Adaptive bimodal photoelectric gel interface material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of self-adapting bimodulus photoelectric gel interface materials and its preparation method and application, belong to flexible electronic material and wearable human-computer interaction system technical field, the application is by introducing SiO2 photonic crystal structure into hydrogel, and doping ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl, so that the self-adapting bimodulus photoelectric gel interface material prepared has optical and electrical double signal sensing function.The application is based on betaine zwitterionic hydrogel and SiO2 photonic crystal structure, with high conductivity, frost resistance and water retention capacity, realize strain-resistance-structural color signal synergistic regulation and control.The self-adapting bimodulus photoelectric gel interface material prepared by the application has better tensile rate, can be fitted to skin, has high sensitivity and fast response of micro-strain, has sensitive electrical signal transmission ability and high transparency, avoids the influence on structural color, and has gorgeous structural color, has strong frost resistance and good stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flexible electronic materials and wearable human-computer interaction systems, specifically to an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Conductive hydrogels, due to their flexibility, biocompatibility, and strain response capabilities, have become one of the core materials for constructing flexible human-machine interfaces (HMIs), and are widely used in wearable sensing, motion monitoring, and human signal acquisition. In an attached state, hydrogels can convert the weak strain generated by body movement into electrical signals, enabling dynamic tracking of the operator's movements. However, existing hydrogel interfaces mostly function as unidirectional input nodes, primarily undertaking signal sensing functions, lacking real-time feedback capabilities on the interaction status, severely limiting the accuracy, robustness, and immersive experience of human-machine collaboration. Feedback mechanisms, as a necessary channel for users to understand and adjust their operational behavior in interactive systems, are a key element in achieving closed-loop control and precise response.

[0003] Furthermore, hydrogel materials are highly sensitive to environmental temperature during the process of realizing multimodal sensing and feedback interfaces. Under temperature fluctuations, changes in ion mobility and water evaporation can easily occur, leading to electrical signal drift and affecting the stability of strain response and recognition accuracy. Especially in complex environments such as outdoors and wearable devices, this interference from non-target signals can easily cause sensing misjudgments and the accumulation of control errors, limiting its long-term stable operation in real interactive systems. Although hydrogels possess the ability to collaboratively sense multiple parameters such as stress and temperature, current systems generally lack real-time recognition and compensation mechanisms for these coupled signals, remaining at the passive response stage and unable to adapt to the demands of complex dynamic environments for highly robust and adaptable interactive systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material, its preparation method, and its application. It effectively solves the technical problems of existing hydrogel interface materials that only have signal sensing functions and lack real-time feedback capabilities for interactive states, as well as the technical problems that existing hydrogels are sensitive to temperature, which affects the stability of strain response and recognition accuracy. This invention provides a dual-mode opto-gel interface material that integrates sensing, feedback, and expression.

[0005] The first objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material, comprising the following steps: Using betaine-based zwitterionic monomers and acrylic acid as gel monomers, ethylene glycol, ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl, and photoinitiator were added to obtain a gel precursor.

[0006] The gel precursor was injected onto a SiO2 photonic crystal template and cured under the action of a photoinitiator. During the curing process, a gel network was formed by cross-linking betaine zwitterionic monomers with acrylic acid. At the same time, the betaine zwitterionic monomers acted as hydrogen bond acceptors and formed hydrogen bonds with ethylene glycol. The hydrogen bonds between acrylic acid and ethylene glycol were then balanced with the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl to form a eutectic network, thereby obtaining an adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the betaine-based zwitterionic monomer, acrylic acid, and ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl is 1.5:1.5:1 to 3; based on the mass of the adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material, the mass percentage of the betaine-based zwitterionic monomer and acrylic acid is 30%.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of ethylene glycol to the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl is 2:1 to 3.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the photoinitiator is photoinitiator 1173, and during curing, it is irradiated with ultraviolet light for 1 to 2 minutes.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the gel monomer to the photoinitiator 1173 is 1:0.001 to 0.002.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the SiO2 photonic crystal template includes the following steps: vertically immersing a glass substrate with a BOPP film attached into a SiO2 microsphere suspension, and under the influence of gravity and capillary action at 40℃~50℃ and 40%~60% relative humidity, the SiO2 microspheres evaporate with the solvent and deposit on the surface of the glass substrate with the BOPP film attached, thereby forming an ordered SiO2 photonic crystal template with a face-centered cubic orientation on the surface of the glass substrate through self-assembly.

