Electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge and method of using same

Abstract

The invention provides an electric heating shock-resistant leading edge and a using method thereof.The electric heating shock-resistant leading edge comprises an outer side skin, a leading edge heating layer, a leading edge inner skin, an energy absorption structure layer, an energy absorption inner skin, ribs and a control module which are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode from outside to inside, the energy absorption structure comprises a Z-shaped body and a supporting body, one end of the supporting body is connected with the end of the Z-shaped body, the other end of the supporting body is connected with a bent portion of the Z-shaped body, the Z-shaped body is connected to the front edge inner skin, the supporting body is made of negative thermal expansion materials, and a probe is arranged at the position, corresponding to the supporting body, of the rib and comprises a pressure sensor and a distance monitor. And the probe and the front edge heating layer are electrically connected to the control module. The electric heating deicing function of bird impact resistance and automatic control of the front edge structure is achieved, the temperature control reliability is improved, the structural weight is reduced, and the technical problems of temperature control, bird impact resistance, structural weight reduction and the like are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aircraft manufacturing technology, and more particularly, to an electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge and a method of using the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the enhancement of energy resources and environmental protection awareness, aircrafts are being converted from traditional fuel-driven to electric-driven, and the aircraft wing leading edge, as a component that provides the main aerodynamic lift to the aircraft, faces the dual risks of leading edge icing and bird impact during take-off in complex weather and low-altitude flight. Once the leading edge of the aircraft ices, it will seriously affect the aerodynamic performance and cause serious flight accidents. Bird impact can cause damage to the key lines in the leading edge box section, affecting the aircraft attitude control system and causing serious impact on flight safety.

[0003] The existing aircraft ice leading edge structure generally adopts the following schemes to solve the problem of anti-bird impact and de-icing: 1) the aircraft leading edge surface is provided with airbags, built-in heating materials or engine bleed air, etc. to achieve de-icing; 2) the aircraft leading edge uses thick metal or is internally provided with a large number of partitions or beams, etc. to prevent the bird body from penetrating into the box section. The above schemes need to pay a large weight cost and cost, and the traditional electric heating de-icing method needs to embed temperature control lines, etc. The scheme is complex, the reliability is poor, the single electric heating material cannot solve the problem of anti-bird impact of the leading edge, and the electric heating control and control components realized by a thermocouple have a short service life, resulting in high application cost of the structure. In addition, the direct contact of the electric heating material with the rear structure will also consume a lot of energy. Increasing the blocking structure in the leading edge box section to block the bird body will greatly increase the weight. SUMMARY

[0004] (I) Technical problems to be solved The technical problem to be solved by the present application is that the existing aircraft has the technical problems of easy icing and large structure weight for anti-bird impact.

[0005] (II) Technical scheme To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: In a first aspect, the present application provides an electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge, comprising an outer skin, a leading edge heating layer, a leading edge inner skin, an energy-absorbing structure layer, an energy-absorbing inner skin, and a rib, which are sequentially stacked from outside to inside, and a control module, wherein the energy-absorbing structure layer comprises a plurality of energy-absorbing structures, each of which comprises a Z-shaped body and a support body, one end of the support body is connected to an end of the Z-shaped body, the other end of the support body is connected to a bent portion of the Z-shaped body, the Z-shaped body is connected to the leading edge inner skin, the support body is made of a negative thermal expansion material, the rib is provided with a probe at a position corresponding to the support body, the probe comprises a pressure sensor and a distance monitor, and the probe and the leading edge heating layer are both electrically connected to the control module.

[0006] Preferably, the electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge further comprises a support beam connected to the rib.

[0007] Preferably, the electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge further comprises a magnetic sheet, the Z-shaped body is made of a magnetic material, and the energy-absorbing inner skin is provided with the magnetic sheet at a position corresponding to the Z-shaped body.

[0008] Preferably, the distance between the leading edge inner skin and the energy-absorbing inner skin is 5-15 mm, the height of the energy-absorbing structure is equal to the distance between the leading edge inner skin and the energy-absorbing inner skin when the leading edge heating layer is not in operation, the Z-shaped body is attracted by the magnetic sheet, and the bottom of the energy-absorbing structure is tightly attached to the energy-absorbing inner skin.

[0009] Preferably, the electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge further comprises a connecting gasket provided at both ends of the electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge, one side of the connecting gasket is connected to the leading edge inner skin, and the other side of the connecting gasket is connected to the energy-absorbing inner skin.

