Self-adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback and a control method, relates to the technical field of submersible pumps, and aims to solve the problems that an existing submersible pump cannot accurately distinguish water inlet side abnormity (filter screen blockage / too low water level) and is frequently shut down. The device comprises a water inlet assembly (provided with a slidable adjusting cover body, a filter screen, a telescopic part and a water inlet pressure collector), a pump body assembly (comprising a partitioned cavity and a pumping structure) and a pressure collection control assembly (a multi-pressure collector, a water level sensor and a controller). Pressure collectors (water inlet pressure, inner cavity pressure and water outlet pressure) and water level sensors are arranged in all the areas respectively, and a multi-dimensional parameter monitoring system is constructed. According to the control method, the controller accurately recognizes fault types by monitoring inlet water, inner cavity and outlet water pressure and water level, the adjusting cover body is driven to adjust the water inlet height of the filter screen, the spray head cleans the filter screen or adjusts the rotating speed of the motor, and self-adaptive treatment of faults is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of submersible pump technology, and more specifically to an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] As the core equipment for underwater pumping operations, the submersible pump consists of an inlet mechanism, a pumping mechanism, and a drive mechanism. The inlet mechanism filters impurities in the water through a filter screen to ensure clean water. The pumping mechanism pressurizes and transports the water using components such as impellers and pump shafts. The drive mechanism provides power output with an electric motor as its core.

[0003] Because submersible pumps often operate in complex aquatic environments (such as sewage containing impurities, natural water bodies of varying depths, etc.), they are prone to various malfunctions during operation, including filter clogging, low water levels, blockage or leakage in the load-side pipeline, and impeller wear. However, current technologies rely solely on single parameters such as motor current for monitoring operational status, lacking the ability to analyze multi-dimensional signals such as inlet pressure, internal pressure, and outlet pressure. This results in an inability to accurately identify fault types, necessitating frequent shutdowns for maintenance and leading to low work efficiency.

[0004] Especially on the inlet side, its normal operation is fundamental to the submersible pump's water intake. In actual operation, both filter clogging (impurities adhering to the filter surface, reducing the effective inlet area) and excessively low water levels (insufficient water depth, causing air to be drawn in during pumping) can lead to poor water intake, but the failure mechanisms and hazards of these two issues differ significantly. Current technology can only identify inlet abnormalities through common phenomena such as decreased outlet flow and increased motor current, but it cannot further distinguish the specific causes. If the actual problem is a clogged filter, the pump will continue to operate as before, causing impurities to accumulate on the filter surface and further reducing the inlet pressure. This will eventually lead to the motor overheating due to excessive load. If the actual problem is a low water level, the pump will continue to draw in air, causing the impeller and pump shaft to dry-rub against each other. This will not only wear down the parts but may also burn out the motor windings due to the high temperature generated by idling.

[0005] The two situations require different handling methods. If the filter screen is clogged, simply clean the filter screen directly without stopping the machine. However, if the water level is too low, the machine needs to be stopped to lower the submersible pump. The different handling methods and the lack of differentiation between the above fault types in the current technology lead to frequent shutdowns and low work efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to study an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback and its control method. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive submersible pump and control method based on pressure feedback, which effectively solves the problem that existing submersible pumps cannot accurately determine the type of fault, especially for the decrease in inlet pressure, and cannot distinguish whether it is due to filter blockage or water level drop, and lack corresponding treatment methods, resulting in frequent shutdowns.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback, comprising an inlet assembly, a pump body assembly, and a pressure acquisition and control assembly; The water inlet assembly includes a water inlet cover, an adjusting cover, a telescopic part, and a water inlet pressure sensor. A filter screen is installed at the lower part of the water inlet cover. The adjusting cover is fitted inside the water inlet cover. The telescopic part is located between the adjusting cover and the water inlet cover. As the telescopic part extends and retracts, the adjusting cover can slide relative to the water inlet cover to adjust the maximum water inlet height of the filter screen. The water inlet pressure sensor is located inside the adjusting cover and is used to collect the water inlet pressure. The pump assembly includes an outer shell, an inner shell, a partition, and a pumping structure. The upper part of the outer shell is provided with a partition, which divides the outer shell into an upper equipment cavity and a lower pumping cavity. A water outlet pipe is provided on the partition, and a check valve is provided on the water outlet pipe. The pumping assembly is located inside the pumping cavity. The pressure acquisition and control assembly includes a controller, an outlet pressure collector, and an inner cavity pressure collector. The inner cavity pressure collector is mounted on the partition to collect the pressure within the cavity formed by the inner shell and the outer shell. The outlet pressure collector is mounted on the pipe behind the check valve to collect the outlet pressure. The controller receives the inlet pressure, the inner cavity pressure, and the outlet pressure, and controls the working status of the three-way valve, the motor, and the telescopic part. A water level sensor is installed on the inlet cover.

[0009] Furthermore, the water inlet cover includes a base, connecting columns, and an upper guide cylinder; multiple connecting columns are provided on the inner wall of the upper guide cylinder, the base is fixed to the bottom of the connecting columns and forms a water inlet area between the base and the upper guide cylinder, the filter screen is arranged between the connecting columns, and a water inlet hole is provided in the middle of the upper guide cylinder, and the adjustment cover is fitted onto the connecting columns.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjusting cover includes a slider, an adjusting cover, and a sealing cylinder; the adjusting cover has a slider on its outer side, a groove adapted to the slider is provided on the connecting column, and a sealing cylinder is provided in the middle of the adjusting cover, the sealing cylinder being slidably fitted into the water inlet hole.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a reset spring rod, which includes a sleeve, a rod, a spring, and a limiting block. The rod is fixed to the upper part of the slider, the sleeve is fixed to the upper guide cylinder or the outer shell, the upper part of the rod is provided with a limiting block, and the spring is fitted on the rod and located below the limiting block.

