Ash-removing pressure-releasing explosion-proof system and method

Abstract

The invention provides an ash removal pressure release explosion-proof system and method, and the system comprises a pressure monitoring module which is disposed in an ash warehouse and is used for obtaining the pressure data in the ash warehouse in real time; the pressure relief device is mounted at the top of the ash silo and is used for automatically starting to release pressure when the pressure data in the ash silo exceeds a first preset threshold value; the control unit is in signal connection with the pressure monitoring module and the pressure relief device, receives the pressure data and controls the pressure relief device to be started when the pressure exceeds a second preset threshold value; the dust suppression assembly is in linkage with the pressure relief device, is automatically started when the pressure relief device is started, and is used for suppressing dissipation of dust generated in the pressure relief process; according to the technical scheme, the pressure of the ash removal system can be prevented from being out of control, and the explosion risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This document relates to the field of ash removal pressure relief technology, and in particular to an explosion-proof system and method for ash removal pressure relief. Background Technology

[0002] Coal-fired power plants, heat source plants, and other enterprises generate large amounts of fly ash and slag during operation. This ash and slag are usually collected and temporarily stored in ash silos or slag bins. Because the ash and slag may carry residual heat or undergo slow oxidation reactions within the silo, temperature and pressure can accumulate. When the pressure exceeds the structural bearing capacity of the ash silo, there is a significant safety risk of explosion or structural damage, seriously threatening the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0003] To address this risk, existing technologies typically install mechanical pressure relief devices, such as vacuum pressure relief valves, on the top of ash silos. These devices rely on a pre-compressed mechanical structure that passively opens to release pressure when the pressure inside the silo reaches a preset threshold. However, such purely mechanical devices have significant limitations: firstly, their activation threshold is fixed, making intelligent adjustment and early intervention based on operating conditions impossible, lacking early warning functionality, and only activating once when the pressure rises to a dangerously high level, resulting in limited reliability; secondly, the pressure relief process instantly releases a large amount of high-pressure gas carrying ash dust, causing severe secondary dust pollution, which contradicts increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements.

[0004] Furthermore, while some technical solutions attempt to incorporate automatic control systems, most only achieve single-function electric pressure relief. When the control system loses power or malfunctions, the system completely loses its pressure relief capability, resulting in increased safety rather than decreased safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a comprehensive safety solution that can achieve intelligent early warning and control, possess absolute mechanical safety redundancy, and effectively suppress dust emission. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This specification provides one or more embodiments of an explosion-proof system and method for ash and slag pressure relief, which aims to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an explosion-proof system for ash removal and slag pressure relief is provided, comprising: The pressure monitoring module is installed inside the ash silo and is used to acquire pressure data inside the ash silo in real time. A pressure relief device is installed on the top of the ash silo and is used to automatically open and release pressure when the pressure data inside the ash silo exceeds a first preset threshold. The control unit is connected to the pressure monitoring module and the pressure relief device, receives the pressure data, and controls the pressure relief device to open when the pressure exceeds a second preset threshold; and The dust suppression component is linked to the pressure relief device and automatically starts when the pressure relief device is opened, in order to suppress the emission of dust generated during the pressure relief process. The first preset threshold is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for blast-proofing ash removal slag pressure release is provided, comprising: The internal pressure of the ash silo is obtained in real time through the pressure monitoring module; When the pressure exceeds the first preset threshold, the pressure relief device automatically and mechanically opens; When the pressure exceeds the second preset threshold set by the control unit, the control unit actively controls the pressure relief device to open; The dust suppression components are automatically activated at the same time as or before the pressure relief device is opened to suppress dust emissions.

[0008] By setting a first threshold higher than a second threshold, a dual pressure relief mechanism of "intelligent electronic control" and "mechanical protection" is constructed. This ensures that even in the extreme case of complete control system failure, the mechanical pressure relief device can still reliably operate as a final barrier, fundamentally eliminating the risk of explosion and doubling the system's safety level. By linking the dust suppression component with the pressure relief process, pressure relief and dust suppression are carried out simultaneously. This effectively solves the problem of secondary dust pollution in traditional pressure relief technologies, achieving a balance between safety and environmental benefits. The control unit not only enables automatic pressure relief but also integrates early warning and diagnostic functions. When abnormal pressure or temperature trends are detected, it can issue an early alarm and prompt maintenance, realizing a shift from post-event handling to pre-event prevention, improving the intelligence level of operation and maintenance and system reliability. The application of anti-adhesion materials on the sealing surface of the pressure relief valve directly solves the industry problem of damp ash easily adhering to the valve port, causing device failure, ensuring the long-term operational reliability of the pressure relief device, and greatly improving the applicability and service life of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification or in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ash and slag pressure relief explosion-proof system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the ash removal slag pressure release explosion-proof method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this specification, and not all of the embodiments. Based on one or more embodiments of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this document.

