Signal conditioning unit and card reader equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a signal conditioning unit and card reader equipment. The scheme comprises a coil antenna and a load circuit comprising a capacitor element; one end of the coil antenna is connected with one end of the load circuit, and the other end of the coil antenna is connected with the other end of the load circuit; the coil antenna and the load circuit are used for forming a resonance circuit; the resonance circuit is used for influencing the quality factor of the card reader equipment, so that the quality factor of the card reader equipment accords with or deviates from a preset quality factor; the preset quality factor is a preset working quality factor of the card reader equipment.

Description

[0001] The present application is a divisional application of "A signal conditioning unit and a card reader device (Filing date: March 28, 2025, Application number: 202510376776.1)". TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of non-contact communication, in particular to a signal conditioning unit and a card reader device. BACKGROUND

[0003] With the increasingly wide application of non-contact communication technology, various devices for non-contact communication have also emerged. Since the communication principles of devices for non-contact communication are the same or similar, interference may occur in a scenario where multiple devices exist. For example, near field communication (NFC) is a popular near field communication technology. Currently, for the payment market, there are NFC near field communication payment devices of UnionPay, such as POS machines, and there are also bus card reader devices as NFC card reader devices. At the same time, user terminals such as mobile phones also serve as carriers of NFC technology and can work in an active mode or a passive mode. NFC devices are diverse. For example, multiple devices with NFC functions may be placed on a checkout counter at the same time, but different devices have different designs and standards to meet. Some devices emit strong signals, some devices emit weak signals, and some devices work in a passive mode. When these devices are placed together, they will affect each other, making non-contact communication such as NFC unable to be completed.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a scheme capable of adjusting a card reader device. SUMMARY

[0005] The embodiments of the present specification provide a signal conditioning unit and a card reader device to solve the problems of signal interference or low recognition rate in existing non-contact communication.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present specification are implemented as follows.

[0007] The signal conditioning unit provided by the embodiments of the present specification is applied to a card reader device and includes: a coil antenna and a load circuit including a capacitive element; One end of the coil antenna is connected to one end of the load circuit, and the other end of the coil antenna is connected to the other end of the load circuit. The coil antenna and the load circuit are used to form a resonant circuit. The resonant circuit is used for affecting the quality factor of the card reader device, so that the quality factor of the card reader device meets or deviates from a preset quality factor; the preset quality factor is a preset working quality factor of the card reader device.

[0008] The card reader device provided by the embodiment of the present specification comprises the signal adjusting unit.

[0009] The embodiment of the present specification can achieve the following beneficial effects: The signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification can affect the radiation signal of the card reader device. The signal adjusting unit can comprise a coil antenna and a load circuit comprising a capacitive element. A resonant circuit comprising the coil antenna and the load circuit can be used for affecting the quality factor of the card reader device, so that the quality factor of the card reader device meets a preset quality factor or the quality factor of the card reader device deviates from the preset quality factor, thereby enhancing or weakening the radiation signal of the card reader device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present specification or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present specification, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0011] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification; Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of the signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification; Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of the signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification; Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of the signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification; Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of the signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification; Figure 6 A structural schematic diagram of the signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification; Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of the signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification; Figure 8 A structural schematic diagram of the signal adjusting unit provided in the embodiment of the present specification; Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in the embodiments of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of one or more embodiments of this specification clearer, the technical solutions of one or more embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this specification, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of one or more embodiments of this specification.

[0013] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of this application; therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0014] The terminology used in one or more embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of one or more embodiments of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in one or more embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” used in one or more embodiments of this application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of this application, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first may also be referred to as second without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this application, and similarly, second may also be referred to as first. Depending on the context, the word “if” as used herein can be interpreted as “when,” “in response to a determination,” or “when…”.

[0015] First, the terms and concepts involved in one or more embodiments of this application will be explained.

[0016] Contactless communication refers to technologies that transmit information without direct physical contact. It uses electromagnetic waves or other wireless signals to transmit and communicate data, avoiding the safety hazards associated with physical contact. The core principle of contactless communication is to use radio waves or other electromagnetic waves to transmit information. The electromagnetic signal generated by the sender is received and decoded by the receiver, thus completing the data transmission. Common contactless communication technologies include Near Field Communication (NFC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and wireless charging.

[0017] RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): Its principle is to achieve target identification through non-contact data communication between the reader and the tag. There are different frequency types, such as low frequency, high frequency, and ultra-high frequency.

[0018] NFC (Near Field Communication) is a short-range wireless communication technology that enables near-field communication between two devices, allowing for data transmission, writing, and reading. It typically operates at a high frequency of 13.56MHz. NFC is based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology and can be considered a subset of RFID, or a special form of RFID.

[0019] NFC technology mainly includes three communication modes: Reader / Writer Mode, Card Emulation Mode, and Peer-to-Peer Mode.

[0020] Reader / Writer Mode is a common operating mode, similar to barcode or QR code scanning. In this mode, NFC devices can read or write information to NFC tags or devices containing NFC tags. For example, in payment scenarios, a mobile phone can be in Reader / Writer Mode to obtain payment information from the payment device for payment. A device in this mode can be called a card reader device.

[0021] In Card Emulation Mode, an NFC device can emulate a smart card, allowing it to be used as a payment card, access card, or other type of card. The device can interact with existing contactless infrastructure, such as POS machines or access control systems. For example, a mobile phone can be used as a bank card for payments in stores; as an access card in offices or residences; or as a transit card for public transportation. Devices in this mode can be referred to as slave devices.

[0022] In Peer-to-Peer Mode, two NFC-enabled devices can exchange data. Both devices must be active and capable of sending and receiving data. This mode is primarily used for file transfer, social networking, and interactive games. Examples include quickly pairing Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connections via NFC to transfer files or photos; exchanging business cards, contact information, or social media links by tapping two phones together; and swapping characters or sharing items in multiplayer games.

[0023] An NFC tag is a small electronic chip with a built-in antenna that enables short-range communication with NFC-enabled devices, such as smartphones, via radio waves. These tags are typically very thin and can be embedded in various items, such as posters, business cards, product packaging, and devices.

[0024] The technical solutions provided in the various embodiments of this specification are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 1 As shown, the signal conditioning unit may include a coil antenna 102 and a load circuit 104. The coil antenna 102 may be an antenna containing a metal coil, and the load circuit 104 may be a circuit containing a capacitor. One end of the coil antenna 102 is connected to one end of the load circuit 104, and the other end of the coil antenna 102 is connected to the other end of the load circuit 104, thus forming a resonant circuit including the coil antenna 102 and the load circuit 104.