[0012] Furthermore, the telescopic part is a water bladder, and a water bladder groove is provided on the upper part of the adjusting cover. The water bladder is assembled in the water bladder groove. A three-way valve is provided on the rear side of the check valve. The water bladder is connected to the three-way valve through a pipe. As the bladder expands and contracts, the adjusting cover slides up and down inside the water inlet cover.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower part of the regulating cover is provided with a nozzle facing the filter screen, and the nozzle is connected to a main pipe via a branch pipe, which is connected to the three-way valve.

[0014] Furthermore, a water distributor is installed inside the water inlet hood. The water inlet of the water distributor is connected to the outlet of a three-way valve via a water pipe. A pipe groove is installed on the upper part of the regulating hood, and the main pipe is installed in the pipe groove. The water distributor is connected to the water bladder and the main pipe via a flexible hose. The water distributor is connected to a controller, and the controller controls the operation of the water bladder and the nozzle.

[0015] Furthermore, the telescopic part is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, the pumping structure includes a pump shaft, an impeller, and a guide fluid; an inner shell is provided on the partition plate; the pump shaft is sealed and rotatably fitted in the inner shell and is connected to a motor installed in the inner shell; a guide fluid is provided inside the outer shell, the impeller is installed on the pump shaft, the impeller is spaced and fitted in the guide fluid housing to form an impeller pumping channel, and the water inlet cover is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell, with the water inlet hole in the middle communicating with the pumping channel.

[0017] The pressure feedback-based adaptive submersible pump control method, applied to the aforementioned pressure feedback-based adaptive submersible pump, includes the following steps: S1, Startup Phase When the submersible pump is lowered, the water level sensor, inlet pressure, inner cavity pressure, and outlet pressure acquisition device are activated; the motor is started to run at low speed to collect the inlet pressure reference value, inner cavity pressure reference value, and outlet pressure reference value under stable conditions, and the normal fluctuation threshold is set. S2, Normal Operation Phase Real-time data collection of inlet water pressure, inner cavity pressure, outlet water pressure, and water level is compared with baseline values; if all parameters are within normal thresholds, the current motor speed and the position of the adjustment cover are maintained. S3, Abnormal water pressure handling logic If the outlet pressure is higher than the preset value, the internal cavity pressure is collected. If the internal cavity pressure is normal, the load end is determined to be blocked. If the outlet pressure is lower than the preset value, the internal cavity pressure is collected. If the internal cavity pressure is normal, the load end is determined to be leaking. S4, Internal Pressure Anomaly Handling Logic If the internal pressure is higher than the preset value, the motor speed is reduced; if the internal pressure is lower than the preset value, the inlet water pressure is collected; if the inlet water pressure is normal, the motor or impeller is determined to be abnormal. S5, Inlet Pressure Abnormal Handling Logic If the pressure on the inlet side is too low, the water level sensor is checked. If the water level sensor is abnormal, it is determined that the water level is too low. The telescopic part is activated to move the regulating cover downward to block the filter screen and the motor is stopped. If the water level sensor is normal, it is determined that the filter is clogged; then the nozzle is activated, and the telescopic part controls the up and down movement of the adjusting cover to clean the filter.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: the present invention divides the submersible pump into three independent yet coordinated working areas—the inlet area, the inner cavity area, and the outlet area—through the partition inside the shell, the check valve of the outlet pipe, and the pumping capacity of the pump body components. Each area achieves functional isolation and precise linkage through structural design, laying the foundation for pressure monitoring and adaptive adjustment. The water inlet area is the water source inlet and primary filtration zone of the submersible pump, consisting of an inlet shroud, filter screen, regulating shroud, and telescopic section. The inlet shroud, enclosed by a base, filter screen, and upper guide cylinder, forms an annular water inlet space. The filter screen intercepts impurities. The regulating shroud slides along the connecting column via a slider-groove structure, allowing adjustment of the effective water inlet height of the filter screen. An internal inlet pressure sensor monitors the inlet pressure in real time, reflecting the water supply status. This area connects to the inner cavity, serving as both the first barrier for water entering the pump and the core area where the regulating shroud adapts to changing water inlet conditions (such as filter screen clogging or water level changes).

[0019] The inner cavity is the core area for water pressurization in the submersible pump, enclosed by an outer shell, inner shell, baffles, and a guide tube. The inner shell seals the motor and connects to the impeller via the pump shaft. The impeller rotates at high speed in the guide tube, progressively pressurizing the water introduced from the inlet area. An internal pressure sensor on the baffles monitors the internal pressure in real time, reflecting mechanical conditions such as impeller wear and shaft seal performance. This area connects to the inlet port of the inlet area above and the outlet pipe of the outlet area below, providing the working area for water pressurization.

[0020] The outlet area is the region for high-pressure water output and load status monitoring of the submersible pump. Centered around the outlet pipe, it includes a check valve, an outlet pressure sensor, and external piping. The check valve prevents water backflow, and the outlet pressure sensor monitors the output pressure to determine if the load end (such as the pipeline) is blocked or leaking. High-pressure water flows back to the inlet area through a three-way valve, providing power to the regulating shroud and nozzles. This area is the final output of the pumping operation, responsible for both delivering the pressurized water to the target location and providing load status feedback via pressure signals, thus informing the controller to adjust the motor speed.

