Intelligent automobile fault warning system based on Internet of Vehicles and early warning method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent automobile fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles and an early warning method thereof. The system comprises a supporting assembly, a light reflecting assembly, a warning lamp assembly and an intelligent control early warning module. The supporting assembly comprises a fixing plate, a first supporting leg, a second supporting leg and at least one third supporting leg. The light reflecting assembly comprises a first light reflecting plate, a second light reflecting plate and a third light reflecting plate; the first reflecting plate can adopt two assembling and fixing modes to respectively adapt to a manual fixing scene and a full-automatic unfolding scene; the intelligent control early warning module is integrated in the device and comprises a main controller, an attitude sensor, a positioning module and an Internet of Vehicles communication module. According to the invention, through two assembling modes of hinged linkage of the supporting legs and the reflectors and the first reflector, one-key rapid unfolding without additional locking parts is realized, and beyond-visual-range early warning is realized by virtue of linkage of the attitude sensor, the main controller and the positioning / Internet of Vehicles module, so that secondary accidents are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive safety technology, and in particular to an intelligent vehicle fault warning system and its early warning method based on the Internet of Vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous surge in car ownership, vehicle breakdowns and stops on highways and ordinary roads are becoming increasingly frequent. As a core safety device for preventing secondary accidents, the reliability and functional integrity of vehicle malfunction warning devices are crucial to road traffic safety. However, current vehicle malfunction warning devices on the market still suffer from multiple technical deficiencies, failing to meet the demands of modern intelligent transportation for "rapid deployment, stable warnings, and proactive alerts." Specific problems include: Traditional passive reflective warning signs have prominent problems: these signs rely solely on the reflection of lights from vehicles behind them for warning, resulting in poor warning effectiveness in fog, rain, at night, or on curves; they also require drivers to place them by hand, exposing them to traffic and posing a high safety risk; furthermore, they can only provide a passive warning and cannot notify vehicles behind them in advance, leaving drivers with little reaction time and increasing the risk of secondary accidents.

[0003] The existing improved device structure still has shortcomings: some modular devices require manual assembly, which is time-consuming and results in a loose structure after assembly; folding devices require adjustment of each leg and multiple operations of locking components, making them troublesome to fold and unfold, and there is no stable structure between the legs, resulting in poor overall rigidity. They are prone to tipping over under the impact of high-speed traffic or on uneven road surfaces, making it impossible to provide a stable warning.

[0004] Lack of intelligent linkage and proactive early warning capabilities: With the development of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, information exchange can be achieved between vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. However, existing warning devices do not integrate intelligent modules such as attitude detection, positioning, and V2X communication. They cannot automatically identify their own extension and retraction status, nor can they proactively broadcast information such as the fault location to vehicles behind them. They cannot achieve beyond-line-of-sight warnings and are unable to meet the needs of road safety and intelligent transportation.

[0005] In summary, existing vehicle fault warning devices have significant shortcomings in three aspects: mechanical structure (deployment and retraction efficiency, stability), warning capability (warning distance, method), and intelligent integration (module collaboration, automatic linkage). There is an urgent need for an integrated system that can combine "rapid deployment and retraction mechanical structure," "multi-dimensional warning function," and "vehicle-to-everything (V2X) intelligent early warning" to completely solve the pain points of high driver operation risk, delayed warning, and poor adaptability, improve safety in road fault scenarios, and promote the upgrade of fault warning devices to intelligent transportation data nodes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an intelligent vehicle fault warning system and its early warning method based on the Internet of Vehicles. It can achieve one-click quick deployment without additional locking parts through two assembly methods: hinged linkage between the support leg and the reflector and the first reflector, so as to shorten the driver's dwell time in traffic and reduce personal risk; and achieve beyond-line-of-sight warning through the linkage of attitude sensor-main controller-positioning / Internet of Vehicles module to reduce secondary accidents.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this invention discloses an intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles, comprising a support component, a reflector component, a warning light component, and an intelligent control and early warning module; The support assembly includes a fixed plate, a first support leg, a second support leg, and at least one third support leg; the reflector assembly includes a first reflector, a second reflector, and a third reflector; the head of the second reflector, the head of the first support leg, the head of the third reflector, and the head of the second support leg are sequentially attached to and hinged to the bottom surface of the fixed plate; the bottom of the second reflector is fixed to the bottom of the first support leg, the bottom of the third reflector is fixed to the bottom of the second support leg, and the bottom of the first reflector is attached to and hinged to the bottom of the second reflector; The first reflector adopts a first assembly and fixing method: the head of the first reflector is provided with a groove facing the back of the second reflector, and the bottom surface of the third reflector is provided with a protrusion, the groove being used to fit onto the protrusion to fix the head of the first reflector; or, the first reflector adopts a second assembly and fixing method: the first reflector includes a first sub-reflector and a second sub-reflector, the first end of the first sub-reflector is hinged and fixed to the bottom of the third reflector, the second end is hinged and fixed to the first end of the second sub-reflector, and the second end of the second sub-reflector is hinged and fixed to the bottom of the second reflector; The intelligent control and early warning module is integrated inside the device and includes a main controller, an attitude sensor, a positioning module, and a vehicle network communication module. The attitude sensor is used to detect whether the device is in the deployed state, the positioning module is used to obtain geographical location information, and the vehicle network communication module is used to send early warning messages. The warning light assembly is fixed to the mounting plate and is used for emitting light to warn. The main controller is electrically connected to the attitude sensor, the positioning module, the vehicle network communication module and the warning light assembly respectively. When the attitude sensor detects that the device has been deployed, it triggers the positioning module to obtain the location information and controls the vehicle network communication module to broadcast an early warning message.