[0012] A second objective of this invention is to provide an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material, prepared by any of the preparation methods described above.

[0013] The third objective of this invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material in wearable sensing devices for building human-computer interaction systems.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the wearable sensing device is a robotic arm with both optical and electrical signal sensing capabilities.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention provides a method for preparing an adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material. The gel precursor is injected onto a SiO2 photonic crystal template and cured under the action of a photoinitiator. A gel network is formed by crosslinking betaine zwitterionic monomers with acrylic acid. Simultaneously, the betaine zwitterionic monomers act as hydrogen bond acceptors and form hydrogen bonds with ethylene glycol. The hydrogen bonds between acrylic acid and ethylene glycol are then balanced with the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl to form a eutectic network, thereby obtaining the adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material.

[0016] This invention introduces a SiO2 photonic crystal structure into a hydrogel and dops it with the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl, enabling the prepared adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material to possess both optical and electrical signal sensing capabilities. For optical signal sensing, this invention forms silica microspheres within the gel interface, which self-assemble into a photonic crystal template with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. External stretching alters the lattice spacing of the silica microspheres, and the reduced lattice spacing results in a blue shift of the reflected wavelength. The degree of stretching is linearly related to the structural color change, enabling tunable structural color output across the entire visible spectrum. This color change provides a passive and intuitive visual feedback channel, facilitating real-time strain assessment by the operator, thus achieving optical signal sensing. For electrical signal sensing, the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material prepared in this invention consists of a dual-network structure composed of betaine-based zwitterionic monomers and acrylic acid. The introduction of the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl provides migratable ions. Within the hydrogel network, external stretching induces a Poisson effect, reducing the cross-sectional area and compressing the ion channels, thereby limiting the ion migration path. Impaired ion migration leads to an increase in overall resistance. The strain resistance ratio, i.e., ΔR / R0, has a stable linear relationship with the strain. The sensitivity can be quantified by the strain factor GF, thereby achieving high-precision strain detection of electrical signals.

[0017] This invention, based on a betaine-based zwitterionic hydrogel and a SiO2 photonic crystal template structure, possesses high conductivity, freeze resistance, and water retention capacity, achieving synergistic modulation of strain-resistance-structural color signals. The adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material prepared by this invention exhibits an elongation exceeding 2000%, can adhere to the skin, and combines high sensitivity (<1% micro-strain) with a rapid response of 200ms. The adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material prepared by this invention possesses sensitive electrical signal sensing capabilities, with a sensitivity GF value reaching 3.02; it has high transparency to avoid affecting the structural color, while also possessing a vibrant structural color, with wavelength changes covering the entire visible spectrum within 100% elongation; it has strong freeze resistance, with no significant ice crystal formation within a temperature range of -45℃ to 0℃; and it exhibits good stability, showing no water loss after 7 days of storage at room temperature (25℃-50%RH) and demonstrating stability after thousands of cycles and adaptive temperature capability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the optical and electrical signal feedback of the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material prepared in this invention.

[0019] Figure 2 SEM image of the SiO2 microspheres prepared in this invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 The mechanical properties of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 of this invention are shown in the figure.

[0022] Figure 5 The diagram shows the conductivity properties of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 of this invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the adhesion properties of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 The image shows a DSC image of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material prepared in Example 1 of this invention.

[0025] Figure 8 The TGA heat resistance test of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material prepared in this invention.

[0026] Figure 9 The diagram shows the structural color change of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material prepared in this invention under different strains.

[0027] Figure 10 The reflectance spectra of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material prepared in this invention under different strains.

[0028] Figure 11 The diagram shows the changes in electrical signals of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material prepared in this invention under different strains.

