Mineral flotation method based on different-charge multi-scale bubble cooperative regulation and control

Abstract

The invention relates to a mineral flotation method based on different-charge multi-scale bubble cooperative regulation and control, belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and solves the problems of low mineralization efficiency and high desorption probability in a coarse particle fluidized bed flotation process in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, system preparation; 2, starting the equipment; 3, separation is conducted, and initial collection of concentrate and tailings is completed; 4, dynamic adjustment is carried out; step 4.1, double inclination angles are cooperatively adjusted, so that the horizontal inclination angle of the strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble production arm is kept consistent with the horizontal inclination angle of the top of the micron-scale bubble production box; and step 4.2, dynamically adjusting the ultraviolet light intensity. According to the method, the ash content data of concentrate and tailings are collected in real time through the online ash content meter, the intensity of the ultraviolet light source is dynamically adjusted, accurate regulation and control over the surface charge characteristics of the intelligent microbubbles are achieved, a'monitoring-decision-execution-feedback 'closed-loop control loop is formed, it is ensured that the flotation process is stable and reliable, and the separation efficiency of coarse-grained minerals is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral processing technology, and in particular to a mineral flotation method based on the coordinated control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, fluidized bed flotation technology has become an important research direction in coarse particle flotation due to its ability to effectively suspend coarse particles and enhance the uniformity of particle distribution in the bed. This technology is a composite force field separation technology based on gravity-buoyancy coupling. By introducing rising water flow and bubbles to form a relatively stable gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized environment, it increases the residence time of particles in the reaction space and their contact opportunities with bubbles. Nevertheless, existing fluidized bed flotation equipment still suffers from two major technical bottlenecks: low mineralization efficiency and high desorption probability, making it difficult to meet the high-efficiency separation requirements of low-grade complex ores. For low-quality chimeric minerals, traditional bubbles are difficult to selectively adhere to the target minerals, and the large apparent gravity of coarse minerals leads to poor stability of the particle-bubble flocs, making them prone to desorption under the action of turbulent fields, resulting in poor separation effects. This is also a key technical challenge in the coarse particle flotation process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a coarse mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges, in order to solve the problems of low mineralization efficiency and high desorption probability in the existing coarse particle fluidized bed flotation process.

[0004] This invention provides a mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: System Preparation;

[0006] Step 2: Start the device;

[0007] Step 3: Sorting, completing the initial collection of concentrate and tailings;

[0008] Step 4: Dynamic adjustment;

[0009] Step 4.1: Adjust the dual tilt angles together to make the horizontal tilt angle of the strip millimeter-level bubble generating arm consistent with the top horizontal tilt angle of the micron-level bubble generating box;

[0010] Step 4.2: Dynamic adjustment of ultraviolet light intensity.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 4.1, when the gas content in the sidewall region of the column is less than 25% and the CV value is greater than 30%, the top horizontal tilt angle of the micron-sized bubble generation box is increased; where CV is the coefficient of variation of the bubble diameter.

[0012] Furthermore, when the gas holdup in the central region of the column is less than 25% and the CV value is greater than 30%, the top horizontal tilt angle of the micron-sized bubble generation box is reduced.

[0013] Furthermore, when the gas holdup of the sidewalls and central region of the column is stably maintained at 25–30% and CV≤30%, the top tilt angle of the current micron-sized bubble generation box is maintained.

[0014] Further, step 4.2 includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 4.2.1: Ash data acquisition;

[0016] Step 4.2.2: Intelligent decision-making;

[0017] Step 4.2.3: Implement control measures.

[0018] Further, in step 4.2.1, the ash content of the concentrate and tailings are monitored and collected in real time using a first ash content monitor and a second ash content monitor, respectively, to obtain the ash content difference:

[0019] ΔA = At ​​- Ac,

[0020] Where At represents the ash content of tailings and Ac represents the ash content of concentrate.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 4.2.2, a dynamic mapping model between ash difference and optimal ultraviolet light intensity is established. The empirical formula for the steady-state relationship model is:

[0022] I(t)=I0+K(ΔA target-ΔA(t)),

[0023] Where I(t) is the ultraviolet light intensity at time t, I0 is the reference light intensity, K is the proportional coefficient, ΔA_target is the target ash difference, and ΔA(t) is the real-time ash difference.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 4.2.3, the activation level of the surfactant is adjusted by using an ultraviolet lamp to control the surface charge intensity of the microbubbles.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 4.2.3, when |ΔA is detected... 实测 -ΔA 目标 When the UV intensity reaches 2%, a new round of UV light intensity adjustment will be automatically triggered.

