An Online Diagnostic Method for Leakage Safety of Asphalt Core Dams Integrating Multiple Factors

Abstract

This invention discloses an online diagnostic method for leakage safety of asphalt core wall dams that integrates multiple factors. The method involves collecting multiple core wall parameters of the asphalt core wall dam; determining the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam based on these parameters using an online diagnostic algorithm; and determining the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam based on its leakage safety level. This invention has the advantages of enabling multi-parameter fusion analysis, dynamic hierarchical assessment, and improved accuracy in leakage diagnosis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy project safety monitoring technology, specifically relating to an online diagnostic method for leakage safety of asphalt core wall dams that integrates multiple factors. Background Technology

[0002] Asphalt concrete core dams are widely used in water conservancy projects due to their excellent seepage prevention and seismic resistance. However, some core dams built under complex geological conditions such as deep overburden layers and steep river valleys have commonly experienced varying degrees of seepage problems. These seepage problems are characterized by complex causes, strong concealment, random distribution of seepage points, and small spatial scale, posing serious hidden dangers to the safe operation of the project.

[0003] Currently, the industry mainly uses single technical methods such as geophysical exploration, heat source tracing, and flow field analysis for leakage diagnosis. These methods generally have the following technical shortcomings: First, existing technologies rely heavily on the single evaluation indicator of leakage volume, neglecting the comprehensive influence of other key parameters; second, they lack an effective assessment mechanism for the long-term cumulative effect of small leakage volumes. These technical limitations can easily lead to a situation where "minor problems become major issues," potentially triggering catastrophic engineering accidents.

[0004] More importantly, existing technologies cannot achieve dynamic grading assessment of leakage safety status, making it difficult to identify potential risks in a timely manner. When initial signs of leakage appear in the dam body, traditional methods struggle to accurately and promptly determine the extent of leakage development and the level of hazard, hindering the provision of a scientific basis for engineering maintenance decisions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an online diagnostic technology system capable of integrating multi-source monitoring data to achieve real-time grading assessment of leakage safety status.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology and provide an online diagnostic method for leakage safety of asphalt core wall dams that integrates multiple factors. This method has the advantages of enabling multi-parameter fusion analysis, dynamic hierarchical assessment, and improved accuracy of leakage diagnosis.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an online diagnostic method for leakage safety of asphalt core wall dams that integrates multiple factors, which collects multiple core wall parameters of asphalt core wall dams;

[0008] The leakage safety level of asphalt core wall dams is determined by an online diagnostic algorithm based on multiple core wall parameters.

[0009] The leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is determined based on its leakage safety level.

[0010] Furthermore, the multiple core wall parameters include the flow velocity in front of the core wall, the horizontal displacement of the core wall, and the leakage rate of the core wall.

[0011] Furthermore, the online diagnostic algorithm for the leakage safety level of the asphalt core dam is as follows:

[0012] ;

[0013] Where f(x,y,z) represents the leakage safety level of the asphalt core dam; x, y, and z represent the water flow velocity in front of the core wall, the horizontal displacement of the core wall, and the leakage rate of the core wall, respectively; K1, K2, K3, and K4 represent the four leakage safety levels of the asphalt core dam, with K1 being high, K2 being relatively high, K3 being medium, and K4 being low; D x1 and D x2 These are the first and second critical values ​​for the water flow velocity in front of the core wall, respectively; D y1 and D y2 These are the first and second critical values ​​for the horizontal displacement of the core wall, respectively; D z This is the critical value for leakage.

[0014] Furthermore, determining the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam based on its leakage safety level includes:

[0015] If the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is high or relatively high, then the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is determined to be safe.

[0016] If the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is medium, then the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is determined based on the actual slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam.

[0017] If the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is low, then the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is determined to be a warning level.

[0018] Furthermore, the determination of the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam based on the actual dam slope safety factor includes:

[0019] If the actual slope safety factor of the asphalt core dam is greater than or equal to the standard slope safety factor of the asphalt core dam, then the leakage safety state of the asphalt core dam is determined to be safe.

[0020] If the actual slope safety factor of the asphalt core dam is less than the standard slope safety factor of the asphalt core dam, then the leakage safety status of the asphalt core dam is determined to be a warning.

[0021] Furthermore, the actual slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam is determined by the ratio of the anti-sliding force to the sliding force.

[0022] Furthermore, the standard slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam is determined by referring to the table of standard slope safety factors for asphalt core wall dam engineering grades.

