Broad-spectrum feed capable of being used for artificial feeding of subfamily long-horned beetles of shin shin longicorn and artificial feeding method of long-horned beetles

Abstract

The invention provides a broad-spectrum feed for artificial feeding of subfamily shin longhorn beetles, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of cellulose, 10% of wheat germ powder, 6% of yeast powder, 5% of casein powder, 2.5% of agar powder, 0.8% of cane sugar, 0.8% of glucose, 0.8% of Webster salt, 0.6% of sorbic acid, 0.6% of methyl parahydroxybenzoate, 0.4% of vitamin C, 0.1% of cholesterol, 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.05% of inositol, 0.0025% of riboflavin, 0.0015% of folic acid and the balance of water. And the balance of deionized water. The broad-spectrum feed provided by the invention is convenient to prepare, perfect in preservative system and long in service life, and the labor amount caused by frequent feed replacement in the larva breeding process is obviously reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of forest protection, and relates to forestry pest control, in particular to a broad-spectrum feed suitable for artificial feeding of the subfamily of Monochamini cerambycidae and an artificial feeding method of cerambycidae. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cerambycidae (scientific name: Cerambycidae, English name: Long horned beetles) is a general term for cerambycidae in the order of Coleoptera. There are many types of cerambycidae, more than 40,000 types in the world, and about 3,550 types in China. Cerambycidae is harmful in general, and almost all coniferous trees and broad-leaved trees are damaged to varying degrees, causing tree death or reducing wood quality. It is the largest forestry borer pest in China at present. For example, the Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.), Apriona germari (Hope), Batocera horsfieldi Hope and other cerambycidae, which have been damaging poplar trees for decades, have caused the destruction of the three-north shelter forest network dominated by poplar trees many times. Monochamus alternatus Hope is the main transmission medium of the domestic forest plant quarantine object-pine wood nematode, and the tree death loss caused by pine wood nematode disease far exceeds the direct damage of Monochamus alternatus. In addition, such as chestnut mountain cerambycidae, star cerambycidae, spruce flower ink cerambycidae, peach red neck cerambycidae, double strip cerambycidae and rust color grain shoulder cerambycidae, which are important common forestry borer pests in China, have important significance for prevention and control.

[0003] The damage characteristics of cerambycidae are that the larvae drill into the trunk and branches, feed on the phloem and xylem, and cause tree weakness and death. The life history of cerambycidae has many types, such as 1-2 generations in 1 year, 1 generation in 2-3 years or 4-5 years. Most of them overwinter in pupal chambers as larvae or adults. After the adults emerge, they need to feed on tender branches or leaves to supplement nutrients to reach sexual maturity. There are two main ways of laying eggs by female cerambycidae. One is that the female first bites the bark with the upper jaw before laying eggs, then inserts the ovipositor, and lays one egg in each hole. The other way is to directly lay eggs in the cracks of the bark with the ovipositor. The newly hatched larvae feed under the bark, and after a long or short period of time, they drill into the xylem to cause damage.

[0004] It is an important prerequisite and foundation for scientific research, development of control technology and realization of pest control to obtain sufficient and homogeneous test insects by artificial feeding. Artificial feeding technology of insects has been developed for a long time, and different types of insects generally correspond to their specific living habits and hosts, and the corresponding specific artificial feed and feeding technology are developed. There are currently several important species of drywood borer such as Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora chinensis and Monochamus alternatus, and artificial feeding technology patents have been reported. These feeding technologies of anoplophorid beetles are only applicable to specific species and cannot be applied to other anoplophorid beetles; moreover, the feed composition is complex, the preparation process is cumbersome; the preservative system is imperfect, and the feed is prone to spoilage during use, so the feed must be frequently replaced, which has many limitations and inconveniences, greatly affecting the development and popularization of anoplophorid beetle feeding technology, and greatly affecting the research and control of anoplophorid beetle drywood borer and forestry disasters. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide a broad-spectrum feed for artificial feeding of anoplophorid beetles, which can realize indoor large-scale artificial feeding of important forestry drywood borers such as Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora chinensis, Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus maritimus, promote scientific research, develop pest control technology and realize disaster control.

[0006] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the broad-spectrum feed for artificial feeding of anoplophorid beetles.

