Expressway toll station deceleration area energy recovery system based on flexible magnetofluid pavement

Abstract

The invention discloses a highway toll station deceleration area energy recovery system based on a flexible magnetofluid pavement, and belongs to the technical field of highway traffic energy recovery and utilization. The system comprises a flexible pavement layer, a magnetofluid channel, a magnetic field generating device, an electrode, a lead and an energy storage device. When a vehicle passes, the flexible pavement layer is pressed and deformed, the conductive fluid in the magnetic fluid channel is pushed to flow, magnetic induction lines are cut in a magnetic field to generate induced electromotive force, and the induced electromotive force is led out through the electrodes and stored in the energy storage device. The system can efficiently convert kinetic energy in the vehicle deceleration process into electric energy, has the advantages of being high in energy recovery efficiency, simple in structure, convenient to install and maintain and the like, is suitable for places needing frequent deceleration such as highway toll stations, and has the remarkable energy-saving effect and popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of highway traffic energy recovery and utilization technology, specifically relating to an energy recovery system for deceleration zones of highway toll stations based on flexible magnetofluid pavement. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, vehicles in highway tollbooth deceleration zones need to slow down significantly from high speeds, generating a large amount of kinetic energy. If this energy is not recovered and utilized, it will be wasted. Existing energy recovery technologies mainly include mechanical energy storage, hydraulic energy storage, and piezoelectric power generation, but all have certain limitations. For example, mechanical transmission energy recovery devices are complex in structure, prone to wear, and have low efficiency; hydraulic systems have leakage risks and high maintenance costs; piezoelectric power generation has low energy conversion efficiency and may weaken the forced deceleration effect of speed bumps.

[0003] In the field of magnetic energy recovery, some related patents already exist. For example, a speed bump power generation device using the principle of electromagnetic induction generates current by having a coil cut magnetic field lines through vehicle running over it, but this has structural durability issues. Other patents propose energy-saving speed bumps that use piezoelectric-magnetic fluid coupling for power generation, or road surface energy harvesting devices that combine electromagnetic levitation flywheel energy storage technology, improving energy conversion efficiency and stability, but the system structure is still relatively complex.

[0004] Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation, as a method of directly converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, has advantages such as high efficiency, low pollution, and fast start-up. It uses a room-temperature conductive fluid (such as a low-melting-point gallium alloy), avoiding the technical difficulties associated with high-temperature operation. The induced electromotive force is generated by the conductive fluid flowing in a magnetic field and cutting magnetic field lines. However, research and practice on combining this technology with the deformation characteristics of flexible road surfaces and applying it to energy recovery in toll station deceleration zones are still relatively lacking.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies have not been able to fully utilize the kinetic energy of vehicles decelerating in tollbooth deceleration zones, and generally suffer from low conversion efficiency, system complexity, or high maintenance costs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel energy recovery system that can efficiently and reliably convert deceleration kinetic energy into electrical energy, and is suitable for practical road applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an energy recovery system for the deceleration zone of a highway toll station based on a flexible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pavement. This system fully utilizes the kinetic energy of vehicles during deceleration at toll stations, combining the flexible pavement with MHD power generation technology to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy, thereby achieving effective energy recovery and utilization and improving energy efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] An energy recovery system for the deceleration zone of a highway toll station based on a flexible magnetohydrodynamic pavement includes a flexible pavement layer, a magnetohydrodynamic channel, a magnetic field generator, electrodes and leads, and an energy storage device; wherein,

[0009] The flexible pavement layer is laid on the road surface of the deceleration zone of the toll station, and the deformation under pressure promotes the flow of the conductive fluid inside it.

[0010] The magnetohydrodynamic channel is a closed loop, arranged around the flexible pavement layer and connected to the flexible pavement layer, for supplying the flow of conductive fluid.

[0011] The magnetic field generating device is located outside the magnetofluid channel and is used to generate a stable magnetic field inside the magnetofluid channel;

[0012] The electrode is located in the magnetofluid channel and is used to capture the induced electrical energy generated when the conductive fluid flows through the magnetofluid channel and cuts the magnetic field lines. The lead is connected to the electrode to export the induced electrical energy to an external energy storage device.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0014] It achieves efficient recovery of vehicle kinetic energy in the deceleration zone of toll stations, and directly converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through magnetohydrodynamic power generation technology. The energy conversion efficiency is significantly higher than that of traditional piezoelectric or mechanical energy storage methods.

[0015] The system adopts a flexible pavement layer structure, which can adapt to different vehicle models and speeds, has good durability and reliability, and does not affect the normal deceleration function of the vehicle.