[0023] Furthermore, if the leakage safety status of the asphalt core dam is determined to be at a warning level, an early warning will be issued.

[0024] Furthermore, after issuing the warning, repair and reinforcement measures were adopted to reinforce the asphalt core dam, and the leakage safety level of the asphalt core dam was reassessed after reinforcement.

[0025] Furthermore, the repair and reinforcement measures include grouting to seal leaks in front of the wall or reconstructing the impermeable structure.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] This invention establishes a graded assessment model by integrating multiple parameters such as the flow velocity in front of the core wall, horizontal displacement, and leakage rate. Combined with dynamic safety factor analysis, it solves the technical problems of traditional methods that rely on a single indicator and lack dynamic graded assessment. It has the advantages of improving the accuracy and real-time performance of leakage diagnosis, and can realize real-time diagnosis of the "safety" and "early warning" status of asphalt core wall dams, avoiding the catastrophic consequences of dam failure caused by "minor problems" of leakage in asphalt core wall dams. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of aiding understanding the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0030] In existing technologies, leakage diagnosis of asphalt concrete core wall dams mainly relies on leakage volume as a single evaluation indicator, lacking fusion analysis of multi-source data. Traditional methods, using geophysical exploration or flow field analysis, struggle to capture the long-term cumulative effects of small leakage volumes, and the assessment process is primarily qualitative, failing to achieve real-time online monitoring. For example, in deep overburden layers or steep river valleys, leakage channels may be highly concealed and small in spatial scale; single-indicator evaluation easily overlooks related factors such as core wall displacement and flow velocity changes, leading to misjudgments of leakage status.

[0031] To address the aforementioned issues, existing methods were found to have shortcomings in terms of data dimensionality and timeliness: on the one hand, monitoring only the leakage rate cannot reflect the comprehensive impact of leakage on the dam structure; on the other hand, offline detection methods lead to delayed response. Through analysis of the leakage development mechanism, it was recognized that there is a non-linear correlation between the leakage state and the dynamic parameters of the core wall. For example, sudden changes in the flow velocity in front of the wall may indicate the formation of a leakage channel, and abnormal horizontal displacement may reflect damage to the impermeable body. Based on this, a multi-parameter collaborative monitoring system was proposed, and a diagnostic algorithm capable of processing multi-dimensional data in real time was developed to achieve dynamic assessment of leakage risk through quantitative grading.

[0032] Therefore, this invention proposes an online diagnostic method for leakage safety of asphalt core wall dams that integrates multiple factors, such as... Figure 1 As shown, multiple core wall parameters of the asphalt core wall dam are collected periodically. Based on these parameters, an online diagnostic algorithm for the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is used to determine its leakage safety level. The leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is then determined based on its leakage safety level.

[0033] Among them, multiple core wall parameters refer to multi-dimensional monitoring data reflecting the operational status of the core wall dam. Specifically, flow velocity sensors, displacement meters, and seepage meters can be used to simultaneously collect the flow velocity, horizontal displacement, and leakage in front of the dam. Multi-source data fusion provides a basis for comprehensive evaluation. Periodicity refers to the periodic collection of data, with the period calculated on a daily basis. That is, the online diagnostics of leakage safety of the asphalt core wall dam can be performed once a day, corresponding to the average flow velocity of the day, the cumulative horizontal displacement of the day, and the cumulative leakage of the day.

[0034] Among them, the online diagnostic algorithm for the leakage safety level of asphalt core wall dam refers to a mathematical model that dynamically analyzes multiple parameters based on preset thresholds. Specifically, it can adopt piecewise functions or decision tree models, and output a quantitative safety level by comparing the relationship between measured parameters and critical values.

[0035] Among them, the leakage safety status refers to the health status of the dam body according to the safety level. Specifically, the safety level can be mapped to safety, warning and other status commands through the logic judgment module to trigger corresponding disposal measures.

[0036] Specifically, a sensor network is deployed to collect real-time data on flow velocity, horizontal displacement, and leakage in front of the wall. This data is then input into an online diagnostic algorithm for fusion analysis. The algorithm determines the risk range of each parameter based on preset flow velocity thresholds, displacement change rate thresholds, and leakage rate thresholds, and determines the leakage safety level through a combination of multiple conditions. For example, when the flow velocity in front of the wall exceeds the first critical value and the displacement change rate continues to rise, the algorithm determines the safety level to be high risk. Subsequently, according to the level classification rules, the high-risk level is mapped to an early warning state, triggering a real-time alarm mechanism.

