Earthquake single-shot energy analysis method based on offset, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum seismic exploration, and particularly discloses a seismic single-shot energy analysis method based on offset, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, analyzing single shot data, and calculating to obtain theoretical first arrival time of each trace; calculating the channel energy Ei of each channel according to the theoretical first arrival time of each channel; and finally, calculating the cannon energy of a single cannon according to the channel energy Ei of each channel. The expression of the shot energy is shown in the specification, n is the number of channels, and offset is shot-geophone offset. The invention provides an accurate single-shot energy algorithm for acquisition and production, and realizes timely analysis of accurate single-shot excitation energy, namely the value of shot energy, under the condition that a trace data sample is incomplete.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of petroleum seismic exploration technology, specifically relating to a seismic single-shot energy analysis method based on shot-receiver distance, electronic equipment, and computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In seismic exploration of petroleum, monitoring and analyzing single-shot energy is a crucial aspect of quality analysis during seismic data acquisition, as single-shot energy directly impacts seismic data quality. Current techniques commonly employ methods for analyzing single-shot energy by calculating the root mean square (RMS) value of each trace within a single shot and then summing these RMS values ​​to arrive at the single-shot energy. This approach is sufficient for analyzing complete single-shot records from purely wired acquisitions. However, with advancements in geophysical equipment technology, nodal instruments are now widely used in seismic data acquisition. While nodal instruments offer significant convenience for seismic data acquisition, they currently suffer from an inherent limitation: they cannot provide real-time single-shot data. Because nodal instrument-acquired data contains gaps, obtaining complete single-shot data requires downloading and processing the acquired data. The process from retrieving the nodal instrument to downloading and processing the data into complete single-shot data often takes tens of days, posing a significant challenge to monitoring acquisition quality.

[0003] In the existing technology, in order to monitor the quality of single-shot data in real time, the owner requires the geophysical exploration team to set up several monitoring arrays during the acquisition and production process, and to analyze the seismic data obtained from the monitoring arrays. Figure 1 The image shows an incomplete single-shot record obtained from the monitoring arrangement. Figure 2 As shown Figure 1 The corresponding complete single-shot record. For Figure 1 The earthquake single-shot data shown in the monitoring array cannot be accurately analyzed using the conventional energy analysis algorithm described above. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings in existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a seismic single-shot energy analysis method based on shot-receiver distance.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A seismic single-shot energy analysis method based on shot-receiver distance, the method comprising the following steps performed sequentially:

[0007] S1. Analyze the single-shot data and calculate the theoretical first arrival time for each shot;

[0008] S2. Calculate the energy E of each path based on its theoretical arrival time. i ;

[0009] S3, calculating the shot energy E of each shot by the trace energy E of each trace i shot shot The expression of the shot energy E is:

[0010]

[0011] Wherein, n is the number of traces, offset is the offset, 10 is the coefficient. i 6

[0012] As a limitation, the specific steps of analyzing the single shot data and obtaining the theoretical first arrival time of each trace in the step S1 are as follows:

[0013] S11, reading the seismic single shot data in segd format or sgy format, obtaining the single shot point coordinates and the coordinates of each trace, and reading the sample point values of each trace;

[0014] S12, calculating the offset offset of each trace according to the single shot data i , and obtaining the theoretical first arrival time t = offset i / v according to the direct wave velocity v.

[0015] As a second limitation, all the traces without data are excluded before the step S2.

[0016] As a third limitation, the calculation process of the trace energy E i in the step S2 is as follows:

[0017] S21, opening the same size time window on both sides of the first arrival time t of each trace, which are the time window before the first arrival time and the time window after the first arrival time;

[0018] S22, calculating the root mean square values of the sample points in the two time windows respectively, and the root mean square value of the sample points in the time window before the first arrival time is recorded as E ibefore , and the root mean square value of the sample points in the time window after the first arrival time is recorded as E iafter ;

[0019] The trace energy of each trace is expressed as:

[0020] E i =E iafter -E ibefore .

[0021] As a fourth limitation, the process of calculating the shot energy of each shot by the trace energy E i of each trace in the step S3 is as follows:

[0022] ​​​​The energy density of the wave front at any time is inversely proportional to the square of the distance relative to the energy density at a unit distance, and the trace energy of any trace is expressed as:

[0023] E shot = E i * offset i 2

[0024] Since the trace energy is affected by the propagation path, reservoir properties, surface lithology, shot depth and explosive quantity, the trace energy of all traces is averaged to obtain the expression of the shot energy of a single shot.

[0025] Another object of the present application is to provide an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, said memory storing a computer program, characterized in that said processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing said computer program.