[0021] This invention achieves pressure environment isolation by dividing the water inlet area, inner cavity area, and outlet area. Pressure acquisition devices (inlet, inner cavity, and outlet pressures) and water level sensors are set in each area to construct a multi-dimensional parameter monitoring system. By utilizing the characteristic effects of different faults on the pressure of each area (e.g., filter blockage only reduces inlet pressure while the water level remains normal, and load blockage only increases outlet pressure while the inner cavity pressure remains stable), the controller compares real-time parameters with benchmark values ​​to accurately distinguish fault types. At the same time, by combining the adjustment cover (adjusting the inlet height), nozzle (cleaning the filter), and motor speed adjustment structures, adaptive fault handling is achieved, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-parameter monitoring of submersible pumps. This ensures accurate control of the submersible pump's operating status and minimizes downtime, avoids motor idling, and improves equipment lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view structural diagram; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adjustable cover; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the water inlet assembly; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the adjustment structure of the hood relative to the water inlet hood; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the equipment room; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cavity structure viewed from below. Figure 10 This is a connection diagram for the pressure acquisition and control components.

[0023] Reference numerals: 1. Base; 2. Connecting column; 201. Slide groove; 3. Upper guide tube; 4. Filter screen; 5. Adjusting cover; 6. Sliding block; 7. Sealing cylinder; 8. Water bladder; 9. Sleeve rod; 10. Sleeve; 11. Limiting block; 12. Spring; 13. Main pipe; 14. Nozzle; 15. Water distributor; 16. Outer shell; 17. Guide fluid; 18. Pump shaft; 19. Inner shell; 20. Baffle plate; 21. Inner cavity pressure collector; 22. Check valve; 23. Outlet pipe; 24. Three-way valve; 25. Outlet water pressure collector; 26. Inlet water pressure collector; 27. Pipeline; 28. Controller; 29. ​​Motor; 30. Alarm. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example 1: This example aims to provide an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback. It is mainly used to inspect the operating status of the submersible pump and provide feedback on the corresponding fault type. Existing submersible pumps cannot accurately determine fault types, especially regarding the reduction in inlet pressure, which cannot distinguish between filter blockage and water level drop. Furthermore, the lack of corresponding handling methods leads to frequent shutdowns. This example provides an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback. This pump can achieve real-time self-inspection of fault types. For fault types that cannot be overcome, it shuts down for maintenance. For manageable fault types, it employs corresponding handling methods to address the fault, achieving self-inspection and self-repair, and reducing the number of shutdowns.

[0025] like Figure 1-5 The diagram illustrates an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback, comprising an inlet assembly, a pump body assembly, and a pressure acquisition and control assembly. In this embodiment, the inlet assembly filters the water source and adapts to the inlet conditions. It adjusts the effective inlet height of the filter screen by regulating its structure to accommodate changes in water level or filter clogging, and collects inlet pressure in real time to provide data for anomaly detection. The pump body assembly pressurizes and transports the water, pressurizing the water introduced into the inlet area and then outputting it, while simultaneously forming a closed cavity to provide an environment for monitoring the mechanical operation. The pressure acquisition and control assembly monitors and regulates the pump, collecting inlet, cavity, and outlet pressure and water level data. By analyzing and identifying fault types, it controls the actions of other components (such as the regulating structure and motor) to achieve adaptive operation and anomaly handling of the submersible pump.

[0026] like Figure 6-7 As shown, the water inlet assembly includes a water inlet cover, an adjusting cover, a telescopic part, and a water inlet pressure collector 26. In this embodiment, a filter screen 4 is provided at the lower part of the water inlet cover, the adjusting cover is adapted to be installed inside the water inlet cover, and the telescopic part is provided between the adjusting cover and the water inlet cover. As the telescopic part extends and retracts, the adjusting cover can slide relative to the water inlet cover to adjust the maximum water inlet height of the filter screen 4.

[0027] In this embodiment, an adjustable cover that can be raised and lowered is installed inside the water inlet cover. As the adjustable cover descends, it can block the filter screen 4. When the water level drops, the water inlet height can be reduced by adjusting the cover, thereby temporarily adjusting the maximum water inlet height to ensure temporary water supply. At the same time, an alarm notification is issued, and the motor is stopped after the staff handles the situation.

[0028] In the specific implementation structure, the water inlet cover includes a base 1, connecting columns 2, and an upper guide cylinder 3; multiple connecting columns 2 are provided on the inner wall of the upper guide cylinder 3. This embodiment takes four columns as an example for explanation. The base 1 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting columns 2 and forms a water inlet area between it and the upper guide cylinder 3. The base 1 is a solid disc structure, fixed to the bottom end of the connecting columns 2, and provides stable support for the entire water inlet cover through its own weight, ensuring accurate positioning of the water inlet components when the submersible pump is lowered.

[0029] Multiple installation areas are formed between the connecting columns 2. The filter screen 4 is assembled in the installation area and corresponds to the upper guide cylinder 3. The filter screen 4 is set between the connecting columns 2 to block the water inlet area. The base 1 is a solid structure and plays a supporting and positioning role. The water source enters the water inlet cover through the filter screen 4.