[0008] As an optional implementation, the first aspect of the present invention further includes a power supply module; the power supply module includes a standard battery compartment, a USB-C charging interface, a built-in rechargeable battery, a charging management circuit, and a power management circuit; the standard battery compartment is compatible with various types of dry cell batteries, and the USB-C charging interface is electrically connected to the built-in rechargeable battery through the charging management circuit for charging the rechargeable battery; the input terminal of the power management circuit is electrically connected to the standard battery compartment and the built-in rechargeable battery respectively, and the output terminal is electrically connected to the intelligent control warning module and the warning light assembly respectively, providing adaptive operating voltage for both; the power supply module also supports three power supply methods: dry cell battery power supply, built-in rechargeable battery power supply, and USB external power supply.

[0009] As another optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the early warning message includes fault status information and message validity period identifier.

[0010] As another optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the positioning module is a GPS module or a Beidou positioning module, the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication module is a C-V2X module, and the main controller is an MCU microcontroller.

[0011] As another optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the surfaces of the first reflector, the second reflector and the third reflector are all provided with a color marking layer; the central area of ​​the color marking layer is a red reflective coating or a red reflective film, and the outer ring around the central red area is a yellow reflective coating or a yellow reflective film.

[0012] As another optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, a lighting assembly is further included; a mounting position is provided at the center of the top surface of the fixing plate, and the warning light assembly is fixed to the fixing plate through the mounting position; the warning light assembly is used to emit flashing light to realize fault warning, and the lighting assembly is used to emit constant light to realize ambient lighting; the lighting assembly and the warning light assembly are stacked and share the same mounting base.

[0013] As another optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the warning light assembly includes at least one red light warning LED; the lighting assembly includes at least one white light lighting LED; the outer side wall of the warning light assembly is provided with a first independent switch for controlling the warning light assembly, the first independent switch being electrically connected to the power supply module; the outer side wall of the lighting assembly is provided with a second independent switch for controlling the lighting assembly, the second independent switch being electrically connected to the power supply module.

[0014] As another optional implementation, in the first aspect of the invention, the housing of the warning light assembly is made of a non-metallic material, and a wave-transparent window made of plastic material is provided on its side corresponding to the position of the positioning module and the vehicle network communication module.

[0015] As another optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the positioning module and the vehicle network communication module are arranged in a layered layout within the device, and a non-metallic partition is provided between them. The non-metallic partition is used to reduce mutual interference between the communication signal and the positioning signal, while avoiding signal attenuation.

[0016] The second aspect of this invention discloses a method for early warning of intelligent vehicle faults based on the Internet of Vehicles, used in the intelligent vehicle fault warning system as described in the first aspect of this invention, comprising the following steps: S1: Detect whether the intelligent vehicle fault warning device changes from a retracted state to an extended state using an attitude sensor; S2: When the device is detected to be deployed, the main controller automatically triggers the positioning module to obtain real-time geographic coordinates; S3: The main controller controls the vehicle network communication module to construct and broadcast an early warning message, which includes at least a message type identifier, the geographic coordinates, and a timestamp; S4: The vehicle behind receives the warning message through its onboard unit; S5: The vehicle system of the following vehicle analyzes the warning message, calculates the relative distance and direction between itself and the fault location, and issues a warning to the driver when the relative distance is less than a preset threshold.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: This invention employs a linked structure where the support leg and reflector head are sequentially hinged, and the bottom is fixed / hinged. Combined with two assembly methods—either a "groove with a protrusion" for the first reflector (manual quick engagement) or "two reflectors hinged" (synchronous deployment without fixation)—it achieves "one-click rapid deployment without additional locking components." A single driver can complete deployment within ten seconds, significantly reducing time spent in traffic and fundamentally lowering safety risks during placement. Through the linkage logic of "attitude sensor - main controller - positioning / communication module," after deployment, the attitude sensor triggers the main controller to automatically activate the positioning module to obtain high-precision coordinates and controls the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication module (such as C-V2X) to broadcast early warning messages, achieving "beyond visual range warning." This provides drivers of following vehicles with ample reaction time (especially at high speeds, allowing for 5-10 seconds of advance warning), fundamentally solving the problem of "warning lag" and significantly reducing the risk of rear-end collisions and other secondary accidents. Accident incidence rate; the support legs and reflectors form a "three-dimensional linkage frame," which is highly rigid after deployment and can withstand the impact of high-speed traffic airflow or minor collisions; at the same time, the warning light assembly is fixed to the fixed plate to prevent the warning position from shifting due to device shaking; combined with the dual visual warning of passive reflection by the reflector and active illumination by the warning light, it can still stably transmit warning signals even in low visibility environments such as rain, fog, and night, adapting to complex road conditions; two assembly and fixing methods for the first reflector are provided: "groove sleeve protrusion" is suitable for users who prefer "manual confirmation of fixing" (ensuring proper engagement), and "two-reflector hinge" is suitable for users who pursue "fully automatic deployment" (no additional operation required), with two solutions covering different user operating habits; at the same time, the core structure of the support components and intelligent modules is not changed, taking into account "operational certainty" and "ease of use," solving the limitations of existing devices that "have a single fixing method and cannot adapt to diverse needs," and improving the product's applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of an intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a bottom view structural diagram of an intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure viewed from below; Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an intelligent vehicle fault early warning method based on the Internet of Vehicles disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 See Figures 1-6 This invention discloses an intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles, including a support component 1, a reflector component 2, a warning light component 3, and an intelligent control and early warning module; The support assembly 1 includes a fixed plate 14, a first support leg 11, a second support leg 12, and at least one third support leg 13; the reflector assembly 2 includes a first reflector 21, a second reflector 22, and a third reflector 23; the head of the second reflector 22, the head of the first support leg 11, the head of the third reflector 23, and the head of the second support leg 12 are sequentially attached to and hinged to the bottom surface of the fixed plate 14; the bottom of the second reflector 22 is fixed to the bottom of the first support leg 11, the bottom of the third reflector 23 is fixed to the bottom of the second support leg 12, and the bottom of the first reflector 21 is attached to and hinged to the bottom of the second reflector 22; The first reflector 21 adopts a first assembly and fixing method: the head of the first reflector 21 is provided with a groove 211 facing the back of the second reflector 22, and the bottom surface of the third reflector 23 is provided with a protrusion 231. The groove 211 is used to fit onto the protrusion 231 to fix the head of the first reflector 21; or, the first reflector 21 adopts a second assembly and fixing method: the first reflector 21 includes a first sub-reflector 21a and a second sub-reflector 21b. The first end of the first sub-reflector 21a is hinged and fixed to the bottom of the third reflector 23, and the second end is hinged and fixed to the first end of the second sub-reflector 21b. The second end of the second sub-reflector 21b is hinged and fixed to the bottom of the second reflector 22.

