Cryogenic transmission line and method of installing a cryogenic transmission line

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of nuclear fusion, and discloses a kind of cryogenic transmission line and the installation method of cryogenic transmission line, cryogenic transmission line includes: at least two transmission sections, connecting pipe and protective shell, transmission section includes shell assembly and multiple pipes, multiple pipes are formed with multiple tube groups from inside to outside in the radial direction of shell assembly, and tube group includes at least one pipe, and pipe includes connected first pipe section and second pipe section, first pipe section is arranged in shell assembly, and second pipe section is arranged outside shell assembly, and in the direction from inside to outside in the radial direction of shell assembly, the tube length of the second pipe section of multiple tube groups gradually decreases;The second pipe section of any two adjacent transmission sections is connected by connecting pipe;The shell assembly of any two adjacent transmission sections is connected by protective shell.The cryogenic transmission line of the present application is convenient for the connection of the pipe of transmission section and connecting pipe and the detection of connection position, and is conducive to ensuring the connection quality between adjacent transmission sections.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a cryogenic transmission line and a method for installing the cryogenic transmission line. Background Technology

[0002] In typical superconducting tokamak magnetic confinement fusion devices, operation first requires supplying a cryogenic mass at a specific temperature to the superconducting magnet to impart superconductivity to the superconducting material. Therefore, multi-channel cryogenic transmission lines are often used as transport channels. Due to space constraints, cryogenic transmission lines are installed in segments, connected by field-mounted connectors. Conventional field-mounted connector designs (usually manual or semi-automatic welding) present significant challenges after the complex welding of multi-channel structures. Extremely limited physical space, structural complexity, and obstructed views prevent the placement of conventional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, such as radiographic (RT) sources or films, and ultrasonic (UT) probes from contacting the weld seam. Even if probe placement is difficult, multi-layered structures, interfaces between different materials, and adjacent channels severely interfere with ultrasonic or radiographic signals, resulting in extremely low signal-to-noise ratios and difficulty in accurately identifying defects. This creates blind spots in quality control; failure at any connection point can lead to the failure of the entire cryogenic system or excessive heat load, causing substantial losses. Therefore, a new design approach and installation method are urgently needed to address the installation and inspection problems of field-mounted connectors. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature transmission line that facilitates the connection of the pipes and connecting pipes of the transmission section and the detection of the connection position, thereby helping to ensure the connection quality between adjacent transmission sections.

[0004] The present invention also aims to provide an installation method for a cryogenic transmission line, in order to apply the above-mentioned cryogenic transmission line.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a cryogenic transmission line for supplying cryogenic mass to a superconducting magnet in a nuclear fusion device comprises: at least two transmission sections, each transmission section including an outer shell assembly and a plurality of pipes, wherein the plurality of pipes form a plurality of tube groups in the radial direction of the outer shell assembly from the inside out, each tube group including at least one pipe, each pipe including a connected first tube segment and a second tube segment, the first tube segment being disposed inside the outer shell assembly, and the second tube segment being disposed outside the outer shell assembly, wherein the tube length of the second tube segment of the plurality of tube groups gradually decreases in the radial direction of the outer shell assembly from the inside out, so that a working space is formed between the second tube segments of adjacent two tube groups; a connecting pipe, wherein the second tube segments of any two adjacent transmission sections are connected by the connecting pipe; and a protective shell, wherein the outer shell assemblies of any two adjacent transmission sections are connected by the protective shell.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the cryogenic transmission line of the present invention, the length of the second pipe segment of multiple pipe groups gradually decreases, so that a working space is formed between the second pipe segments of adjacent pipe groups. The pipe groups are connected sequentially from longest to shortest length. In this scheme, the working space increases the worker's field of vision and workspace, facilitates the entry of connecting tools (such as welding torches), and allows the connecting pipe and the second pipe segment to be connected in confined spaces, reducing connection difficulty and improving welding efficiency and reliability. Furthermore, the working space between different pipe groups facilitates the detection of the connection position between pipes and connecting pipes, allowing for the entry of inspection tools (such as radiographic probes), which is beneficial for non-destructive testing, thereby ensuring the connection quality between pipes and connecting pipes, and consequently ensuring the connection quality between adjacent transmission segments.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the radial direction from the inside to the outside of the housing assembly, the difference in length between the second pipe segments of two adjacent pipe groups is greater than or equal to 50 mm.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the second pipe segment in each of the pipe groups is equal.

[0009] In some embodiments of the invention, the diameter of the pipe in the innermost pipe assembly is larger than the diameter of the other pipes.