[0030] In this embodiment, a water inlet hole is provided in the middle of the upper guide tube 3, and the adjusting cover is fitted onto the connecting column 2 and can slide. In the specific connection structure, the adjusting cover includes a slider 6, an adjusting cover 5 and a sealing cylinder 7; the slider 6 is provided on the outer side of the adjusting cover 5, and a sliding groove 201 adapted to the slider 6 is provided on the connecting column 2; the sealing cylinder 7 is provided in the middle of the adjusting cover 5, and the sealing cylinder 7 is slidably fitted into the water inlet hole.

[0031] The sealing cylinder 7 is a cylindrical structure extending upward from the middle of the regulating cover 5. Its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the water inlet of the upper guide cylinder 3. The outer wall of the sealing cylinder 7 is provided with a wear-resistant sealing ring. This structure is sealed to the inlet of the guide fluid 17. When the regulating cover slides up and down, the sealing cylinder 7 is always slidably fitted inside the water inlet of the guide fluid 17. This ensures the communication between the water inlet and the inside of the regulating cover 5, and prevents water from leaking from the gap through the sealing ring, ensuring a seal and preventing water from entering.

[0032] The inner side of the connecting column 2 has an arc-shaped structure and a square sliding groove 201 structure. The slider 6 is fitted into the sliding groove 201 to guide the sliding, position and provide an installation node for the filter screen 4, so as to realize the adjustment of the vertical position of the adjustment cover relative to the water inlet cover. At the same time, the connecting column 2 is used to separate the filter screen 4 to avoid deformation caused by the large area of ​​a single filter screen 4. The filter screen 4 covers the entire area to achieve the first step of filtration of the incoming water source, intercepting large particles such as aquatic plants and stones.

[0033] The telescopic component, serving as the driving force, can be structurally either a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. It achieves linear stroke changes through autonomous extension and retraction. For specific installation structures, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 4 The spring rod is replaced with a cylinder; and the structure can be electrically driven, can receive control commands from the controller 28, and make corresponding extension and retraction movements to achieve automatic control.

[0034] Meanwhile, the inlet pressure acquisition device 26 is installed inside the regulating cover to collect inlet pressure data. The inlet pressure acquisition device 26 (usually a high-precision pressure sensor) is fixed inside the regulating cover, with its acquisition end directly contacting the water source in the inlet area. It is used to capture inlet pressure data in real time. Inlet pressure directly reflects changes in the water supply on the inlet side, and is a core indicator reflecting the water supply status: when the water supply is sufficient (normal water level and unobstructed filter 4), the pressure of water flowing through filter 4 into the inlet area is stable; if the water supply is insufficient (e.g., filter 4 is clogged, increasing inlet resistance, or the water level is too low, making water intake difficult), the inlet pressure will drop significantly. This pressure data is transmitted to the controller 28 in real time and, after comparison with a reference value, becomes a key basis for judging whether filter 4 is clogged or the water level is too low. For example, when the inlet pressure is below a threshold, combined with water level sensor data, the controller 28 can accurately determine the fault type and instruct the telescopic part to drive the regulating cover to perform corresponding actions.

[0035] The pump assembly includes an outer shell 16, an inner shell 19, a partition 20, and a pumping structure. The upper part of the outer shell 16 is provided with a partition 20, which divides the outer shell 16 into an upper equipment chamber and a lower pumping chamber. The outer shell 16 is the external load-bearing structure of the submersible pump, made of high-strength corrosion-resistant material, and is generally vertical cylindrical. A sealing partition 20 (sealed and welded to the outer shell 16) is fixed horizontally on its upper part, dividing the interior of the outer shell 16 into two independent chambers. The upper equipment chamber is a closed space, mainly used to install the controller 28, motor drive module, inner chamber pressure collector 21, outlet water pressure collector 25, valve control module, etc., to prevent water intrusion from affecting the circuit operation. The lower pumping chamber is the core area for water pressurization, which houses the pumping structure. Its bottom is fixedly connected to the water inlet cover (through flange sealing) to ensure that the water source filtered by the filter screen 4 can directly enter the pumping chamber.

[0036] A water outlet pipe 23 is installed on the partition plate 20, and a check valve 22 is installed on the water outlet pipe 23. The check valve 22 ensures that the water flow is unidirectional and prevents the water in the pipe from flowing back and impacting the impeller when the machine stops. At the same time, it distinguishes the pumping chamber from the water outlet pipe 23.

[0037] The pumping assembly is located inside the pumping chamber. The pumping structure includes a pump shaft 18, an impeller, and a guide tube 17. An inner shell 19 is provided on the partition 20. The pump shaft 18 is sealed and rotatably fitted in the inner shell 19 and is connected to a motor located in the inner shell 19. The guide tube 17 is provided inside the outer shell 16. The impeller is located on the pump shaft 18 and is spaced within the guide tube housing to form an impeller pumping channel. The water inlet cover is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell 16, and the water inlet hole in the middle of the cover communicates with the pumping channel. In the specific implementation structure, the inner shell 19 is a sealed cylinder 7-shaped structure, vertically fixed to the bottom of the partition 20. A submersible motor is installed inside the inner shell and electrically connected to the controller 28. The motor output shaft is connected to the pump shaft 18 via a coupling. The pump shaft 18 passes through the bottom of the inner shell 19 and extends downward to the pumping chamber. The contact part between the shaft and the inner shell 19 is sealed with a mechanical seal (such as a skeleton oil seal + O-ring) to prevent water in the pumping chamber from seeping into the inner shell 19 and damaging the motor.