[0026] Another object of the present application is to provide a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, said computer program implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 when executed by a processor.

[0027] Thanks to the above technical solutions, the present application has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0028] (1) The method of the present application solves the problem of inaccurate conventional energy analysis of incomplete single-shot data or synthetic single-shot data of a monitoring arrangement by including the offset of each trace in the analysis process, and provides an accurate single-shot energy algorithm for acquisition production, which can reflect the real single-shot excitation energy in time and avoid the quality accident of generally weak single-shot energy analyzed;

[0029] (2) The method of the present application realizes the matching of the excitation energy analyzed under the condition of incomplete trace data with the energy of complete trace data, so that the energy analyzed from the incomplete single-shot data can reflect the size of the excitation energy and the change of the excitation energy in the work area;

[0030] (3) The method of the present application truly reflects the change of the single-shot excitation energy, eliminates the energy caused by external interference before the first arrival of the single shot, and ensures that the calculated single-shot shot energy is more accurate.

[0031] In summary, the present application provides an accurate single-shot energy algorithm for acquisition production, which can analyze the accurate single-shot excitation energy, i.e. the value of the shot energy, in time under the condition of incomplete trace data samples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Figure 1 Monitoring incomplete single shot record arrangement for prior art;

[0034] Figure 2 Monitoring complete single shot record arrangement for prior art;

[0035] Figure 3 Flow chart for technical solution of embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0036] Figure 4 Theoretical first arrival and actual first arrival picked up for embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0037] Figure 5 Comparison chart of energy trend of monitoring arrangement data and complete single shot data for embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0038] Figure 6 Trace energy plane distribution schematic diagram of file number 48 for embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0039] Figure 7 Trace energy plane distribution schematic diagram of file number 69 for embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0040] Figure 8 Trace energy plane distribution schematic diagram of file number 70 for embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0041] Figure 9 Electronic device structure schematic diagram for embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0042] In the figure, 1, processor, 2, memory, 3, input device, 4, output device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to better explain the present application and facilitate understanding, the preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail below by specific embodiments in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Embodiment 1: Seismic single shot energy analysis method based on shot distance

[0045] As shown in the figure, the present embodiment includes the following steps performed in sequence: Figure 3

[0046] S1, analyzing single shot data and calculating the theoretical first arrival time of each trace; wherein the single shot data in seismic acquisition is a file formed by corresponding geophones receiving at the time of shooting according to the designed receiving relationship.

[0047] ​S11, read the seismic single shot data in segd format or sgy format, obtain the single shot point coordinates and the coordinates of each trace, and read the sample point values of each trace; wherein the single shot segd or sgy format data is generated in real time by a seismic instrument vehicle based on the received seismic signals;

[0048] S12, calculate the offset of each trace according to the single shot data i , the offset of each trace i , that is, the distance between the shot point coordinates and the receiver point coordinates; and obtain the theoretical first arrival time t = offset of each trace according to the direct wave velocity v i / v;

[0049] As shown in Figure 4 , the direct wave velocity used in the embodiment ensures that the theoretical first arrival is above the actual first arrival and is substantially parallel, the green color in the figure is the calculated theoretical first arrival, and the red color is the actual first arrival, which is picked up based on the theoretical first arrival through the energy ratio algorithm. The energy ratio algorithm is a common method for first arrival picking in the prior art, which divides a time window into two equal parts, calculates the ratio of the energy sums of the two parts, and determines the time window in which the first arrival time is located and picks up the first arrival in the time window.

[0050] Before step S2 is performed, the traces without data are excluded, and the following steps are performed for the traces with data.

[0051] S2, calculate the real energy E of each trace from the theoretical first arrival time of each trace i .

[0052] S21, open time windows of the same size on both sides of the first arrival time t of each trace, which are the time window before the first arrival time and the time window after the first arrival time;

[0053] S22, calculate the root mean square values of the sample points in the two times respectively, and the root mean square value of the sample points in the time window before the first arrival time is denoted as E ibefore , and the root mean square value of the sample points in the time window after the first arrival time is denoted as E iafter .

[0054] The real energy of each trace is expressed as: E i =E iafter -E ibefore .

[0055] S3, calculate the shot energy E of the single shot from the trace energy E i of each trace shot ;

[0056] According to the principle of spherical diffusion compensation, in a homogeneous medium, the wavefront is a sphere centered on the seismic source. The energy density of the wavefront at any given time is inversely proportional to the square of the distance relative to the energy density per unit distance. Therefore, the trace energy at any receiver point can be expressed as: E i =E shot / offset i 2 .