[0026] Furthermore, the mineral flotation method employs a mineral flotation device.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) This invention is applicable to high-precision sorting of complex low-grade coarse-grained ores and has the technical advantages of high automation, strong adaptability and fast feedback adjustment. Compared with traditional coarse flotation equipment, this invention innovatively introduces a cylindrical micron-level bubble generation box and a strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generation arm structure. The column is divided from bottom to top into a "microbubble targeted mineralization zone - large bubble directional merging zone - gas floc efficient transport zone," constructing a novel separation system with "multi-polar charge - multi-scale bubble" synergistic control. This achieves multi-level enhancement of the entire coarse flotation process, breaking through the technical bottlenecks of low mineralization efficiency, high desorption probability, and insufficient buoyancy in traditional separation equipment. In addition, this invention constructs an intelligent flotation feedback system with ultraviolet light intensity control of bubble charge intensity and dual-tilt angle optimization of bubble spatial distribution as the core, forming a complete "monitoring-decision-execution-feedback" closed-loop control loop. It can achieve intelligent dynamic adjustment of flotation efficiency without the need for additional reagents, significantly reducing reliance on manual experience and reagent consumption, improving system response speed and process stability, and ultimately achieving the dual goals of intelligent optimization of the entire process and efficient resource utilization.

[0029] (2) The cylindrical micron-level bubble generating box and the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generating arm used in this invention are arranged from bottom to top, which has the technical advantages of clear structural partitioning and clear functional hierarchy. Compared with the traditional single bubble generator, this invention generates oppositely charged and multi-scale bubbles through a two-stage gas supply structure, and constructs a "multi-polar charge-multi-scale bubble" synergistic control mechanism, realizing multi-level enhancement of the entire process of coarse particle flotation, and breaking through the technical bottlenecks of low mineralization efficiency, high desorption probability and insufficient buoyancy in traditional separation equipment. The lower cylindrical micron-sized bubble generating chamber produces micron-sized bubbles with the opposite charge to the target mineral surface, allowing the charged microbubbles to be directionally adsorbed onto the target mineral surface, forming a structurally stable microbubble-mineral gas floc. This not only significantly enhances the sorting accuracy of complex low-grade ores but also improves the interfacial adhesion strength of the gas floc, providing structural stability for the subsequent merging process. The upper strip-shaped millimeter-sized bubble generating arm generates millimeter-sized bubbles with the opposite charge to the microbubbles, achieving directional merging with the microbubble-mineral gas floc. This significantly enhances the buoyancy of the gas floc, allowing it to quickly enter the high-efficiency transport zone at the top of the gas floc under low energy input conditions, reducing turbulent desorption caused by high-speed water flow, thereby achieving stable ascent and efficient collection.

[0030] (3) The present invention constructs an ultraviolet light intensity-controlled bubble charge intensity system, which can achieve precise control of flotation efficiency and form a complete "monitoring-decision-execution-feedback" closed-loop control loop, with the technical advantages of fast feedback response and high adjustment accuracy. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting flotation parameters by relying on manual experience, the present invention introduces an online ash analyzer to collect ash data of concentrate and tailings in real time, and uses a smart controller based on deep learning algorithm to perform multi-parameter fusion analysis, dynamically adjust the intensity of ultraviolet light source in the columnar micron-sized bubble generation box, thereby precisely controlling the activation degree of reagents, optimizing the surface charge intensity of micron-sized bubbles, effectively controlling the adhesion efficiency between bubbles and target mineral particles, avoiding over-sorting or particle coarsening, and achieving high-precision targeted mineralization without the need for additional reagents, significantly improving mineralization efficiency and sorting accuracy. It is suitable for the efficient sorting of complex low-grade ores and successfully solves the key technical problems of strong manual dependence, slow adjustment and large reagent consumption in traditional methods.

[0031] (4) The dual-tilt-angle optimized bubble spatial distribution system of the present invention integrates a bubble monitoring probe, an intelligent control unit, and a dual-tilt-angle (tilt angle of the top of the cylindrical micron-level bubble generation box and tilt angle of the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generation arm) adjustment unit, realizing real-time dynamic optimization of bubble distribution. Compared with the traditional fixed water distribution plate structure, the present invention monitors the bubble distribution status of the microbubble targeted mineralization zone and the large bubble directional coalescence zone in real time through the bubble probe. When uneven bubble distribution or low local gas holdup is detected, the system automatically adjusts the dual-tilt-angle to optimize the bubble movement trajectory and residence time, improve the spatial distribution uniformity of bubbles in the flotation column, enhance the probability of bubble-particle collision and the efficiency of gas floc coalescence, thereby effectively reducing the dependence on manual intervention and improving the automation and refinement level of the separation process.