[0038] The guide fluid 17 is fixed in the inner wall of the outer casing 16, and one or more are distributed at intervals along the length of the pump shaft 18. Each guide fluid 17 has an impeller installed inside it. The impeller is fixed to the pump shaft 18 by a key connection and rotates at high speed with the pump shaft 18. When the impeller rotates, it throws the water entering the flow channel to the edge, generating initial pressure under the action of centrifugal force. Then the water enters the flow channel of the next guide fluid 17 and is pressurized again by the next impeller, forming a multi-stage pressurization effect. Finally, the high-pressure water converges upward along the outlet channel of the guide fluid 17 and is discharged through the outlet pipe 23 on the baffle 20.

[0039] like Figure 8-9 As shown, the pressure acquisition and control assembly includes a controller 28, an outlet pressure collector 25, and an inner cavity pressure collector 21. The inner cavity pressure collector 21 is mounted on the partition 20 to collect the inner cavity pressure formed by the inner shell 19 and the outer shell 16. The outlet pressure collector 25 is mounted on the pipe behind the check valve 22 to collect the outlet pressure. The controller 28 receives the inlet pressure, the inner cavity pressure, and the outlet pressure, and controls the working status of the three-way valve 24, the motor 29, and the telescopic part. A water level sensor is mounted on the inlet cover.

[0040] In this embodiment, the internal cavity pressure acquisition device 21 is fixed to the side of the partition 20 facing the pumping chamber and is directly connected to the internal cavity between the inner shell 19 and the outer shell 16. It is used to collect the internal cavity pressure (i.e., the pressure of the enclosed space outside the inner shell 19 and inside the outer shell 16) in real time. This pressure signal is a key indicator reflecting the state of the mechanical system. During normal operation, the internal cavity maintains a stable pressure due to water filling. If the impeller wears or the pump shaft 18 seal fails, water leakage will cause the internal cavity pressure to rise abnormally. If insufficient water intake causes the impeller to run dry, the internal cavity pressure will drop sharply due to water flow turbulence.

[0041] The outlet pressure acquisition device 25 is connected in series on the outlet pipe 23 behind the check valve 22 (near the pump outlet) to monitor the real-time pressure on the outlet side, directly reflecting the working condition of the load side. The pressure rise usually corresponds to pipe blockage (such as debris blocking the outlet); the pressure drop is mostly due to pipe leakage or pump side failure.

[0042] The water level sensor is fixed on the outside of the water inlet cover. It monitors the current water depth in real time through ultrasonic or float principle, providing auxiliary judgment basis for abnormal water pressure. When the water pressure drops, if the water level sensor shows that the water level is lower than the working threshold, it can be determined that the water level is too low; if the water level is normal, it can be determined that the filter screen 4 is blocked.

[0043] In use, the adjustment process of the adjustment cover in this embodiment is the core action of the submersible pump to adaptively adjust the effective water inlet height of the filter screen 4 according to the water inlet conditions (such as filter screen 4 blockage and water level changes). It achieves up and down sliding through the drive of the telescopic part, and relies on the structural design to ensure the stability and sealing of the adjustment.

[0044] During normal operation, the initial position of the regulating cover is in the neutral position (calibrated during the startup phase), with its bottom maintaining a certain distance from the filter screen 4. The effective water inlet height of the filter screen 4 is the total height of the filter screen 4 minus the obstruction height of the regulating cover, ensuring that the water inlet flow rate matches the pumping requirements. The telescopic part is in the locked state, and the position of the regulating cover is fixed.

[0045] Controller 28 detects that the inlet water pressure is lower than the reference value and the water level is normal (determined to be that filter 4 is clogged), and its adjustment action is as follows: S1, the controller 28 sends an extension command to the telescopic part, and the cylinder / hydraulic cylinder piston rod extends; S2, the thrust of the telescopic part causes the adjusting cover to slide upward along the slide groove 201; S3, after the adjustment cover moves up, the area of ​​its bottom covering the filter screen 4 decreases, the effective filter holes of the filter screen 4 are released, the effective water inlet height of the filter screen 4 increases, the water inlet flow increases, and the insufficient water inlet caused by blockage is relieved; S4, if the inlet water pressure rises back to the normal range after adjustment, controller 28 locks the telescopic part status and adjusts the cover to maintain the current position.

[0046] Controller 28 detects that the inlet water pressure is lower than the reference value and the water level sensor shows that the water level is too low (determined to be difficult to draw water), and its adjustment action is as follows: S1, the controller 28 sends a retraction command to the telescopic part, and the cylinder / hydraulic cylinder piston rod retracts; S2, the adjusting cover slides downward along the slide groove 201; S3, after the adjustment cover moves down, its bottom gradually covers the lower area of ​​the filter screen 4, reducing the effective water inlet height and reducing air intake caused by insufficient water level; S4. If the water level continues to drop to the warning value, adjust the cover to move down to the lower limit, completely blocking the lower part of the filter screen 4, and cooperate with the motor 29 to stop the machine and prevent the impeller from running dry and wearing out.

[0047] The pressure feedback-based adaptive submersible pump described in this embodiment aims to solve the problem that existing submersible pumps cannot accurately determine the cause of reduced inlet pressure (blockage of filter screen 4 or low water level) and lack of handling methods, leading to frequent shutdowns. Through the collaboration of the inlet component, pump body component, and pressure acquisition and control component, and by monitoring the inlet, inner cavity, and outlet pressure and water level, the controller 28 accurately identifies the fault type and drives the adjustment cover to slide up and down through the telescopic part to adjust the effective inlet height of filter screen 4. When filter screen 4 is blocked, it moves upward to increase the inlet height and assists in cleaning. When the water level is too low, it moves downward to reduce the inlet height until the machine shuts down for protection. This achieves self-diagnosis and self-repair of faults, reduces the number of shutdowns, and improves operational stability.