[0026] Card reader devices used for contactless communication, such as access control devices, turnstiles, POS machines, mobile phones, and smartwatches, can function as card readers to communicate with corresponding tag devices in a contactless manner. The resonant circuit in this embodiment, including the coil antenna 102 and the load circuit 104, can be used to adjust the radiation power of the card reader device. This can be achieved by increasing the card reader device's power to improve communication functionality, or by decreasing the card reader's power to reduce signal interference to other contactless communication devices. The resonant circuit can influence the quality factor of the card reader device, causing it to conform to or deviate from a preset quality factor. This preset quality factor can be either a preset operating quality factor or a standard quality factor. The specific value of the preset quality factor can vary depending on the model or function of the card reader device and can be set according to actual needs.

[0027] The quality factor, also known as the Q value, describes the quality or resonant capability of a resonant circuit, revealing the contradictory relationship between the circuit's bandwidth and selectivity. A larger Q value results in a narrower bandwidth, better selectivity, and stronger rejection capability; conversely, a smaller Q value results in a wider bandwidth, weaker rejection capability, and poorer selectivity, but a wider signal capacity with less signal loss, which helps reduce signal distortion.

[0028] In practical applications, appropriate quality factors can be selected to meet the needs of different communication scenarios. For example, in NFC near-field communication, the Q value can be set to around 30, allowing the reader device to communicate using a 13.56MHz radio frequency signal while maintaining a certain level of communication efficiency. Quality factors can be explained or calculated from dimensions such as energy, power, voltage, circuit parameters, and bandwidth; for details, please refer to relevant technical introductions, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0029] As one implementation method, the aforementioned preset working quality factor can be 30, or it can be a value or range of values ​​around 30, such as 30±2%.

[0030] In practical applications, if multiple contactless communication devices are placed at locations such as cash registers, such as UnionPay POS machines, membership card readers, and e-wallet readers operating in active mode, or payment devices acting as NFC tags, the continuous card-finding signals sent by the card readers at the cash register may cause tag devices operating on the same frequency band to respond to these signals and provide feedback. This can lead to erroneous responses from the tag devices, causing interference, or prevent the tag devices from sending low-power card detection (LPCD) wake-up information, affecting the wake-up effect of terminals such as mobile phones acting as card readers and impacting communication efficiency. Furthermore, when a user brings their mobile phone or other terminal close to the cash register or card reader, the mobile phone or other terminal may switch to card emulation mode, preventing the mobile phone or other device from activating card reader mode to communicate with the tag device. Additionally, some card reader devices may use metal shields to block signals, which can affect the transmission of radio frequency signals or impact communication efficiency.

[0031] Figure 1The signal conditioning unit in the reader can influence the strength of the radiated signal. The resonant circuit, including the coil antenna and load circuit, can affect the reader's quality factor, ensuring it matches a preset quality factor. This enhances the radiated signal, increases transmission power, and saves energy. Alternatively, the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit can cause the reader's quality factor to deviate from the preset quality factor, reducing the radiated signal and decreasing crosstalk between different devices.

[0032] On the other hand, the signal conditioning unit provided in the embodiments of this specification does not require additional power supply or other related circuits. It uses simple circuits and coils, has low cost, and does not affect other performance of the device, making it highly practical.

[0033] It should be understood that the connection order of at least some components in the signal conditioning unit described in one or more embodiments of this specification may be interchanged or adjusted according to actual needs, or some components may be omitted or deleted.

[0034] based on Figure 1 The signal conditioning unit in this specification also provides some specific implementation schemes, which are described below.

[0035] The quality factor is a dimensionless physical value used to measure the performance of electronic devices or resonant circuits. It is a measure of the losses in electronic devices or resonant circuits and can be expressed as the ratio of stored energy to energy loss within a cycle. Factors affecting the quality factor include resonant frequency, equivalent resistance, equivalent capacitance, and equivalent inductance.

[0036] In the embodiments described in this specification, the quality factor of the card reader device can be affected by setting or adjusting the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit. As one implementation, if the resonant circuit is used to ensure that the quality factor of the card reader device meets a preset quality factor, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is equal to the operating resonant frequency of the card reader device.

[0037] The operating resonant frequency of a card reader device can represent the frequency band in which the card reader device operates, such as the 13.56MHz band. In the embodiments of this specification, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit can also represent the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit. This resonant frequency, equal to the operating resonant frequency of the card reader device, can improve the transmission power of the card reader device and save power consumption.

[0038] In this specification, the signal conditioning unit can be applied to a card reader device. Under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, the quality factor of the card reader device can be the quality factor under the combined action of the signal conditioning unit and the card reader device. The specific value can be determined by performing circuit equivalent calculations on the card reader device and the signal conditioning unit.

[0039] As a calculation method, the quality factor Where R can represent the equivalent resistance value of the signal conditioning unit and the card reader device under the action of the signal conditioning unit, L can represent the equivalent inductance value of the signal conditioning unit and the card reader device under the action of the signal conditioning unit, and C can represent the equivalent capacitance value of the signal conditioning unit and the card reader device under the action of the signal conditioning unit.

[0040] In practical applications, the inductance, capacitance, and resistance values ​​of the card reader itself can be determined based on the product specifications or through testing methods. Furthermore, by analyzing the equivalent circuit of the signal conditioning unit and the card reader, the inductance, capacitance, and resistance values ​​of the signal conditioning unit under a preset quality factor can be determined, thus establishing the parameters or connection relationships of each component within the signal conditioning unit. The specific parameters of the signal conditioning unit can be set according to actual needs and are not specifically limited here.

[0041] Similarly, the parameters or connection relationships of each component in the signal conditioning unit used to deviate from the preset quality factor can be determined based on the relationships in the above formulas. This signal conditioning unit can be used to reduce the power of the card reader device. The specific values ​​of the equivalent resistance, equivalent inductance, and equivalent capacitance can be calculated based on the signal conditioning unit and the various components and connection relationships contained in the card reader device. Please refer to the relevant technical introductions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0042] As a calculation method, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit ;in, The inductance value of a resonant circuit can also be expressed using the equivalent inductance value; The capacitance value of the resonant circuit can be represented by the equivalent capacitance value.

[0043] In one implementation, the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning circuit can be equal to the operating resonant frequency of the card reader device, and the quality factor of the card reader device conforms to a preset quality factor under the influence of the signal circuit. This signal conditioning circuit can be used to improve the radiation power of the card reader device.

[0044] As another implementation, the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning circuit can be greater than or less than the operating resonant frequency of the card reader device, or the quality factor of the card reader device does not meet the preset quality factor under the influence of the signal circuit. The signal conditioning circuit can be used to reduce the radiation power of the card reader device.