[0022] The intelligent control and early warning module is integrated inside the device and includes a main controller, an attitude sensor, a positioning module, and a vehicle network communication module. The attitude sensor is used to detect whether the device is in the deployed state, the positioning module is used to obtain geographical location information, and the vehicle network communication module is used to send early warning messages. The warning light assembly 3 is fixed on the fixing plate 14 and is used for emitting light to warn. The main controller is electrically connected to the attitude sensor, the positioning module, the vehicle network communication module and the warning light assembly 3 respectively. When the attitude sensor detects that the device is deployed, it triggers the positioning module to obtain the location information and controls the vehicle network communication module to broadcast the warning message.

[0023] This invention employs a linkage structure where the support legs and reflector head are sequentially hinged, and the bottom is fixed / hinged. Combined with two assembly methods for the first reflector 21—either a "groove 211 with a protrusion 231" (manual quick engagement) or "two reflectors hinged" (synchronous deployment without fixation)—it achieves "one-click rapid deployment without additional locking components." A single driver can complete deployment within ten seconds, significantly reducing time spent in traffic and fundamentally lowering personal safety risks during placement. Through the linkage logic of "attitude sensor - main controller - positioning / communication module," after deployment, the attitude sensor triggers the main controller to automatically activate the positioning module to obtain high-precision coordinates and control the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication module. The broadcast warning message enables "beyond visual range warning," providing drivers of following vehicles with ample reaction time (especially in high-speed scenarios, it can predict the situation 5-10 seconds in advance), fundamentally solving the problem of "warning lag" and significantly reducing the incidence of secondary accidents such as rear-end collisions. The support legs and reflector form a "three-dimensional linkage frame," which is highly rigid after deployment and can withstand the impact of high-speed traffic airflow or minor collisions. At the same time, the warning light assembly 3 is fixed to the fixing plate 14 to prevent the warning position from shifting due to device shaking. Combining the passive reflection of the reflector and the active illumination of the warning light, the dual visual warning can reliably transmit warning signals even in low-visibility environments such as rain, fog, and night, adapting to complex road conditions. Two assembly and fixing methods for the first reflector 21 are provided: see Figures 1-4 The "groove 211 set with protrusion 231" is suitable for users who prefer "manual confirmation of fixation" (to ensure proper engagement). See [link / reference]. Figures 5-6 The "two-reflector hinge" is suitable for users who pursue "fully automatic deployment" (no additional operation required). The two solutions cover different user operating habits. At the same time, it does not change the core structure of the support component 1 and the intelligent module, taking into account both "operational certainty" and "ease of use", solving the limitation of existing devices that "have a single fixing method and cannot adapt to diverse needs", and improving the applicability of the product.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, a power supply module is also included; the power supply module includes a standard battery compartment, a USB-C charging port, a built-in rechargeable battery, a charging management circuit, and a power management circuit; the standard battery compartment is compatible with various types of dry cell batteries, and the USB-C charging port is electrically connected to the built-in rechargeable battery through the charging management circuit for charging the rechargeable battery; the input terminal of the power management circuit is electrically connected to the standard battery compartment and the built-in rechargeable battery respectively, and the output terminal is electrically connected to the intelligent control and warning module and the warning light assembly respectively, providing adaptive operating voltage for both; the power supply module also supports three power supply methods: dry cell battery power supply, built-in rechargeable battery power supply, and USB external power supply.

[0025] In another optional embodiment, the warning message includes fault status information and a message validity period identifier.

[0026] In yet another optional embodiment, the intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the positioning module is a GPS module or a Beidou positioning module, the Internet of Vehicles communication module is a C-V2X module, and the main controller is an MCU microcontroller.