[0016] Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation has a rapid response and can quickly generate electricity during the brief passage of a vehicle, making it particularly suitable for scenarios with high traffic volume and frequent deceleration.

[0017] The overall system has a simple structure, the main components are easy to seal and protect, the maintenance cost is low, and it can be implemented based on the modification of the deceleration zone of the existing toll station, showing good prospects for engineering application.

[0018] This technology helps reduce energy waste and achieve green energy conservation. It is suitable for highway sections with frequent heavy-duty vehicle traffic and has significant potential for large-scale application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an energy recovery system for the deceleration zone of a highway toll station based on a flexible magnetohydrodynamic pavement, according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of an energy recovery system for the deceleration zone of a highway toll station based on a flexible magnetohydrodynamic pavement, according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3This is an internal cross-sectional view of the flexible pavement layer.

[0022] Figure label:

[0023] 1: Front flexible pavement, 2: Rear flexible pavement, 3: Hardened pavement strip, 4-1: Upper flow channel, 4-2: Middle channel, 4-3: Lower flow channel, 5: First magnetic pole, 6: Second magnetic pole, 7: Pressure band, 8: Pressure strain gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] The energy recovery system for deceleration zones of highway toll stations based on flexible magnetohydrodynamic pavement of the present invention mainly includes a flexible pavement layer, a magnetohydrodynamic channel, a magnetic field generating device, electrodes and electrode leads, and an energy storage device, wherein:

[0026] The flexible pavement layer, installed on the deceleration zone of highway toll stations, is made of a material with good elasticity and flexibility. When a vehicle travels on the flexible pavement layer, the road surface deforms due to the pressure and speed of the vehicle, creating undulations that provide power for the flow of conductive fluid. The flexible pavement layer can absorb the energy generated by the weight and speed of vehicles traveling on it.

[0027] The magnetic fluid channels are laid around the flexible pavement layer and are tightly fitted to the pressure deformation components of the flexible pavement layer. The magnetic fluid channels are filled with a conductive fluid, such as a low-melting-point gallium alloy. When the flexible pavement layer deforms, it will push the conductive fluid to flow within the magnetic fluid channels.

[0028] The magnetic field generating device is arranged outside the magnetofluid channel to create a stable magnetic field within the channel. When the conductive fluid flows in the magnetic field, it cuts the magnetic lines of force, generating induced electrical energy.

[0029] The electrodes and electrode leads: The electrodes are arranged inside the magnetofluid channel, and the electrode leads are connected to the electrodes and pass through the wall of the magnetofluid channel to connect with the external energy storage device, so as to extract the induced electrical energy generated by the conductive fluid cutting the magnetic lines of force.

[0030] The energy storage device is connected to the electrode leads and is used to store the induced electrical energy generated by the conductive fluid cutting the magnetic lines of force for later use.

[0031] The system works as follows: When a car enters the deceleration zone of a highway toll station, it travels on a flexible pavement layer. Due to the car's weight and speed, the flexible pavement layer deforms, creating wave-like undulations that allow the car to decelerate without braking. These undulations propel the conductive fluid within the magnetohydrodynamic channels. As the conductive fluid flows in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator, it cuts magnetic lines of force, generating an induced electromotive force according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. This induced electromotive force is then connected to an energy storage device via electrodes and electrode leads, converting the kinetic energy of the conductive fluid into electrical energy, which is then stored in the energy storage device. The faster the car travels and the heavier it is, the greater the pressure on the flexible pavement layer, the more pronounced the deformation of the flexible pavement layer, and the faster the conductive fluid flows, thus generating more electrical energy.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the flexible pavement layer includes a front flexible pavement 1, a rear flexible pavement 2, and a hardened pavement strip 3. The hardened pavement strip 3 is located between the front flexible pavement 1 and the rear flexible pavement 2, and serves to isolate the front flexible pavement 1 and the rear flexible pavement 2. Its length is greater than 13m. When the entire vehicle moves on the hardened pavement strip 3, neither the front flexible pavement 1 nor the rear flexible pavement 2 is subjected to pressure, and the conductive fluid does not flow. The front flexible pavement 1 and the rear flexible pavement 2 have the same structure. Taking the front flexible pavement 1 as an example, it is a hollow body, containing a pressure band 7 and pressure strain gauges 8. The pressure band 7 encloses the pressure strain gauges 8. There can be multiple pressure strain gauges 8. The pressure band 7 can be flexible or rigid, while the pressure strain gauges 8 are flexible.