[0032] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a mineral flotation method according to a specific embodiment;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mineral flotation device according to a specific embodiment;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flotation column in a specific embodiment;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a charged micron-sized bubble unit in a specific embodiment;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a charged millimeter-scale bubble unit in a specific embodiment.

[0039] Figure label:

[0040] 100-Flotation column; 101-Concentrate trough; 102-Column; 103-Tailings cone; 104-Concentrate discharge port; 105-Tailings discharge port; 106-Accident discharge port; 107-Slurry feed pipe; 108-Feed distributor; 109-Bubble monitoring sensor; 200-Charged micron-level bubble unit; 201-Micron-level bubble generation box; 202-Ultraviolet lamp; 203-Aeration stone; 204-First hydraulic cylinder; 300-Charged millimeter-level bubble unit; 301-Strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generation arm; 302-Second hydraulic cylinder; 303-Rubber vent; 304-Nylon vent; 400-Air pump; 500-Agitator; 600-PLC controller; 700-Intelligent controller; 800-First ash content monitor; 900-Second ash content monitor. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0042] A specific embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, a method based on multi-scale bubble coordination with opposite charges is disclosed, including the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: System preparation.

[0044] Before starting the equipment, ensure all safety checks are in place. First, confirm that the emergency discharge port 106 and tailings discharge port 105 are closed to ensure good system sealing and prevent leaks or malfunctions during operation. Additionally, check the integrity of all connections, valves, and pipelines to ensure all components are in normal operating condition, guaranteeing stable operation after equipment startup.

[0045] Step 2: Start the device.

[0046] Turn on the stirring tank 500 and add the photosensitive switching surfactant. Turn on the solenoid valve in the pipeline. The aqueous solution is pressurized by the centrifugal pump and enters the micron-level bubble generation box 201. Manually control the intelligent controller 700 to start the ultraviolet lamp 202 to activate the switching surfactant. Start the air pump 400 and control the air flow through the air flow valve (i.e., solenoid valve) and the gas flow meter. The micron-level bubbles (50-200μm in diameter) generated by the aeration stone 203 react with the activated switching surfactant to form charged microbubbles, which are evenly fed into the column 102 at an angle upward through the air outlet and water distribution hole. Simultaneously, the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generation arm 301 (horizontal tilt angle adjustable from 20-40°, preferably 30°) generates millimeter-level bubbles (1-2mm in diameter) and feeds them evenly into the column 102 at an angle downward.

[0047] Step 3: Sorting.

[0048] After the fluidization system in the flotation cell is running stably, the slurry is fed evenly into the flotation column 100 through the slurry feed pipe 107 and the feed distributor 108. The mineral particles enter the microbubble targeted mineralization zone. The charged microbubbles in this zone selectively adsorb onto the oppositely charged sites on the surface of the target mineral, forming a microbubble-mineral particle gas floc. The millimeter-sized large bubbles with opposite charges on their surfaces directionally capture and merge the microbubble-mineral particle gas floc through the attraction of opposite charges. This enhances the buoyancy of the gas floc and effectively reduces the probability of mineral desorption, allowing the concentrate to float rapidly to the concentrate tank 101 and be collected through the concentrate discharge port 104. The hydrophilic minerals slide evenly down the inclined surface at the top of the micron-sized bubble generation box 201 and sink, and are finally discharged through the tailings discharge port 105.

[0049] Step 4: Dynamic adjustment.

[0050] To achieve real-time optimization and adaptive control of the separation process, after the separation operation starts and the initial collection of concentrate and tailings is completed, the system implements coordinated intelligent adjustment of the top inclination angle of the micron-level bubble generating box 201 and the inclination angle of the strip millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301, and simultaneously performs closed-loop feedback control of ultraviolet light intensity. Through the PLC controller 600 and the intelligent controller 700, multi-parameter linkage optimization is achieved to ensure that the flotation process is continuously in a highly efficient and stable state.

[0051] Step 4.1: Dual tilt angle coordinated adjustment.