[0037] This invention can identify the correlation signals between abnormal flow velocity and displacement changes in the early stage of leakage through multi-parameter collaborative monitoring; it achieves dynamic assessment of multiple thresholds through online diagnostic algorithms, which solves the shortcomings of traditional methods such as single data dimension and lagging assessment; and it establishes a closed-loop control process from data acquisition to risk management by mapping the safety level to the status.

[0038] Through the above technical solution, this invention achieves dynamic quantitative assessment of leakage status, enabling timely detection of early leakage risks and avoiding delays in handling due to misjudgment caused by a single indicator. Multi-parameter fusion analysis effectively improves leakage location accuracy, and the online diagnostic mechanism ensures real-time processing capabilities of monitoring data, providing reliable technical support for the safe operation and maintenance of asphalt core wall dams under complex working conditions. It boasts advantages such as strong adaptability, high reliability, and good real-time performance.

[0039] This invention further proposes a comprehensive monitoring method in the online diagnosis of leakage safety in asphalt core wall dams, which involves collecting three types of parameters: the flow velocity in front of the core wall, the horizontal displacement of the core wall, and the leakage amount of the core wall.

[0040] The flow velocity in front of the core wall refers to the flow speed of the seepage water inside the dam body. This can be monitored in real time using flow velocity sensors or tracer methods to reflect the dynamic changes in the hydraulic gradient of the core wall region, thereby capturing the formation and expansion trends of the seepage path. The horizontal displacement of the core wall refers to the deformation of the core wall structure in the horizontal direction. This can be continuously measured using displacement gauges or laser rangefinders to characterize the cumulative deformation effect caused by seepage in the dam structure and to assess structural stability. The seepage volume of the core wall refers to the volume of seepage water passing through the core wall impermeable body. This can be quantitatively collected using flow meters or measuring weirs to directly quantify the scale of seepage and assess the degree of degradation in impermeability.

[0041] Specifically, by simultaneously acquiring three types of parameters—flow velocity, horizontal displacement, and leakage rate—a multi-dimensional diagnostic index system covering seepage dynamics, structural response, and leakage results was constructed. Monitoring the flow velocity in front of the core wall can identify abnormal changes in the seepage field; for example, when the flow velocity exceeds a critical value, it indicates that a seepage path may have formed. A continuous increase in the horizontal displacement of the core wall can reflect the coupling effect between structural deformation and leakage; for example, a sudden change in displacement may indicate the failure of a local seepage barrier. The cumulative data of core wall leakage directly reflects the degree of degradation in seepage prevention performance. The synergistic analysis of these three types of parameters can distinguish the stages of leakage development. For example, when the leakage rate has not increased significantly, potential leakage risks can be identified in advance through abnormal flow velocity or sudden changes in displacement, avoiding diagnostic lag caused by relying solely on the leakage rate.

[0042] This invention integrates three types of parameters—flow velocity, displacement, and leakage rate—to achieve simultaneous monitoring of the seepage dynamic process, structural response state, and leakage results. It can detect potential leakage risks in advance through abnormal flow velocity or displacement even when the leakage rate has not changed significantly, effectively solving the problem of insufficient data integration of single indicators.

[0043] Through the above technical solution, this invention can achieve early warning of the leakage development process, avoiding misjudgment or omission due to insufficient monitoring of a single parameter. For example, when the horizontal displacement of the core wall continues to increase but the leakage amount does not exceed the standard, the risk of local seepage prevention cracking can be judged by combining the flow velocity change; when the leakage amount suddenly increases, displacement data can be used to verify whether it is accompanied by structural instability, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of leakage safety diagnosis.

[0044] This invention further proposes an online diagnostic algorithm for the leakage safety level of asphalt core wall dams, which is a piecewise function expression. The leakage safety level is dynamically determined based on the measured data of three parameters: the water flow velocity in front of the core wall, the horizontal displacement, and the leakage amount, and a preset critical value.

[0045] Leakage rate is the most critical indicator of leakage in asphalt-core dams, especially when it reaches a certain level, which can be a precursor to dam failure. However, engineering practice shows that asphalt-core dams often exhibit micro-leakage, which, although small in scale, can develop into large-scale leakage, threatening dam safety. Considering that leakage velocity and core wall horizontal displacement are direct indicators of leakage increasing from small to large, this paper proposes an online diagnostic algorithm for the leakage safety level of asphalt-core dams to achieve real-time diagnosis of the "safety" and "early warning" states, taking into account the real-time nature, availability, and quantifiability of parameters.