[0029] Figure 12 The diagram shows the response speed of the adaptive dual-mode optogel interface material prepared in this invention under strain.

[0030] Figure 13 This is a stability test image of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material prepared in this invention after thousands of cycles.

[0031] Figure 14 Numerical graph showing the resistance variation of the adaptive dual-mode optogel interface material prepared in this invention at different temperatures.

[0032] Figure 15 The image shows the test results of the electrical signal error under the same strain after temperature compensation of the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material prepared in this invention.

[0033] Figure 16 This is a circuit design diagram of the power supply module in the closed-loop human-computer interaction system of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 17 This is a design diagram of the signal acquisition circuit in the closed-loop human-computer interaction system of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 18 This is a practical application diagram of the closed-loop human-computer interaction system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of this invention, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following test methods and detection methods are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the reagents and raw materials are commercially available.

[0037] As mentioned in the background section of this invention, existing hydrogel interface materials only possess signal sensing capabilities and lack real-time feedback on interaction states. Furthermore, the temperature sensitivity of existing hydrogels affects the stability of strain response and recognition accuracy. To address these technical problems, this invention provides an adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material, its preparation method, and its applications.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0039] This invention first provides a method for preparing an adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material, comprising the following steps: Using betaine-based zwitterionic monomers and acrylic acid as gel monomers, ethylene glycol, ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl, and photoinitiator were added to obtain a gel precursor.

[0040] The gel precursor was injected onto a SiO2 photonic crystal template and cured under the action of a photoinitiator. During the curing process, a gel network was formed by cross-linking betaine zwitterionic monomers with acrylic acid. At the same time, the betaine zwitterionic monomers acted as hydrogen bond acceptors and formed hydrogen bonds with ethylene glycol. The hydrogen bonds between acrylic acid and ethylene glycol were then balanced with the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl to form a eutectic network, thereby obtaining an adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material.

[0041] In the above technical solution, betaine copolymerizes with acrylic acid to construct the framework of the gel network, and also acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor to form a eutectic network with ethylene glycol. This dual role endows the gel network with dynamically reversible hydrogen bond interactions and continuous ion transport channels. Further introduction of the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl balances the hydrogen bonds between excess acrylic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a more stable network structure and enriching its dynamic interactions. This invention introduces a SiO2 photonic crystal structure into the hydrogel and dops it with the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl, enabling the prepared adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material to possess both optical and electrical dual-signal sensing functions. Based on betaine-based zwitterionic hydrogels and the SiO2 photonic crystal structure, this invention possesses high conductivity, freeze resistance, and water retention capacity, achieving synergistic regulation of strain-resistance-structural color signals. The adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material prepared by this invention has a good elongation, can conform to the skin, has high sensitivity and fast response to micro-strain, has sensitive electrical signal sensing ability and high transparency, avoids the influence on structural color, and has a brilliant structural color. It also has strong antifreeze ability and good stability, and shows no water loss after 7 days of storage at room temperature and has stability after thousands of cycles and adaptive temperature capability.

[0042] To ensure that the prepared adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material possesses superior optical and electrical dual-signal sensing capabilities, the mass ratio of the betaine-based zwitterionic monomer, acrylic acid, and ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl is 1.5:1.5:1–3; based on the mass of the adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material, the mass percentage of the betaine-based zwitterionic monomer to acrylic acid is 30%. The mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl is 2:1–3.

[0043] It should be noted that, in order to further improve the curing rate, the photoinitiator described in this invention is photoinitiator 1173, and during curing, it is irradiated with ultraviolet light for 1 min to 2 min. The mass ratio of the gel monomer to photoinitiator 1173 is 1:0.001 to 0.002.

[0044] The method for preparing the SiO2 photonic crystal template used in this invention includes the following steps: a glass substrate with a BOPP film attached is vertically immersed in a SiO2 microsphere suspension. Under the influence of gravity and capillary action at 40°C to 50°C and 40% to 60% relative humidity, the SiO2 microspheres evaporate with the solvent and are deposited on the surface of the glass substrate with the BOPP film attached. Through self-assembly, an ordered SiO2 photonic crystal template with a face-centered cubic orientation is formed.