[0045] Taking NFC radio frequency operating at 13.56MHz as an example, if the signal conditioning unit is used to increase the power of the card reader, the relationship between the capacitance and inductance of the signal conditioning unit can be determined by using the formula for calculating the resonant frequency and setting the resonant frequency to 13.56MHz. Furthermore, by combining the formula for calculating the quality factor with the parameter values ​​of the card reader itself (capacitance, inductance, and resistance), the parameter values ​​of the capacitance, inductance, and resistance of the signal conditioning unit can be determined.

[0046] In practical applications, if the quality factor of the card reader is less than or greater than a preset quality factor due to the influence of the signal conditioning unit, the radiated or transmitted power of the card reader can be reduced, thus minimizing interference with other devices. The specific parameters of the signal conditioning unit can be determined based on the formula for calculating the quality factor and the parameter information of the card reader itself.

[0047] If the signal conditioning unit is used to reduce the power of the card reader, its resonant frequency can be disregarded, and its parameter values ​​can be determined based on the quality factor. Alternatively, the resonant frequency can be considered. For example, if the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit equals the operating resonant frequency of the card reader, and the quality factor of the card reader is less than or greater than a preset quality factor under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, then the signal conditioning unit can also be used to reduce the power of the card reader. Conversely, if the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit is greater than or less than the operating resonant frequency of the card reader, and the quality factor of the card reader is less than or greater than a preset quality factor under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, then the signal conditioning unit can also be used to reduce the power of the card reader.

[0048] To more effectively adjust the radiated signal of the card reader, the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit can be matched with the antenna of the card reader. For example, the shape and size of the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit can be the same as or similar to the antenna of the card reader, resulting in strong coupling between the signal conditioning unit and the card reader. For instance, if the antenna of the card reader is a rectangular coil, the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit can also be a rectangular coil, and their lengths and widths can be the same or similar. The material of the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit can also be the same as that of the antenna in a conventional NFC card or card reader, or it can be other materials that can form a resonant circuit; no specific limitations are made here.

[0049] In practical applications, the signal conditioning unit can be fixed to the surface of the card reader device. For example, the signal conditioning unit can be located in the contactless communication area of ​​the card reader device, such as the card-attaching area. The signal conditioning unit can be fixed to the surface of the card reader device without drilling, such as by pasting, card slot fixing, or adsorption, without modifying the card reader device. Alternatively, it can be fixed to the surface of the card reader device by drilling, such as by screws or rivets. Alternatively, the signal conditioning unit can also be fixed inside the card reader device, for example, it can be located near the contactless communication circuit section of the card reader device. Or, the signal conditioning unit can also be integrated into the card reader device.

[0050] In practical applications, the signal conditioning unit can also be installed separately from the card reader device. For example, the signal conditioning unit can be located on the desktop of the card reader device, such as at a cash register, where the card reader device can be placed. For handheld card readers such as POS machines, when not in use, the cashier or operator can place the POS machine on the desktop containing the signal conditioning unit. If the signal conditioning unit is a circuit unit used to reduce radiation power, when the card reader device is placed on the desktop, the signal conditioning unit can reduce the radiation power of the card reader device, thereby reducing signal interference to other devices. When the cashier or operator uses the card reader device for transactions such as payment collection, picking up the card reader device from the desktop allows it to return to its original power, enabling normal communication and transaction processing.

[0051] When applying a signal conditioning unit to a card reader device, the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit can be placed correspondingly to the antenna coil of the card reader device, such as aligning or being close to the center lines of the two coils, or placing the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit and the antenna coil of the card reader device in a coinciding manner. This allows the signal conditioning unit to adjust the card reader device more effectively.

[0052] To facilitate the use of the signal conditioning unit, a control component can be provided to control whether the signal conditioning unit is working, allowing the signal conditioning unit to be in an operational or inoperable state, thereby more accurately influencing the card reader device. In one embodiment, the signal conditioning unit further includes a first switching element; the first switching element is located between the coil antenna and the load circuit, and is used to control whether the signal conditioning unit is in an operational state.

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 2As shown, the signal conditioning circuit may include a first switching element K1. One end s1 of the first switching element K1 is connected to one end of the coil antenna 102, and the other end is connected to one end of the load circuit 104, connected in series between the coil antenna 102 and the load circuit 104. If the first switching element K1 is in the on state, the circuit of the signal conditioning unit can be in a closed state, indicating that the signal conditioning unit is in a working state and can affect the card reader device. If the first switching element K1 is in the off state, the circuit of the signal conditioning unit can be in an open circuit state, indicating that the signal conditioning unit is in a non-working state and cannot affect the card reader device.

[0054] In practical applications, the first switching element can be a mechanical switching element, which can be used for manual operation. For example, a manual switch can be included outside the signal conditioning unit or in the card reader device to control whether the signal conditioning unit affects the card reader device. Alternatively, the first switching element can be a switching element that is automatically triggered based on factors such as light source or pressure.

[0055] In one implementation, the first switching element includes a photosensitive switching element.

[0056] Photosensitive switching elements may include at least one of the following: photoresistor, photodiode, phototransistor, photothyristor, integrated digital optical sensor, etc.

[0057] In practical applications, the signal conditioning unit can be placed in the contactless communication area of ​​the card reader device, such as the area used for identification with corresponding tags or tag devices. As one implementation, if the signal conditioning unit can reduce the power of the card reader device, when no tag or tag device is near or attached to the reader device's identification area, the light intensity is strong, and the photosensitive switch element can be in a conductive state, allowing the signal conditioning unit to reduce the reader device's power. When a tag or tag device is near or attached to the reader device's identification area, the light near the photosensitive switch is blocked by the tag or tag device, and the photosensitive switch element can switch to an off state. In this case, the signal conditioning unit will not affect the card reader device, ensuring its normal operation and reducing interference from other devices.

[0058] In another implementation, if the signal conditioning unit can increase the power of the card reader, the photosensitive switch element can be in an off state when there is no tag or the tag device is near or attached to the recognition area of ​​the card reader, and the signal conditioning unit does not increase the power of the card reader. When the tag or tag device is near or attached to the recognition area of ​​the card reader, the photosensitive switch element can be in a conducting state, and the signal conditioning unit can influence the card reader, increasing its power. This is beneficial for improving the working efficiency of the card reader and can also prevent the card reader from continuously emitting a strong signal that could interfere with other devices.

[0059] In practical applications, the state of a photosensitive switch element can be set according to actual needs. For example, a normally open photosensitive switch element can conduct when the light is strong and disconnect when the light is weak. A normally closed photosensitive switch element can conduct when the light is weak and disconnect when the light is strong.