[0046] ;

[0047] Where f(x,y,z) represents the leakage safety level of the asphalt core dam; x, y, and z represent the water flow velocity in front of the core wall, the horizontal displacement of the core wall, and the leakage rate of the core wall, respectively; K1, K2, K3, and K4 represent the four leakage safety levels of the asphalt core dam, with K1 being high, K2 being relatively high, K3 being medium, and K4 being low; D x1 and D x2 These are the first and second critical values ​​of the water flow velocity in front of the core wall, respectively. Based on the relationship between flow velocity and leakage, this invention determines D. x1 Take 30mm / s, D x2 Take it as 100 mm / s; D y1 and D y2 These are the first and second critical values ​​for the horizontal displacement of the core wall, respectively. Considering the relatively thin core wall, typically 1-2m, and based on engineering practice, this invention determines D. y1 Taken as 1mm / d, D y2 Taken as 3mm / d; D zThe study found that when the seepage rate reaches 50 L / s, the safety of the dam body will decrease. Therefore, this invention D... z The value is taken as 50 L / s.

[0048] Among them, the water flow velocity in front of the core wall refers to the speed at which water flows through a unit area in front of the core wall per unit time. Specifically, this can be achieved by using flow velocity sensors to collect data in real time at preset monitoring points. This parameter reflects the scouring effect of seepage on the dam structure. The horizontal displacement of the core wall per day refers to the daily deformation of the core wall structure in the horizontal direction. This can be continuously observed using displacement gauges or GNSS monitoring systems. This parameter characterizes the cumulative deformation effect caused by changes in internal stress within the dam body. The core wall leakage rate refers to the amount of water lost per unit time through defects in the core wall's seepage barrier. This can be calculated using a flow meter or piezometer in the collection well. This parameter directly reflects the scale of the seepage channel.

[0049] Specifically, when the measured water velocity in front of the core wall is below the first critical value, it indicates that the seepage scouring effect is within a controllable range; when the velocity is between the first and second critical values, it indicates a risk of increased local seepage; when the velocity exceeds the second critical value, it indicates the formation of a significant seepage channel. Horizontal displacement, compared with the two critical values, can distinguish between normal deformation and abnormal displacement development stages. The leakage threshold is used to define the allowable leakage threshold. The combined determination of the three parameters is achieved through a piecewise function: when any parameter exceeds its highest critical value, the highest risk level is directly triggered; when multiple parameters are in the intermediate critical range, a risk superposition assessment is performed; when all parameters are below the lowest critical value, it is determined to be a low-risk level.

[0050] This invention establishes a multi-dimensional coupled assessment mechanism by integrating three types of dynamic parameters: flow velocity, displacement, and leakage rate. This mechanism can capture risk characteristics at different stages of development. For example, when the leakage rate has not reached a critical value but the horizontal displacement continues to increase, existing methods may misjudge it as a safe state, while this invention can trigger a medium-risk warning through displacement parameters.

[0051] Through the above technical solution, this invention solves the problems of missed and false judgments in single-indicator assessment, and realizes early identification and graded warning of leakage risks. By setting multi-parameter critical values ​​to construct a graded judgment logic, it can distinguish between normal operating conditions and abnormal states of different severity, providing engineers with differentiated decision-making basis. For example, when the flow velocity and displacement parameters simultaneously reach intermediate critical values, even if the leakage amount does not exceed the standard, it can be determined that there is a risk of structural damage, thereby avoiding the gradual destruction of the dam body caused by the long-term effect of small leakage amounts.

[0052] This invention further proposes determining the leakage safety status of an asphalt core wall dam based on its leakage safety level, including:

[0053] If the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is high or relatively high, then the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is determined to be safe.

[0054] If the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is medium, then the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is determined based on the actual slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam.

[0055] If the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is low, then the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is determined to be a warning level.

[0056] The leakage safety level refers to a risk classification index determined by comprehensively considering parameters such as the flow velocity in front of the core wall, horizontal displacement, and leakage volume. This can be achieved using the aforementioned multi-parameter fusion algorithm, reflecting the degree of impact of different seepage states on dam safety. The actual dam slope safety factor is a dynamic parameter reflecting the dam's anti-sliding stability, calculated as the ratio of anti-sliding force to sliding force, used to verify structural stability under moderate leakage risk. The standard dam slope safety factor is a safety threshold set according to the engineering grade of the asphalt core wall dam, determined by consulting a table showing the correspondence between engineering grade and safety factor, used to judge whether the actual dam slope condition meets design requirements.