[0010] Preferably, the linear expansion coefficient of the support body is not greater than -5*10 -6 / K, and the thermal conductivity is not less than 1 W / (m*K).

[0011] Preferably, the support body is made of zirconium tungstate or zirconium molybdate.

[0012] Preferably, the outer skin and the leading edge inner skin are both made of a metal material, the thermal conductivity is not less than 75 W / (m*K), and the temperature resistance is not less than 150℃.

[0013] Preferably, the leading edge heating layer is made of an electrically heated material, is adhesively connected to the outer skin and the leading edge inner skin, has a heating temperature range of -80℃-400℃, a temperature rising speed of not less than 10℃ / s, and a maximum power density of not less than 15kW / m 2 .

[0014] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a use method of the electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge according to any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps: When the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the support body is cold-expanded, the support body abuts against the probe, the pressure of the pressure sensor in the probe is higher than the set value, and the control module controls the leading edge heating layer to start to work in an energized mode. The heat generated by the electric heating of the leading edge heating layer is conducted to the outer skin and the support body through the inner skin of the leading edge, the support body is heated and shrinks to separate from the energy-absorbing inner skin, a cavity is formed between the inner skin of the leading edge and the energy-absorbing inner skin, the height of the cavity is not less than 2 mm, the contact type heat conduction is blocked, and the heat energy loss is reduced. When the distance monitor monitors that the distance of the support body is greater than 2.5 mm, the control module controls the leading edge heating layer to stop working.

[0015] (Three) beneficial effects The above technical scheme of the present application has at least the following advantages: The present application uses the energy-absorbing structure arranged between the two skins, in the bird collision process, the structure is extruded to thicken locally, the bird collision resistance is realized, and the structure weight is reduced; the material of the support body is a negative thermal expansion material, which has the characteristics of thermal shrinkage and cold expansion, and can expand in a low-temperature environment to trigger the pressure sensor, and the leading edge heating layer is started to heat through the control module, so that the deicing is realized; when heated to a certain temperature, the heat is conducted to the support body, the support body shrinks, the distance monitor monitors that the distance of the support body is less than a preset value, the leading edge heating layer is closed for heating through the control module, the temperature regulation and energy saving are realized. And in the heating process, the energy-absorbing structure is separated from the energy-absorbing inner skin, so that a cavity exists between the two structures, direct contact heat conduction is avoided, heat energy loss is reduced, and heat energy efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 is a structure diagram of the electric heating anti-impact leading edge in a low-temperature state provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0018] Figure 2 is Figure 1 is a local enlarged view of the A area in the figure.

[0019] Figure 3 is a structure diagram of the energy-absorbing structure in a low-temperature state provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0020] Figure 4 is a structure diagram of the electric heating anti-impact leading edge in a heating state provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0021] Figure 5 is Figure 4 is a local enlarged view of the B region in FIG. 4.

[0022] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an energy-absorbing structure in a heating state provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] In the drawings: 1, outer skin; 2, leading edge heating layer; 3, leading edge inner skin; 4, energy-absorbing structure layer; 5, energy-absorbing inner skin; 6, rib; 7, support beam; 8, magnetic suction sheet; 9, connecting gasket; 41, energy-absorbing structure; 61, probe; 411, Z-shaped body; 412, support body; 4111, end portion; 4112, bending portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the technical problems to be solved by the present application, technical solutions and beneficial effects more clearly understood, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not intended to limit the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0026] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used to facilitate the description of the present application, and do not indicate that the device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0027] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating relative importance or indicating the number of technical features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific implementation of the present application will be described in more detail below in combination with specific embodiments: As Figures 1 to 6As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides an electric heating anti-impact leading edge, which comprises, from outside to inside, an outer skin 1, a leading edge heating layer 2, a leading edge inner skin 3, an energy absorption structure layer 4, an energy absorption inner skin 5, a rib 6, and a control module (not shown), wherein the energy absorption structure layer 4 comprises a plurality of energy absorption structures 41, the energy absorption structure 41 comprises a Z-shaped body 411 and a support body 412, one end of the support body 412 is connected to an end portion 4111 of the Z-shaped body 411, the other end of the support body 412 is connected to a bending portion 4112 of the Z-shaped body 411, the Z-shaped body 411 is connected to the leading edge inner skin 3, the material of the support body 412 is a negative thermal expansion material, the rib 6 is provided with a probe 61 at a position corresponding to the support body 412, the probe 61 comprises a pressure sensor and a distance monitor, and the probe 61 and the leading edge heating layer 2 are both electrically connected to the control module.