[0012] System Implementation Examples According to embodiments of the present invention, an explosion-proof system for ash and slag pressure relief is provided. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an ash and slag pressure relief explosion-proof system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the ash removal and slag pressure relief explosion-proof system of this invention includes: The pressure monitoring module, located inside the ash silo, is used to acquire real-time pressure data within the silo. This module typically includes pressure sensors and signal transmitters, converting physical pressure signals into standard electrical signals and transmitting them to the control unit. To improve the robustness and reliability of the system, at least one pressure sensor is installed at each of the three different height areas (upper, middle, and lower) inside the ash silo, with each sensor signal transmitted independently to the control unit. The control unit incorporates a data fusion algorithm to perform consistency verification and weighted averaging on data from multiple sensors, eliminating the risk of misjudgment caused by single-point measurement errors or sensor failures, thereby obtaining more accurate and reliable pressure characterization values ​​within the silo.

[0013] A pressure relief device, installed on top of the ash silo, automatically opens to release pressure when the pressure inside the silo exceeds a first preset threshold. This device is a vacuum pressure relief valve, comprising a valve body, a valve cover, and an elastic component with adjustable preload. The first preset threshold is set by adjusting the preload of the elastic component. Specifically, the valve body has an adjustment mechanism, such as an adjusting nut. Tightening the adjustment mechanism changes the spring compression, thus linearly adjusting the preload and achieving precise, stepless setting of the first preset threshold. This setting process can be completed offline using dedicated calibration equipment, and a scale indicator is provided on the outside of the valve body for easy on-site observation and verification. Under normal conditions, the spring's preload keeps the valve cover pressed tightly against the valve seat, maintaining a seal. When the pressure inside the ash silo rises and the force acting on the valve cover exceeds the spring's preset preload (reaching the first preset threshold), the valve cover is lifted, achieving purely mechanical passive pressure relief. This process does not rely on any external power or control signals and serves as the system's final safety barrier. After the pressure relief action occurs, when the pressure inside the chamber drops to a certain range below the first preset threshold, the restoring force of the spring will drive the valve cover to automatically reset and reseal, ensuring the continuous protection capability of the system.

[0014] The control unit, connected to the pressure monitoring module and the pressure relief device, receives the pressure data and controls the pressure relief device to open when the pressure exceeds a second preset threshold; wherein the first preset threshold is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold. This key setting constitutes a dual protection mechanism for the system. The control unit continuously receives and processes data sent by the pressure monitoring module. When it determines that the pressure value exceeds the set second preset threshold, it immediately sends an opening command to the pressure relief device, achieving proactive and early intelligent pressure relief. This aims to intervene before the pressure reaches a dangerously high level requiring mechanical action, thus preventing accidents. The control unit is further configured as follows: When the pressure value detected by the pressure monitoring module exceeds the third preset threshold for a predetermined time, it is determined to be a risky state and triggers an audible and visual alarm. The third preset threshold is lower than the second preset threshold, thereby prompting the operators to check and intervene, realizing the transformation from passive response to proactive early warning.

[0015] A dust suppression component, which is linked to the pressure relief device and automatically activates when the pressure relief device is opened, is used to suppress the emission of dust generated during the pressure relief process; the dust suppression component includes: An annular spray pipe surrounding the outlet of the pressure relief device; and A water supply pipeline and a solenoid valve connected to the annular spray pipe; The control unit simultaneously opens the solenoid valve while controlling the pressure relief device, causing water to spray out from the annular spray pipe to form a water curtain. This water curtain effectively envelops and humidifies the high-speed, dust-laden airflow ejected from the pressure relief port, causing the dust particles to become heavier, settle, and thus be contained in a localized area.

[0016] The dust suppression assembly further includes a gas collection hood, which is located outside the pressure relief device and its outlet is connected to a wet scrubber for collecting and purifying the released dust-laden gas.

[0017] Furthermore, the ash and slag pressure release explosion-proof system of this embodiment also includes a temperature monitoring module, which is installed inside the ash and slag storage chamber to monitor the ash and slag temperature. The temperature monitoring module is connected to the control unit. An abnormal rise in ash and slag temperature is often a sign of internal heat accumulation or slow oxidation, and is a significant cause of pressure buildup. When the ash and slag temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, the dust suppression components are activated in advance for pre-humidification, and an audible and visual alarm is triggered. Temperature monitoring data and pressure monitoring data are correlated and analyzed within the control unit. If both show an upward trend, the system will increase the risk level and may shorten the warning delay or initiate higher-level response measures earlier.

[0018] Furthermore, the ash and slag pressure release explosion-proof system of this embodiment also includes a redundant pressure relief channel, which is independent of the main pressure relief device and is forcibly opened under the judgment of the control unit or when the main pressure relief device fails.