[0052] Bubble parameters in the sidewall and central regions of the flotation column 102 are monitored in real time by bubble monitoring sensors 109 arranged at different heights of the column 100. These parameters include the bubble holdup (%) and the uniformity of bubble size distribution (characterized by the coefficient of variation (CV) of bubble diameter).

[0053]

[0054] The standard deviation is the standard deviation of the bubble diameter of the bubble group detected by the bubble monitoring sensor 109, and the mean is the average of the bubble diameter of the bubble group detected by the bubble monitoring sensor 109.

[0055] Bubble monitoring sensor 109 collects data at a frequency of 100Hz and uploads it to PLC controller 600. The system dynamically adjusts the top tilt angle of the micron-level bubble generation box 201 according to the following region-specific strategy (adjustment range is 20–40°, control accuracy is ±0.5°):

[0056] When the gas content in the sidewall region of column 102 is less than 25% and the CV value is greater than 30%, it indicates that the large bubbles and microbubbles-mineral particles in this region are insufficiently merged and unevenly distributed. The PLC controls the increase of the top horizontal tilt angle of the micron-level bubble generation box 201 (approaching 40°) to prolong the residence time of microbubbles in the sidewall region and enhance the collision of bubbles and particles and the merger of the gas frame in this region.

[0057] When the gas content in the central region of column 102 is less than 25% and the CV value is greater than 30%, it indicates that the bubble merging effect in the central region is not good. The PLC controls the reduction of the top tilt angle of the micron-level bubble generation box 201 (approaching 20°) to increase the bubble escape rate in the central region and improve the dispersion uniformity.

[0058] When the gas holdup in the sidewall and central regions is stably maintained at 25–30% and CV≤30%, the bubbles in this region are uniformly distributed on the surface, and the current tilt angle is maintained to stabilize the sorting environment.

[0059] The horizontal tilt angle of the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301 and the top horizontal tilt angle of the micron-level bubble generating box 201 are controlled by the same linkage strategy. The PLC controller 600 receives the tilt angle value of the micron-level bubble generating box 201 and dynamically adjusts the tilt angle of the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301 through the second hydraulic cylinder 302 to ensure that the two are always consistent. This ensures that the millimeter-level large bubbles move obliquely downward at an angle that optimally matches the movement trajectory of the micron-level small bubbles, maximizing the collision probability and agglomeration efficiency of large bubbles and microbubbles-mineral gas flocs, while maintaining the stability and efficiency of the gas floc transport process. Through real-time monitoring and linkage control of the dual tilt angles, the synergistic unity of microbubble distribution optimization and precise control of large bubble movement trajectory is achieved, significantly improving the bubble-particle mineralization efficiency and gas floc stability, providing a key guarantee for the efficient separation of coarse-grained minerals.

[0060] In this embodiment, the tilt angle is automatically optimized by real-time monitoring of the bubble distribution: when uneven bubble distribution or local accumulation is detected, the tilt angle is dynamically adjusted to optimize the microbubble movement trajectory speed, extend its effective residence time in the mineralization zone, and enhance the uniformity of bubble dispersion; when the flow field is stable and the bubble distribution is uniform, the system maintains the optimal tilt angle to ensure a stable sorting environment. After the optimized charged microbubbles enter the microbubble adhesion zone, they can specifically adsorb onto the oppositely charged sites on the surface of the target mineral due to their controllable surface charge characteristics, forming a structurally stable microbubble-mineral particle gas floc, which significantly improves the mineralization adhesion efficiency and sorting accuracy.

[0061] Step 4.2: Dynamic adjustment of ultraviolet light intensity.

[0062] By combining ash content univariate feedback with deep learning algorithms, intelligent adjustment of ultraviolet light intensity is achieved, precisely controlling the surface charge intensity of microbubbles, thereby optimizing bubble-mineral adhesion efficiency. The specific adjustment process is as follows:

[0063] Step 4.2.1: Ash data acquisition.

[0064] First, high-precision online first ash content monitor 800 and second ash content monitor 900 synchronously detect and collect real-time data on concentrate ash content (Ac) and tailings ash content (At) (data acquisition interval 30s), and calculate the ash difference (ΔA). This key parameter directly reflects the quality of flotation. The ash difference is transmitted in real-time to the intelligent controller 700 as the core feedback quantity.

[0065] ΔA=At-Ac

[0066] Step 4.2.2: Intelligent decision-making.