[0028] In one of the embodiments, a support beam 7 is further included, and the support beam 7 is connected to the rib 6. Specifically, the support beam 7 enhances the supporting force of the rib 6, disperses the bird strike impact energy, prevents local collapse, and prolongs the service life of the leading edge. At the same time, the beam structure is lightweight, avoiding additional weight burden.

[0029] In one of the embodiments, a magnetic attraction piece 8 is further included, and the Z-shaped body 411 is a magnetic material, and the energy absorption inner skin 5 is provided with the magnetic attraction piece 8 at a position corresponding to the Z-shaped body 411. Specifically, in the embodiment, the Z-shaped body 411 is preferably made of steel material. Specifically, the probe 61 on the rib 6 is a cylindrical probe, the pressure sensor of which is embedded in the rib 6, and the exposed surface of the pressure sensor is in contact with the energy absorption structure 41. In the structural room temperature state, the contact pressure is 0N, the Z-shaped body 411 of the energy absorption structure 41 is attracted by the magnetic attraction piece 8, so that the structure remains stable.

[0030] In one of the embodiments, the distance between the leading edge inner skin 3 and the energy absorption inner skin 5 is 5mm-15mm, the height of the energy absorption structure 4 is equal to the distance between the leading edge inner skin 3 and the energy absorption inner skin 5 when the leading edge heating layer 2 is not in heating operation, the Z-shaped body 411 is attracted by the magnetic attraction piece 8, and the bottom of the energy absorption structure 41 is tightly attached to the energy absorption inner skin 5.

[0031] In one of the embodiments, a connecting gasket 9 is further included, and the connecting gasket 9 is arranged at both ends of the electric heating anti-impact leading edge, one side of the connecting gasket 9 is connected to the leading edge inner skin 3, and the other side of the connecting gasket 9 is connected to the energy absorption inner skin 5. The connecting gasket 9 seals the gap exposed between the leading edge inner skin 3 and the energy absorption inner skin 5 at the side edge.

[0032] In one of the embodiments, the linear expansion coefficient of the support body 412 is not greater than -5×10 -6 / K, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is not less than 1W / (m·K).

[0033] In one of the embodiments, the support body 412 is zirconium tungstate or zirconium molybdate. Specifically, in the embodiment, the support body 412 is preferably a zirconium tungstate material, which has a linear expansion coefficient of -9*10 -6 K and a height of 10 mm.

[0034] In one of the embodiments, the outer skin 1 and the leading edge inner skin 3 are both made of a metal material, which has a thermal conductivity of not less than 75 W / (m*K) and can withstand a temperature of not less than 150℃. In the embodiment, the outer skin 1 and the leading edge inner skin 3 are preferably made of an aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The high-thermal-conductivity skin material accelerates heat distribution, avoids local overheating or icing, and improves the uniformity of deicing.

[0035] In one of the embodiments, the leading edge heating layer 2 is an electric heating material, which is adhesively connected to the outer skin 1 and the leading edge inner skin 3, has a heating temperature range of -80℃ to 400℃, a temperature rising speed of not less than 10℃ / s, and a maximum power density of not less than 15 kW / m 2 . In the embodiment, the leading edge heating layer 2 is preferably an epoxy resin-impregnated carbon fiber conductive fabric, which has a power density of 20 kW / m 2 , the epoxy resin can withstand 180℃ for a long time, and the leading edge heating layer 2 is glued to the outer skin 1 and the leading edge inner skin 3 by adhesion.

[0036] The embodiment of the application also provides a use method of the electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge of any one of the above embodiments, which includes the following steps: When the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the support body 412 is cold-expanded, abuts against the probe 61, the pressure of the pressure sensor in the probe 61 is higher than a set value, the control module controls the leading edge heating layer 2 to start working, the heat generated by the electric heating of the leading edge heating layer 2 is conducted to the outer skin 1 and conducted to the support body 412 through the leading edge inner skin 3, the support body 412 is heated and shrinks to separate from the energy-absorbing inner skin 5, a cavity is formed between the leading edge inner skin 3 and the energy-absorbing inner skin 5, the height of the cavity is not less than 2 mm, the contact type heat conduction is blocked, and the heat energy loss is reduced; When the distance monitor monitors that the distance of the support body is greater than 2.5 mm, the control module controls the leading edge heating layer 2 to stop working.