[0019] Furthermore, the control unit is connected to the power plant's central control system, enabling it to remotely transmit pressure data, alarm information, and equipment status to the central control center, and to receive remote control commands from the central control center.

[0020] Furthermore, the valve seat sealing surface of the pressure relief device is lined with polyethylene or a similar anti-adhesion material to prevent wet dust from sticking to the valve port.

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: By setting a first threshold higher than a second threshold, a dual pressure relief mechanism of "intelligent electronic control" and "mechanical protection" is constructed. This ensures that even in the extreme case of complete control system failure, the mechanical pressure relief device can still reliably act as a final barrier, fundamentally eliminating the risk of explosion and doubling the system's safety level. By linking the dust suppression components with the pressure relief process, pressure relief and dust suppression are carried out simultaneously. This effectively solves the problem of secondary dust pollution in traditional pressure relief technologies, achieving a balance between safety and environmental benefits. The control unit not only enables automatic pressure relief but also integrates early warning and diagnostic functions. When abnormal pressure or temperature trends are detected, it can issue an early alarm and prompt maintenance, realizing a shift from post-event handling to pre-event prevention, improving the intelligence level of operation and maintenance and system reliability. The application of anti-adhesion materials on the sealing surface of the pressure relief valve directly solves the industry problem of damp ash and slag easily sticking to the valve port, causing device failure, ensuring the long-term operational reliability of the pressure relief device, and greatly improving the applicability and service life of the equipment.

[0022] Method Implementation Examples According to an embodiment of the present invention, an explosion-proof method for ash removal slag pressure release is provided. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the ash and slag pressure release explosion-proof method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the ash removal slag pressure release explosion-proof method of this invention includes: The internal pressure of the ash silo is obtained in real time through the pressure monitoring module; When the pressure exceeds the first preset threshold, the pressure relief device automatically and mechanically opens; When the pressure exceeds the second preset threshold set by the control unit, the control unit actively controls the pressure relief device to open; The dust suppression components are automatically activated at the same time as or before the pressure relief device is opened to suppress dust emissions.

[0023] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure relief explosion-proof system for ash and slag removal, characterized in that, include: The pressure monitoring module is installed inside the ash silo and is used to acquire pressure data inside the ash silo in real time. A pressure relief device is installed on the top of the ash silo and is used to automatically open and release pressure when the pressure data inside the ash silo exceeds a first preset threshold. The control unit is connected to the pressure monitoring module and the pressure relief device, receives the pressure data, and controls the pressure relief device to open when the pressure exceeds the second preset threshold. as well as The dust suppression component is linked to the pressure relief device and automatically starts when the pressure relief device is opened, in order to suppress the emission of dust generated during the pressure relief process. The first preset threshold is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure relief device is a vacuum pressure relief valve, which includes a valve body, a valve cover, and an elastic component with adjustable preload. The first preset threshold is set by adjusting the preload of the elastic component.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control unit is further configured to: When the pressure value detected by the pressure monitoring module exceeds the third preset threshold for a predetermined time, it is determined to be a risky state and an audible and visual alarm is triggered. The third preset threshold is lower than the second preset threshold.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust suppression component includes: An annular spray pipe surrounding the outlet of the pressure relief device; and A water supply pipeline and a solenoid valve connected to the annular spray pipe; The control unit controls the opening of the pressure relief device and the opening of the solenoid valve at the same time, so that water is sprayed out from the annular spray pipe to form a water curtain.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dust suppression assembly further includes a gas collection hood, which is located outside the pressure relief device and its outlet is connected to a wet scrubber for collecting and purifying the released dust-laden gas.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a temperature monitoring module, which is installed inside the ash silo to monitor the temperature of the ash. The temperature monitoring module is connected to the control unit. When the temperature of the ash exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the dust suppression component is activated in advance to pre-humidify and the audible and visual alarm is activated.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a redundant pressure relief channel, which is independent of the main pressure relief device and is forcibly opened based on the judgment of the control unit or when the main pressure relief device fails.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is connected to the power plant's central control system and can remotely transmit pressure data, alarm information and equipment status to the central control center, and receive remote control commands from the central control center.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve seat sealing surface of the pressure relief device is lined with polyethylene or a similar anti-adhesion material to prevent wet dust from sticking to the valve port.

10. A method for explosion-proof ash removal pressure release based on the ash removal pressure release explosion-proof system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Including the following steps: The internal pressure of the ash silo is obtained in real time through the pressure monitoring module; When the pressure exceeds the first preset threshold, the pressure relief device automatically and mechanically opens; When the pressure exceeds the second preset threshold set by the control unit, the control unit actively controls the pressure relief device to open; The dust suppression components are automatically activated at the same time as or before the pressure relief device is opened to suppress dust emissions. Wherein, the first preset threshold is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold.

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