[0060] The signal conditioning unit may also include an MCU (Microcontroller Unit) for controlling the on / off state of the first switching element. This MCU can communicate with a tag device near the card reader. If the card reader and tag device are close together, the tag device can determine that the card reader signal is interference because it continuously sends a card detection signal. Upon confirming the presence of interference, the tag device can send a command to the MCU, causing the MCU to control the signal conditioning unit to reduce the power consumption of the card reader and decrease interference to the tag device.

[0061] The tag device can display or emit warning messages indicating the presence of interference, such as voice, alert sounds, or text prompts. If the card reader device or the external signal conditioning unit has a manual switch to activate the signal conditioning unit, operators can also manually activate the signal conditioning unit.

[0062] A tag device can refer to a communication counterpart of a card reader, and can contain tag information. For example, in a payment scenario based on NFC near-field communication, a payment device provides payment information, and the mobile phone, acting as a card reader, interacts with this payment device (acting as a tag device) to complete the payment.

[0063] This specification also provides various circuit structures for signal conditioning circuits in the embodiments. In practical applications, a suitable circuit structure can be selected according to actual needs. The following describes various circuit structures.

[0064] Optionally, in the embodiments of this specification, the capacitor element described above may include a first capacitor element, and the load circuit described above may further include a first inductor element. The first inductor element may be connected in series with the coil antenna; the first capacitor element may be connected in parallel with the coil antenna.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 3 As shown, the load circuit 104 may include a first inductor L1 and a first capacitor C1. One end a1 of the first inductor L1 can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, one end a2 of the first inductor L1 can be connected to one end b1 of the first capacitor C1, and the other end b2 of the first capacitor C1 can be connected to one end B of the coil antenna 102.

[0066] In practical applications, the first inductor L1 and the first capacitor C1 can also be connected in parallel with the coil antenna 102.

[0067] The signal conditioning circuit can have one state or multiple states. In one implementation, the first inductor L1 can be a component with a fixed inductance value. The signal conditioning circuit has one operating state, and can be used to increase or decrease the power of the card reader device.

[0068] If the signal conditioning unit also includes the aforementioned first switching element, the first switching element can be connected in series between the first inductor and the coil antenna, or between the first inductor and the first capacitor, or between the first capacitor and the coil antenna. The specific position can be set according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0069] Optionally, in the embodiments of this specification, the capacitor element described above may include a second capacitor element; the second capacitor element may be connected in parallel with the coil antenna.

[0070] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 4 As shown, the load circuit 104 may include a second capacitor element C2. One end c1 of the second capacitor element C2 may be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end c2 of the second capacitor element C2 may be connected to the other end B of the coil antenna 102. The coil antenna 102 may represent an inductor, and the second capacitor element C2 and the coil antenna 102 can be used to form a resonant circuit.

[0071] The second capacitor element can be an element with a fixed capacitance value, the signal conditioning circuit can have a working state, and the signal conditioning circuit can be used to increase the power of the card reader device or decrease the power of the card reader device.

[0072] If the signal conditioning unit also includes the first switching element mentioned above, the first switching element can be connected in series between the second capacitor element and the coil antenna.

[0073] Optionally, the load circuit described in the embodiments of this specification may include a third capacitor element and a first resistive element. The third capacitor element may be connected in parallel with the coil antenna; the first resistive element may be connected in parallel with the third capacitor element.

[0074] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 5 As shown, the load circuit 104 may include a third capacitor element C3 and a first resistive element R1. One end d1 of the third capacitor element C3 can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end d2 can be connected to the other end B of the coil antenna 102. One end e1 of the first resistive element R1 is connected to one end d1 of the third capacitor element C3, and the other end e2 is connected to the other end d2 of the third capacitor element R1.

[0075] The first resistive element R1 can be a component with resistive properties, such as a resistor, light bulb, electric heater, or electric motor.

[0076] In one implementation, the first resistive element R1 can also be connected in series with the coil antenna. For example, one end e1 of the first resistive element R1 is connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end e2 is connected to one end d1 of the third capacitor element C3, and the other end d2 of the third capacitor element C3 is connected to the other end B of the coil antenna 102.

[0077] The first resistive element or the third capacitive element can be an element with a fixed resistance value or a fixed capacitance value. The signal conditioning circuit can have a working state. The signal conditioning circuit can be used to increase the power of the card reader device or decrease the power of the card reader device.

[0078] If the signal conditioning unit further includes the aforementioned first switching element, the first switching element can be connected in series between the third capacitor element and the coil antenna. For example, one end of the first switching element can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end can be connected to one end d1 of the third capacitor element C3.

[0079] In practical applications, the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit can also have an adjustable inductor or capacitor, so that the signal conditioning unit can have at least two states.

[0080] Optionally, the signal conditioning unit may further include a state control component. The first inductor may include an adjustable inductor. The state control component may be connected to a first control terminal of the adjustable inductor to control the inductance value of the adjustable inductor, so that the adjustable inductor can be in a first state with a first inductance value or in a second state with a second inductance value.

[0081] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 6 As shown, the first inductor L1 may include an adjustable inductor, in addition to the above. Figure 3 As shown in the diagram, the first control terminal a3 of the adjustable inductor can be connected to the state control component 106, so that the state control component 106 can be used to adjust the inductance value of the adjustable inductor in the circuit.

[0082] By adjusting the inductance value of the adjustable inductor in the circuit, the resonant circuit in the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to or deviate from a preset quality factor. As one implementation, in the first state described above, the resonant circuit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to the preset quality factor; or, in the second state described above, the resonant circuit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device deviate from the preset quality factor.

[0083] In the first state, assuming the adjustable inductor has a first inductance value, the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit equals the operating frequency of the card reader, such as 13.56MHz. Furthermore, the quality factor of the card reader is equal to a preset quality factor, such as a Q value of 30. The high coupling between the signal conditioning unit and the card reader improves transmission efficiency, thereby increasing transmission power and saving energy. In the second state, assuming the adjustable inductor has a second inductance value greater than the first, with other component parameters remaining unchanged, the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit becomes lower than the operating frequency of the card reader, such as changing it to 11.12MHz. The coupling between the signal conditioning unit and the card reader decreases, and the radiated power of the card reader decreases under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, reducing interference from the card reader to other devices. Furthermore, from the perspective of quality factor, increasing the inductance value of the signal conditioning unit is equivalent to decreasing the equivalent inductance value of the signal conditioning unit and the card reader device. This reduces the quality factor of the card reader device under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, and also reduces the radiation power of the card reader device, thus reducing the interference of the card reader device to other devices.