[0057] Specifically, when the leakage safety level is determined to be high or relatively high, the dam body is directly considered to be in a safe state, indicating that the seepage parameters have not exceeded the critical threshold and the structural risk is controllable. When the leakage safety level is medium, it is necessary to further obtain the actual dam slope safety factor. By comparing the difference between this factor and the standard value, it is determined whether the leakage has affected the stability of the dam body. If the actual factor is lower than the standard value, an early warning state is triggered; otherwise, the safe state is maintained. When the leakage safety level is low, the early warning mechanism is directly activated to avoid structural damage due to delayed response.

[0058] This invention establishes dual criteria for leakage level and dam slope stability, introducing dynamic structural verification at medium-risk levels. This overcomes the limitations of single-index assessment and enables synergistic analysis of seepage parameters and structural parameters. Through this technical solution, the invention can accurately identify potential structural instability risks at medium-level leakage risk, avoiding the neglect of dam stability decline due to insufficient seepage. Furthermore, by optimizing early warning triggering conditions through a graded response mechanism, it significantly improves the reliability and timeliness of safety status assessment.

[0059] The present invention further proposes to determine the leakage safety status based on the actual slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam, including: if the actual slope safety factor is greater than or equal to the standard slope safety factor, it is determined to be safe; if the actual slope safety factor is less than the standard slope safety factor, it is determined to be a warning.

[0060] Specifically, when the leakage safety level is moderate, leakage parameters may not be sufficient to independently determine the overall safety of the dam. In this case, by calculating the actual dam slope safety factor and comparing it with the standard value, the impact of leakage on the dam's structural stability can be further assessed. For example, when the actual factor is greater than or equal to the standard value, it indicates that leakage has not significantly weakened the dam slope's anti-sliding capacity, and the dam remains in a safe state; when the actual factor is lower than the standard value, it indicates that leakage has led to a decrease in dam slope stability, requiring an early warning. This judgment process couples leakage parameters with structural stability parameters to form a multi-factor collaborative decision-making mechanism.

[0061] This invention introduces a dam slope safety factor as a supplementary criterion and correlates seepage field and stress field parameters through analysis, enabling a more comprehensive assessment of the overall safety status of the dam under moderate seepage conditions. Through this technical solution, the invention addresses the risk of misjudgment based on a single indicator under moderate seepage levels, achieving collaborative diagnosis of seepage parameters and structural stability parameters. When the seepage safety level is moderate, the dual-criteria mechanism accurately distinguishes whether seepage has led to a decrease in the dam's anti-sliding capacity, thus avoiding the problems of delayed early warning or over-treatment caused by relying solely on seepage volume indicators.

[0062] This invention further proposes to determine the actual slope safety factor of an asphalt core wall dam by using the ratio of anti-sliding force to sliding force.

[0063] Among them, the anti-sliding force refers to the dam body's ability to resist sliding failure. It can be calculated using soil shear strength parameters and the geometric characteristics of the sliding surface, such as using cohesion, internal friction angle, and sliding surface area for mechanical analysis. This parameter directly reflects the anti-sliding performance of the dam material under seepage conditions.

[0064] The sliding force refers to the sliding force generated along the potential sliding surface under external loads. It can be calculated by superimposing the components of the dam's self-weight, water pressure, and seepage pressure in the sliding direction. This parameter is used to quantify the impact of external loads on the stability of the dam.

[0065] Specifically, the ratio of anti-sliding force to sliding force is used to establish a dynamic stability assessment index based on the principle of mechanical equilibrium. Under seepage conditions, changes in seepage pressure lead to an increase in sliding force, while an increase in soil moisture content may cause a decrease in shear strength parameters, thus affecting anti-sliding force. By monitoring seepage-related parameters in real time and combining them with the geometric characteristics of the sliding surface, the ratio of anti-sliding force to sliding force can be dynamically calculated. When the ratio is greater than or equal to the standard safety factor, the dam is considered to be in a stable state; when the ratio continues to decrease and falls below the standard value, an early warning mechanism is triggered.