[0048] Example 2 further illustrates the implementation structure of the telescopic part.

[0049] In this embodiment, the telescopic part is a water bladder 8. A water bladder groove is provided on the upper part of the adjusting cover. The water bladder 8 is assembled in the water bladder groove. A three-way valve 24 is provided on the rear side of the check valve 22. The water bladder 8 is connected to the three-way valve 24 through the pipe 27. As the bladder expands and contracts, the adjusting cover slides up and down inside the water inlet cover.

[0050] This embodiment also includes a reset spring rod, which includes a sleeve 10, a rod 9, a spring 12, and a limiting block 11. The rod 9 is fixed to the upper part of the slider 6, the sleeve 10 is fixed to the upper guide cylinder 3 or the outer shell 16, the upper part of the rod 9 is provided with the limiting block 11, and the spring 12 is fitted on the rod 9 and is located below the limiting block 11.

[0051] In this embodiment, the telescopic part adopts a water bladder 8 structure, which is assembled in the water bladder 8 groove on the upper part of the regulating cover. It is connected to the three-way valve 24 behind the check valve 22 through a pipe, and can be driven directly by the water pressure of the pump body itself; at the same time, it completes the reset with the return spring 12 rod. Its working principle is as follows: when the regulating cover needs to be moved down, the controller 28 controls the three-way valve 24 to inject water into the water bladder 8. The water bladder 8 expands with the help of the water pressure, pushing the regulating cover to move up along the slide groove 201 of the connecting column 2 (compressing the return spring 12); when the regulating cover needs to be moved up, the three-way valve 24 switches the state, the elastic force of the return spring 12 pushes the sleeve rod 9 to retract, squeezing the water bladder 8 to drain water and shrink it, driving the regulating cover down. The water bladder 8 is equipped with a water outlet solenoid valve to facilitate water discharge with the help of the spring.

[0052] This embodiment utilizes the pump body's own water pressure and the spring force of spring 12 to achieve precise extension and retraction control of the adjustment cover without an additional power source, adapting to the adjustment needs of different water inlet conditions.

[0053] Example 3: This example also includes a filter 4 cleaning structure.

[0054] When implementing Figure 4-5 As shown, the lower part of the regulating hood is equipped with a nozzle 14 facing the filter screen 4. The nozzle 14 is connected to a main pipe 13 via branch pipes, and the main pipe 13 is connected to the three-way valve 24. A water distributor 15 is installed inside the water inlet hood. The inlet of the water distributor is connected to the outlet of the three-way valve 24 via a water pipe. A pipe groove is provided on the upper part of the regulating hood, and the main pipe 13 is installed in the pipe groove. The water distributor 15 is connected to the water bladder 8 and the main pipe 13 via a flexible hose. The water distributor is connected to the controller 28, and the controller 28 controls the operation of the water bladder 8 and the nozzle 14.

[0055] This embodiment cleverly utilizes the water output power of the submersible pump to construct a self-cleaning system for the filter screen 4. The specific implementation method is as follows: multiple nozzles 14 facing the filter screen 4 are distributed circumferentially at the lower part of the regulating cover. Each nozzle 14 is connected to the main pipe through branch pipes. The main pipe is embedded in the pipe groove at the upper part of the regulating cover and connected to the water distributor. The water inlet of the water distributor is connected to the three-way valve 24 behind the check valve 22 through a water pipe. At the same time, it is connected to the water bag 8 and the main pipe of the nozzles 14 through hoses. The water distributor is directly controlled by the controller 28.

[0056] When the controller 28 determines that the filter screen 4 is clogged, it triggers the self-cleaning process: the controller 28 instructs the water distributor to switch the flow path, so that part of the water diverted by the three-way valve 24 (using the water flow power after the pump body is pressurized) is delivered to each nozzle 14 through the main pipe, forming a high-pressure water flow to directly wash the surface of the filter screen 4; at the same time, the water distributor coordinates the filling and emptying state of the water bladder 8, drives the adjusting cover to slide up and down along the connecting column 2, and the movement of the adjusting cover drives the nozzles 14 to rise and fall synchronously, so that the high-pressure water flow fully covers different areas of the filter screen 4, thoroughly removing the attached impurities. No additional power source is required, and the filter screen 4 is cleaned directly by the water pressure of the submersible pump itself. Moreover, the cleaning process is linked with the water inlet height adjustment of the adjusting cover, which ensures the stability of water inlet while efficiently clearing blockages and greatly reduces the need for manual maintenance.

[0057] Example 4: This example provides a control method for an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback.

[0058] like Figure 10 The control method for an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback, as shown in the figure, includes the following steps: S1, Startup Phase When the submersible pump is lowered, the water level sensor, inlet, inner cavity, and outlet pressure acquisition device 25 are activated; the motor 29 is started to run at low speed to collect the inlet pressure reference value, inner cavity pressure reference value, and outlet pressure reference value under stable conditions, and to set the normal fluctuation threshold. During implementation, the normal fluctuation range will be set based on the reference values: inlet pressure threshold: Pinlet0±10%; inner cavity pressure threshold: Pinner0±8%; outlet pressure threshold: Poutlet0±15%; water level warning value: H0×70%.