[0084] Of course, the first inductance value can also be greater than the second inductance value. The specific inductance value can be chosen according to actual needs, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0085] In practical applications, if the signal conditioning unit is used to increase the power of the card reader, the resonant circuits in both the first and second states can be used to increase the power of the card reader, but to varying degrees, similar to multi-level adjustment. For example, when the adjustable inductor is at its first inductance value, the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit matches the operating frequency range of the card reader, such as 13.56±0.7MHz for the card reader and 14MHz for the signal conditioning unit. Furthermore, when the adjustable inductor is at its first inductance value, the quality factor of the card reader, based on the signal conditioning unit, matches a preset quality factor range, such as a preset quality factor Q value range of 30±1. When the adjustable inductor is at its first inductance value, the quality factor of the card reader, based on the signal conditioning unit, is 30.5. Assuming the second inductance value can also be greater than the first inductance value, when the adjustable inductor is set to the second inductance value, the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit changes to 13MHz, which is within the frequency range of the card reader's operating frequency. The quality factor changes to 29.8, which is also within the preset quality factor of the card reader. The power of the card reader can be increased in both the first and second states.

[0086] Similarly, if the signal conditioning unit is used to reduce the power of the card reader, the resonant circuits in both the first and second states described above can be used to reduce the power of the card reader, but to varying degrees, similar to multi-level power reduction. The specific logic principle is similar to that described above and will not be repeated here.

[0087] If the signal conditioning unit further includes the aforementioned first switching element, the first switching element can be connected in series between the adjustable inductor and the coil antenna, or between the first capacitor and the coil antenna. For example, one end of the first switching element can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end can be connected to one end a1 of the adjustable inductor. Alternatively, one end of the first switching element can be connected to the other end B of the coil antenna 102, and the other end can be connected to the other end b2 of the first capacitor C1.

[0088] The state control component can be a component capable of adjusting the inductance value of the adjustable inductor. For example, the state control component can be a component capable of generating digital signals, such as an envelope detector circuit, a half-wave rectifier circuit, etc. In one embodiment, the state control component may include a digital signal conversion circuit, the input of which can be connected to the coil antenna to output a digital level signal.

[0089] The state control component 106 can be connected to the coil antenna 102 and can convert the radio frequency pulse signal sensed by the coil antenna 102 from the card reader device into a digital level signal. This digital level signal can be used to control the inductance value of the adjustable inductor in the circuit, so that the card reader device can be in a first state or a second state under the influence of the signal conditioning unit.

[0090] In another implementation, the state control component may include an MCU (microcontroller unit) for adjusting the state of the resonant circuit.

[0091] Specifically, if the card reader device meets the signal enhancement condition, the microcontroller control unit controls the resonant circuit to enhance the power of the card reader device; or, if the card reader device meets the signal weakening condition, the microcontroller control unit controls the resonant circuit to weaken the power of the card reader device.

[0092] The signal enhancement conditions include at least one of the following: the card reader device is in a working state, other entities exist within a preset range of the card reader device, and the card reader device fails to acquire tag information; the signal weakening conditions include at least one of the following: the card reader device is in an idle or standby state, and the MCU microcontroller unit acquires an adjustment command sent by the device acting as an NFC tag; the adjustment command is generated by the device acting as an NFC tag after sensing radio frequency interference signals.

[0093] The MCU (Microcontroller Unit) can store logic programs for adjusting the state of a resonant circuit. For example, the MCU can store logic programs for adjusting an adjustable inductor.

[0094] For example, when the card reader is picked up, an object is detected approaching it, or the card reader is in a non-standby or active state, the MCU (Microcontroller Unit) can control the adjustable inductor to switch to a first state, increasing the card reader's transmission power. Conversely, when the card reader is placed down, no object is detected approaching it, or the card reader is in a standby or idle state, the MCU can control the adjustable inductor to switch to a second state, reducing the card reader's transmission power and minimizing interference with other devices.

[0095] For example, the MCU (Microcontroller Unit) can communicate with other devices. For instance, if a card reader and an NFC tag device are deployed simultaneously on the same checkout counter, the card reader continuously emits a card-finding signal. If the NFC tag device is close to the card reader, it may respond to this signal, causing interference. As one implementation, the MCU can communicate with the NFC tag device. If the NFC tag device senses radio frequency interference, such as if it continuously senses the card-finding signal for a preset time, it can determine the presence of interference and send a command to the MCU to reduce the interference. The MCU can then control an adjustable inductor to switch to a second state based on this command, reducing the power consumption of the card reader device.

[0096] As another implementation, the state control component may include manually adjustable elements, such as buttons or knobs, which can also allow for manual adjustment of the resonant circuit's state. For example, the inductance value of an adjustable inductor can be manually adjusted, thereby adjusting the power of the card reader device.

[0097] In practical applications, if the MCU microcontroller unit requires a power supply, the power supply can be set in the signal conditioning unit, or the power can be provided by the card reader device. The setting can be made according to actual needs, and there is no limitation here.

[0098] In the embodiments described in this specification, an adjustable capacitor may also be used to enable the signal conditioning unit to have at least two states. Optionally, the signal conditioning unit may further include a state control component; the second capacitor may include an adjustable capacitor; the state control component is connected to a second control terminal of the adjustable capacitor, enabling the adjustable capacitor to be in a third state with a first capacitance value or in a fourth state with a second capacitance value.

[0099] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 7 As shown, the second capacitor C2 may include an adjustable inductor element, in addition to the above. Figure 4 As shown in the diagram, the second control terminal c3 of the adjustable capacitor element can be connected to the state control component 106, so that the state control component 106 can be used to adjust the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor element in the circuit.

[0100] If the signal conditioning unit further includes the aforementioned first switching element, the first switching element can be connected in series between the adjustable capacitor element and the coil antenna. For example, one end of the first switching element can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end can be connected to one end c1 of the adjustable capacitor element C2.

[0101] By adjusting the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor element in the circuit, the resonant circuit in the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to or deviate from a preset quality factor. As one implementation, in the third state, the resonant circuit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to the preset quality factor; or, in the fourth state, the resonant circuit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device deviate from the preset quality factor.

[0102] Similar to the above-mentioned method of using adjustable inductors to adjust the state of the load circuit, this embodiment can achieve different effects on the card reader device by adjusting the capacitance value of the load circuit.