[0007] The third purpose of the present application is to provide an artificial feeding method of anoplophorid beetles.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a broad-spectrum feed for artificial feeding of anoplophorid beetles, which is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: Cellulose 20, wheat germ powder 10, yeast powder 6, casein powder 5, agar powder 2.5, sucrose 0.8, glucose 0.8, Wills salt 0.8, sorbic acid 0.6, methyl paraben 0.6, vitamin C 0.4, cholesterol 0.1, choline chloride 0.1, inositol 0.05, riboflavin 0.0025, folic acid 0.0015, and the balance is deionized water.

[0009] As described above, the anoplophorid beetles include Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora chinensis, Monochamus alternatus, Monochamus maritimus, Anoplophora nobilis, Anoplophora rufonotata or Anoplophora maculata.

[0010] The present application also provides a preparation method of the broad-spectrum feed for artificial feeding of anoplophorid beetles, which comprises the following steps: 1) Agar powder, sucrose and glucose are added to 2 / 3 of water, boiled, and stirred evenly; 2) Sorbic acid and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate are added, and stirred evenly; 3) 1 / 2 of cellulose and other ingredients are added, and stirred slowly to make it dissolve and thicken; 4) The remaining cellulose and sawdust are added, and stirred evenly; 5) The mixture is divided into feeding containers.

[0011] The application also provides a method for artificially breeding Xylorhytini cerambycids, comprising the following steps: 1) Taking eggs: the cerambycid adults are placed in adult feeding containers, 5-10 pairs of adults are placed in each container at a ratio of 1:1, and then the tender branches, thick stems and nutrient solution of their suitable hosts are added for feeding and nutrition, and the eggs are collected every 2-3 days after mating and laying eggs; 2) Disinfecting and hatching the eggs: the eggs are soaked in 10v / v% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, then washed repeatedly with clean water for 5 minutes, dried, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 80% for cultivation, and the larvae are naturally hatched; 3) Rearing larvae: a single larva is placed in a rearing cup, a broad-spectrum feed is added to the cup, and then the cup is covered and placed in a rearing room with a temperature of 25°C, a relative humidity of 40%, and light for 16:8 hours, and the larvae are reared until pupation and the pupae are hatched into cerambycid adults.

[0012] As described above, the nutrient solution in step 1) is a 10wt% sucrose solution.

[0013] As described above, the rearing cup in step 3) has a diameter of 3cm and a height of 5cm, and the cup cover has a hole with a diameter of 0.5cm in the middle, which is sealed with 60-mesh nylon gauze.

[0014] The present application provides a broad-spectrum feed for artificial feeding of Monochamini, which is suitable for Monochamini and can realize indoor large-scale artificial feeding of most Monochamini species, including most Monochamini species that cause damage in China at present. The feed of the present application has simple composition and does not contain any host tissue material, and is not limited by factors such as region and seasonal change, and can effectively ensure continuous indoor feeding of Monochamini. The Monochamini larvae of the present application rely on the decomposition of cellulose by intestinal microorganisms in the body to absorb and utilize glucose as nutrients, and the addition of glucose promotes the direct absorption and utilization of Monochamini, and the addition of riboflavin and folic acid is beneficial to the growth and action of intestinal microorganisms. The proportion and dosage of two preservative agents (sorbic acid for mold and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate for bacterial contamination) are screened, and the preservative effect is better, the effective period is prolonged, and the labor amount caused by frequent replacement of feed in the larval breeding process is obviously simplified. In addition, the growth period of each instar of Monochamini larvae fed with the feed of the present application is shorter than that in the wild, especially since no larval diapause occurs, the entire development period of Monochamini is much shorter than that of natural populations in the forest, and sufficient test insects can be obtained conveniently and quickly, which greatly reduces the cost of scientific research.

[0015] The present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a broad-spectrum feed for artificial feeding of Monochamini, which can realize indoor large-scale artificial feeding of various Monochamini of Monochamini, such as Anoplophora chinensis, Anoplophora nobilis, Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus marianii, and the survival rate of larvae is more than 80%, the size of pupae and the amount of eggs laid by adults are close to or slightly lower than natural populations in the forest, and the development period is much shorter than natural populations. In addition, the present application also lays a foundation for the development of artificial feeding technology of other Monochamini species of Monochamini. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below to make the advantages and features of the present application more easily understood by those skilled in the art, so as to make the protection scope of the present application more clear and definite.

