Soybean clear water fancy carp feed capable of remarkably improving growth speed of fancy carp as well as preparation method and application of soybean clear water fancy carp feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a soybean clear water fancy carp feed capable of remarkably improving the growth speed of fancy carps as well as a preparation method and application of the soybean clear water fancy carp feed. The feed comprises 20-40 parts of soybean clear water fermented by lactic acid bacteria and 100 parts of basal feed, the basal feed comprises fish meal, flour, spirulina powder, fish oil, compound vitamins, mineral premix, yeast extract, astaxanthin and carotene. The lactobacillus fermented soybean clear water is obtained by adding lactobacillus bulgaricus into the soybean clear water and fermenting under the conditions that the pH is 6.0 and the temperature is 37 DEG C. The preparation method comprises the following steps: fully and uniformly mixing the basal feed and the soybean clear water, puffing, granulating and drying to prepare the fancy carp feed. By adding the lactic acid fermented soybean clear water, the soybean product wastewater can be recycled, and soluble protein, amino acid and trace elements rich in the soybean clear water, especially phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor and other antinutritional factors after lactic acid bacteria fermentation are fully degraded, so that the digestibility of the feed can be remarkably improved; the oxidation resistance and the growth speed of the fancy carp are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of comprehensive utilization of food wastewater, specifically to a soybean-based koi feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi, its preparation method, and its application. Technical Background

[0002] Soybean water, a byproduct of soybean deep processing, contains a soybean protein complex. Its amino acid composition matches the requirements of koi carp by 92%, with significantly higher levels of lysine (5.8g / 100g) and methionine (1.2g / 100g) than common plant protein sources. Soybean water also contains soybean phospholipids (2.5%), vitamin E (≥20mg / kg), and isoflavones (≥150mg / kg), all exhibiting high bioactivity. However, soybean water has a high chemical oxygen demand (COD), easily leading to eutrophication and therefore cannot be directly discharged. Some companies use physical or chemical methods to treat soybean water, such as ultrafiltration, flocculation, and foam separation, to extract functional components like soy whey protein, isoflavones, and oligosaccharides for use in food and health products. However, these methods are costly, complex, and may cause secondary pollution.

[0003] Koi are an artificially bred ornamental fish variety of red carp (Cyprinus carpio). As a highly valued aquatic animal, they are beloved by ornamental fish enthusiasts worldwide for their vibrant colors and elegant swimming style, holding an important position in the ornamental fish market. With the improvement of people's living standards and the pursuit of spiritual and cultural enrichment, the koi farming industry has continued to expand, and the quality requirements for koi have also increased. In the process of koi farming, the nutritional supply of feed is a key factor affecting the growth efficiency, health, and ornamental quality of koi. High-quality feed can provide koi with comprehensive and balanced nutrients, promoting rapid growth, strengthening their physique, and making their colors more vibrant and eye-catching, thereby enhancing their ornamental and economic value.

[0004] Currently, common koi feeds on the market mainly use fishmeal, soybean meal, and grains as their primary ingredients. However, this traditional formula has many drawbacks, severely hindering the high-quality development of the koi farming industry. While plant protein sources such as soybean meal are widely available and relatively inexpensive, they lack functional components and contain anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid. These anti-nutritional factors interfere with the digestion and absorption of protein by koi, reducing the utilization rate of plant protein. Due to the low utilization rate of plant protein and insufficient functional components, existing koi feeds are unable to meet the nutritional needs of koi for rapid growth and healthy development, resulting in slow growth and prolonged growth cycles. Furthermore, the imbalance of nutrients in the feed can also affect the development of koi body color, making the colors less vibrant and pure, thus reducing the ornamental quality and market competitiveness of the koi. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to provide a soybean-based koi feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi, along with its preparation method and application. The process is simple, beneficial for soybean water, a byproduct of soybean processing, and reduces environmental pollution. The raw material cost is low, which not only improves the utilization rate of plant protein, supplements functional components, promotes the healthy growth of koi and enhances antioxidant capacity, but also reduces the proportion of soybean meal and other grain crops used in feed.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: A soybean water feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi is characterized by the following: by weight, it includes 20-40 parts of fermented soybean water with lactic acid bacteria and 100 parts of koi base feed. The preparation process of the fermented soybean water is as follows: add inorganic acid or inorganic alkali to the soybean water to adjust the pH to 6.0, then add 2-5% of Lactobacillus bulgaricus dry powder according to the mass of the soybean water, and culture at 37°C. Stop fermentation when the pH of the fermented soybean water reaches 5.0.

[0007] Furthermore, the inorganic base is a NaOH solution, and the inorganic acid is an HCl solution.