[0010] In some embodiments of the invention, each pipe group includes at least two pipes, and all the pipes in each pipe group have equal or unequal diameters.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of pipe groups include a first pipe group and a second pipe group, wherein the first pipe group is closer to the center of the housing assembly than the second pipe group, and the remaining pipe groups are disposed outside the second pipe group; the first pipe group includes a first pipe and a second pipe with equal inner diameters, the first pipe being disposed at the center of the housing assembly, and the second pipe and the first pipe being spaced apart along the radial direction of the housing assembly; the second pipe group includes a third pipe and a fourth pipe, wherein the inner diameter of the third pipe and the fourth pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the first pipe, the inner diameter of the third pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the fourth pipe, there is at least one third pipe disposed on the side of the first pipe closer to the second pipe, there are multiple fourth pipes and the number of fourth pipes is greater than the number of third pipes, the multiple fourth pipes are disposed on the other side of the first pipe away from the second pipe, and at least one third pipe and multiple fourth pipes are arranged circumferentially around the first pipe.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of pipe groups include a third pipe group disposed outside the second pipe group. The third pipe group includes a fifth pipe and a sixth pipe, wherein the inner diameter of the fifth pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the sixth pipe. There are multiple fifth pipes and multiple sixth pipes, and the number of fifth pipes is less than the number of sixth pipes. The multiple fifth pipes are disposed on the side of the first pipe closer to the second pipe, and the multiple sixth pipes are disposed on the other side of the first pipe away from the second pipe. The multiple fifth pipes and multiple sixth pipes are arranged circumferentially around the first pipe. The plurality of pipe groups also include a fourth pipe group disposed outside the third pipe group. The fourth pipe group includes a seventh pipe and an eighth pipe, wherein the inner diameter of the seventh pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the eighth pipe. There are multiple seventh pipes and multiple eighth pipes, and the number of seventh pipes is greater than the number of eighth pipes. The multiple seventh pipes and multiple eighth pipes are spaced apart circumferentially around the third pipe group. The multiple eighth pipes are disposed on the other side of the first pipe away from the second pipe.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the protective shell includes a shell and a cold screen, both of which are tubular structures, with the cold screen fitted inside the shell; wherein the shell includes two detachably connected half-shell portions, and the cold screen includes two detachably connected half-cold screen portions.

[0014] The method for installing a cryogenic transmission line according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the cryogenic transmission line described in any of the preceding claims, the method comprising:

[0015] Connect the second pipe segment of the innermost pipe group between the two transmission segments to the corresponding connecting pipe;

[0016] The connection position between the second pipe segment of the innermost pipe group and the connecting pipe is detected;

[0017] Following the radial order from the inside to the outside of the outer casing assembly, continue connecting the second pipe segment of the next pipe group to the corresponding connecting pipe, and perform a test after the connection is completed. Repeat this step until the connection of the second pipe segment of all pipe groups to the corresponding connecting pipe is completed.

[0018] The protective shell is fitted onto the housing assembly of the two transmission segments, and the protective shell is connected to the housing assembly.

[0019] According to the installation method of the cryogenic transmission line of the present invention, the connection and connection position detection of different pipe groups and corresponding connecting pipes in two adjacent transmission sections are performed sequentially by the above method. This helps to ensure that the connection and detection of the second pipe section of each pipe group are less affected by interference and influence, thereby allowing sufficient space for operation during detection to avoid blind spots in quality control, timely detection of possible connection defects and other problems, ensuring the reliability of pipe and connecting pipe connection, avoiding cold mass leakage, and improving the reliability of cryogenic transmission line.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing the detection includes: detecting the connection position of the second pipe segment and the connecting pipe at multiple positions arranged circumferentially on the housing assembly.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a low-temperature transmission line provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Exploded views of the structure of a cryogenic transmission line provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-temperature transmission line portion provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a transmission segment provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A side view of a transmission segment provided for some embodiments of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first pipe and connecting pipe connection provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 A simulated schematic diagram of radiographic testing after the first pipe and connecting pipe are connected, as provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second pipe and connecting pipe connection provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9This is a simulated schematic diagram of radiographic testing after the second pipe and connecting pipe are connected, as provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third pipe and connecting pipe connection provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a simulated schematic diagram of radiographic testing after the third pipe and connecting pipe are connected, as provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth pipe and connecting pipe connection provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a simulated schematic diagram of radiographic testing after the fourth pipe and connecting pipe are connected, as provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the connection between the semi-cooled screen and the housing assembly provided in some embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0037] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the connection between the semi-cooled screen and the housing assembly provided in some embodiments of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0038] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the half-shell and the outer shell assembly provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 17 This is a structural block diagram of the installation method of a low-temperature transmission line according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Figure label:

[0041] 100. Low-temperature transmission line;

[0042] 10. Transmission segment;

[0043] 11. Outer casing assembly; 12. Pipeline; 121. First pipe section; 122. Second pipe section; 13. Pipe assembly; 131. First pipe assembly; 1311. First pipe; 1312. Second pipe; 132. Second pipe assembly; 1321. Third pipe; 1322. Fourth pipe; 133. Third pipe assembly; 1331. Fifth pipe; 1332. Sixth pipe; 134. Fourth pipe assembly; 1341. Seventh pipe; 1342. Eighth pipe;

[0044] 20. Connecting pipe;

[0045] 30. Protective shell; 31. Shell; 311. Half-shell section; 32. Cooling screen; 321. Half-cooling screen section;

[0046] 40. Location of testing points. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0049] Furthermore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the same feature, used to distinguish and describe features, without any order or distinction of importance.