[0027] In this embodiment, the GPS / BeiDou module can acquire centimeter-level geographic coordinates, solving the warning deviation problem caused by the "ambiguity of location" of traditional warning signs; the C-V2X module enables low-latency interaction between vehicles (V2V) and roadside equipment (V2I), ensuring that warning information is transmitted rapidly within a 2-kilometer range, meeting the core requirement of "beyond line-of-sight warning". The MCU microcontroller is a low-power chip that can reduce power consumption during continuous operation, extending battery life in conjunction with the power supply module, while also possessing strong environmental adaptability (such as high and low temperature scenarios), preventing the entire warning system from being paralyzed due to a failure of the main controller.

[0028] In another optional embodiment, a lighting assembly 4 is also included; a mounting position is provided at the center of the top surface of the fixing plate 14, and the warning light assembly 3 is fixed to the fixing plate 14 through the mounting position; the warning light assembly 3 is used to emit flashing light to realize fault alarm, and the lighting assembly 4 is used to emit constant light to realize ambient lighting; the lighting assembly 4 and the warning light assembly 3 are stacked and share the same mounting base.

[0029] This embodiment fills the "blind spot in low-light environment operation": when there is a malfunction at night or in a tunnel, the lighting component 4 emits a constant light, which can illuminate the area around the warning sign, making it easier for the driver to avoid bumps (such as road gravel, potholes) when unfolding the device. At the same time, there is no need to carry additional flashlights or other tools, improving portability. The stacking arrangement and shared base design avoid the problem of excessive storage volume caused by the separation of the light groups. When folded, it can still fit into the small space of the car trunk, without affecting the overall portability of the device. At the same time, the two light groups have independent functions (warning + lighting) and do not interfere with each other, improving the applicability in multiple scenarios.

[0030] In another optional embodiment, the bottom surface of the fixing plate 14 is provided with at least two pairs of parallel vertical plates 7, each pair of vertical plates 7 having a coaxial hinge hole; the hinge fixing is achieved by rotating the connecting nail 8 through the hinge hole of the vertical plate 7 and the through hole of the corresponding reflector head and / or support leg head.

[0031] In another optional embodiment, the surfaces of the first reflector 21, the second reflector 22 and the third reflector 23 are all provided with a color marking layer; the central area 51 of the color marking layer is a red reflective coating or a red reflective film, and the outer ring 52 surrounding the central red area is a yellow reflective coating or a yellow reflective film.

[0032] In this embodiment, red is the core color for fault warning, and its high visibility allows vehicles behind to identify it from a distance; yellow has strong penetrating power (especially in fog, rain, and nighttime scenarios), and the design around the red area can expand the visual warning range, solving the problem of traditional single-color reflectors being "not visible at a distance and failing in bad weather"; the reflective coating / film must comply with national standards to ensure product compliance; the "red + yellow" color scheme conforms to the driver's visual perception of "danger warnings" (such as the color scheme commonly used in traffic warning signs), further shortening the recognition reaction time.

[0033] In another optional embodiment, the warning light assembly 3 is connected to the fixing plate 14 via a universal connector 6; the universal connector 6 includes a lamp holder 61, a connecting rod 62, a sleeve 63, and a movable ball 64. The lamp holder 61 is used to fix the warning light assembly 3; the bottom of the sleeve 63 is integrally formed or fixedly connected to the fixing plate 14, and the sleeve 63 is a hollow structure without a top opening, with a small opening on the side communicating with the top opening; the movable ball 64 is rotatably disposed in the hollow cavity of the sleeve 63, one end of the connecting rod 62 is fixedly connected to the lamp holder 61, and the other end passes through the top opening of the sleeve 63, extends into the hollow cavity, and is fixedly connected to the movable ball 64; the small opening is used to cooperate with the locking component to adjust or fix the rotation state of the movable ball 64.

[0034] In this embodiment, the cooperation between the movable ball 64 and the sleeve 63 enables the warning light to rotate in multiple directions (e.g., adjusting the light head towards the downhill direction on a slope, or towards the oncoming traffic direction on a curve), ensuring that vehicles behind can clearly see the warning light under different driving directions and road conditions, thus solving the problem of "not being able to see in some directions" with traditional fixed-angle warning lights. The opening at the top of the sleeve 63 provides ample space for the connecting rod 62 to rotate, and the small opening, together with the locking component, can be fixed at any angle, adapting to diverse scenarios such as highways, national roads, and rural roads, improving the environmental adaptability of the device.

[0035] In another optional embodiment, the universal connector 6 is also equipped with a locking wrench 65, which is threaded to the outer wall of the sleeve 63 and has one end inserted into the hollow cavity of the sleeve 63. By tightening or releasing the movable ball 64 with the locking wrench 65, the rotation of the movable ball 64 can be restricted or restored, respectively. The inner wall of the sleeve 63 is provided with a wear-resistant coating, and the outer surface of the movable ball 64 is provided with a smooth wear-resistant layer. The wear-resistant coating and the smooth wear-resistant layer cooperate to reduce rotational friction loss.

[0036] In this embodiment, the locking wrench 65 is connected to the movable ball 64 by a threaded connection, which can firmly fix the adjusted angle and prevent the lamp head from shifting due to vehicle airflow or slight collision. This solves the problem of "easy loosening" of the traditional universal structure and ensures the stability of the warning. The wear-resistant coating on the inner wall of the sleeve 63 cooperates with the smooth wear-resistant layer of the movable ball 64 to reduce frictional wear caused by long-term rotation, prevent premature wear of parts from causing adjustment failure, improve the overall durability of the device, and reduce the replacement frequency.