[0008] Furthermore, the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.2 mol / L, and the concentration of the HCl solution is 0.2 mol / L.

[0009] In this invention, the basic feed for koi is composed of the following components by weight: 30-40 parts fish meal, 15-25 parts wheat flour, 10-20 parts spirulina powder, 7-10 parts fish oil, 7-10 parts commercially available compound vitamins, 4-10 parts commercially available mineral premix, 4-6 parts commercially available yeast extract, 0.2-0.8 parts astaxanthin, and 0.2-0.8 parts carotene.

[0010] A method for preparing a soybean-based koi feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi is described below: After thoroughly mixing the basic koi feed, grind it thoroughly using a grinder, then filter it through a 100-mesh sieve. Add fermented soybean water with lactic acid bacteria and mix thoroughly. Extrude the mixture using an extruder at 120-140℃, 3-5MPa, and 200-300rpm. Adjust the mold to make pellets of different sizes. Place the pellets in an oven and dry them at 60℃ until the moisture content is below 8%, thus obtaining soybean water koi feed that improves the growth rate of koi.

[0011] Furthermore, the compound vitamins described in this invention are obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid, niacin, and inositol in any proportion.

[0012] Furthermore, the mineral premix described in this invention is obtained by mixing ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium iodide, zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, and magnesium sulfate in any proportion.

[0013] A soybean-based koi feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi is used as koi feed. Its special feature is that when feeding koi with soybean-based koi feed, it is fed 2-3 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 4-6% of the koi's body weight. This maintains the growth rate of koi and improves feed utilization.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: By adding an appropriate amount of soybean water to a basic koi feed without soybean meal, and mixing thoroughly and evenly, the feed is then extruded, granulated, and dried to produce koi pellet feed. The addition of soybean water not only reuses soybean wastewater, reducing environmental pollution, but also, due to the presence of soy isoflavones and soluble dietary fiber in the water, fermentation with *Lactobacillus bulgaricus* removes anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid and trypsin, improving protein utilization, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the koi's gut, regulating lipid metabolism, and promoting koi weight gain. Simultaneously, isoflavones promote the absorption of astaxanthin by koi epidermal cells, prolonging the maintenance of koi body color. The saponins and polyphenols in the soybean water can activate immune cell activity and enhance immunity. As a byproduct of soybean processing, soybean water is 8%-12% cheaper than soybean meal. This feed boasts advantages such as comprehensive nutrition, low cost, and environmentally friendly raw materials, making it suitable for large-scale koi farming. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.

[0016] Unless otherwise specified in the examples, the procedures should be performed under standard conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available products.

[0017] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. The soybean water used in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention is from the same batch.

[0018] Example 1 In this embodiment, a soybean water koi feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi includes the following raw materials: 1000g of basic feed and 200g of soybean water fermented with lactic acid bacteria. The basic feed formula is as follows: 400g fishmeal, 250g wheat flour, 100g spirulina powder, 70g fish oil, 70g multivitamins, 40g mineral premix, 60g commercially available yeast extract, 8g astaxanthin, and 2g carotene. The 70g multivitamin contains the following vitamins: Vitamin A 1.3mg, Vitamin D 0.1mg, Vitamin E 8.5mg, Vitamin C 34.2mg, Vitamin K 0.1mg, Vitamin B1 0.8mg, Vitamin B6 0.6mg, Vitamin B12 0.1mg, Biotin 0.1mg, Folic acid 0.1mg, Niacin 0.1mg, and Inositol 5.8mg. The 40g mineral premix contains 17.2mg of ferrous sulfate, 4.8mg of copper sulfate, 0.28mg of potassium iodide, 320mg of zinc sulfate, and 480mg of magnesium sulfate, respectively. The method for preparing fermented soybean water with lactic acid bacteria is as follows: Add 0.2mol / L HCl solution to 200g of soybean water to adjust the pH to 6.0, then add 2% (4g) of commercially available Lactobacillus bulgaricus dry powder by weight of soybean water, and incubate at 37℃. Stop fermentation when pH=5.0. The preparation process of soybean water koi feed to improve the growth rate of koi is as follows: After mixing the basic feed according to the formula, it is thoroughly crushed using a grinder, then filtered and screened using a 100-mesh sieve. Then, 200g of fermented soybean water with lactic acid bacteria is added and thoroughly mixed. The mixture is then expanded using an extruder at 120℃, 5MPa and 300rpm to produce pellet feed with a particle size of 1mm. The pellets are then dried in an oven at 60℃ until the moisture content is below 8%, sealed and stored for later use.