[0050] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0052] The following is for reference. Figures 1-12 The following describes a low-temperature transmission line 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the cryogenic transmission line 100 of this embodiment of the invention is used to transport cryogenic mass to the superconducting magnet of a nuclear fusion device. The cryogenic transmission line 100 includes at least two transmission sections 10, connecting pipes 20, and a protective shell 30. Each transmission section 10 includes an outer shell assembly 11 and multiple pipes 12. Multiple pipe groups 13 are formed radially from the inside to the outside of the outer shell assembly 11. Each pipe group 13 includes at least one pipe 12. Each pipe 12 includes a connected first pipe segment 121 and a second pipe segment 122. The first pipe segment 121 is located inside the outer shell assembly 11, and the second pipe segment 122 is located outside the outer shell assembly 11. In the radial direction from the inside to the outside of the outer shell assembly 11, the length of the second pipe segments 122 of the multiple pipe groups 13 gradually decreases, so that a working space is formed between the second pipe segments 122 of adjacent pipe groups 13. The second pipe segments 122 of any two adjacent transmission sections 10 are connected by the connecting pipes 20. The outer shell assemblies 11 of any two adjacent transmission sections 10 are connected by the protective shell 30.

[0054] The transmission section 10 can refer to a component that transports cold mass to the superconducting magnet of the nuclear fusion device, and includes at least an outer casing assembly 11 and multiple pipes 12. The outer casing assembly 11 can refer to a component that protects and supports the pipes 12, and its material can be, but is not limited to, alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and composite materials, etc. The pipes 12 can refer to components that transport cold mass, and their shape can be, but is not limited to, cylinders, cuboids, and other prisms, etc., and the cold mass transported can be, but is not limited to, liquid helium, liquid nitrogen, etc. Multiple pipes 12 are provided, and multiple pipe groups 13 are formed radially from the inside out of the outer casing assembly 11, with each pipe group 13 including at least one pipe 12. The number of pipes 12 can be, but is not limited to, two, three, four, five, etc., and the number of pipe groups 13 can be, but is not limited to, two, three, four, five, etc., and the number of pipes 12 included in each pipe group 13 can be, but is not limited to, one, two, three, four, five, etc. Pipeline 12 includes a first pipe section 121 and a second pipe section 122 connected together. The connection method of the first pipe section 121 and the second pipe section 122 can be, but is not limited to, welding, bolting, riveting, etc. The first pipe section 121 is located inside the outer casing assembly 11, and the second pipe section 122 is located outside the outer casing assembly 11. In the radial direction from the inside to the outside of the outer casing assembly 11, the length of the second pipe section 122 of the multiple pipe groups 13 gradually decreases, so that a working space is formed between the second pipe sections 122 of adjacent pipe groups 13. The difference in length between the second pipe sections 122 of adjacent pipe groups 13 can be the same or different.

[0055] The connecting pipe 20 can refer to the component that connects any two adjacent transmission sections 10 to the second pipe section 122, and the connection method with the second pipe section 122 can be, but is not limited to, welding, bolting, riveting, bonding, etc. It should be noted that the length of the connecting pipe 20 is different for different pipe groups 13, and the length of the connecting pipe 20 can be the distance between the two ends of the second pipe section 122 at the corresponding positions.

[0056] The protective shell 30 can refer to the component that protects two adjacent transmission sections 10 and the connecting pipe 20.

[0057] In the above technical solution, the cryogenic transmission line 100 is provided with multiple pipes 12. The temperature and type of cryogenic medium inside the multiple pipes 12 can be different, so as to simultaneously provide the superconducting magnet and the thermal radiation shielding layer with a specific temperature and a specific type of cryogenic medium, enabling the superconducting material to have superconductivity. For example, part of the multiple pipe groups 13 can provide liquid helium cooling to the superconducting magnet, and another part can provide liquid nitrogen cooling to the thermal radiation shielding layer.

[0058] Since the cryogenic transmission line 100 is used to transport cold mass to the superconducting magnet, and the superconducting magnet is usually quite large, the required cryogenic transmission line 100 is also quite long. Therefore, the cryogenic transmission line 100 is usually composed of multiple transmission segments 10. When different transmission segments 10 are connected, adjacent transmission segments 10 can be spaced a certain distance apart, and multiple connecting pipes 20 are placed within this distance. The connecting pipes 20 are used to connect to the pipes 12 of different pipe groups 13 within the two transmission segments 10 at both ends. In the above technical solution, since the length of the second pipe segment 122 of the multiple pipe groups 13 gradually decreases from the inside to the outside in the radial direction of the outer casing assembly 11, the length of the second pipe segment 122 on the pipe 12 of the innermost pipe group 13 is longer, and the length of the second pipe segment 122 on the pipe 12 of the outermost pipe group 13 is shorter. This creates a stepped structure between different pipe groups 13 and between adjacent second pipe segments 122. The area where this stepped structure is located forms a working space. When it is necessary to connect the second pipe segment 122 to the connecting pipe 20, ... Taking welding as an example, the second pipe segment 122 of the innermost pipe assembly 13 can be welded first. Since the second pipe segment 122 of the innermost pipe assembly 13 has the longest length, there are no obstructions around it, making it easy for the welding torch to reach in and weld the second pipe segment 122 to the connecting pipe 20. This reduces the welding difficulty. Moreover, after welding, the tool for inspecting the weld position, such as when using radiographic testing, can have the probe inserted unobstructed into the location of the second pipe segment 122 and the connecting pipe 20, thus allowing for better inspection of the weld position. It should be noted that the above-described radiographic testing method is only an example, and the method for inspecting the connection position between the second pipe segment 122 and the connecting pipe 20 is not limited to radiographic testing.