[0045] The adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material prepared above is used to construct human-computer interaction systems. The adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material prepared in this invention possesses both optical and electrical signal sensing capabilities, and its strain feedback to optical and electrical signals is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, under external stress, the gel interface material deforms, causing a change in its structural color to achieve optical feedback. Simultaneously, its resistance changes, which is used to control the robot's movements. By recognizing and utilizing the optical signal feedback, further fine-tuning of the robot is achieved, thus constructing a closed-loop human-machine interaction system based on optical feedback. This closed-loop human-machine interaction system, combined with a microcontroller, transmits the electrical signals collected by the photoelectric gel interface material to the end effector robot, achieving precise remote signal control and successfully driving the robot to grasp objects, demonstrating the potential for building a flexible and highly adaptable human-machine interaction platform.

[0046] The technical effects of the present invention will be described below through specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0047] This invention first synthesizes SiO2 microspheres with a particle size of 235 nm using the Stöber method. The specific preparation method is as follows: 48 mL of anhydrous ethanol and 3 mL of ammonia are mixed and placed in a round-bottom flask. The mixture is magnetically stirred under a 34°C water bath to ensure homogeneity. Separately, 5 mL of a TEOS-ethanol solution (TEOS to ethanol volume ratio 3:2) is pre-stirred for 30 min to ensure thorough dispersion. This solution is then slowly added dropwise to the reaction system in two portions of 2.5 mL each, with a 30-min interval, and the reaction continues for 5 h. After the reaction, the product is washed repeatedly by centrifugation with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water to remove unreacted monomers and byproducts. Finally, the washed sample is dried under a constant temperature of 60°C to obtain nanoscale SiO2 microspheres. This invention also allows for precise control of the SiO2 microsphere particle size by adjusting the amount of ammonia used, to meet different structural color requirements.

[0048] Example 1 A method for preparing an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material includes the following steps: S1, Preparation of photonic crystal template: SiO2 microspheres with a particle size of 235 nm were synthesized by the Stöber method, and their SEM images are shown below. Figure 2As shown, dried SiO2 microspheres were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 20 minutes to fully break up the aggregates and obtain a stable and uniform SiO2 microsphere dispersion system. A clean glass substrate with a BOPP film attached was vertically inserted into the SiO2 microsphere dispersion system and placed in a 40°C constant temperature drying oven with a relative humidity of 50%. Driven by gravity and capillary action, the SiO2 microspheres slowly evaporated with the solvent and deposited on the surface of the glass substrate. They self-assembled on the surface of the glass substrate to form an ordered photonic crystal template with a face-centered cubic orientation, thus obtaining the SiO2 photonic crystal template.

[0049] S2, Preparation of gel precursor: Mix 1.5g of betaine zwitterionic monomer with 1.5g of acrylic acid, add 2g of ethylene glycol, 4g of deionized water, 1g of ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl and 0.005g of photoinitiator 1173, and sonicate until uniform and transparent to obtain gel precursor solution.

[0050] S3. Perpendicular to the SiO2 photonic crystal template, apply double-sided adhesive with a thickness of 500μm to both sides. In the area between the two double-sided adhesives, inject a gel precursor liquid into the SiO2 photonic crystal template. Place the assembled sandwich system under a UV lamp for 1 minute to cure, thereby obtaining a photoelectric gel film with structural color modulation capability, namely an adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material.

[0051] Example 2 A method for preparing an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material includes the following steps: S1, Preparation of photonic crystal template: SiO2 microspheres with a particle size of 235 nm were synthesized by the Stöber method, and their SEM images are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, dried SiO2 microspheres were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 20 minutes to fully break up the aggregates and obtain a stable and uniform SiO2 microsphere dispersion system. A clean glass substrate with a BOPP film attached was vertically inserted into the SiO2 microsphere dispersion system and placed in a 40°C constant temperature drying oven with a relative humidity of 50%. Driven by gravity and capillary action, the SiO2 microspheres slowly evaporated with the solvent and deposited on the surface of the glass substrate. They self-assembled on the surface of the glass substrate to form an ordered photonic crystal template with a face-centered cubic orientation, thus obtaining the SiO2 photonic crystal template.