[0037] In another optional embodiment, the warning light assembly 3 includes at least one red light warning LED, and the outer wall of the warning light assembly 3 is provided with a first independent switch, which is electrically connected to the power supply module; if a lighting assembly 4 is provided, it includes at least one white light lighting LED, and the outer wall is provided with a second independent switch, which is electrically connected to the power supply module.

[0038] In another optional embodiment, the edges of the first reflector 21, the second reflector 22 and the third reflector 23 are provided with rounded corner structures, and the back is provided with reinforcing ribs along the length direction; the inner wall of the sleeve 63 is provided with a wear-resistant coating, and the outer surface of the movable ball 64 is provided with a smooth wear-resistant layer.

[0039] In this embodiment, the rounded corners of the reflector edges prevent hand injuries when unfolding / folding, solving the safety hazard of traditional right-angle reflectors that are prone to causing injury. The reinforcing ribs on the back are set along the length direction to enhance the reflector's resistance to bending and deformation, preventing damage to the reflector due to collision or compression. The wear-resistant layers of the sleeve 63 and the movable ball 64 reduce rotational friction, and together with the reinforcing ribs to protect the reflector, the device can withstand outdoor high and low temperatures, rain erosion, and other environments for a long time, improving product durability and reducing user replacement costs.

[0040] In another optional embodiment, the housing of the warning light assembly is made of a non-metallic material, and its side is provided with a wave-transparent window made of plastic material at the position corresponding to the positioning module and the vehicle network communication module.

[0041] In another optional embodiment, the positioning module and the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication module are arranged in a layered layout within the device, with a non-metallic partition between them; the non-metallic partition is made of plastic to reduce mutual interference between the communication signal and the positioning signal, while also preventing signal attenuation.

[0042] Example 2 See Figure 7 This invention discloses a method for early warning of intelligent vehicle faults based on the Internet of Vehicles, used in the intelligent vehicle fault warning system as described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps: S1: Detects whether the intelligent vehicle fault warning device changes from a retracted state to an extended state using an attitude sensor.

[0043] In this embodiment, at least one of the following detection methods can be used for specific detection: 1. Detection based on "support leg unfolding angle" The heads of the support legs (first / second / third support legs) and the reflector heads are sequentially hinged to the bottom surface of the fixed plate. When unfolded, the support legs rotate around the hinge points, and the "angle" between them and the bottom surface of the fixed plate is the key to distinguishing the state: An attitude sensor (which can be an angle sensor or a gyroscope) is installed at the hinge between the support leg and the fixed plate (or integrated near the main controller, which detects the overall angle and associates the support leg status). The "folding angle threshold" (e.g., ≤10°, the support leg is in contact with the fixed plate) and the "expansion angle threshold" (e.g., ≥50°, the support leg forms a triangular support) are preset. When the driver pulls the support leg to extend, the attitude sensor collects the angle data between the support leg and the fixed plate in real time. If the data jumps from "≤10°" to "≥50°" and remains stable (excluding short-term angle fluctuations caused by misoperation), the device will determine whether it is "folded" or "extended" and transmit the signal to the main controller.

[0044] This method directly matches the mechanical design of "articulated rapid deployment and retraction", ensuring that the detection and structural movement are synchronized, and avoiding the problem of "misjudgment when not fully deployed".

[0045] 2. Detection based on "overall tilt and height of the device" Based on the device's "flat" shape (low height, uniform tilt) when folded and "three-dimensional" shape (increased height, stable tilt) when unfolded, the attitude sensor can detect it through the following dimensions: Tilt detection: A triaxial accelerometer-type attitude sensor is used to collect tilt data of the device along the X / Y / Z axes. When folded, the device is mostly laid flat (e.g., stored in the trunk), and the tilt data is concentrated (e.g., Z-axis tilt ≤ 5°); when unfolded, the device is placed upright on the ground, and the Z-axis tilt increases to 85°-90° (close to vertical), and due to the stability of the triangular support structure, the tilt data fluctuates little (excluding slight shaking caused by wind); Height correlation detection: The attitude sensor can indirectly correlate the device's height changes (calculated through tilt and angle data). When folded, the device's height is about 5-10cm, and when unfolded, it reaches 30-50cm. When the sensor detects that the "height calculation value is ≥25cm and stable", it helps to determine the "unfolded state".

[0046] This method is suitable for "rapid deployment and retraction" scenarios. It does not require precise installation on the support leg and can be detected simply by the overall posture, reducing the difficulty and cost of sensor installation.

[0047] 3. Linkage detection based on "first reflector deployment status" Depending on the two fixing methods of the first reflector, its unfolded state is the core indicator of the device being "fully unfolded," and the attitude sensor can be used in conjunction with this structure to assist in detection: If it is a "groove-protrusion" structure: after the groove at the head of the first reflector is fitted with the protrusion at the bottom of the third reflector, the overall structure of the device is locked (without loosening). When the attitude sensor detects that "angle fluctuation range ≤ 2°" (structure is stable), it can be determined that it is "fully deployed" (avoiding the misjudgment of "half-deployment" when the support legs are not fully deployed or the reflector is not locked). If it is a "two-sub-reflector hinged" structure: the two sub-reflectors (first sub-reflector / second sub-reflector) unfold to the "fitted state" with the support leg, and the attitude sensor detects that "the relative angle between the two sub-reflectors is ≤5°" (forming a complete reflective surface), then it can be determined to be in the "unfolded state".