[0059] Similarly, after welding all the second pipe segments 122 of the innermost pipe group 13, the outermost pipe groups 13 are welded sequentially. Again, due to the length difference between the innermost and outermost second pipe segments 122, welding is easier. Similarly, after welding, the X-ray inspection probe can more easily detect the weld position. Furthermore, when the X-ray probe is used, the connection positions of the innermost second pipe segment 122 and its corresponding connecting pipe 20 are staggered with those of the outermost second pipe segment 122 and its corresponding connecting pipe 20. Therefore, the mutual interference between their detection results is minimal, which helps ensure more accurate detection results of the connection positions of different groups of second pipe segments 122 and connecting pipes 20, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection between the transmission section 10 and the connecting pipe 20.

[0060] According to the cryogenic transmission line 100 of this embodiment, the lengths of the second pipe segments 122 of multiple pipe groups 13 gradually decrease, so that a working space is formed between the second pipe segments 122 of adjacent pipe groups 13. The pipe groups 13 are connected sequentially from longest to shortest length. In this scheme, the working space increases the worker's field of vision and workspace, facilitates the entry of connection tools (e.g., welding torches), and allows the connection of the connecting pipe 20 and the second pipe segment 122 to be performed in confined spaces, reducing connection difficulty and improving welding efficiency and reliability. Furthermore, the working space between different pipe groups 13 facilitates the detection of the connection position between the pipe 12 and the connecting pipe 20, allowing for the entry of inspection tools (e.g., radiographic testing probes), which is beneficial for achieving non-destructive testing, thereby ensuring the connection quality between the pipe 12 and the connecting pipe 20.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 3 In the radial direction from the inside to the outside of the housing assembly 11, the difference in pipe length between the second pipe section 122 of two adjacent pipe groups 13 is greater than or equal to 50 mm.

[0062] For example, the difference in pipe length between the second pipe segment 122 of two adjacent pipe groups 13 can be D, which can be, but is not limited to, 50mm, 55mm, 60mm, 65mm, 70mm, 75mm, 80mm, etc.

[0063] In the above technical solution, in the radial direction from the inside to the outside of the outer shell assembly 11, the difference in pipe length between the second pipe segments 122 of two adjacent pipe groups 13 is greater than or equal to 50mm, ensuring that a certain size of working space is formed between the second pipe segments 122 of two adjacent pipe groups 13. This allows the connecting tools to easily perform connection operations and facilitates non-destructive testing of different pipe groups 13 after connection, ensuring the construction quality of the on-site connection transmission section 10 and improving the reliability of the low-temperature transmission line 100.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figures 3 to 5 The length of the second pipe segment 122 in each pipe group 13 is equal. It is understandable that the connection structure of each second pipe segment 122 is consistent with that of the connecting pipe 20, which facilitates mass production and saves costs.

[0065] In the above technical solution, the length of the second pipe segment 122 in each pipe group 13 is equal, which ensures the consistency of the pipes 12 within the same pipe group 13 during connection. This facilitates batch processing and installation, improving production and installation efficiency. It also benefits the subsequent unified management and maintenance of the pipes 12 within the same pipe group 13. When repairing or replacing a pipe group 13, the identical length of the second pipe segment 122 simplifies and standardizes the operation, reducing complexity and error rates. Furthermore, this design makes the entire cryogenic transmission line 100 more structurally regular and orderly, contributing to improved overall performance stability.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figures 3 to 5 The diameter of pipe 12 in the innermost pipe group 13 is larger than the diameter of the other pipes 12.

[0067] In the above technical solution, the diameter of pipe 12 in the innermost pipe group 13 is larger than that of the other pipes 12, enabling the innermost pipe group 13 to handle a larger flow rate of cryogenic mass transfer. Its larger diameter reduces resistance during transport, improving efficiency. Furthermore, placing the larger diameter pipe 12 on the inside, compared to placing it on the outside, minimizes the impact on the connection of other second pipe sections 122 after the larger diameter second pipe section 122 is connected to the connecting pipe 20, facilitating the connection of other second pipe sections 122 and reducing the impact on subsequent testing, thus improving the reliability of the cryogenic transmission line 100. Simultaneously, since the innermost pipe group 13 is close to the core area of ​​the transmission section 10 and undertakes a more critical cryogenic mass transport function, its larger diameter enhances its structural strength and stability, helping to ensure the reliable operation of the entire cryogenic transmission line 100 in complex environments.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figures 3 to 5 Each pipe group 13 includes at least two pipes 12, and all pipes 12 in each pipe group 13 may have the same or different diameters.