[0037] Specifically, the following is a specific implementation step provided by the present application: when the ambient temperature of the leading edge decreases, the overall temperature of the energy-absorbing structure 41 decreases, the support body 412 cools and expands, the pressure generated by the expansion acts on the probe 61, when the temperature is lower than 3℃, the pressure sensor of the probe 61 detects that the pressure reaches 30N, and the control module receives the signal to start energization; the leading edge heating layer 2 is energized and heated, the temperature is conducted to the energy-absorbing structure 41, the support body 412 starts to shrink with the rise of the temperature, the support body 412 is separated from the energy-absorbing inner skin 5, and a gap cavity is formed between the two, which can inhibit the conduction of heat to the inside.

[0038] When the distance monitor monitors that the distance between the support body 412 and the probe 61 exceeds 2.5mm, the control module receives the signal to disconnect the heating power supply, the leading edge heating layer 2 stops heating, the energy-absorbing structure 41 cools down, and when the temperature of the support body 412 is lower than 3℃, the probe 61 reaches 30N again, the heating starts, and the process is repeated.

[0039] When a bird hits the leading edge, it will sequentially penetrate the outer skin 1, the leading edge heating layer 2 and the leading edge inner skin 3, and hit the Z-shaped body 411, the Z-shaped body 411 deforms and absorbs energy on one hand, and the laminated thickness increases on the other hand due to compression, which can more effectively resist bird strike impact.

[0040] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge, characterized in that, The device includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer skin, a leading edge heating layer, a leading edge inner skin, an energy-absorbing structure layer, an energy-absorbing inner skin, and ribs, stacked sequentially, as well as a control module. The energy-absorbing structure layer comprises multiple energy-absorbing structures, each including a Z-shaped body and a support body. One end of the support body is connected to the end of the Z-shaped body, and the other end is connected to the bent portion of the Z-shaped body. The Z-shaped body is connected to the leading edge inner skin. The support body is made of a material with negative thermal expansion. A probe is positioned on each rib corresponding to the support body. The probe includes a pressure sensor and a distance monitor. Both the probe and the leading edge heating layer are electrically connected to the control module.

2. The electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support beam connected to the rib.

3. The electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a magnetic absorbing sheet, wherein the Z-shaped body is made of magnetic material, and the energy-absorbing inner skin is provided with the magnetic absorbing sheet at the position corresponding to the Z-shaped body.

4. The electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the leading edge inner skin and the energy-absorbing inner skin is 5mm to 15mm. When the leading edge heating layer is not heated, the height of the energy-absorbing structure is equal to the distance between the leading edge inner skin and the energy-absorbing inner skin. The Z-shaped body is attracted by the magnetic absorbing sheet, and the bottom of the energy-absorbing structure is in close contact with the energy-absorbing inner skin.

5. The electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes connecting gaskets, which are disposed at both ends of the electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge. One side of the connecting gasket is connected to the inner skin of the leading edge, and the other side of the connecting gasket is connected to the energy-absorbing inner skin.

6. The electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The coefficient of linear expansion of the support is no greater than -5 × 10⁻⁵. -6 / K, thermal conductivity not less than 1W / (m·K).

7. The electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The support is zirconium tungstate or zirconium molybdate.

8. The electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the outer skin and the leading edge inner skin are made of metallic materials with a thermal conductivity of not less than 75 W / (m·K) and a temperature resistance of not less than 150℃.

9. The electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The leading edge heating layer is an electrically heated material, bonded to the outer skin and the inner leading edge skin. The heating temperature range is -80℃ to 400℃, the heating rate is not less than 10℃ / s, and the maximum power density is not less than 15kW / m². 2 .

10. The method of using the electrically heated impact-resistant leading edge as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: When the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the support expands due to the cold and comes into contact with the probe. When the pressure of the pressure sensor inside the probe is higher than the set value, the control module controls the leading edge heating layer to start working. The heat generated by the electric heating of the leading edge heating layer is conducted to the outer skin and simultaneously to the support body through the leading edge inner skin. The support body shrinks and detaches from the energy-absorbing inner skin when heated, forming a cavity between the leading edge inner skin and the energy-absorbing inner skin. The cavity height is not less than 2mm, which blocks contact heat conduction and reduces heat energy loss. When the distance monitor detects that the distance to the support is greater than 2.5mm, the control module controls the leading edge heating layer to stop working.

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