[0048] This method ensures that the test results are strongly correlated with "the device has complete warning functions" (reflective surface deployed, structural stability), avoiding invalid tests where "only the supporting legs are deployed but no effective warning is generated".

[0049] S2: When the device is detected to be deployed, the main controller automatically triggers the positioning module to obtain real-time geographic coordinates.

[0050] S3: The main controller controls the vehicle network communication module to build and broadcast early warning messages.

[0051] The early warning message shall include at least a message type identifier, the geographic coordinates, and a timestamp.

[0052] S4: The vehicle behind receives the warning message through the on-board unit.

[0053] S5: The vehicle system of the following vehicle analyzes the warning message, calculates the relative distance and direction between itself and the fault location, and issues a warning to the driver when the relative distance is less than a preset threshold.

[0054] This embodiment of the invention, through S3 "Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication module broadcasting early warning messages," can transmit early warning information to the rear. Combined with the S4-S5 process of "rear vehicle receiving - parsing - calculating relative distance - early warning notification," this allows rear drivers to predict the fault location 5-10 seconds in advance, completely overcoming the distance limitation of "visual warnings" and fundamentally reducing the probability of secondary accidents. In this embodiment, S1 "attitude sensor detecting deployment status" requires no additional driver intervention (such as pressing a button or setting parameters). After the device is deployed, S2 "automatic triggering of positioning" and S3 "automatic broadcasting of messages" complete the entire process. The process is completed collaboratively by the main controller, matching the rapid deployment and retraction mechanical structure advantages of Embodiment 1 (deployment completed within 15 seconds). It also avoids manual operation by the driver in dangerous environments, reduces dwell time, and avoids the error of "manual start delay warning", ensuring that the warning function takes effect immediately. In this embodiment, S2 obtains accurate coordinates through the positioning module, and together with S3 "early warning message including message type identifier, geographic coordinates, and timestamp", it can effectively distinguish "fault warning" from other V2X messages (avoiding misjudgment), and at the same time, it filters out expired information (such as after the faulty vehicle has been removed) through timestamp.

[0055] In an optional embodiment, in step S5, the warning prompt method includes at least one of voice prompt, vehicle display pop-up prompt, and light flashing prompt; the warning message also includes vehicle type information.

[0056] This embodiment specifies at least one of "voice prompts, in-vehicle display pop-up prompts, and flashing light prompts": Voice prompts (such as "There is a disabled vehicle in the emergency lane 500 meters ahead, please slow down and give way") can directly convey key information, suitable for scenarios where drivers are focused on driving and cannot easily check the screen; pop-up prompts (displaying the location and distance of the fault) can provide visual information, suitable for scenarios with low noise or voice interference; flashing light prompts (such as dashboard warning lights) can quickly attract attention through visual stimulation, suitable for scenarios where drivers are fatigued or distracted; the three methods complement each other, greatly reducing the risk of "missed alarms" caused by ignoring a single prompt and improving the reliability of warnings.

[0057] This embodiment supplements the message with "vehicle type information" (such as small cars, large trucks, and buses): when the vehicle behind is a small car, if the disabled vehicle is a large truck (occupying a wider area of ​​the road and taking longer to clear), the avoidance distance can be increased and the speed reduced in advance; if the disabled vehicle is a small car (occupying a smaller area of ​​the road), the avoidance method can be flexibly selected (such as changing lanes when approaching). This design upgrades the warning from "vague prompts" to "precise guidance", helping the driver behind to formulate a more reasonable risk avoidance strategy based on the type of disabled vehicle, and further reducing avoidance errors caused by incomplete information.

[0058] In yet another optional embodiment, a device rapid deployment calibration step is included prior to step S1: If the first reflector is fixed by the first assembly and fixing method, after the attitude sensor detects that the support component has been stably deployed, the main controller triggers the positioning module to perform 1-3 consecutive positioning samplings, discards the sampling data with deviations exceeding the preset range, and takes the average value of the remaining sampling data as the final real-time geographic coordinates. If the first reflector adopts the second assembly and fixing method, after the main controller detects that the two sub-reflectors are fully unfolded and attached, it directly triggers the positioning module to obtain the single real-time geographic coordinates.

[0059] On highways, vehicles typically travel at speeds of 80-120 km / h, covering approximately 22-33 meters per second. If the fault location is only 1-2 meters off, following vehicles may misjudge their "avoidance distance" and "lane position" based on warning messages (e.g., misjudging the faulty vehicle as being in the emergency lane when it is actually in the main lane), potentially leading to incorrect evasive maneuvers by the driver. In this embodiment, the first assembly and fixing method requires manual engagement, which carries the risk of "incomplete engagement" (e.g., protrusions not fully embedded in the grooves, support legs not extended to a triangular stable angle), causing slight wobbling of the device. Following the "single-time positioning" logic, the coordinates might deviate by 0.5-1 meter, failing to meet the "high precision" requirement. The "multiple sampling + deviation elimination" design in this embodiment is precisely to avoid the accuracy issues caused by this instability and is a "necessary calibration step" for this structure. The second assembly and fixing method involves synchronous deployment, unfolding to a fitted state simultaneously with the support legs, requiring no additional fixing. Once unfolded, it is naturally stable, with a lower risk of wobbling. If the "multiple sampling" logic is followed, it will not only delay the warning start time (sampling 1-2 more times will take 1-2 seconds, and every second will affect the risk avoidance response in high-speed scenarios), but will also consume additional battery power (the intelligent 3-in-1 specification 3.2 requires "battery life of more than 72 hours"), which is a "waste of accuracy". Therefore, the "single positioning" design here is a choice that balances "accuracy" with "efficiency and power consumption".