[0069] In the above technical solution, when each tube group 13 includes at least two pipes 12, all pipes 12 in each tube group 13 have the same diameter, which facilitates installation, improves installation efficiency, and also facilitates subsequent maintenance and replacement of the pipes 12. If all pipes 12 in each tube group 13 have different diameters, pipes 12 of appropriate diameter can be flexibly selected according to the transmission requirements of different temperature cryogenic substances and their specific positions and functions in the transmission line. For example, for cryogenic substances that require rapid transmission and large flow rates, pipes 12 with larger diameters can be selected, while for cryogenic substances that do not require high flow rates but require precise temperature control, pipes 12 with smaller diameters can be selected. This can better meet the diverse needs of the superconducting magnets of nuclear fusion devices for cryogenic substances at different temperatures, and improve the adaptability and flexibility of the cryogenic transmission line 100. At the same time, the combination of pipes 12 with different diameters can also optimize the internal space utilization of the transmission section 10 to a certain extent, making the entire structure more compact and reasonable, and improving the space utilization rate of the transmission section 10.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figures 5 to 9 The plurality of pipe groups 13 include a first pipe group 131 and a second pipe group 132. The first pipe group 131 is closer to the center of the housing assembly 11 than the second pipe group 132, and the remaining pipe groups 13 are located outside the second pipe group 132. The first pipe group 131 includes a first pipe 1311 and a second pipe 1312 with equal inner diameters. The first pipe 1311 is located at the center of the housing assembly 11, and the second pipe 1312 and the first pipe 1311 are spaced apart along the radial direction of the housing assembly 11. The second pipe group 132 includes a third pipe 1321 and a fourth pipe 1322. The third pipe 1311... The inner diameters of the first pipe 1311 and the fourth pipe 1322 are smaller than the inner diameter of the first pipe 1311. The inner diameter of the third pipe 1321 is larger than the inner diameter of the fourth pipe 1322. There is at least one third pipe 1321, which is located on the side of the first pipe 1311 close to the second pipe 1312. There are multiple fourth pipes 1322, and their number is greater than the number of third pipes 1321. The multiple fourth pipes 1322 are located on the other side of the first pipe 1311 away from the second pipe 1312. At least one third pipe 1321 and multiple fourth pipes 1322 are arranged in a circle around the circumference of the first pipe 1311.

[0071] In the above technical solution, the first pipe 1311 and the second pipe 1312 of the first pipe group 131 are spaced apart, which facilitates the separate connection and testing of the first pipe 1311 and the second pipe 1312, and helps improve the connection quality of the first pipe group 131. In the second pipe group 132, the third pipe 1321 with a larger diameter is placed between the second pipe 1312 and the first pipe 1311, which can make full use of the space between the first pipe 1311 and the second pipe 1312. At the same time, the fourth pipe 1322 is distributed on the other side of the first pipe 1311, which is conducive to the arrangement of more pipes, facilitates the classified transmission of cold matter at different temperatures, meets the diverse cold matter requirements of the superconducting magnet of the nuclear fusion device, and can also form a relatively stable distribution state in structure. During the connection process, the third pipe 1321 and the fourth pipe 1322 of the second pipe group 132 are arranged in a circumferential manner, which allows the staff to operate from multiple angles, increasing the flexibility and convenience of operation. Moreover, due to the different inner diameters of each pipe 12, the flow rate can be reasonably allocated according to actual needs during cold matter transmission, thereby improving transmission efficiency. In addition, during subsequent maintenance and repair, it also facilitates staff to quickly locate and identify each pipe 12, improves the efficiency of maintenance and repair, reduces the risk of operational errors caused by the chaotic layout of pipe 12, and improves the reliability and stability of the cryogenic transmission line 100.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 5 , Figures 10 to 13 The multiple pipe groups 13 include a third pipe group 133, which is located outside the second pipe group 132. The third pipe group 133 includes a fifth pipe 1331 and a sixth pipe 1332. The inner diameter of the fifth pipe 1331 is larger than the inner diameter of the sixth pipe 1332. There are multiple fifth pipes 1331 and multiple sixth pipes 1332, and the number of fifth pipes 1331 is less than the number of sixth pipes 1332. The multiple fifth pipes 1331 are located on the side of the first pipe 1311 closer to the second pipe 1312, and the multiple sixth pipes 1332 are located on the other side of the first pipe 1311 away from the second pipe 1312. 2. The pipes are arranged in a circular pattern around the first pipe 1311. The multiple pipe groups 13 include a fourth pipe group 134, which is located outside the third pipe group 133. The fourth pipe group 134 includes a seventh pipe 1341 and an eighth pipe 1342. The inner diameter of the seventh pipe 1341 is larger than the inner diameter of the eighth pipe 1342. There are multiple seventh pipes 1341 and multiple eighth pipes 1342, and the number of seventh pipes 1341 is greater than the number of eighth pipes 1342. The multiple seventh pipes 1341 and multiple eighth pipes 1342 are arranged at intervals around the third pipe group 133. The multiple eighth pipes 1342 are located on the other side of the first pipe 1311 away from the second pipe 1312.