[0033] The magnetohydrodynamic channel includes an upper channel 4-1, a middle channel 4-2, and a lower channel 4-3. The front flexible surface 1, the upper channel 4-1, the middle channel 4-2, the lower channel 4-3, and the rear flexible surface 2 are sequentially connected to form a closed, interconnected space where conductive fluid flows. Initially, the front flexible surface 1 is filled with conductive fluid (which can be a low-melting-point gallium alloy), while the rear flexible surface 2 contains no conductive fluid. When a car enters a speed bump, it sequentially passes through the front flexible surface 1, the hardened road surface 3, and the rear flexible surface 2 before exiting. When passing through the front flexible surface 1, ... The conductive fluid is pressurized and flows sequentially through the upper channel 4-1, the middle channel 4-2, and the lower channel 4-3 into the rear flexible pavement 2. After the car completes its movement on the front flexible pavement 1, it reaches the hardened pavement strip 3. At this time, neither the front flexible pavement 1 nor the rear flexible pavement 2 is pressurized, but there is no conductive fluid in the front flexible pavement 1, while the rear flexible pavement 2 is full. After the car passes through the hardened pavement strip 3, it enters the rear flexible pavement 2. The conductive fluid in the rear flexible pavement 2 is pressurized and flows sequentially through the lower channel 4-3, the middle channel 4-2, and the upper channel 4-1 back into the front flexible pavement 1.

[0034] Preferably, the magnetohydrodynamic channels are arranged on both sides of the flexible pavement layer to achieve complete movement of the conductive fluid.

[0035] The magnetic field generating device includes a first magnetic pole 5 and a second magnetic pole 6, which are symmetrically arranged on the outside of the middle channel 4-2. It is used to generate a magnetic field in the middle channel 4-2. The conductive fluid flows in the middle channel 4-2 and cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate an induced electromotive force. The generated electrical energy is exported by connecting to the energy storage device through electrodes and electrode leads.

[0036] A pair of electrodes are arranged in the central channel 4-2. The central channel 4-2, the first magnetic pole 5, the second magnetic pole 6, and the pair of electrodes in the central channel 4-2 constitute a magnetohydrodynamic power generation unit. There can be multiple magnetohydrodynamic power generation units, which are arranged around the flexible pavement layer.

[0037] Example:

[0038] First, the road surface in the deceleration zone of the highway toll station is cleaned and leveled to ensure a clean and smooth surface. A flexible pavement layer is then laid on the cleaned surface, with its thickness adjusted according to the actual situation, generally 5-10 cm. During the laying process, the smoothness and continuity of the pavement layer must be ensured to avoid cracks and bumps. Electrodes, magnetofluid channels, and electrode leads are integrated, ensuring good electrical contact between the electrodes and leads, and electrical insulation between the electrodes and the magnetofluid channels. Magnetofluid channels and connecting pipes are laid around the flexible pavement layer, ensuring good sealing of the resulting interconnected space. The magnetofluid channels are made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength, electrically insulating, and non-magnetic materials, such as epoxy resin. The layout of the magnetofluid channels must be reasonable to ensure smooth flow of conductive fluid. Conductive fluid is then injected into the flexible pavement layer, filling the magnetofluid channels completely. A magnetic field generator is installed and fixed around the magnetofluid channels, placing the channels within a magnetic field space. The magnetic field generating device can use permanent magnets or electromagnets to ensure that the generated magnetic field is uniform and stable; the electrode leads and the energy storage device are connected, and the energy storage device can be a large-capacity energy storage device such as a lithium battery. The electrical contact surfaces between the electrodes, electrode leads, connecting cables and energy storage devices have good electrical contact to ensure that electrical energy can be efficiently transferred to the energy storage device.

[0039] Suppose a 60-ton truck is traveling through a 1-kilometer-long deceleration zone at a highway toll station. The truck's initial speed is 120 km / h, and its speed decreases to 20 km / h after passing through the deceleration zone.

[0040] According to the kinetic energy formula ,in For the quality of the car, The car's speed. The car's initial kinetic energy:

[0041] ,

[0042] Ultimate kinetic energy of automobiles:

[0043] J,

[0044] The kinetic energy lost by a car during deceleration:

[0045] .

[0046] Assuming the energy conversion efficiency of the energy recovery system of this invention is 30% (the actual efficiency can be further optimized through experiments), then the recoverable electrical energy is:

[0047] ,

[0048] This means that if a 60-ton vehicle decelerates from 120 km / h to 20 km / h in a 1-kilometer deceleration zone, approximately 2.7 kWh of electrical energy can be recovered using the energy recovery system of this invention. On the Hangzhou-Ningbo Port section of the Zhejiang Expressway, 16,000 container trucks pass through the toll station deceleration zone daily in one direction, resulting in a cumulative recoverable energy of 45,000 kWh / day.