[0060] In yet another optional embodiment, an adaptive brightness adjustment step for the LED warning light is also included: After the support component is deployed, the main controller reads the ambient brightness data collected by the light sensor in real time. When the ambient brightness is lower than the preset brightness threshold, the controller controls the warning light component to switch to high-brightness strobe mode; when the ambient brightness is higher than the preset brightness threshold, the controller controls the warning light component to switch to normal flashing mode to balance the warning effect and power consumption.

[0061] In another optional embodiment, in step S3, the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication module is a C-V2X module, the broadcast period of the early warning message is a preset fixed period, and the broadcast range is a 2-kilometer radius area centered on the fault location.

[0062] In another optional embodiment, in step S3, when the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication module is an LPWAN communication module, the alarm message sending process includes: The main controller packages geographic coordinates, timestamps, and message type identifiers into data frames and uploads them to the cloud platform via the LPWAN communication module; After verifying and parsing the data frame, the cloud platform pushes warning information to user apps that have registered and enabled the warning function within a preset range (e.g., 1-3 kilometers) centered on the fault location. The warning information includes the map coordinates and distance prompts of the fault location.

[0063] In another optional embodiment, the main controller detects the locking status of the universal joint and, after confirming that the angle is fixed, fine-tunes the message broadcast direction parameters of the vehicle network communication module to ensure that the broadcast direction of the warning message is consistent with the illumination direction of the warning light.

[0064] After the device is deployed, the driver adjusts the illumination angle of the warning light assembly by rotating the connecting rod of the universal connector. When the target angle is reached, the driver tightens the locking wrench to press the movable ball to fix the angle. In this embodiment, a locking test is then performed, and the specific test method is as follows: 1. Core Solution: Detects the clamping force between the locking wrench and the moving ball using a pressure sensor. (1) Installation of detection elements and signal acquisition A miniature pressure sensor (suitable for the hollow space in the sleeve and does not affect the rotation of the movable ball) is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve at the position corresponding to the insertion end of the locking wrench; this sensor is electrically connected to the main controller.

[0065] When the locking wrench is turned to the "locked position", the wrench's inserted end presses against the movable ball. After being compressed, the movable ball squeezes the pressure sensor on the inner wall of the sleeve, and the sensor generates a pressure electrical signal (the signal strength increases with the increase of the tightening force). When the wrench is turned in the opposite direction to the "unlocked state", the wrench separates from the moving ball, the squeezing force of the moving ball on the sensor disappears, and the pressure signal drops to zero or below the preset threshold.

[0066] (2) Status judgment logic of the main controller The main controller presets a "locking pressure threshold" (set based on the actual usage scenario of the device, such as the electrical signal value corresponding to the minimum clamping force to ensure that the movable ball is completely fixed). If the pressure sensor signal received by the main controller is greater than or equal to the locking pressure threshold, the universal connector is determined to be in the "locked state" (the warning light angle is fixed). If the signal is less than the locking pressure threshold, it is determined to be in an "unlocked state" (the warning light angle is adjustable).

[0067] 2. Auxiliary solution: The movement position of the locking wrench is detected by a limit switch. (1) Installation of detection element and signal triggering A miniature limit switch (or position sensor) is installed on the threaded connection section of the locking wrench. The trigger end of the limit switch is linked to the rotation stroke of the wrench; the switch is also electrically connected to the main controller.

[0068] The locking wrench and socket are connected by a thread. During its rotation, there is a fixed stroke between a "locked position" and an "unlocked position". When the wrench is turned to the "locked position", the end of the wrench triggers the limit switch, which closes and generates a conduction signal. When the wrench is turned back to the "unlocked position", the trigger end disengages, the limit switch opens, and the electrical signal is interrupted.

[0069] (2) Status determination of the main controller The main controller determines this by detecting the "on / off" state of the limit switches: If the limit switch signal is on, it is determined to be in "locked state"; if the signal is off, it is determined to be in "unlocked state".

[0070] This solution eliminates the need for contact with the moving ball, making it suitable for scenarios with higher requirements for the space inside the sleeve, and also simplifies the detection logic.

[0071] In another optional embodiment, a power status monitoring and alert step is also included: the main controller reads the remaining battery power data of the power supply module in real time; when the remaining power is lower than a first preset threshold (e.g., 20%), it controls the warning light assembly to switch to a low-power flashing mode and sends a "low battery warning" alert message to the vehicle unit of the faulty vehicle through the vehicle network communication module; when the remaining power is lower than a second preset threshold (e.g., 10%), it controls the vehicle network communication module to increase the frequency of sending warning messages (e.g., from 3 seconds / time to 1 second / time), and at the same time triggers the warning light assembly to emit intermittent red warning light to remind the driver to retract the device in time.