[0066] This invention achieves a precise quantitative assessment of dam slope stability under seepage conditions by directly linking the changes in anti-sliding force with seepage pressure and soil strength parameters. Through this technical solution, the invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional empirical formulas that cannot accurately reflect the impact of seepage on the mechanical properties of the dam, and establishes a stability assessment method based on physical and mechanical principles. By dynamically calculating anti-sliding force and sliding force, it can capture the soil strength degradation and load changes caused by seepage, providing an objective mechanical basis for safety level determination and avoiding the risk of misjudgment caused by single-parameter assessment.

[0067] This invention further proposes that the actual slope safety factor of an asphalt core wall dam can also be determined in the following way: the slope of the asphalt core wall dam is divided into several vertical blocks, the forces on each block are analyzed by modeling, the moment or force balance equation of the overall sliding body of the asphalt core wall dam slope is established, and the safety factor when the sliding body is in a state of limit equilibrium is solved by iterative solution, which is denoted as the actual slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam.

[0068] This invention further proposes that the standard slope safety factor of asphalt core wall dams be determined by referring to the table of standard slope safety factors for asphalt core wall dam engineering grades.

[0069] The Asphalt Core Dam Engineering Grade-Standard Slope Safety Factor Table refers to a pre-established correspondence table between engineering grade classifications and standard safety factor values. Specifically, it can use dam size and design parameters defined in industry specifications or engineering standards as the classification basis, such as dam height, reservoir capacity, and foundation conditions. Each grade corresponds to a preset standard safety factor value. The purpose of this table is to provide a unified safety factor benchmark for different engineering grades, eliminating the randomness of manual experience-based judgment.

[0070] The standard dam slope safety factor refers to the safety factor threshold used as a criterion in the calculation of dam body anti-sliding stability. It can be directly obtained from the corresponding value in the engineering grade classification matching table. The determination of this value depends on the engineering grade classification, ensuring that the safety factor threshold matches the actual scale and design requirements of the project, avoiding evaluation deviations caused by inconsistent benchmarks.

[0071] Specifically, when determining the leakage safety status of an asphalt core wall dam, the engineering category is first determined based on its characteristic parameters. For example, projects with a dam height exceeding 100 meters and a reservoir capacity greater than 500 million cubic meters are classified as Level 1, while those with a dam height between 50 and 100 meters and a reservoir capacity between 100 million and 500 million cubic meters are classified as Level 2. Subsequently, the standard safety factor value corresponding to the level is directly obtained by consulting a pre-compiled table of engineering level and standard dam slope safety factors. This process uses the engineering level as an objective classification basis, achieving rapid matching of standard values ​​through a table mapping relationship. This avoids subjective errors caused by relying on manual experience to set thresholds, ensuring that different projects use a unified and traceable judgment standard.

[0072] The safety factor table for standard dam slopes in asphalt core wall dam engineering is established using the following formula:

[0073] ;

[0074] Wherein, F(l) is the standard dam slope safety factor; l is the engineering grade of the asphalt core dam; when the engineering grade of the asphalt core dam is 1, F(l) is 1.50; when the engineering grade of the asphalt core dam is 2, F(l) is 1.35; when the engineering grade of the asphalt core dam is 3, F(l) is 1.30; when the engineering grade of the asphalt core dam is 4 or 5, F(l) is 1.25~1.10.

[0075] This invention establishes a mapping table between engineering levels and standard safety factors, transforming the determination process of standard values ​​into a classification query based on objective engineering parameters, thus making the judgment criteria standardized and repeatable. By associating engineering level classifications with a pre-set table, this invention achieves the objectification and standardization of standard values, providing a unified and verifiable basis for assessing leakage safety status, and significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of leakage safety diagnosis results.

[0076] The present invention further proposes a technical solution for triggering an active alarm mechanism when the leakage safety status of the asphalt core wall dam is determined to be an early warning condition.

[0077] The "leakage safety status early warning" refers to a potential risk state determined when the combined leakage safety level assessment results, based on the fusion of multiple factors, show that the combined flow velocity, horizontal displacement, and leakage volume in front of the core wall exceed a preset critical value. This determination is achieved through dynamic comparison of real-time monitoring data with the graded thresholds. Issuing an early warning means transmitting risk signals through at least one of the following methods: audible and visual alarm devices, mobile terminal information push notifications, or pop-up prompts in the monitoring system. Specifically, this can be achieved by linking an IoT communication module with a preset alarm protocol, ensuring that management personnel receive leakage risk information immediately.