[0052] S2, Preparation of gel precursor: Mix 1.5g of betaine zwitterionic monomer with 1.5g of acrylic acid, add 2g of ethylene glycol, 3g of deionized water, 2g of ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl and 0.005g of photoinitiator 1173, and sonicate until uniform and transparent to obtain gel precursor solution.

[0053] S3. Perpendicular to the SiO2 photonic crystal template, apply double-sided adhesive with a thickness of 500μm to both sides. In the area between the two double-sided adhesives, inject a gel precursor liquid into the SiO2 photonic crystal template. Place the assembled sandwich system under a UV lamp for 1 minute to cure, thereby obtaining a photoelectric gel film with structural color modulation capability, namely an adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material.

[0054] Example 3 A method for preparing an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material includes the following steps: S1, Preparation of photonic crystal template: SiO2 microspheres with a particle size of 235 nm were synthesized by the Stöber method, and their SEM images are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, dried SiO2 microspheres were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 20 minutes to fully break up the aggregates and obtain a stable and uniform SiO2 microsphere dispersion system. A clean glass substrate with a BOPP film attached was vertically inserted into the SiO2 microsphere dispersion system and placed in a 40°C constant temperature drying oven with a relative humidity of 50%. Driven by gravity and capillary action, the SiO2 microspheres slowly evaporated with the solvent and deposited on the surface of the glass substrate. They self-assembled on the surface of the glass substrate to form an ordered photonic crystal template with a face-centered cubic orientation, thus obtaining the SiO2 photonic crystal template.

[0055] S2, Preparation of gel precursor: Mix 1.5g of betaine zwitterionic monomer with 1.5g of acrylic acid, add 2g of ethylene glycol, 2g of deionized water, 3g of ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl and 0.005g of photoinitiator 1173, and sonicate until uniform and transparent to obtain gel precursor solution.

[0056] S3. Perpendicular to the SiO2 photonic crystal template, apply double-sided adhesive with a thickness of 500μm to both sides. In the area between the two double-sided adhesives, inject a gel precursor liquid into the SiO2 photonic crystal template. Place the assembled sandwich system under a UV lamp for 1 minute to cure, thereby obtaining a photoelectric gel film with structural color modulation capability, namely an adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material.

[0057] To further illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, a comparative example is provided, as follows.

[0058] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl was not added.

[0059] A method for preparing an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material includes the following steps: S1, Preparation of SiO2 photonic crystal template: SiO2 microspheres with a particle size of 235 nm were synthesized by the Stöber method, and their SEM images are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, dried SiO2 microspheres were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically treated for 20 minutes to fully break up the aggregates and obtain a stable and uniform SiO2 microsphere dispersion system. A clean glass substrate with a BOPP film attached was vertically inserted into the SiO2 microsphere dispersion system and placed in a 40°C constant temperature drying oven with a relative humidity of 50%. Driven by gravity and capillary action, the SiO2 microspheres slowly evaporated with the solvent and deposited on the surface of the glass substrate. They self-assembled on the surface of the glass substrate to form an ordered photonic crystal template with a face-centered cubic orientation, thus obtaining the SiO2 photonic crystal template.

[0060] S2, Preparation of gel precursor: Mix 1.5g of betaine zwitterionic monomer with 1.5g of acrylic acid, add 2g of ethylene glycol, 5g of deionized water and 0.005g of photoinitiator 1173, and sonicate until uniform and transparent to obtain gel precursor solution.

[0061] S3. Perpendicular to the SiO2 photonic crystal template, apply double-sided adhesive with a thickness of 500μm to both sides. In the area between the two double-sided adhesives, inject a gel precursor liquid into the SiO2 photonic crystal template. Place the assembled sandwich system under a UV lamp for 1 minute to cure, thereby obtaining a photoelectric gel film with structural color modulation capability, namely an adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material.