[0059] S2, Normal Operation Phase Real-time data collection of inlet pressure, inner cavity pressure, outlet pressure, and water level is performed and compared with baseline values. If all parameters are within normal thresholds, the current motor speed of 29 and the position of the adjustment hood are maintained. Normal operation is determined if the following conditions are met: Pin ∈ [Pin 0-10%, Pin 0+10%]; Pinner ∈ [Pinner 0-8%, Pinner 0+8%]; Pout ∈ [Pout 0-15%, Pout 0+15%]; H ≥ H0 × 70%.

[0060] S3, Abnormal water pressure handling logic If the outlet pressure is higher than the preset value, the internal cavity pressure is collected. If the internal cavity pressure is normal, the load end is determined to be blocked. If the outlet pressure is lower than the preset value, the internal cavity pressure is collected. If the internal cavity pressure is normal, the load end is determined to be leaking. If the outlet water pressure is too high (P_out > P_out 0 + 15%): immediately collect the internal pressure P_internal. If P_internal ∈ [P_internal 0 - 8%, P_internal 0 + 8%] (internal cavity is normal), it is determined that the load end is blocked (such as the pipe is blocked by debris). The speed of motor 29 is gradually reduced by controller 28 (5% reduction each time, with an interval of 5 seconds) until P_out returns to the normal range. If it is still abnormal after 5 adjustments, the load blockage audible and visual alarm is triggered, and motor 29 maintains the current speed and waits for manual cleaning. If the outlet water pressure is too low (P_out < P_out 0-15%): Immediately collect the internal pressure P_internal. If P_internal ∈ [P_internal 0-8%, P_internal 0+8%] (internal cavity is normal), it is determined to be a load-end leakage (such as pipe damage or loose connection); the controller 28 gradually increases the speed of the motor 29 (increases by 5% each time, with an interval of 5 seconds, and does not exceed 120% of the rated speed) to compensate for leakage loss; if it is still abnormal after 5 adjustments, the load leakage audible and visual alarm is triggered, the fault type is recorded, the motor 29 is reduced to 50% of the rated speed and stopped after confirmation by the staff.

[0061] S4, Internal Pressure Anomaly Handling Logic If the internal pressure is higher than the preset value, reduce the speed of motor 29; if the internal pressure is lower than the preset value, collect the inlet water pressure; if the inlet water pressure is normal, determine that motor 29 or impeller is abnormal.

[0062] If the internal pressure is too high (P_internal > P_internal 0 + 8%), it is determined that the load resistance has increased. Immediately reduce the motor speed by 29 until P_internal returns to the normal range. Low internal pressure (Pinternal < Pinternal 0-8%): Collect the inlet water pressure Pin. If Pin ∈ [Pin 0-10%, Pin 0+10%] (normal water intake), it is determined that the motor 29 or impeller is abnormal (such as impeller blade failure, insufficient output power of motor 29); slowly stop the machine, record the internal pressure curve and the stopping time, and perform manual inspection.

[0063] S5, Inlet Pressure Abnormal Handling Logic If the pressure on the inlet side is too low, the water level sensor is checked. If the water level sensor is abnormal, it is determined that the water level is too low. The telescopic part is activated to move the regulating cover downward to block the filter screen 4 and control the motor 29 to stop. If the water level sensor is normal, it is determined that the filter screen 4 is clogged; then the nozzle 14 is activated, and the telescopic part controls the up and down movement of the adjusting cover to clean the filter screen 4.

[0064] When Pinlet < Pinlet0-10% (inlet pressure too low), a dual-condition judgment is initiated. If the water level is abnormal (H < H<0×70%), it is determined that the water level is too low. The controller 28 instructs the telescopic part to extend, and the adjusting cover moves down along the sliding groove 201 of the connecting column 2, gradually blocking the filter screen 4 area and reducing the effective inlet height. If H continues to drop to H0×50% (warning water level), the adjusting cover moves down to the lower limit, completely blocking the filter screen 4. At the same time, the motor 29 is stopped, triggering a low water level alarm. The machine can automatically restart when the water level rises back to above H0×70%. Normal water level (H≥H0×70%): It is determined that the filter screen 4 is clogged and self-cleaning is performed. During the process, the controller 28 instructs the water distributor to switch the channel and distribute the water from the outlet pipe 23 to the nozzle 14. At the same time, the telescopic part is controlled to move alternately, driving the adjustment cover to slide up and down (the stroke covers the full height of the filter screen 4). The nozzle 14 sprays high-pressure water to wash away the impurities in the filter screen 4. The P-in is checked every 10 seconds of cleaning. If it returns to the normal range, the nozzle 14 is turned off and the adjustment cover is reset. If it is still abnormal after 3 cleanings, the filter 4 is triggered to alarm for severe blockage. The motor 29 is reduced to 30% of the rated speed and waits for manual cleaning.

[0065] This embodiment constructs a multi-dimensional monitoring system for inlet water pressure, internal cavity pressure, outlet water pressure, and water level, which can accurately identify various abnormalities in the operation of the submersible pump, including filter screen 4 blockage and low water level on the inlet side, blockage and leakage at the load end, motor 29, impeller failure, etc. Targeted measures are taken for different abnormalities, such as automatic flushing when filter screen 4 is blocked, gradual sealing of filter screen 4 when the water level is too low, speed adjustment when the load is abnormal, and shutdown protection when mechanical failure occurs. This forms a closed-loop control system of monitoring, identification, processing, and feedback, achieving full-process monitoring and adaptive handling of submersible pump abnormalities, significantly improving operational stability and intelligence, reducing downtime, and extending equipment life.