[0078] Specifically, when the flow velocity in front of the core wall exceeds the second critical value, the horizontal displacement exceeds the first critical value, or the leakage reaches the critical value, the system automatically classifies the leakage safety level as low and triggers an early warning state. At this time, the buzzer and warning light installed in the dam control center are activated simultaneously, and an early warning SMS containing leakage parameters and location information is sent to a preset mobile phone number via a wireless communication module. After receiving the early warning, management personnel can immediately retrieve real-time monitoring data and activate emergency plans, such as carrying out grouting and plugging operations at abnormal leakage points.

[0079] This invention establishes a graded early warning model by integrating three parameters: flow velocity, displacement, and leakage rate. Combined with an automated alarm device, it realizes a closed-loop response process from data acquisition and status determination to risk warning.

[0080] Through the above technical solution, the present invention solves the problem of seepage disease deterioration caused by the lag in manual monitoring, shortens the risk response time by triggering early warning signals in real time, effectively prevents minor seepage from developing into structural damage, and ensures the operational safety of asphalt core wall dams.

[0081] The present invention further proposes to reinforce the asphalt core dam with repair and reinforcement measures after the early warning is issued, and to redetermine the leakage safety level of the asphalt core dam after reinforcement.

[0082] Among them, repair and reinforcement measures refer to engineering treatment methods taken to address potential leakage risks. Specifically, this can be achieved by grouting in front of the wall to seal the leak or reconstructing the seepage barrier. The former involves injecting grout to seal the seepage channels, while the latter involves rebuilding the seepage barrier structure to restore its integrity. Re-determining the leakage safety level refers to re-executing the online leakage safety level diagnostic algorithm on the reinforced asphalt core wall dam. This involves collecting parameters of the reinforced core wall and calculating the safety level to verify the repair effect.

[0083] Specifically, when the leakage safety status is determined to be at an early warning level, the repair and reinforcement process is triggered. Depending on the location and extent of the leakage, targeted treatment is chosen, such as grouting to seal the leak in front of the wall or reconstructing the impermeable structure. For example, grouting is used to seal localized leakage channels, while impermeable structure reconstruction is used for structurally damaged areas. After reinforcement is completed, parameters such as the flow velocity, horizontal displacement, and leakage volume in front of the core wall are re-collected and input into the online leakage safety level diagnostic algorithm to generate an updated safety level, forming a closed-loop control chain of monitoring-early warning-treatment-reassessment.

[0084] This invention transforms leakage management from a passive response to an active closed-loop control by forcibly triggering repair measures and quantifying the repair effect, thereby avoiding the risk of leakage worsening due to delayed or unclear treatment.

[0085] Through the above technical solution, the present invention solves the problem of difficult treatment of leakage in the prior art. By combining repair and reinforcement with dynamic reassessment of safety level, it ensures that leakage hazards are eliminated in time, prevents small leakage from developing into structural damage, and improves the safety of long-term operation of asphalt core wall dams.

[0086] This invention further proposes repair and reinforcement measures such as grouting in front of the wall to plug leaks or reconstructing the seepage barrier.

[0087] Grouting in front of the wall refers to sealing the seepage channel by injecting grout into the seepage area. Specifically, a high-pressure grouting machine can be used to inject cement-based or chemical grout into the contact surface between the core wall and the dam body. After the grout solidifies, it forms a water-blocking barrier. This method is suitable for situations where the seepage path is clear and the seepage volume is small. Reconstructing the seepage barrier involves partially or completely removing the damaged asphalt concrete core wall and then repaving the seepage barrier structure layer. Specifically, this can be done by excavating in layers, cleaning the damaged area, and then pouring new asphalt concrete. This method is suitable for situations where the seepage barrier system fails over a large area or the seepage volume continues to increase.

[0088] Specifically, when the leakage diagnosis results indicate that the leakage location is clear and the leakage volume is within a controllable range, grouting in front of the wall is the preferred method for sealing the leak. The grout diffuses and fills the pores, forming a physical barrier to quickly suppress seepage. When the leakage area is widespread or the waterproofing structure suffers overall damage, reconstruction of the waterproofing body is adopted. This involves rebuilding the waterproofing layer to restore the structural continuity and integrity. The choice between these two methods depends on the leakage location, leakage volume, and degree of structural damage, avoiding the inadequacy of a single method in complex working conditions.