[0062] The performance of the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface materials provided in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention was characterized, and the results are as follows.

[0063] This study proposes an adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material that combines sensing and display functions. The aim is to develop a flexible human-computer interaction system with visual feedback and long-term operational capability. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system for optical and electrical signal feedback of the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material of the present invention.

[0064] To ensure the uniformity of particle size in the synthesis of SiO2 microspheres, Figure 2 SEM images of SiO2 microspheres with a particle size of 235 nm are shown. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material of this invention. To determine the optimal amount of ionic liquid added to the gel interface, the effect of the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl content on the mechanical and electrical properties of the gel was further systematically studied. When the mass fraction of the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl was increased to 10 wt%, the fracture strain and tensile strength of the adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material increased to 2200% and 220 kPa, respectively. Figure 4As shown, this improvement is attributed to the multi-point hydrogen bond network formed between the ionic liquid and the acrylic acid chains, which enhances the synergistic mechanical support between polymer chains while maintaining efficient ion conduction. However, when the content continues to increase to 20 wt%, some of the hydrogen bond network is disrupted, leading to a decrease in overall tensile properties. Meanwhile, as... Figure 5 As shown, conductivity tests revealed that the addition of 10 wt% ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl significantly increased the gel conductivity to 0.31 S / m, and continued to rise at higher concentrations. However, considering both mechanical and electrical properties, 10 wt% was ultimately determined to be the optimal ionic liquid ratio for subsequent studies. The gel's high adhesiveness greatly reduced the difficulty of material fixation. Figure 6 The invention demonstrates the high adhesion of its adaptive dual-mode photogel interface to various materials.

[0065] To determine the synergistic effect between ethylene glycol and ionic liquid, low-temperature performance tests were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), such as... Figure 7 As shown, the use of a binary solvent system, namely water and ethylene glycol, effectively lowers the freezing point of the hydrogel, offering significant advantages over traditional water-based formulations and greatly improving its suitability in cold environments. Furthermore, due to the synergistic effect of the ionic liquid and ethylene glycol, no exothermic peak for crystallization was observed in the -50℃ to 0℃ range. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the ternary solvent, such as... Figure 8 The results show that the adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material of this invention exhibits excellent thermal stability, with significant mass loss occurring only above approximately 320°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. This further confirms the thermal stability and adaptability of the gel interface during repeated thermal cycling.

[0066] Figure 9 The experiment showcased the vivid structural color changes of the adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material of this invention under different tensile strains: as the strain increased from 0% to 100%, the color gradually changed from red, orange, yellow, green, and cyan to blue, completely covering the visible spectrum and exhibiting excellent color adjustment performance. To ensure simulation accuracy, reflectance spectral data were measured simultaneously during the experiment. Figure 10 The study demonstrated a linear blue shift of the peak wavelength from 670 nm to 470 nm within the 0%–100% strain range, highly consistent with the physical demonstration. To achieve a stable and accurate human-machine interface, the sensing material must exhibit excellent electrical signal response. The adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material of this invention contains a large number of free ions, which can rapidly migrate within the hydrogel network, thus providing a real-time electrical response to external strain. When the material is stretched, the cross-sectional area decreases due to the Poisson effect, compressing the ion transport channels formed by the betaine-like zwitterionic monomer SBMA and acrylic acid AA. The limitations on ion mobility and path length cause the resistance to increase significantly with increasing strain. The gel interface exhibits high repeatability under dynamic conditions. Figure 11The invention demonstrates that the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material maintains stable output under varying degrees of stretching from 20% to 100% and different strains, indicating excellent strain resolution, which is crucial for high-precision interactive applications. Furthermore, dynamic response testing, such as... Figure 12 The results show that the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material of this invention exhibits a response time within ~200 milliseconds during rapid loading cycles, meeting the requirements for real-time control. To evaluate long-term durability, Figure 13 The adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material of the present invention was demonstrated to have undergone 1000 tensile-release cycle tests at 100% strain.