[0103] Assuming the adjustable capacitor in the third state has the first capacitance value, the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit equals the operating frequency of the card reader, such as 13.56MHz. Furthermore, the quality factor of the card reader is equal to a preset quality factor, such as a Q value of 30. The high coupling between the signal conditioning unit and the card reader improves transmission efficiency, thereby increasing transmission power and saving energy. Assuming the adjustable capacitor in the fourth state has the second inductance value, which is greater than the first capacitance value, with other component parameters remaining unchanged, the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit becomes lower than the operating frequency of the card reader, such as changing it to 11MHz. The coupling between the signal conditioning unit and the card reader decreases, and the radiated power of the card reader decreases under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, reducing interference from the card reader to other devices. Furthermore, from the perspective of quality factor, increasing the capacitance value of the signal conditioning unit is equivalent to decreasing the equivalent capacitance value of the signal conditioning unit and the card reader device. This results in an increase in the quality factor of the card reader device under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, exceeding the preset quality factor. It also reduces the radiation power of the card reader device and reduces the interference of the card reader device to other devices.

[0104] Of course, the first capacitance value can also be greater than the second capacitance value. The specific capacitance value can be chosen according to actual needs, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0105] If the signal conditioning unit is used to reduce the power of the card reader, the resonant circuits in both the third and fourth states described above can be used to reduce the power of the card reader. Alternatively, if the signal conditioning unit is used to increase the power of the card reader, the resonant circuits in both the third and fourth states described above can be used to increase the power of the card reader. The specific principle is similar to that in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0106] The state control component in this embodiment can be used to control the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor. It can be a digital signal conversion circuit or an MCU microcontroller unit. The specific working principle or processing logic can be the same as or similar to the state control components in the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0107] In practical applications, the inductance, capacitance, or resistance values ​​in the load circuit can also be adjusted using a controllable switch. Optionally, the signal conditioning unit further includes a state control component. The load circuit also includes a second switching element; the third control terminal of the second switching element is connected to the state control component, which controls the state of the second switching element. The second capacitor element includes a first fixed capacitor element and a second fixed capacitor element; the second switching element is connected in series with the first fixed capacitor element and then in parallel with the second fixed capacitor element; the second fixed capacitor element is connected in parallel with the coil antenna.

[0108] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 8 As shown, the load circuit 104 may include a second switching element K2, a first fixed capacitor C21, and a second fixed capacitor C22. One end e1 of the second fixed capacitor C22 can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna, and the other end e2 can be connected to one end B of the coil antenna. One end g1 of the second switching element K2 is connected to one end f2 of the first fixed capacitor C21, and the other end g2 is connected to the other end e2 of the second fixed capacitor C22; the other end f1 of the first fixed capacitor C21 is connected to one end e1 of the second fixed capacitor C22. The third control terminal g3 of the second switching element K2 is connected to the state control component 106. The state control component 106 can control the switching state of the second switching element K2.

[0109] In one implementation, when the second switching element is in the closed state, the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to the preset quality factor; when the second switching element is in the open state, the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device deviate from the preset quality factor.

[0110] For example, when the second switch is closed, the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit contains a first fixed capacitor, a second fixed capacitor, and a coil antenna. Assuming that in this state, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit equals the operating resonant frequency of the card reader, and the quality factor of the card reader equals a preset quality factor under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader conform to the preset quality factor, thus improving the transmission power of the card reader. When the second switch is switched to the open state, the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit contains a second fixed capacitor and a coil antenna. Compared to when the second switch is closed, the capacitance of the resonant circuit decreases, and the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit becomes greater than the operating resonant frequency of the card reader. Under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, the quality factor of the card reader becomes greater than the preset quality factor, exceeding the standard quality factor of the card reader. That is, when the second switch is open, the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader deviate from the preset quality factor, affecting the transmission power of the card reader.

[0111] In another implementation, when the second switching element is in the open state, the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to a preset quality factor; when the second switching element is in the closed state, the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device deviate from the preset quality factor.

[0112] For example, when the second switch is in the open state, the operable components in the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit include the second fixed capacitor and the coil antenna. Assuming that in this state, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is equal to the operating resonant frequency of the card reader, and the quality factor of the card reader is equal to the preset quality factor under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, that is, when the second switch is in the open state, the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader conform to the preset quality factor, thereby improving the transmission power of the card reader. When the second switch is switched to the closed state, the operable components in the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit include the first fixed capacitor, the second fixed capacitor, and the coil antenna. Compared to when the second switch is in the open state, the capacitance value of the resonant circuit increases, and the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit becomes lower than the operating resonant frequency of the card reader. Furthermore, under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, the quality factor of the card reader becomes lower than the preset quality factor, deviating from the standard quality factor of the card reader. That is, when the second switch is in the closed state, the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader deviate from the preset quality factor, which will affect the transmission power of the card reader.

[0113] In another implementation, if the signal conditioning unit is for reducing the power of the card reader device, the resonant circuit with the second switching element in either the open or closed state can be used to reduce the power of the card reader device. Alternatively, if the signal conditioning unit is for increasing the power of the card reader device, the resonant circuit with the second switching element in either the open or closed state can be used to increase the power of the card reader device. The specific principle is similar to the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0114] The state control component in this embodiment can be used to control the switching state of the second switching element. It can be a digital signal conversion circuit or an MCU microcontroller unit. The specific working principle or processing logic can be the same as or similar to the state control components in the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0115] If the signal conditioning unit further includes the aforementioned first switching element, the first switching element can be connected in series between the second fixed capacitor and the coil antenna. For example, one end of the first switching element can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end can be connected to the connection point between the second fixed capacitor and the first fixed capacitor.

[0116] In practical applications, the resistance value contained in the resonant circuit can also be controlled by a switch, thereby allowing the signal conditioning unit to have various effects on the card reader device. Optionally, the signal conditioning unit further includes a state control component. The load circuit also includes a third switching element; the fourth control terminal of the third switching element is connected to the state control component; the third switching element is connected in series with the first resistive element.

[0117] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conditioning unit provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 9 As shown, the load circuit 104 may include a third switching element K3, a first resistive element R1, and a third capacitor element C3. One end d1 of the third capacitor element C3 can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end d2 can be connected to the other end B of the coil antenna 102. One end e1 of the first resistive element R1 can intersect with one end d1 of the third capacitor element C3 and one end A of the coil antenna 102 at a point. The other end e2 of the first resistive element R1 can be connected to one end h1 of the third switching element K3, and the other end h2 of the third switching element K3 can intersect with the other end d2 of the third capacitor element C3 and the other end B of the coil antenna 102 at a point. The fourth control terminal of the third switching element K3 is connected to the state control component 106.

[0118] In one implementation, the third switching element is in the open state, and the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to the preset quality factor; the second switching element is in the closed state, and the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device deviate from the preset quality factor.