[0017] Lamiinae is the main subfamily of Cerambycidae, and contains most of the cerambycid species. Currently, the important cerambycid species causing damage, such as Anoplophora nobilis, Monochamus alternatus, Apriona germari, Apriona swainsoni, and Chlorophorus ferus, are all from this subfamily. Previous studies have shown that the cerambycid species in Lamiinae are relatively primitive in the system evolution history of Cerambycidae. Generally, the primitive type of insects, due to the early appearance and the less abundant plant species, must have a more extensive plant adaptability and a lower host plant dependency. The research results also confirm that the cerambycid species in Lamiinae have a relatively extensive host range, which provides the possibility for developing a broad-spectrum artificial feed for the cerambycid species in Lamiinae. However, the artificial feeding research of cerambycids is extremely limited and insufficient, and only a few species are reported, and the specific cerambycid species are targeted, rather than the broad-spectrum feeding scheme.

[0018] The present application provides a broad-spectrum feed for artificial feeding of cerambycid species in Lamiinae, which consists of the following ingredients in percentage by weight: cellulose 20, wheat germ powder 10, yeast powder 6, casein powder 5, agar powder 2.5, sucrose 0.8, glucose 0.8, Wills salt 0.8, sorbic acid 0.6, methyl paraben 0.6, vitamin C 0.4, cholesterol 0.1, choline chloride 0.1, inositol 0.05, riboflavin 0.0025, folic acid 0.0015, and the balance is deionized water.

[0019] The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) Boil the agar powder, sucrose and glucose in 2 / 3 of the water, and stir uniformly; 2) Add sorbic acid and methyl paraben, and stir uniformly; 3) Add 1 / 2 of the cellulose and other ingredients, and slowly stir to dissolve and thicken; 4) Add the remaining cellulose, and stir uniformly; 5) Dispense into feeding containers.

[0020] The artificial feeding method of cerambycid species in Lamiinae of the present application comprises the following steps: 1) Take eggs: place the adult cerambycids in adult feeding containers, place 5-10 pairs of adult cerambycids in each container at a ratio of 1:1 of male to female, and then place the tender branches, thick stems and 10% sucrose solution of the suitable host plants in the containers for the adult cerambycids to feed and supplement nutrition, and then mate and lay eggs, and collect the eggs every 2-3 days.

[0021] The adult feeding container is a 20x20x35 (cm) plastic box with a lid.

[0022] 2) Egg disinfection and hatching: the eggs are soaked in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, then rinsed with clean water for 5 minutes, dried, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 80% for cultivation, and then naturally hatched into larvae; 3) Larval rearing: a single larva is placed in a rearing cup (3 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height, with a hole of 0.5 cm in diameter in the middle of the cover, which is sealed with a 60-mesh nylon screen), artificial feed is added to the cup, which is gently compacted, covered, and then placed in a rearing room (temperature 25°C, relative humidity 40%, light 16:8 (16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness), feed replaced once a month, reared to pupate, and the pupae are hatched into adult beetles.

[0023] Example 1: Select 50 adult Anoplophora nobilis, put them into a box prepared with fresh 2-year-old Acer mono branches and thick stems and nutrient solution, 10 adults per box, half male and half female, mate and lay eggs after 7 days, egg period 10 days, egg grains soaked in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, then rinsed with clean water for 5 minutes, dried, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 80% for cultivation. Hatched larvae. One newly hatched larva is introduced into each rearing cup, artificial feed is added, and the feed is divided into 10 grams per cup and placed in a healthy rearing room. The 1st instar larvae have a survival rate of 75%, and after 4 months, they develop into 5th instar larvae, then pupate successively, and the pupation rate is 88%.

[0024] Example 2: Select 50 adult Anoplophora nobilis, half male and half female, put them into a box prepared with fresh 2-year-old Populus branches and thick stems and nutrient solution, 10 adults per box, mate and lay eggs after 10 days, egg period 12 days, egg grains soaked in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, then rinsed with clean water for 5 minutes, dried, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 80% for cultivation. Hatched larvae. One newly hatched larva is introduced into each rearing cup, artificial feed is added, and the feed is divided into 10 grams per cup and placed in a healthy rearing room. The 1st instar larvae have a survival rate of 80%, and after 8-9 months, they develop into mature larvae, then pupate and hatch into adults, and the pupation rate is 85%.