[0073] In the above technical solution, in the third pipe group 133, the fifth pipe 1331 with a larger diameter and the third pipe 1321 are arranged on the side close to the first pipe group 131, which is conducive to making full use of space and improving space utilization. The fifth pipe 1331, the sixth pipe 1332, the seventh pipe 1341 and the eighth pipe 1342 are combined with different numbers and inner diameters, and arranged in a circular pattern around the corresponding pipe group 13. This makes the transmission section 10 more efficient and reasonable in terms of space utilization, and can accurately allocate according to the transmission characteristics of different cryogenic substances. Moreover, during welding operations, it provides a richer operating path and space for the welding torch, reducing the difficulty of welding. In the subsequent inspection and maintenance stage, the distribution of pipes 12 also helps the staff to quickly find the target pipes 12 for targeted inspection and maintenance, reducing the trouble and potential risks caused by the complex layout of pipes 12, and improving the performance and reliability of the cryogenic transmission line 100. Meanwhile, the varying number of pipes 12 with different inner diameters better accommodates the diverse needs of the superconducting magnets in nuclear fusion devices for different flow rates and temperatures of cryogenic mass, enabling the cryogenic transmission line 100 to operate stably and efficiently in complex working environments.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 2 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 The protective shell 30 includes a shell 31 and a cold shield 32. Both the shell 31 and the cold shield 32 are tubular structures, and the cold shield 32 is fitted inside the shell 31. The shell 31 includes two detachably connected half-shell parts 311, and the cold shield 32 includes two detachably connected half-cold shield parts 321.

[0075] The cold shield 32 can refer to a component that can serve as a heat shield. The structure and operation of the cold shield 32 are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0076] In the above technical solution, the housing 31 protects components such as the connecting pipe 20 and the cold shield 32, preventing damage to them. The housing 31 adopts a design of two detachably connected half-shell sections 311, facilitating installation and subsequent maintenance. The cold shield 32 effectively reduces the thermal impact of external heat on the cold mass inside the low-temperature transmission line 100, ensuring that the temperature of the cold mass does not change significantly during transmission. The cold shield 32 adopts a design of two detachably connected half-cold shield sections 321, facilitating installation and subsequent maintenance.

[0077] like Figure 6 As shown, and also refer to Figures 5 to 17 The installation method of the cryogenic transmission line 100 according to the embodiments of the present invention includes the cryogenic transmission line 100 of any of the preceding embodiments, and the installation method of the cryogenic transmission line 100 includes:

[0078] Step S1: Connect the second pipe segment 122 of the innermost pipe group 13 between the two transmission sections 10 to the corresponding connecting pipe 20;

[0079] Step S2: Detect the connection position between the second pipe section 122 of the innermost pipe group 13 and the connecting pipe 20;

[0080] Step S3: Following the radial order from the inside to the outside of the outer casing assembly 11, continue to connect the second pipe segment 122 of the next pipe group 13 to the corresponding connecting pipe 20, and perform a test after the connection is completed. Repeat this step until the connection of the second pipe segment 122 of all pipe groups 13 to the corresponding connecting pipe 20 is completed.

[0081] Step S4: Fit the protective shell 30 onto the housing assembly 11 of the two transmission segments 10, and connect the protective shell 30 to the housing assembly 11.

[0082] To facilitate understanding, a specific example is provided: The low-temperature transmission line 100 is provided with four tube groups 13, which are, from the inside out, the first tube group 131, the second tube group 132, the third tube group 133 and the fourth tube group 134. The second tube section 122 and the connecting tube 20 are connected by welding, and the detection method is radiographic testing.

[0083] First, such as Figure 6 As shown, the second pipe segment 122 in the innermost first pipe group 131 is welded to the connecting pipe 20, as follows. Figure 7 As shown, the welding position between the second pipe section 122 of the first pipe assembly 131 and the connecting pipe 20 is then inspected using radiographic testing. Next, as... Figure 8 As shown, the second pipe section 122 in the second pipe group 132 is welded to the connecting pipe 20, as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the welding position between the second pipe section 122 of the second pipe group 132 and the connecting pipe 20 is then inspected using radiographic testing. Then, as... Figure 10 As shown, the second pipe section 122 in the third pipe group 133 is welded to the connecting pipe 20, as follows. Figure 11 As shown, the welding position between the second pipe section 122 and the connecting pipe 20 of the third pipe group 133 is then inspected using radiographic testing. Finally, as... Figure 12 As shown, the second pipe section 122 in the fourth pipe group 134 is welded to the connecting pipe 20, as follows. Figure 13 As shown, the welding position between the second pipe section 122 and the connecting pipe 20 of the fourth pipe group 134 is then inspected by radiographic testing.