[0067] The system establishes a dynamic mapping model between ash difference and optimal ultraviolet light intensity based on deep learning algorithms. The empirical formula for the steady-state relationship model is as follows:

[0068] I(t) = I0 + K(ΔA_target - ΔA(t))

[0069] Where I(t) is the ultraviolet light intensity at time t (mW / cm²) 2 I0 is the reference light intensity (mW / cm²). 2 K is the scaling factor, which is determined through training with a large amount of historical data; ΔA target is the target gray difference; ΔA(t) is the real-time gray difference.

[0070] This deep learning-based control method can automatically fit nonlinear relationships such as fluctuations in ore properties without the need for manual calibration of specific coefficients. It calculates the optimal light intensity adjustment through model calculations, greatly improving the system's adaptability and ensuring both rapid response and precise stability in control. Overall, the deep learning algorithm conforms to the following control principles: reducing ash difference increases ultraviolet light intensity; increasing ash difference maintains or reduces ultraviolet light intensity.

[0071] Step 4.2.3: Implement control measures.

[0072] The system, based on the calculated optimal light intensity value, adjusts the activation level of the surfactant using a high-precision adjustable UV lamp 202, achieving precise control over the surface charge intensity of microbubbles and thus optimizing bubble-mineral adhesion efficiency. After each adjustment, the system continuously monitors changes in ash content difference; when |ΔA| is detected... 实测 -ΔA 目标 When the flotation rate exceeds 2%, a new round of adjustment is automatically triggered (i.e., repeating steps 4.2.1-4.2.3), forming a complete closed-loop control loop of "monitoring-decision-execution-feedback" to keep the flotation process in optimal condition at all times.

[0073] This embodiment collects ash content data of concentrate and tailings in real time every 30 seconds using an online ash analyzer. The data is then analyzed by a smart controller 700 based on a deep learning algorithm, which performs multi-parameter comprehensive analysis and dynamically adjusts the intensity of the ultraviolet light source. This achieves precise control of the surface charge characteristics of the intelligent microbubbles, forming a closed-loop control circuit of "monitoring-decision-execution-feedback". Compared with traditional methods that rely on manual experience, have adjustment lags, and consume large amounts of reagents, this method significantly improves the stability and reliability of the flotation process without the need for additional reagents. It not only greatly improves the separation efficiency of coarse minerals but also achieves intelligent optimization of the entire process and efficient utilization of resources.

[0074] This embodiment integrates an intelligent feedback adjustment system, constructs a complete closed-loop control network, and realizes dynamic optimization and intelligent adjustment of sorting parameters. It not only significantly improves sorting efficiency and significantly reduces the probability of desorption of coarse minerals, but also its multi-scale intelligent bubble control system can be dynamically adjusted according to different mineral characteristics. It has wide process adaptability and outstanding technical advancement, providing an innovative technical solution for the efficient sorting of complex and difficult-to-process ores.

[0075] The mineral flotation apparatus used in this embodiment is described below, such as... Figure 2As shown, the mineral flotation device includes a flotation column 100, a charged micron-sized bubble unit 200, and a charged millimeter-sized bubble unit 300. Both the charged micron-sized bubble unit 200 and the charged millimeter-sized bubble unit 300 are located inside the flotation column 100, with the charged millimeter-sized bubble unit 300 positioned above the charged micron-sized bubble unit 200. The surface charge of the bubbles generated by the charged micron-sized bubble unit 200 is opposite to that of the bubbles generated by the charged millimeter-sized bubble unit 300. The directional charged microbubbles generated by the charged micron-sized bubble unit 200 selectively adsorb onto the oppositely charged sites on the surface of the target mineral, significantly improving mineralization adhesion efficiency and separation accuracy. The large bubbles with opposite surface charges generated by the charged millimeter-sized bubble unit 300 directionally capture and agglomerate the microbubbles and mineral aggregates below, effectively reducing the mineral desorption probability while enhancing the buoyancy of the gas flocs, thus greatly improving separation efficiency.

[0076] like Figure 2 As shown, the flotation column 100 includes, from top to bottom, a concentrate tank 101, a column 102, and a tailings cone 103. The concentrate tank 101 is equipped with a concentrate discharge port 104, and the tailings cone 103 is equipped with a tailings discharge port 105 and an emergency discharge port 106. (The diagram shows the tailings discharge port 106 and the emergency discharge port 105.)