[0049] Regularly inspect the flexible pavement layer for damage, wear, and leaks. Repair or replace any damaged parts promptly. Check the magnetofluid channels and connecting pipes for leaks and blockages to ensure proper flow of the conductive fluid. Perform regular maintenance on the magnetic field generating device, checking its operating status to ensure stable performance. Monitor the energy storage device's power and status, charging and maintaining it promptly to ensure its proper storage and release of electrical energy.

[0050] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highway toll station deceleration area energy recovery system based on a flexible magnetic fluid pavement, characterized in that, The flexible pavement layer, the magnetic fluid channel, the magnetic field generating device, the electrode and the lead wire and the energy storage device, wherein The flexible pavement layer is laid on the road surface of the toll station deceleration area and is deformed under pressure to drive the conductive fluid in the flexible pavement layer to flow. The magnetic fluid channel is a closed loop arranged around the flexible pavement layer and in communication with the flexible pavement layer for the conductive fluid to flow. The magnetic field generating device is arranged outside the magnetic fluid channel to form a stable magnetic field in the magnetic fluid channel. The electrode is arranged in the magnetic fluid channel to capture the induced electric energy generated by cutting the magnetic induction lines when the conductive fluid flows through the magnetic fluid channel, and the lead wire is connected to the electrode to lead the induced electric energy out of the external energy storage device.

2. The energy recovery system for deceleration zone of highway toll station based on flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible pavement layer comprises a front flexible pavement (1), a rear flexible pavement (2) and a pavement hardening belt (3) between the two; the front flexible pavement (1) and the rear flexible pavement (2) are the same in structure, both being hollow bodies with a pressure belt (7) and a pressure strain gauge (8) arranged inside.

3. The energy recovery system for deceleration lane of highway toll station based on flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 2, characterized in that, The magnetic fluid channel comprises an upper flow channel (4-1), a middle channel (4-2) and a lower flow channel (4-3); the front flexible pavement (1), the upper flow channel (4-1), the middle channel (4-2), the lower flow channel (4-3) and the rear flexible pavement (2) are connected in sequence to form a closed communication space for the conductive fluid to circulate and flow.

4. The energy recovery system for deceleration lane of highway toll station based on flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnetic field generating device comprises a first magnetic pole (5) and a second magnetic pole (6) symmetrically arranged outside the middle channel (4-2) to generate a magnetic field in the middle channel (4-2).

5. A highway tollgate deceleration zone energy recovery system based on a flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 4, characterized in that, A pair of electrodes are arranged in the middle channel (4-2), and the middle channel (4-2), the first magnetic pole (5), the second magnetic pole (6) and the electrodes together constitute a magnetic fluid power generation unit.

6. A highway tollgate deceleration zone energy recovery system based on a flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 5, characterized in that, A plurality of the magnetic fluid power generation units are arranged around the flexible pavement layer.

7. The energy recovery system for deceleration lane of highway toll station based on flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive fluid is a low-melting-point gallium alloy.

8. The energy recovery system for deceleration lane of highway toll station based on flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the pavement hardening belt (3) is greater than 13 meters to ensure that the front flexible pavement (1) and the rear flexible pavement (2) are not under pressure when the whole vehicle is located thereon.

9. The energy recovery system for deceleration lane of highway toll station based on flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic field generating device adopts a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

10. The energy recovery system for deceleration lane of highway toll station based on flexible magnetic fluid pavement according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the initial state, the front flexible pavement (1) is filled with the conductive fluid, and the rear flexible pavement (2) is free of the conductive fluid; the automobile enters the deceleration area and passes through the front flexible pavement (1), the pavement hardening belt (3) and the rear flexible pavement (2) in sequence to drive out, and the conductive fluid in the front flexible pavement (1) is under pressure when passing through the front flexible pavement (1) and flows into the rear flexible pavement (2) through the upper flow channel (4-1), the middle channel (4-2) and the lower flow channel (4-3) in sequence; after the automobile completes the movement on the front flexible pavement (1), the whole vehicle reaches the pavement hardening belt (3), at this time, the front flexible pavement (1) and the rear flexible pavement (2) are not under pressure, but the front flexible pavement (1) is free of the conductive fluid and the rear flexible pavement (2) is filled with the conductive fluid; after the automobile passes through the pavement hardening belt (3), the automobile enters the rear flexible pavement (2), and the conductive fluid in the rear flexible pavement (2) is under pressure and flows back to the front flexible pavement (1) through the lower flow channel (4-3), the middle channel (4-2) and the upper flow channel (4-1) in sequence.

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