[0072] In another optional embodiment, in step S5, after calculating the relative distance and direction, the vehicle system of the following vehicle further includes a risk level classification step: if the relative distance is less than a first threshold (e.g., 500 meters) and the deviation of the following vehicle's driving direction from the fault location direction is less than 10°, it is determined to be "high risk," triggering the vehicle system to issue an urgent voice prompt, a red pop-up window on the display screen, and steering wheel vibration; if the relative distance is between 500 and 1000 meters and the direction deviation is between 10° and 30°, it is determined to be "medium risk," triggering a regular voice prompt and a yellow pop-up window on the display screen; if the relative distance is greater than 1000 meters or the direction deviation is greater than 30°, it is determined to be "low risk," and only a text prompt is displayed in the corner of the display screen to avoid excessive interference with the driver.

[0073] The content disclosed in the embodiments of this invention is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and is used only to illustrate the technical solutions of the invention, not to limit it. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles, characterized in that, Includes support components, reflective components, warning light components, and intelligent control and early warning modules; The support assembly includes a fixed plate, a first support leg, a second support leg, and at least one third support leg; the reflector assembly includes a first reflector, a second reflector, and a third reflector; the head of the second reflector, the head of the first support leg, the head of the third reflector, and the head of the second support leg are sequentially attached to and hinged to the bottom surface of the fixed plate; the bottom of the second reflector is fixed to the bottom of the first support leg, the bottom of the third reflector is fixed to the bottom of the second support leg, and the bottom of the first reflector is attached to and hinged to the bottom of the second reflector; The first reflector adopts a first assembly and fixing method: the head of the first reflector is provided with a groove facing the back of the second reflector, and the bottom surface of the third reflector is provided with a protrusion, the groove being used to fit onto the protrusion to fix the head of the first reflector; or, the first reflector adopts a second assembly and fixing method: the first reflector includes a first sub-reflector and a second sub-reflector, the first end of the first sub-reflector is hinged and fixed to the bottom of the third reflector, the second end is hinged and fixed to the first end of the second sub-reflector, and the second end of the second sub-reflector is hinged and fixed to the bottom of the second reflector; The intelligent control and early warning module is integrated inside the device and includes a main controller, an attitude sensor, a positioning module, and a vehicle network communication module. The attitude sensor is used to detect whether the device is in the deployed state, the positioning module is used to obtain geographical location information, and the vehicle network communication module is used to send early warning messages. The warning light assembly is fixed to the mounting plate and is used for emitting light to warn. The main controller is electrically connected to the attitude sensor, the positioning module, the vehicle network communication module and the warning light assembly respectively. When the attitude sensor detects that the device has been deployed, it triggers the positioning module to obtain the location information and controls the vehicle network communication module to broadcast an early warning message.

2. The intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply module; the power supply module includes a standard battery compartment, a USB-C charging port, a built-in rechargeable battery, a charging management circuit, and a power management circuit; the standard battery compartment is compatible with various types of dry cell batteries, and the USB-C charging port is electrically connected to the built-in rechargeable battery through the charging management circuit for charging the rechargeable battery; the input terminals of the power management circuit are electrically connected to the standard battery compartment and the built-in rechargeable battery respectively, and the output terminals are electrically connected to the intelligent control and warning module and the warning light assembly respectively, providing adaptive operating voltage for both; the power supply module also supports three power supply methods: dry cell battery power supply, built-in rechargeable battery power supply, and USB external power supply.

3. The intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The warning message includes fault status information and message validity period identifier.

4. The intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning module is a GPS module or a Beidou positioning module, the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication module is a C-V2X module, and the main controller is an MCU microcontroller.

5. The intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surfaces of the first reflector, the second reflector, and the third reflector are all provided with a color marking layer; the central area of ​​the color marking layer is a red reflective coating or a red reflective film, and the outer ring around the central red area is a yellow reflective coating or a yellow reflective film.

6. The intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a lighting assembly; the top surface of the fixing plate has a mounting position in the center, and the warning light assembly is fixed to the fixing plate through the mounting position; the warning light assembly is used to emit flashing light to realize fault warning, and the lighting assembly is used to emit constant light to realize ambient lighting; the lighting assembly and the warning light assembly are stacked and share the same mounting base.

7. The intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The warning light assembly includes at least one red light warning LED; the lighting assembly includes at least one white light lighting LED; the outer wall of the warning light assembly is provided with a first independent switch for controlling the warning light assembly, the first independent switch being electrically connected to the power supply module; the outer wall of the lighting assembly is provided with a second independent switch for controlling the lighting assembly, the second independent switch being electrically connected to the power supply module.

8. The intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell of the warning light assembly is made of non-metallic material, and its side is provided with a wave-transparent window made of plastic material at the position corresponding to the positioning module and the vehicle network communication module.

9. The intelligent vehicle fault warning system based on the Internet of Vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning module and the vehicle network communication module are arranged in a layered layout within the device, with a non-metallic partition between them. This non-metallic partition is used to reduce mutual interference between communication signals and positioning signals, while also preventing signal attenuation.

10. A method for intelligent vehicle fault early warning based on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, used in the intelligent vehicle fault warning system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Detect whether the intelligent vehicle fault warning device changes from a retracted state to an extended state using an attitude sensor; S2: When the device is detected to be deployed, the main controller automatically triggers the positioning module to obtain real-time geographic coordinates; S3: The main controller controls the vehicle network communication module to construct and broadcast an early warning message, which includes at least a message type identifier, the geographic coordinates, and a timestamp; S4: The vehicle behind receives the warning message through its onboard unit; S5: The vehicle system of the following vehicle analyzes the warning message, calculates the relative distance and direction between itself and the fault location, and issues a warning to the driver when the relative distance is less than a preset threshold.

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