[0077] Preferably, the column 102 has a cylindrical structure, and the tailings cone 103 has a conical structure. The cone angle of the tailings cone 103 is 30-40°, preferably 35°.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, the inner cavity of column 102 is divided into a microbubble targeted mineralization zone, a large bubble directional agglomeration zone, and a gas floc high-efficiency transport zone from bottom to top. The microbubble targeted mineralization zone is used for the formation of microbubbles and the adsorption of microbubbles with target minerals. The large bubble directional agglomeration zone is used for the formation of large bubbles and the agglomeration of large bubbles with microbubble-mineral aggregates. The gas floc high-efficiency transport zone is used for the transport of concentrate.

[0079] Considering the slurry feed, such as Figure 2 As shown, the flotation column 100 also includes a slurry feed pipe 107 and a feed distributor 108, which are located at the upper part of the column body 102. Specifically, the feed distributor 108 is located inside the column body 102, one end of the slurry feed pipe 107 is connected to the feed distributor 108, and the other end extends out of the column body 102 from the top of the column body 102.

[0080] To monitor in real time the particle size distribution, gas holdup, and dispersion uniformity of bubbles in different regions within the flotation column 100, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, multiple bubble monitoring sensors 109 are provided along the height direction of the column 102.

[0081] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the charged micron-sized bubble unit 200 includes a micron-sized bubble generating chamber 201 and an ultraviolet lamp 202. The micron-sized bubble generating chamber 201 is located inside the flotation column 100, approximately at the junction of the column body 102 and the tailings cone 103. The ultraviolet lamp 202 is connected to the side wall of the micron-sized bubble generating chamber 201 and is arranged in a ring array, ensuring uniform illumination within the micron-sized bubble generating chamber 201.

[0082] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the charged micron-sized bubble unit 200 also includes an aeration stone 203, which is disposed inside the micron-sized bubble generation box 201, approximately at half the height of the box. The top of the micron-sized bubble generation box 201 is provided with air distribution holes.

[0083] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the top of the micron-sized bubble generation box 201 has a conical or umbrella-shaped structure. Due to the inclined design of the top of the micron-sized bubble generation box 201, the microbubbles move along the inclined surface in an upward trajectory, which prolongs the residence time of the microbubbles, increases the probability of collision with mineral particles, and avoids concentrated rising and local accumulation of bubble clusters, ensuring that the microbubbles are uniformly distributed within the flotation column 100. Simultaneously, it facilitates the rapid sliding of gangue particles along the inclined surface under the action of water flow and their own weight, achieving efficient gangue removal.

[0084] The top tilt angle of the micron-level bubble generation chamber 201 can be adjusted from 20-40°. This adjustable tilt angle allows for adjustments when the bubble monitoring sensor 109 detects uneven bubble distribution or a low probability of agglomeration. This increases the top tilt angle to prolong the microbubble residence time and enhance the agglomeration effect of the gas flocs. If an excessively large tilt angle leads to decreased bubble uniformity, the tilt angle is reduced accordingly. By dynamically adjusting the top tilt angle, the movement trajectory of the microbubbles can be optimized, their residence time prolonged, and the probability of collision with mineral particles increased. Simultaneously, it prevents the concentrated rise and local accumulation of bubbles, ensuring a uniform distribution of microbubbles within the flotation zone.

[0085] Specifically, the top of the micron-level bubble generation chamber 201 is divided into multiple lobes, each lobe connected to a first hydraulic cylinder 204 (located inside or on top of the micron-level bubble generation chamber 201), which adjusts the top tilt angle of the micron-level bubble generation chamber 201. Considering that multiple lobes form a conical top when combined, gaps will occur between the lobes after they unfold. Two adjacent lobes are connected with an elastic material (such as TPU) so that the top can still form a near-conical top after unfolding. Understandably, the elastic material has holes for microbubbles to pass through. Multiple charged millimeter-level bubble units 300 are provided, and the multiple charged millimeter-level bubble units 300 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the column 102. Preferably, there are 6 charged millimeter-level bubble units 300, and the 6 charged millimeter-level bubble units 300 are evenly distributed around the axis of the column 102.

[0086] In this embodiment, multiple charged millimeter-level bubble units 300 are evenly distributed in a ring above the charged micrometer-level bubble unit 200. The charged millimeter-level bubble units 300 generate large bubbles with opposite charges and uniformly feed them downward into the column 102. Through the attraction of opposite charges, the microbubbles and mineral particles are captured and merged in a directional manner. While enhancing the buoyancy of the gas flocs, the probability of mineral desorption is effectively reduced, so that the concentrate can be quickly floated to the concentrate tank 101.