[0025] Example 3: 80 adult Monochamus alternatus were selected, half of them were male and the other half were female, and were put into a box with 2-year-old fresh branches and thick stems of Pinus massoniana and nutrient solution, 10 adults were put into each box, and after 7 days, the adults mated and laid eggs, the egg period was 10 days, the egg grains were soaked in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, then washed with water for 5 minutes repeatedly, and dried to be used. The larvae were hatched in a temperature of 25℃ and a relative humidity of 80%. One newly hatched larva was put into each cup, artificial feed was added, the feed was divided into 10 grams for each cup, and was put into a healthy insect rearing room for feeding, the feed was replaced once a month, the survival rate of the 1st instar larvae was 78%, and after 4 months, the larvae developed into mature larvae, then pupated and hatched into adults, and the pupation rate was 87%.

[0026] As can be seen from the above examples, by analyzing the biological learning of the Monochamus subfamily of longicorn beetles and the nutritional requirements of the growth and development of the larvae, the above-mentioned broad-spectrum larval feed has been developed, and the large-scale artificial feeding of Anoplophora chinensis, Anoplophora nobilis, Monochamus alternatus, Monochamus pini and Dendrolimus punctatus has been realized. For many years, tens of thousands of test insects and a large amount of feed have been provided for many domestic scientific research units and colleges and universities, which has made contributions to the prevention and control of forest bark beetle pests in China. The feed formula also has the advantages of simple composition, convenient preparation, long shelf life of the feed, less replacement frequency and less labor during use, and lays a foundation for the development of artificial feeding technology of other types of longicorn beetles.

[0027] The above-mentioned examples only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A broad-spectrum feed that can be used for the artificial rearing of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Gnatifidae, characterized in that, It consists of the following components by weight percentage: Cellulose 20%, wheat germ powder 10%, yeast powder 6%, casein powder 5%, agar powder 2.5%, sucrose 0.8%, glucose 0.8%, Wechsler salt 0.8%, sorbic acid 0.6%, methylparaben 0.6%, vitamin C 0.4%, cholesterol 0.1%, choline chloride 0.1%, inositol 0.05%, riboflavin 0.0025%, folic acid 0.0015%, balance deionized water.

2. The broad-spectrum feed for artificial rearing of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Gnatifidae as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The longhorn beetles of the subfamily Gnonotinae include *Sclerotium glabra*, *Sclerotium glabra*, *Sclerotium pineense*, *Sclerotium spruceense*, *Sclerotium mulberryense*, *Sclerotium rustii*, or *Sclerotium moniliforme*.

3. The method for preparing a broad-spectrum feed for the artificial rearing of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Gnatifidae as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Add agar powder, sucrose, and glucose to 2 / 3 of the water and boil, stirring until well combined; 2) Add sorbic acid and methylparaben, and stir well; 3) Add 1 / 2 of the cellulose and other ingredients, and stir slowly until dissolved and thickened; 4) Add the remaining cellulose and mix well; 5) Dispense into feeding containers.

4. A method for artificially raising longhorn beetles of the subfamily Gnatifidae, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Egg collection: Place adult longhorn beetles in an adult rearing container. In each container, place 5-10 pairs of adults at a male-to-female ratio of 1:

1. Then, place tender branches, thick trunks, and nutrient solution suitable for their hosts in the container for them to feed on and supplement their nutrition, mate, and lay eggs. Collect the eggs every 2-3 days. 2) Disinfection and hatching of insect eggs: Soak the insect eggs in a 10v / v% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, then rinse them repeatedly with clean water for 5 minutes, air dry them, and then place them in an environment with a temperature of 25℃ and a relative humidity of 80% for cultivation until they hatch naturally into larvae. 3) Larval rearing: Place a single larva in a rearing cup, add the broad-spectrum feed as described in claim 1 or 2 to the cup, gently compact it, cover it, and then set the rearing cup in a rearing room with a temperature of 25°C, a relative humidity of 40%, and a light ratio of 16:8 until pupation. The pupae will then emerge as adult longhorn beetles.

5. The artificial rearing method for *Cephalopoda* of the subfamily Nephropinae as described in claim 4, characterized in that... The nutrient solution mentioned in step 1) is a 10wt% sucrose solution.

6. The artificial rearing method for *Cephalopoda* of the subfamily Araneae as described in claim 4, characterized in that... Step 3) The insect rearing cup is 3cm in diameter and 5cm in height. The lid of the insect rearing cup has a hole with a diameter of 0.5cm in the middle, which is sealed with 60-mesh nylon yarn.