

7. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 6, wherein The step 3.2 comprises the following steps: A template is installed at the missing segment position between the segments, and gypsum is poured in the template to repair the segments, grooves are formed on the segments and the gypsum, the support is placed in the grooves, the adjacent segments are connected through the support, and the segments are connected into one through the support, and then the gypsum is removed.

8. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 1, wherein The step 4 comprises the following steps: Step 4.1, using stone with similar color and material to the original stone column to cover the surface of the missing segment or missing gap; Step 4.2, using filling material to fill the inside of the covered surface; Step 4.3, the texture and characters on the filled missing segment or missing gap are carved and supplemented.

9. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 1, wherein The step 4 comprises the following steps: Step 4.1, according to the simulation splicing result, a missing segment or missing gap mold is made, which includes carving texture and carving characters; Step 4.2, the mold is installed at the missing segment or missing gap position, and the filling material is poured to fill the missing segment or missing gap.

10. The method for repairing a broken stone of an ancient building according to claim 1, wherein In step 4, for the absence of the column top and column root, stone material close to the color and material of the original stone column is used to fill the missing section, a groove is opened on the missing section stone, a support is placed in the groove, the missing section stone is fastened and connected with the adjacent residual section through the support, the surface is inlaid with stone at the position of the groove, and grouting is carried out in the gap between the support and the missing section stone.

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