Claims

1. An adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback, characterized in that: Includes water inlet assembly, pump body assembly, and pressure acquisition and control assembly; The water inlet assembly includes a water inlet cover, an adjusting cover, a telescopic part, and a water inlet pressure sensor. A filter screen is installed at the lower part of the water inlet cover. The adjusting cover is fitted inside the water inlet cover. The telescopic part is located between the adjusting cover and the water inlet cover. As the telescopic part extends and retracts, the adjusting cover can slide relative to the water inlet cover to adjust the maximum water inlet height of the filter screen. The water inlet pressure sensor is located inside the adjusting cover and is used to collect the water inlet pressure. The pump assembly includes an outer shell, an inner shell, a partition, and a pumping structure. The upper part of the outer shell is provided with a partition, which divides the outer shell into an upper equipment cavity and a lower pumping cavity. A water outlet pipe is provided on the partition, and a check valve is provided on the water outlet pipe. The pumping assembly is located inside the pumping cavity. The pressure acquisition and control assembly includes a controller, an outlet pressure collector, and an inner cavity pressure collector. The inner cavity pressure collector is mounted on the partition to collect the pressure within the cavity formed by the inner shell and the outer shell. The outlet pressure collector is mounted on the pipe behind the check valve to collect the outlet pressure. The controller receives the inlet pressure, the inner cavity pressure, and the outlet pressure, and controls the working status of the three-way valve, the motor, and the telescopic part. A water level sensor is installed on the inlet cover.

2. The adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet cover includes a base, connecting columns, and an upper guide cylinder; multiple connecting columns are provided on the inner wall of the upper guide cylinder, the base is fixed to the bottom of the connecting columns and forms a water inlet area between the base and the upper guide cylinder, the filter screen is arranged between the connecting columns, and a water inlet hole is provided in the middle of the upper guide cylinder, and the adjustment cover is fitted onto the connecting columns.

3. The adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback according to claim 2, characterized in that: The regulating cover includes a slider, an regulating cover, and a sealing cylinder; the slider is provided on the outer side of the regulating cover, and a groove adapted to the slider is provided on the connecting column; the sealing cylinder is provided in the middle of the regulating cover, and the sealing cylinder is slidably fitted into the water inlet hole.

4. The adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a reset spring rod, which includes a sleeve, a rod, a spring, and a limiting block. The rod is fixed to the upper part of the slider, the sleeve is fixed to the upper guide cylinder or the outer shell, the upper part of the rod is provided with a limiting block, and the spring is fitted on the rod and located below the limiting block.

5. The adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic part is a water bladder. A water bladder groove is provided on the upper part of the adjusting cover. The water bladder is assembled in the water bladder groove. A three-way valve is provided on the back side of the check valve. The water bladder is connected to the three-way valve through a pipe. As the bladder expands and contracts, the adjusting cover slides up and down inside the water inlet cover.

6. The adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower part of the regulating cover is provided with a nozzle facing the filter screen. The nozzle is connected to a main pipe via a branch pipe, and the main pipe is connected to the three-way valve.

7. The adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water inlet hood is equipped with a water distributor. The water inlet of the water distributor is connected to the outlet of a three-way valve via a water pipe. The upper part of the regulating hood is equipped with a pipe groove, and the main pipe is installed in the pipe groove. The water distributor is connected to the water bladder and the main pipe via a flexible hose. The water distributor is connected to a controller, and the controller controls the operation of the water bladder and the nozzle.

8. The adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic part is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

9. The adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pumping structure includes a pump shaft, an impeller, and a guide fluid; an inner shell is provided on the partition plate; the pump shaft is sealed and rotatably fitted in the inner shell and is connected to a motor installed in the inner shell; a guide fluid is provided inside the outer shell, the impeller is installed on the pump shaft, the impeller is spaced and fitted in the guide fluid housing to form an impeller pumping channel, and the water inlet cover is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell, with the water inlet hole in the middle communicating with the pumping channel.

10. A control method for an adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback, applied to the adaptive submersible pump based on pressure feedback as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps S1, Startup Phase When the submersible pump is lowered, the water level sensor, inlet pressure, inner cavity pressure, and outlet pressure acquisition device are activated; the motor is started to run at low speed to collect the inlet pressure reference value, inner cavity pressure reference value, and outlet pressure reference value under stable conditions, and the normal fluctuation threshold is set. S2, Normal Operation Phase Real-time data collection of inlet water pressure, inner cavity pressure, outlet water pressure, and water level is compared with baseline values; if all parameters are within normal thresholds, the current motor speed and the position of the adjustment cover are maintained. S3, Abnormal water pressure handling logic If the outlet pressure is higher than the preset value, the internal cavity pressure is collected. If the internal cavity pressure is normal, the load end is determined to be blocked. If the outlet pressure is lower than the preset value, the internal cavity pressure is collected. If the internal cavity pressure is normal, the load end is determined to be leaking. S4, Internal Pressure Anomaly Handling Logic If the internal pressure is higher than the preset value, the motor speed is reduced; if the internal pressure is lower than the preset value, the inlet water pressure is collected; if the inlet water pressure is normal, the motor or impeller is determined to be abnormal. S5, Inlet Pressure Abnormal Handling Logic If the pressure on the inlet side is too low, the water level sensor is checked. If the water level sensor is abnormal, it is determined that the water level is too low. The telescopic part is activated to move the regulating cover downward to block the filter screen and the motor is stopped. If the water level sensor is normal, it is determined that the filter is clogged; then the nozzle is activated, and the telescopic part controls the up and down movement of the adjusting cover to clean the filter.

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