[0019] Example 2 In this embodiment, a soybean water koi feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi includes the following raw materials: 400g of soybean water fermented with lactic acid bacteria and 1000g of basic feed. The basic feed formula is as follows: 300g fishmeal, 150g wheat flour, 200g spirulina powder, 100g fish oil, 100g multivitamins, 100g mineral premix, 40g commercially available yeast extract, 2g astaxanthin, and 8g carotene. The multivitamin 100g contains the following vitamins: Vitamin A 1.9mg, Vitamin D 0.1mg, Vitamin E 12.2mg, Vitamin C 48.9mg, Vitamin K 0.2mg, Vitamin B1 1.2mg, Vitamin B2 0.2mg, Vitamin B6 1.2mg, Vitamin B12 2.3mg, Biotin 0.1mg, Folic acid 0.1mg, Niacin 0.2mg, and Inositol 8.2mg. And 24.5mg; 100g of mineral premix contains ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium iodide, zinc sulfate, sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate by mass of 320mg, 12mg, 0.7mg, 390mg, 800mg and 1200mg respectively; The method for preparing fermented soybean water with lactic acid bacteria is as follows: Add 0.2 mol / L HCl solution to 400g of soybean water to adjust the pH to 6.0, then add 5% (10g) of commercially available Lactobacillus bulgaricus dry powder (by weight of soybean water), and incubate at 37℃. Stop fermentation when pH=5.0. The preparation process of soybean water koi feed to improve koi growth rate is as follows: After mixing the basic feed according to the formula, grind it thoroughly using a grinder, then filter it through a 100-mesh sieve. Add 400g of fermented soybean water and mix thoroughly. Use an extruder to extrude the feed at 120℃, 5MPa, and 300rpm to produce 1mm pellets. Dry the pellets in an oven at 60℃ until the moisture content is below 8%. Store in a sealed container for later use.

[0020] Comparative Example 1 The formulation of the basic feed and the method of making the pelleted feed in this comparative example are exactly the same as those in Example 1, but the soybean water used is unfermented soybean water, and its mass is also 200g.

[0021] In this comparative example, a soybean-water koi compound feed includes the following ingredients: 1000g of basic feed and 200g of soybean water; The basic feed formula is as follows: 400g fishmeal, 250g wheat flour, 100g spirulina powder, 70g fish oil, 70g multivitamins, 40g mineral premix, 60g commercially available yeast extract, 8g astaxanthin, and 2g carotene. The 70g multivitamin contains the following vitamins: Vitamin A 1.3mg, Vitamin D 0.1mg, Vitamin E 8.5mg, Vitamin C 34.2mg, Vitamin K 0.1mg, Vitamin B1 0.8mg, Vitamin B6 0.6mg, Vitamin B12 0.1mg, Biotin 0.1mg, Folic acid 0.1mg, Niacin 0.1mg, and Inositol 5.8mg. The mineral premix containing 17.2 mg and 40 g of ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium iodide, zinc sulfate, sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate have masses of 128 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.28 mg, 156 mg, 320 mg and 480 mg respectively. The preparation process of soybean water koi compound feed is as follows: After mixing the basic feed according to the formula, it is fully crushed using a grinder, then filtered and screened using a 100-mesh sieve, and then 200g of soybean water is added and mixed thoroughly. The feed is then extruded using an extruder at 120℃, 5MPa and 300rpm to produce pellets with a particle size of 1mm. The pellets are then dried in an oven at 60℃ until the moisture content is below 8%, sealed and stored for later use.

[0022] Comparative Example 2 The method for preparing pelleted feed in this comparative example is the same as in Example 1, but instead of using soybean water, 200g of distilled water is used.

[0023] A compound feed for koi carp includes the following ingredients: 1000g of basic feed and 200g of water; The basic feed formula is as follows: 400g fishmeal, 250g wheat flour, 100g spirulina powder, 70g fish oil, 70g multivitamins, 40g mineral premix, 60g commercially available yeast extract, 8g astaxanthin, and 2g carotene. The 70g multivitamin contains the following vitamins: Vitamin A 1.3mg, Vitamin D 0.1mg, Vitamin E 8.5mg, Vitamin C 34.2mg, Vitamin K 0.1mg, Vitamin B1 0.8mg, Vitamin B6 0.6mg, Vitamin B12 0.1mg, Biotin 0.1mg, Folic acid 0.1mg, Niacin 0.1mg, and Inositol 5.8mg. The mineral premix containing 17.2 mg and 40 g of ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium iodide, zinc sulfate, sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate have masses of 128 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.28 mg, 156 mg, 320 mg and 480 mg respectively. The preparation process of koi feed is as follows: After mixing the basic feed according to the formula, it is thoroughly crushed using a grinder, then filtered and screened using a 100-mesh sieve, and then 200g of water is added and mixed thoroughly. Using an extruder, the feed is extruded at 120℃, 5MPa and 300rpm to make pellet feed with a particle size of 1mm. The pellets are then dried in an oven at 60℃ until the moisture content is below 8%, sealed and stored for later use.