[0067] Considering the significant influence of temperature on ion migration rate, the thermal response characteristics of the adaptive dual-mode optogel interface material of this invention were investigated. The initial resistance at room temperature (20°C) was used as a reference. Figure 14 The resistance value was shown to change with temperature gradually increasing from 0℃ to 50℃, in increments of 5℃. The results showed that the relative resistance change, ΔR / R0, exceeded 120% within this range, indicating that the PGI exhibits strong temperature sensitivity and has potential as a temperature sensor. However, in interactive systems, the coupling between strain and temperature can lead to signal deviation, potentially affecting detection accuracy. However, by integrating a temperature sensor, the temperature-dependent effects on the material can be decoupled. Finally, practical verification tests were conducted by bending a finger to the same angle at 20℃ and 30℃. Figure 15 As shown, the results indicate that GF exhibits only a fluctuation of ~2%, confirming the performance stability of the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material of this invention in dynamic temperature environments and its strong potential for realizing reliable wearable sensing under realistic conditions.

[0068] Figure 16 The invention demonstrates a broadband decoupling network composed of a 10μF tantalum capacitor and a surface-mount 100nF ceramic capacitor in an interactive system, which can effectively suppress high and low frequency noise and significantly improve the system signal stability and electromagnetic interference resistance. Figure 17 The signal acquisition module integrates analog signal amplification and overvoltage protection to prevent signal distortion or component damage during large signal fluctuations. After stable output, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples the signal to achieve accurate digitization of strain-related electrical signals. This ensures high fidelity and robustness of real-time signal tracking in dynamic interactive scenarios. Finally, Figure 18In a functional test conducted at room temperature (20°C), a user manipulated a robotic arm to grasp a target object by bending their index finger. The human-computer interaction system constructed with this invention's adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material not only accurately identifies the finger angle but also synchronously displays strain-related color changes, providing real-time visual feedback. With the aid of optical cues, the robotic arm perfectly completed the task, fully validating the effectiveness of the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material prepared in this invention in terms of closed-loop interaction and control precision.

[0069] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Using betaine-based zwitterionic monomers and acrylic acid as gel monomers, ethylene glycol, ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl, and a photoinitiator were added to obtain a gel precursor; the mass ratio of the betaine-based zwitterionic monomers, acrylic acid, and ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl was 1.5:1.5:1-3; based on the mass of the adaptive dual-mode photoelectric gel interface material, the mass percentage of the betaine-based zwitterionic monomers and acrylic acid was 30%; the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl was 2:1-3. The gel precursor was injected onto a SiO2 photonic crystal template and cured under the action of a photoinitiator. During the curing process, a gel network was formed by cross-linking betaine zwitterionic monomers with acrylic acid. At the same time, the betaine zwitterionic monomers acted as hydrogen bond acceptors and formed hydrogen bonds with ethylene glycol. The hydrogen bonds between acrylic acid and ethylene glycol were then balanced with the ionic liquid [EMIm]Cl to form a eutectic network, thereby obtaining an adaptive dual-mode optoelectronic gel interface material.

2. The method for preparing the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoinitiator is photoinitiator 1173, and during curing, it is irradiated under ultraviolet light for 1 min to 2 min.

3. The method for preparing the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the gel monomer to the photoinitiator 1173 is 1:0.001 to 0.

002.

4. The method for preparing the adaptive dual-mode photogel interface material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the SiO2 photonic crystal template includes the following steps: a glass substrate with a BOPP film attached is vertically immersed in a SiO2 microsphere suspension. Under the influence of gravity and capillary action at 40℃~50℃ and 40%~60% relative humidity, the SiO2 microspheres evaporate with the solvent and are deposited on the surface of the glass substrate with the BOPP film attached. Through self-assembly, an ordered SiO2 photonic crystal template with a face-centered cubic orientation is formed on the surface of the glass substrate.

5. An adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The application of the adaptive dual-mode opto-gel interface material of claim 5 in the construction of human-computer interaction systems for wearable sensing devices.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, The wearable sensing device is a robotic arm with both optical and electrical signal sensing capabilities.

Images