[0119] For example, when the third switch is in the open state, the operable components in the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning circuit include the coil antenna and the third capacitor. Assuming that in this state, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit equals the operating resonant frequency of the card reader, and that the quality factor of the card reader is equal to the preset quality factor under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, i.e., when the third switch is in the open state, the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader conform to the preset quality factor, thereby increasing the transmission power of the card reader. When the third switch is switched to the closed state, the operable components in the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit include the coil antenna, the third capacitor, and the first resistive element. Compared to when the third switch is in the open state, the resistance value of the resonant circuit increases, and the first resistive element can consume energy in the circuit. Under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, the quality factor of the card reader will become less than the preset quality factor, deviating from the standard quality factor of the card reader. That is, when the third switch is in the closed state, the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader deviate from the preset quality factor, affecting the transmission power of the card reader.

[0120] In another implementation, the third switching element is in the closed state, and the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to the preset quality factor; the second switching element is in the open state, and the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device deviate from the preset quality factor.

[0121] For example, when the third switch is closed, the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit contains a coil antenna, a third capacitor, and a first resistive element. Assuming that in this state, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit equals the operating resonant frequency of the card reader, and the quality factor of the card reader is equal to a preset quality factor under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, i.e., when the third switch is closed, the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader conform to the preset quality factor, thus improving the transmission power of the card reader. When the third switch is switched to the open state, the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit contains a coil antenna and a third capacitor. Compared to when the third switch is open, the resistance of the resonant circuit decreases. Under the influence of the signal conditioning unit, the quality factor of the card reader becomes greater than the preset quality factor, exceeding the standard quality factor of the card reader. That is, when the third switch is open, the signal conditioning unit can be used to make the quality factor of the card reader deviate from the preset quality factor, affecting the transmission power of the card reader.

[0122] In another implementation, if the signal conditioning unit is for reducing the power of the card reader device, the resonant circuit with the third switching element in either the open or closed state can be used to reduce the power of the card reader device. Alternatively, if the signal conditioning unit is for increasing the power of the card reader device, the resonant circuit with the third switching element in either the open or closed state can be used to increase the power of the card reader device. The specific principle is similar to the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0123] The state control component in this embodiment can be used to control the switching state of the third switching element. It can be a digital signal conversion circuit or an MCU microcontroller unit. The specific working principle or processing logic can be the same as or similar to the state control component in the previous embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] If the signal conditioning unit further includes the aforementioned first switching element, the first switching element can be connected in series between the third capacitor element and the coil antenna. For example, one end of the first switching element can be connected to one end A of the coil antenna 102, and the other end can be connected to the intersection point of the third capacitor element and the first resistive element.

[0125] In one implementation, the first resistive element R1 can be an adjustable resistive element. The control terminal of the adjustable resistive element can be connected to a state control component, which is used to adjust the resistance value of the adjustable resistive element in the circuit. This implementation can also realize a signal conditioning unit with multiple states. It is also possible to adjust the resistance value of the resonant circuit of the signal conditioning unit without using a third switching element. The specific logic and principle are the same as or similar to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0126] It should be noted that the state control components used in the above embodiments can be the same or the same state control component, or they can be different state control components, as long as they can be used to adjust adjustable inductors, adjustable capacitors or switching elements, etc., and no specific limitation is made here.

[0127] It should be understood that the connection order of some components in the signal conditioning unit described in one or more embodiments of this specification can be adjusted according to actual needs, or some components can be omitted or deleted.

[0128] Based on the same idea, this specification also provides a card reader device including the above-described signal conditioning unit in its embodiments. This card reader device may include the signal conditioning unit described in at least one embodiment of the above embodiments.

[0129] Optionally, the card reader device may include a status adjustment control, which may be connected to a first switching element and / or a status control component in the signal conditioning unit to control the operating status of the signal conditioning unit.

[0130] The status adjustment control can be either manually operated or automatically operated; no specific limitation is made here.

[0131] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0132] It is understood that the above embodiments describe the solutions from multiple perspectives. In practical applications, one or more of the contents described in the embodiments can be adopted according to actual needs, or multiple embodiments can be superimposed or adjusted according to actual needs. These will not be elaborated here.

[0133] The components described in the embodiments of this specification are only functional descriptions. Specific parameters or quantities can be set according to actual needs. For example, an adjustable inductor can be an inductor capable of adjusting its inductance value; it can be a single adjustable inductor, a combination inductor including multiple single adjustable inductors, or other inductor components. An adjustable capacitor can be a capacitive component capable of adjusting its capacitance value; it can be a single capacitor, a combination capacitor including one or more single capacitors, or other capacitive components. Similarly, the first capacitor, second capacitor, third capacitor, fourth capacitor, etc., can be capacitive components; for example, they can be capacitors with fixed capacitance values, or capacitors with adjustable capacitance values. Specifically, they can be single capacitors, combination capacitors including multiple single capacitors, or other capacitive components. Furthermore, a switching element can be a mechanical switch or an electronic switch, as long as it performs the switching function. The specific form, type, and quantity of each electronic component are not limited here, as long as the corresponding function is achieved.

[0134] In the 1990s, improvements to a technology could be clearly distinguished as either hardware improvements (e.g., improvements to the circuit structure of diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) or software improvements (improvements to the methodology). However, with technological advancements, many methodological improvements today can be considered direct improvements to the hardware circuit structure. Designers almost always obtain the corresponding hardware circuit structure by programming the improved methodology into the hardware circuit. Therefore, it cannot be said that a methodological improvement cannot be implemented using hardware physical modules. For example, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) (such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)) is such an integrated circuit whose logic function is determined by the user programming the device. Designers can program and "integrate" a digital system onto a PLD themselves, without needing chip manufacturers to design and manufacture dedicated integrated circuit chips. Furthermore, nowadays, instead of manually manufacturing integrated circuit chips, this programming is mostly implemented using "logic compiler" software. Similar to the software compiler used in program development, the original code before compilation must also be written in a specific programming language, called a Hardware Description Language (HDL). There are many HDLs, such as ABEL (Advanced Boolean Expression Language), AHDL (Altera Hardware Description Language), Confluence, CUPL (Cornell University Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware Description Language), Lava, Lola, MyHDL, PALASM, and RHDL (Ruby Hardware Description Language). Currently, the most commonly used are VHDL (Very-High-Speed ​​Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog. Those skilled in the art should also understand that by simply performing some logic programming on the method flow using one of these hardware description languages ​​and programming it into an integrated circuit, the hardware circuit implementing the logical method flow can be easily obtained.