[0087] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the charged millimeter-scale bubble unit 300 includes a strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301 and a second hydraulic cylinder 302. The strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301 is inclinedly disposed inside the column 102, with one end connected to the inner wall of the column 102 and the other end being a free end, which is inclined upward toward the axis of the column 102. One end of the second hydraulic cylinder 302 is connected to the inner wall of the column 102, and the other end is connected to the upper side wall of the strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301. Driven by the second hydraulic cylinder 302, the tilt angle of the strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301 can be adjusted, and the tilt angle of the strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301 is adjustable from 20° to 40°.

[0088] In this embodiment, the charged large bubbles generated by the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301 are fed into the large bubble directional agglomeration zone at a downward angle. Through the attraction of opposite charges, the directional capture and agglomeration of the microbubbles and mineral aggregates below are achieved, enhancing the buoyancy of the flocs. This allows the flocs to float even with a relatively low upward water flow, achieving the dual benefits of water conservation and energy reduction. The array-type strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301 also plays a role in stabilizing the flow, effectively suppressing the intensity of turbulence inside the flotation machine and reducing the desorption of coarse particles caused by turbulence. This provides a reliable guarantee for the stable and efficient separation of coarse minerals, not only improving the flotation kinetics performance but also realizing the greening and intelligentization of the process.

[0089] The PLC controller 600 receives real-time data on bubble size distribution, gas content, and dispersion uniformity from the bubble monitoring sensor 109. By controlling the second hydraulic cylinder 302, it precisely adjusts the tilt angle of the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301 to optimize the movement trajectory of large bubbles and increase their collision probability with the microbubble-mineral gas flocs below.

[0090] like Figure 5 As shown, rubber vents 303 and nylon vents 304 are provided along the length of the strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301, and the rubber vents 303 and nylon vents 304 are alternately arranged along the length of the strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301. Through the triboelectric effect, the surface of the generated large bubbles carries a specific charge: the rubber vents 303 generate large bubbles with negatively charged surfaces, while the nylon vents 304 generate large bubbles with positively charged surfaces. Considering that vents capable of generating different electrical charges are alternately arranged at the bottom of the strip-shaped millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301, in order to control the opening of the rubber vents 303 and nylon vents 304 as needed, it is understandable that both the rubber vents 303 and nylon vents 304 are controlled by solenoid valves.

[0091] In this embodiment, the lower part of the strip millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301 is arranged with alternating rubber vent holes 303 and nylon vent holes 304, and the vent holes of each material are independently controlled by the PLC controller 600. The rubber vent holes 303 or nylon vent holes 304 can be selectively opened according to process requirements to ensure that the surface of the generated large bubble has the opposite charge characteristics to the microbubbles below.

[0092] In order to deliver gas into the strip millimeter-scale bubble generating arm 301, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the mineral flotation apparatus also includes an air pump 400, which supplies gas to the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301 and the micrometer-level bubble generating chamber 201. Understandably, the strip-shaped millimeter-level bubble generating arm 301 and the micrometer-level bubble generating chamber 201 are connected to the air pump 400 via pipelines. Liquid flow meters and solenoid valves are installed in the pipelines.

[0093] To introduce a switching surfactant into the micron-sized bubble generation chamber 201, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the mineral flotation apparatus also includes a stirring tank 500 for preparing a photosensitive switching surfactant solution, the stirring tank 500 being connected to a micron-sized bubble generation box 201 via a pipeline. Understandably, the pipeline includes a liquid flow meter, a solenoid valve, and a centrifugal pump.

[0094] The photosensitive photosensitive surfactant solution in the 500-ton mixing tank is activated by light irradiation. To adapt to the target mineral, the agent is divided into two types: anionic photosensitive surfactants based on spiropyran (such as N-hexadecylspiropyran) are electrically neutral without light irradiation, but are activated by ultraviolet light and impart a negative charge to the bubble surface; cationic photosensitive surfactants based on azobenzene (such as azobenzenetrimethylammonium bromide) can impart a positive charge to the bubble surface under ultraviolet light excitation. By adjusting the ultraviolet light intensity, the charge density on the bubble surface can be precisely controlled, achieving dynamic regulation of the charge intensity. In practical applications, a matching photosensitive agent is selected based on the surface charge characteristics of the target mineral (such as isoelectric point)—when the mineral surface is positively charged, anionic photosensitive surfactants based on spiropyran are used to generate negatively charged bubbles, and vice versa, cationic photosensitive surfactants based on azobenzene are used to generate positively charged bubbles. This directional charging mechanism ensures the adsorption of opposite charges between the bubbles and the target mineral, significantly improving mineralization selectivity and adhesion efficiency.