[0024] Comparative Example 3 The koi pellet feed used in this comparative example was a commercially available koi feed.

[0025] Effect verification tests of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of the present invention This verification experiment was conducted in indoor breeding tanks. Koi carp were randomly divided into 5 groups (30 koi carp in each group) for parallel trials, and fed with the feeds of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Feeding was carried out twice a day (8:00 and 20:00), with continuous aeration and 30% water change per day to ensure water quality. The daily feed amount was 4-6% of the koi carp's body weight. The feed amount and survival rate were recorded daily, and the experimental period was 37 days.

[0026] After the breeding experiment, the koi were fasted for 24 hours, and the weight of each group of koi was measured. Specific growth rates and survival rates were calculated using the following formulas: Specific growth rate (SGR, %) = 100 × (lnW2 - lnW1) / time (days); Where W1: initial weight, W2: final weight; Survival rate (SR, %) = Final number of fish / Initial number of fish × 100; After the breeding experiment, three koi carp were taken from each group, and their blood tissue was extracted and their alkaline phosphatase activity was detected using a kit; muscle tissue was also extracted and its ATPase activity was detected using a corresponding kit.

[0027] The results of the koi growth and physiological experiments are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Results of growth and physiological indicators of koi carp As shown in Table 1, the specific growth rates of koi in Examples 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those in Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, indicating that the soybean water compound feed fermented with lactic acid bacteria can significantly promote the growth of koi. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPase in Examples 1 and 2 were also significantly higher than those in Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, indicating that the soybean water compound feed fermented with lactic acid bacteria can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity and energy synthesis capacity of koi.

[0028] After the breeding experiment, three koi were selected from each group, and their body color a* value was measured using a colorimeter. The experimental results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Results of Koi Body Color Measurement Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Before feeding 16.88±2.68 15.89±1.89 15.65±2.15 16.01±2.21 16.52±1.99 After feeding 23.26±3.56 23.89±2.52 20.15±2.11 21.52±1.76 19.85±1.68 In Examples 1 and 2, the body color a* of the koi was significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3, indicating that the formulated feed of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention can significantly improve the body color of koi.

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, appropriate changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined without conflict.

Claims

1. A soybean-based water feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi carp, characterized by: By weight, it includes 20-40 parts of fermented soybean water with lactic acid bacteria and 100 parts of koi carp basic feed. The preparation process of the fermented soybean water is as follows: add inorganic acid or inorganic alkali to the soybean water to adjust the pH to 6.0, then add 2-5% of Lactobacillus bulgaricus dry powder according to the mass of the soybean water, and incubate at 37°C. Stop fermentation when the pH of the fermented soybean water reaches 5.

0.

2. The soybean-based water feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic base is NaOH solution, and the inorganic acid is HCl solution.

3. The soybean-based water feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi carp according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.2 mol / L, and the concentration of the HCl solution is 0.2 mol / L.

4. The soybean-based water feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic feed composition for koi, by weight, is as follows: 30-40 parts fishmeal, 15-25 parts wheat flour, 10-20 parts spirulina powder, 7-10 parts fish oil, 7-10 parts compound vitamins, 4-10 parts mineral premix, 4-6 parts yeast extract, 0.2-0.8 parts astaxanthin, and 0.2-0.8 parts carotene.

5. The soybean-based water feed according to claim 1, which can significantly improve the growth rate of koi, is characterized in that: The multivitamin includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid, niacin, and inositol.

6. The soybean-based water feed according to claim 1, which can significantly improve the growth rate of koi, is characterized in that: The mineral premix includes ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium iodide, zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, and magnesium sulfate.

7. A method for preparing a soybean-based koi feed that can significantly improve the growth rate of koi, as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Detailed steps as follows: After thoroughly mixing the basic koi feed, grind it thoroughly using a grinder, then filter it through a 100-mesh sieve. Add fermented soybean water with lactic acid bacteria and mix thoroughly. Extrude the mixture using an extruder at 120-140℃, 3-5MPa, and 200-300rpm. Adjust the mold to make pellets of different sizes. Place the pellets in an oven and dry them at 60℃ until the moisture content is below 8%, thus obtaining soybean water koi feed that improves the growth rate of koi.

8. The application of the soybean-based koi feed as described in claim 1, which can significantly improve the growth rate of koi, as a koi feed, characterized in that: When using bean-based water koi feed, feed koi 2-3 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 4-6% of the koi's body weight.

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