[0135] The controller can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, it can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers. Examples of controllers include, but are not limited to, the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, Atmel AT91SAM, Microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicon Labs C8051F320. A memory controller can also be implemented as part of the control logic of the memory. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that, in addition to implementing the controller in purely computer-readable program code form, the same functionality can be achieved by logically programming the method steps to make the controller take the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers. Therefore, such a controller can be considered a hardware component, and the means included therein for implementing various functions can also be considered as structures within the hardware component. Alternatively, the means for implementing various functions can be considered as both software modules implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0136] The systems, devices, modules, or units described in the above embodiments can be implemented by computer chips or entities, or by products with certain functions. A typical implementation device is a computer. Specifically, a computer can be, for example, a personal computer, laptop computer, cellular phone, camera phone, smartphone, personal digital assistant, media player, navigation device, email device, game console, tablet computer, wearable device, or any combination of these devices.

[0137] For ease of description, the above devices are described separately by function as various units. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0138] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0139] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0140] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0141] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0142] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0143] Memory may include non-persistent storage in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0144] Computer-readable media include both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0145] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0147] This application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, that are executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. This application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0148] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A signal conditioning unit, comprising: Coil antenna and load circuit; One end of the coil antenna is connected to one end of the load circuit, and the other end of the coil antenna is connected to the other end of the load circuit; The coil antenna and the load circuit form a resonant circuit; If the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit is greater than or less than the operating resonant frequency of the card reader, or if the quality factor of the card reader deviates from a preset quality factor under the influence of the signal conditioning, the signal conditioning unit is used to reduce the power of the card reader.

2. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein if the resonant frequency of the signal conditioning unit is equal to the operating resonant frequency of the card reader device, or if the quality factor of the card reader device conforms to a preset quality factor under the influence of the signal conditioning, the signal conditioning unit is used to increase the power of the card reader device.

3. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit is matched with the antenna of the card reader device; or, the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit coincides with or is close to the center line of the antenna coil of the card reader device; or, the coil antenna of the signal conditioning unit is placed overlapping with the antenna coil of the card reader device. Alternatively, the signal conditioning unit may be fixed to the surface or interior of the card reader device; or the signal conditioning unit may be separately disposed from the card reader device and located on a desktop for placing the card reader device.

4. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein if the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to a preset quality factor, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is equal to the operating resonant frequency of the card reader device.

5. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein the signal conditioning unit further comprises a first switching element; The first switching element is located between the coil antenna and the load circuit, and is used to control whether the signal conditioning unit is in an operational state.

6. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 5, wherein the first switching element comprises a photosensitive switching element.

7. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 6, wherein if the signal conditioning unit is used to reduce the power of the card reader device, the photosensitive switch element is in the conducting state when there is no tag or the tag device is close to or attached to the recognition area of ​​the card reader device; As the tag or tag device approaches or abuts against the recognition area of ​​the card reader device, the photosensitive switch switches to the off state; Alternatively, if the signal conditioning unit is used to increase the power of the card reader device, the photosensitive switch element is in the off state when there is no tag or the tag device is close to or attached to the recognition area of ​​the card reader device; As the tag or tag device approaches or adheres to the recognition area of ​​the card reader device, the photosensitive switch element switches to the on state.

8. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 1, wherein the load circuit includes a first capacitor element and a first inductor element; the first inductor element is connected in series with the coil antenna; the first capacitor element is connected in parallel with the coil antenna; Alternatively, the load circuit includes a second capacitor element; the second capacitor element is connected in parallel with the coil antenna; Alternatively, the load circuit includes a third capacitor element and a first resistive element; the third capacitor element is connected in parallel with the coil antenna; and the first resistive element is connected in parallel with the third capacitor element.

9. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 8, wherein one end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the coil antenna, the other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the first capacitor, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the other end of the coil antenna; Alternatively, one end of the second capacitor element is connected to one end of the coil antenna, and the other end of the second capacitor element is connected to the other end of the coil antenna; Alternatively, one end of the third capacitor element is connected to one end of the coil antenna, and the other end of the third capacitor element is connected to the other end of the coil antenna; one end of the first resistive element is connected to one end of the third capacitor element, and the other end of the first resistive element is connected to the other end of the third capacitor element.

10. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 8, wherein the signal conditioning unit further comprises a state control component; The first inductor element includes an adjustable inductor element; the state control component is connected to a first control terminal of the adjustable inductor element, enabling the adjustable inductor element to be in a first state with a first inductance value or to be in a second state with a second inductance value; wherein... In the first state, the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to a preset quality factor; or, in the second state, the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device deviate from the preset quality factor. Alternatively, the second capacitor includes an adjustable capacitor; the state control component is connected to the second control terminal of the adjustable capacitor, enabling the adjustable capacitor to be in a third state of a first capacitance value or in a fourth state of a second capacitance value; wherein, in the third state, the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device conform to a preset quality factor; or, in the fourth state, the resonant circuit is used to make the quality factor of the card reader device deviate from the preset quality factor. Alternatively, the load circuit further includes a second switching element; the third control terminal of the second switching element is connected to the state control component; the second capacitor element includes a first fixed capacitor element and a second fixed capacitor element; the second switching element is connected in series with the first fixed capacitor element and then in parallel with the second fixed capacitor element; the second fixed capacitor element is connected in parallel with the coil antenna; Alternatively, the load circuit may further include a third switching element; the fourth control terminal of the third switching element is connected to the state control component; and the third switching element is connected in series with the first resistive element.

11. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 10, wherein the state control component includes a digital signal conversion circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the coil antenna to output a digital level signal.

12. The signal conditioning unit according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the signal conditioning unit further comprises an MCU microcontroller unit for adjusting the state of the resonant circuit; If the card reader device meets the signal enhancement conditions, the microcontroller control unit controls the resonant circuit to be in a state that enhances the power of the card reader device; Alternatively, if the card reader device meets the signal attenuation condition, the microcontroller control unit controls the resonant circuit to reduce the power of the card reader device; in, The signal enhancement conditions include at least one of the following: the card reader device is in working condition, there are other entities within a preset range of the card reader device, and the card reader device has failed to acquire tag information. The signal attenuation conditions include at least one of the following: the card reader device is in an idle or standby state, and the MCU microcontroller unit receives an adjustment command sent by the device acting as an NFC tag; the adjustment command is generated by the device acting as an NFC tag after sensing radio frequency interference signals.

13. The signal conditioning unit according to claim 12, if the device serving as the NFC tag is close to the card reader device and the device serving as the NFC tag determines that there is an interference signal, then sends an instruction to the MCU microcontroller unit to reduce the interference, and the MCU microcontroller unit controls the resonant circuit to work based on the instruction to reduce the power of the card reader device.

14. A card reader device, the card reader device comprising the signal conditioning unit according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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