[0095] like Figure 2 As shown, the mineral flotation device also includes an intelligent controller 700, a first ash content monitor 800, and a second ash content monitor 900. The first ash content monitor 800 and the second ash content monitor 900 synchronously detect and collect data on the ash content of the concentrate and tailings, respectively, and transmit the data to the intelligent controller 700 in real time. Simultaneously, the intelligent controller 700 is also used to start the ultraviolet lamp 202.

[0096] This embodiment utilizes the synergistic effect of multi-scale intelligent bubbles to achieve precise control and efficient separation of coarse-grained fluidized bed flotation. The cylindrical micron-sized bubble generation box 201 at the bottom of the column 102 generates micron-sized bubbles with the opposite charge to the target mineral surface, causing the charged microbubbles to be directionally adsorbed onto the target mineral surface, forming a structurally stable microbubble-mineral gas floc. This not only significantly enhances the separation accuracy of complex low-grade ores but also improves the interfacial adhesion strength of the gas floc, providing structural stability for the subsequent agglomeration process. The strip-shaped millimeter-sized bubble generation arm 301 at the top of the column 102 generates millimeter-sized bubbles with the opposite charge to the microbubbles, achieving directional agglomeration with the microbubble-mineral gas floc. This significantly enhances the buoyancy of the gas floc, allowing it to quickly enter the high-efficiency transport zone at the top of the gas floc under low energy input conditions, reducing turbulent desorption caused by high-speed water flow, thereby achieving stable ascent and efficient collection. This invention improves the sorting efficiency and accuracy of coarse-grained minerals by coupling opposite charges with multi-scale bubbles, and is particularly suitable for the efficient and stable sorting of low-grade, coarse-grained, and complex ores.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges, characterized in that, The steps include the following: Step 1: System preparation; Step 2: Start the device; Step 3: Sorting, completing the initial collection of concentrate and tailings; Step 4: Dynamic adjustment; Step 4.1: Adjust the dual tilt angles together to make the horizontal tilt angle of the strip millimeter-level bubble generating arm consistent with the top horizontal tilt angle of the micron-level bubble generating box; Step 4.2: Dynamic adjustment of ultraviolet light intensity.

2. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4.1, when the gas content in the sidewall region of the column is less than 25% and the CV value is greater than 30%, the top horizontal tilt angle of the micron-sized bubble generation box is increased; where CV is the coefficient of variation of the bubble diameter.

3. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the gas holdup in the central region of the column is less than 25% and the CV value is greater than 30%, reduce the top horizontal tilt angle of the micron-sized bubble generation box.

4. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the gas holdup of the sidewalls and central region of the column is stably maintained at 25–30% and CV≤30%, the current top tilt angle of the micron-sized bubble generation box is maintained.

5. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 4.2 includes the following steps: Step 4.2.1: Ash data acquisition; Step 4.2.2: Intelligent decision-making; Step 4.2.3: Implement control measures.

6. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 4.2.1, the ash content of the concentrate and tailings are monitored and collected in real time using a first ash content monitor and a second ash content monitor, respectively, to obtain the ash content difference: ΔA = At ​​- Ac, Where At represents the ash content of tailings and Ac represents the ash content of concentrate.

7. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 4.2.2, a dynamic mapping model between ash difference and optimal ultraviolet light intensity is established. The empirical formula for the steady-state relationship model is as follows: I(t)=I0+K(ΔA target-ΔA(t)), Where I(t) is the ultraviolet light intensity at time t, I0 is the reference light intensity, K is the proportional coefficient, ΔA_target is the target ash difference, and ΔA(t) is the real-time ash difference.

8. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 4.2.3, the activation level of the surfactant is adjusted by using an ultraviolet lamp to control the surface charge intensity of the microbubbles.

9. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 4.2.3, when |ΔA is detected... 实测 -ΔA 目标 When the UV intensity reaches 2%, a new round of UV light intensity adjustment will be automatically triggered.

10. The mineral flotation method based on the synergistic control of multi-scale bubbles with opposite charges according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The mineral flotation method employs a mineral flotation device.

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