[0084] According to the installation method of the cryogenic transmission line 100 of the present invention, by sequentially connecting and detecting the connection positions of different pipe groups 13 and corresponding connecting pipes 20 in two adjacent transmission sections 10, it is beneficial to ensure that the connection and detection of the second pipe section 122 of each pipe group 13 are less affected by interference and influence, thereby providing sufficient space for operation during detection to avoid blind spots in quality control, timely detection of possible connection defects and other problems, ensuring the reliability of the connection between the pipe 12 and the connecting pipe 20, avoiding cold mass leakage, and improving the reliability of the cryogenic transmission line 100.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present invention, the detection step includes: detecting the connection position of the second pipe segment 122 and the connecting pipe 20 at multiple positions arranged circumferentially on the housing assembly 11.

[0086] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 and Figure 13 After all the second pipe segments 122 of each pipe group 13 are connected, multiple detection points 40 are set around the pipe group 13. This allows for the detection of the connection position between the second pipe segment 122 and the connecting pipe 20 from different angles and positions, which can achieve a more comprehensive detection effect and avoid detection blind spots.

[0087] In the above technical solution, multiple positions are set around the outer casing assembly 11 to detect the connection position of the second pipe section 122 and the connecting pipe 20. This allows for comprehensive detection of the connection position of the second pipe section 122 and the connecting pipe 20, ensuring that no connection position is missed. It also effectively detects potential welding defects, such as cracks and pores, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection and ultimately enhancing the reliability of the low-temperature transmission line 100.

[0088] The following is combined Figures 1 to 16 This describes a specific embodiment of the cryogenic transmission line 100 of the present invention.

[0089] The cryogenic transmission line 100 includes two transmission sections 10, a connecting pipe 20, and a protective shell 30.

[0090] The transmission section 10 includes a housing assembly 11 and a plurality of pipes 12. The plurality of pipes 12 form a plurality of pipe groups 13 in the radial direction from the inside to the outside of the housing assembly 11. Each pipe group 13 includes at least one pipe 12. Each pipe 12 includes a connected first pipe segment 121 and a second pipe segment 122. The first pipe segment 121 is located inside the housing assembly 11, and the second pipe segment 122 is located outside the housing assembly 11. The lengths of the second pipe segments 122 in each pipe group 13 are equal. In the radial direction from the inside to the outside of the housing assembly 11, the length difference of the second pipe segments 122 of two adjacent pipe groups 13 is equal to 50 mm, so that a working space is formed between the second pipe segments 122 of two adjacent pipe groups 13.

[0091] The tube assembly 13 includes a first tube assembly 131, a second tube assembly 132, a third tube assembly 133, and a fourth tube assembly 134. The first tube assembly 131 is closer to the center of the housing assembly 11 than the second tube assembly 132. The third tube assembly 133 is located outside the second tube assembly 132, and the fourth tube assembly 134 is located outside the third tube assembly 133.

[0092] The first pipe assembly 131 includes a first pipe 1311 and a second pipe 1312 with equal inner diameters. The first pipe 1311 is located at the center of the housing assembly 11, and the second pipe 1312 and the first pipe 1311 are spaced apart along the radial direction of the housing assembly 11.

[0093] The second pipe group 132 includes a third pipe 1321 and a fourth pipe 1322. The inner diameter of the third pipe 1321 and the fourth pipe 1322 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first pipe 1311. The inner diameter of the third pipe 1321 is larger than the inner diameter of the fourth pipe 1322. There is at least one third pipe 1321 and it is located on the side of the first pipe 1311 close to the second pipe 1312. There are multiple fourth pipes 1322 and the number is greater than the number of third pipes 1321. The multiple fourth pipes 1322 are located on the other side of the first pipe 1311 away from the second pipe 1312. At least one third pipe 1321 and multiple fourth pipes 1322 are arranged in a circle around the circumference of the first pipe 1311.

[0094] The third pipe group 133 includes a fifth pipe 1331 and a sixth pipe 1332. The inner diameter of the fifth pipe 1331 is larger than the inner diameter of the sixth pipe 1332. There are multiple fifth pipes 1331 and multiple sixth pipes 1332, and the number of fifth pipes 1331 is less than the number of sixth pipes 1332. The multiple fifth pipes 1331 are located on the side of the first pipe 1311 close to the second pipe 1312, and the multiple sixth pipes 1332 are located on the other side of the first pipe 1311 away from the second pipe 1312. The multiple fifth pipes 1331 and multiple sixth pipes 1332 are arranged in a circle around the circumference of the first pipe 1311.

[0095] The fourth pipe group 134 includes a seventh pipe 1341 and an eighth pipe 1342. The inner diameter of the seventh pipe 1341 is larger than the inner diameter of the eighth pipe 1342. There are multiple seventh pipes 1341 and multiple eighth pipes 1342, and the number of seventh pipes 1341 is greater than the number of eighth pipes 1342. The multiple seventh pipes 1341 and multiple eighth pipes 1342 are arranged circumferentially around the third pipe group 133. The multiple eighth pipes 1342 are located on the other side of the first pipe 1311 away from the second pipe 1312.