[0089] This invention, through the combined application of two measures, can both quickly seal localized leaks and thoroughly repair the overall seepage prevention system, overcoming the technical shortcomings of traditional methods that cannot simultaneously achieve rapid localized repair and overall structural restoration. Through the above technical solution, this invention can select targeted repair measures based on the specific causes and severity of the leakage, reducing construction costs while improving repair reliability and avoiding leakage recurrence or structural safety hazards caused by inappropriate measures.

[0090] The following further describes specific embodiments of the present invention:

[0091] 1. Three independent variables of the core wall are collected in real time using monitoring instruments such as flow velocity, displacement and flow rate: the flow velocity x in front of the core wall, the horizontal displacement of the core wall per day y, and the leakage of the core wall z.

[0092] 2. The online diagnostic algorithm f for the leakage safety level of asphalt core wall dam is triggered by the independent variable.

[0093] 3. The leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is automatically calculated based on algorithm f.

[0094] 4. If the return value of algorithm f is K1 or K2, it indicates that the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is safe.

[0095] 5. If the return value of algorithm f is K3, it is necessary to further calculate the actual dam slope safety factor M of the asphalt core wall dam.

[0096] 6. If the return value of algorithm f is K4, it indicates that the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is in early warning and an early warning is issued.

[0097] 7. If M≥F(l), the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is determined to be safe.

[0098] 8. If M<F(l), the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is determined to be in early warning and an early warning is issued.

[0099] 9. For the situation of issuing an early warning, repair and reinforcement measures such as grouting to stop leaks in front of the wall or reconstructing the anti-seepage body should be adopted. After the reinforcement is completed, its safety level is judged until its leakage safety state turns to safe.

[0100] Through the above steps, the implementation of an online leakage safety diagnosis method for asphalt core wall dams integrating multiple factors of the present invention can be completed.

[0101] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fusion multi-factor asphalt core wall dam leakage safety online diagnosis method, characterized in that: a plurality of core wall parameters of the asphalt core wall dam are collected; a leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is determined based on the plurality of core wall parameters using an asphalt core wall dam leakage safety level online diagnosis algorithm; a leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is determined according to the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam; the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is determined according to the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam, comprising: if the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is high or higher, it is determined that the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is safe; if the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is medium, the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is determined based on the actual dam slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam; if the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is low, it is determined that the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is early warning; the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is determined based on the actual dam slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam, comprising: if the actual dam slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam is greater than or equal to the standard dam slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam, it is determined that the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is safe; if the actual dam slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam is less than the standard dam slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam, it is determined that the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is early warning.

2. The fusion multi-factor asphalt core wall dam leakage safety online diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plurality of core wall parameters include core wall front flow rate, core wall horizontal displacement and core wall wall leakage.

3. The fusion multi-factor asphalt core wall dam leakage safety online diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the asphalt core wall dam leakage safety level online diagnosis algorithm is: ； Wherein, f(x, y, z) is the seepage safety level of asphalt core wall dam; x, y, z are respectively the water flow velocity in front of the core wall, the horizontal displacement of the core wall and the seepage quantity of the core wall; K1, K2, K3, K4 are respectively four seepage safety levels of asphalt core wall dam, K1 is high, K2 is higher, K3 is medium, and K4 is low; D x1 and D x2 are respectively the first critical value and the second critical value of the water flow velocity in front of the core wall; D y1 and D y2 are respectively the first critical value and the second critical value of the horizontal displacement of the core wall; D z is the critical value of the seepage quantity.

4. The fusion multi-factor asphalt core wall dam leakage safety online diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the actual dam slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam is determined by the ratio of the anti-sliding force to the sliding force.

5. The fusion multi-factor asphalt core wall dam leakage safety online diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the standard dam slope safety factor of the asphalt core wall dam is determined by looking up the asphalt core wall dam engineering grade-standard dam slope safety factor table.

6. The fusion multi-factor asphalt core wall dam leakage safety online diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: if it is determined that the leakage safety state of the asphalt core wall dam is early warning, early warning is issued.

7. The fusion multi-factor asphalt core wall dam leakage safety online diagnosis method according to claim 6, characterized in that: after early warning is issued, repair and reinforcement measures are used to reinforce the asphalt core wall dam, and the leakage safety level of the asphalt core wall dam is re-determined after reinforcement.

8. The fusion multi-factor asphalt core wall dam leakage safety online diagnosis method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the repair and reinforcement measures are front wall grouting and reconstruction of the impervious body.

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