[0057] Since the energy of the tunnel varies due to various factors, such as propagation path, reservoir properties, surface lithology, ignition depth and explosive charge, it is necessary to sum up the energy of all the tunnel data and take the average to obtain the ignition energy value of a single shot.

[0058] The gun energy E shot The expression is:

[0059]

[0060] Where n is the number of channels, and Offset is... i For the gun-receiver distance, 10 6 The coefficient is set to compensate for the multiplier of the shot energy level, which is determined by the current maximum shot-receiver distance in seismic exploration.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, this embodiment analyzes the monitoring arrangement data and complete single-shot data of fourteen shots in a project. The upper line in the figure represents the complete single-shot data, and the lower line represents the monitoring arrangement data. From the comparison of energy curves, the energy values ​​of the monitoring arrangement data and the complete single-shot energy values ​​match well, showing that the energy values ​​of this embodiment are representative for the analysis of incomplete data.

[0062] Figures 6-8 The figures shown are the complete single-shot energy plane distribution diagrams for files 48, 69, and 70, respectively. The size of the red area in the figure can be used to illustrate the energy analysis algorithm of this embodiment. The figure also reflects the changes in excitation energy in the work area well, which has significant guiding significance for monitoring the production quality of seismic acquisition.

[0063] Example 2: Electronic device and computer-readable storage medium for seismic single-shot energy analysis based on shot-receiver distance.

[0064] like Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device in this embodiment is a computer device, which mainly includes one or more processors 1 and a memory 2. Figure 9The computer device can further include an input device 3 and an output device 4. The processor 1, the memory 2, the input device 3 and the output device 4 can be connected through a bus or other means, Figure 9 The computer device can further include an input device 3 and an output device 4. The processor 1, the memory 2, the input device 3 and the output device 4 can be connected through a bus or other means,

[0065] The processor 1 can be a central processing unit (CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, chips, or combinations thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor. The memory 2 stores a computer program, and the processor 1 executes the computer program to implement the steps of the seismic single-shot energy analysis method in Embodiment 1.

[0066] The input device 3 is configured to receive single-shot data collected by a geophone, and the output device 4 includes a display device such as a display screen, and is configured to output the seismic single-shot energy analysis result.

[0067] The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor 1, can implement the steps of the seismic single-shot energy analysis method in Embodiment 1. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form. The computer readable medium includes any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory 2, read-only memory 2 (ROM), random access memory 2 (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc.

Claims

1. A method for seismic single-shot energy analysis based on shot-receiver distance, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps performed sequentially: S1. Analyze the single-shot data and calculate the theoretical first arrival time for each shot; S2. Calculate the energy E of each path based on its theoretical arrival time. i ; S3, composed of the energy E of each path. i Calculate the gun energy E of a single gun. shot The gun energy E shot The expression is: Where n is the number of channels, and offset i For the gun-receiver distance, 10 6 is a coefficient.

2. The seismic single-shot energy analysis method based on shot-receiver distance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for parsing single-shot data and obtaining the theoretical first arrival time for each trajectory in step S1 are as follows: S11. Read the seismic single-shot data in segd or sgy format, obtain the coordinates of the shot points and the coordinates of each trace, and read the sample point values ​​of each trace. S12. Calculate the gun-receiver offset for each trajectory based on the single-shot data. i And based on the direct wave velocity v, the theoretical first arrival time t = offset for each channel is obtained. i / v.

3. The seismic single-shot energy analysis method based on shot-receiver distance according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before proceeding to step S2, exclude all channels that have no data.

4. The seismic single-shot energy analysis method based on shot-receiver distance according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the energy E i The calculation process is as follows: S21. Open time windows of the same size on both sides of the initial arrival time t of each track, namely the time window before the initial arrival time and the time window after the initial arrival time; S22. Calculate the root mean square (RMS) values ​​of the sample points within each of the two time windows. The RMS value of the sample points in the time window before the initial arrival time is denoted as E. ibefore The root mean square value of the sample points in the time window after the initial arrival time is denoted as E. iafter ; The energy of each Dao is represented as: AND i =And iafter -AND ibefore 。 5. The seismic single-shot energy analysis method based on shot-receiver distance according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the energy E of each channel is... i The process of calculating the gun energy of a single gun is as follows: The wavefront energy density at any given time is inversely proportional to the square of the distance relative to the energy density per unit distance. Therefore, the energy of any wavefront is expressed as: E shot =E i *offset i 2 Since the energy of a single shot is affected by factors such as the propagation path, reservoir properties, surface lithology, activation well depth, and explosive charge, the energy of all shots is averaged to obtain the expression for the energy of a single shot.

6. An electronic device comprising one or more processors and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-5.

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