[0096] The second pipe segment 122 of any two adjacent transmission segments 10 are connected by a connecting pipe 20.

[0097] The protective shell 30 includes a shell 31 and a cold shield 32. Both the shell 31 and the cold shield 32 are tubular structures, and the cold shield 32 is fitted inside the shell 31. The shell 31 includes two detachably connected half-shell parts 311, and the cold shield 32 includes two detachably connected half-cold shield parts 321.

[0098] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "optionally," "furthermore," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0099] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cryogenic transmission line for supplying cryogenic mass to a superconducting magnet in a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, include: At least two transmission sections, each transmission section including a housing assembly and multiple pipes, the multiple pipes forming multiple pipe groups radially from the inside to the outside of the housing assembly, each pipe group including at least one pipe, each pipe including a connected first pipe segment and a second pipe segment, the first pipe segment being disposed inside the housing assembly, the second pipe segment being disposed outside the housing assembly, and the length of the second pipe segments of the multiple pipe groups gradually decreasing in the radial direction from the inside to the outside of the housing assembly, so that a working space is formed between the second pipe segments of two adjacent pipe groups; The connecting pipe connects any two adjacent transmission segments through the second pipe segment. A protective shell, through which the outer shell assemblies of any two adjacent transmission segments are connected.

2. The low-temperature transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the radial direction from the inside out of the housing assembly, the difference in length between the second pipe segments of two adjacent pipe groups is greater than or equal to 50 mm.

3. The low-temperature transmission line according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second pipe segment of each of the pipe assemblies is of equal length.

4. The low-temperature transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the pipe in the innermost pipe group is larger than the diameter of the other pipes.

5. The low-temperature transmission line according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the remaining pipe groups, each pipe group includes at least two pipes, and all the pipes in each pipe group have equal or unequal diameters.

6. The low-temperature transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of tube groups include a first tube group and a second tube group, wherein the first tube group is closer to the center of the housing assembly than the second tube group, and the remaining tube groups are located outside the second tube group. The first pipe assembly includes a first pipe and a second pipe with equal inner diameters. The first pipe is located at the center of the housing assembly, and the second pipe and the first pipe are spaced apart along the radial direction of the housing assembly. The second pipe assembly includes a third pipe and a fourth pipe. The inner diameter of the third pipe and the fourth pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the first pipe. The inner diameter of the third pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the fourth pipe. There is at least one third pipe, which is located on the side of the first pipe closer to the second pipe. There are multiple fourth pipes, and their number is greater than the number of third pipes. The multiple fourth pipes are located on the other side of the first pipe away from the second pipe. At least one third pipe and multiple fourth pipes are arranged circumferentially around the first pipe.

7. The low-temperature transmission line according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plurality of pipe groups includes a third pipe group located outside the second pipe group. The third pipe group includes a fifth pipe and a sixth pipe. The inner diameter of the fifth pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the sixth pipe. There are multiple fifth pipes and multiple sixth pipes, and the number of fifth pipes is less than the number of sixth pipes. The plurality of fifth pipes are located on the side of the first pipe closer to the second pipe, and the plurality of sixth pipes are located on the other side of the first pipe away from the second pipe. The plurality of fifth pipes and the plurality of sixth pipes are arranged in a circular pattern around the circumference of the first pipe. The plurality of pipe groups includes a fourth pipe group, which is located outside the third pipe group. The fourth pipe group includes a seventh pipe and an eighth pipe. The inner diameter of the seventh pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the eighth pipe. There are multiple seventh pipes and multiple eighth pipes, and the number of seventh pipes is greater than the number of eighth pipes. The plurality of seventh pipes and the plurality of eighth pipes are arranged circumferentially around the third pipe group. The plurality of eighth pipes are located on the other side of the first pipe away from the second pipe.

8. The cryogenic transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective shell includes a shell and a cold shield, both of which are tubular structures, with the cold shield fitted inside the shell; wherein, the shell includes two detachably connected half-shell portions, and the cold shield includes two detachably connected half-cold shield portions.

9. A method for installing a low-temperature transmission line, characterized in that, The method, comprising a cryogenic transmission line as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, includes: Connect the second pipe segment of the innermost pipe group between the two transmission segments to the corresponding connecting pipe; The connection position between the second pipe segment of the innermost pipe group and the connecting pipe is detected; Following the radial order from the inside to the outside of the outer casing assembly, continue connecting the second pipe segment of the next pipe group to the corresponding connecting pipe, and perform a test after the connection is completed. Repeat this step until the connection of the second pipe segment of all pipe groups to the corresponding connecting pipe is completed. The protective shell is fitted onto the housing assembly of the two transmission segments, and the protective shell is connected to the housing assembly.

10. The method for installing a cryogenic transmission line according to claim 9, characterized in that, The detection steps include: setting multiple positions around the circumference of the housing assembly to detect the connection position between the second pipe segment and the connecting pipe.

Images