A device and method for measuring high-precision embankment settlement height

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of settlement height monitoring, and particularly relates to a device and method for measuring high-precision settlement height of roadbed, the device for measuring high-precision settlement height of roadbed comprises a shell, a float, an internal measuring mechanism and an adjusting part; a central rod is arranged in the shell, a spiral track is coaxially arranged on the outer part of the central rod, and a spiral groove is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the spiral track; the float is coaxially arranged on the outer part of the spiral track, the float can move up and down along the central rod with the change of the liquid level in the shell, the inner circumferential surface of the float is provided with a ball structure, and the ball structure can slide along the spiral groove; the internal measuring mechanism is arranged between the float and the shell, and the internal measuring mechanism can measure the height of the liquid level; the adjusting part can move up and down along the central rod, so that the pitch of the spiral track changes, and then the moving speed of the float changes, thereby the accuracy of the result of roadbed settlement monitoring can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of settlement height monitoring technology, and in particular to a device and method for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrostatic levels are characterized by high resolution, good stability, reliable performance, and fast response. During ground construction, hydrostatic levels are commonly used to monitor roadbed settlement. For example, patent application CN104344808A discloses a hydrostatic level for liquid level, including a housing with a through hole at the bottom. The interior of the housing forms a cavity containing a float. A magnetostrictive sensor is connected to the bottom of the float, and a signal receiver / transmitter is also mounted on the float. The signal receiver / transmitter receives the signal transmitted by the magnetostrictive sensor and transmits it outwards.

[0003] However, if there is movement or vibration near the monitoring point, the float will sway in the shell, meaning the float will deviate from the actual liquid level, which will lead to inaccurate results in the roadbed settlement monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device and method for measuring the settlement height of roadbeds with high precision, addressing the technical problem that current static levels do not provide accurate monitoring results when subjected to vibration.

[0005] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-precision device for measuring roadbed settlement height includes a housing, a float, an internal measuring mechanism, and an adjusting component. The housing has a central rod extending vertically inside, and a helical track coaxially fitted around its exterior. The helical track is expandable and contracts vertically, and has helical grooves on its outer circumferential surface. The float is coaxially fitted around the helical track and can move vertically along the central rod according to changes in the liquid level inside the housing. The float has a ball bearing structure on its inner circumferential surface; during vertical movement, the ball bearing structure slides along the helical grooves, causing the float to rotate synchronously around the central rod. The internal measuring mechanism is located between the float and the housing and measures the liquid level. The adjusting component is located on the central rod and corresponds to the end of the helical track. The adjusting component can move vertically along the central rod, changing the pitch of the helical track and thus altering the vertical movement rate of the float.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjusting component is an adjusting nut, which is threadedly connected to the top of the central rod and located inside the outer casing.

[0008] Furthermore, the ball structure includes a first ball, a second ball, and a third ball distributed sequentially from top to bottom. The first ball and the third ball are vertically aligned, and the second ball is offset from the first ball and the third ball in the circumferential direction of the float. The first ball, the second ball, and the third ball can all slide along the spiral groove, and the first ball and the second ball can both slide up and down along the inner circumferential surface of the float.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner circumferential surface of the pontoon is provided with a first vertical guide rail, a mounting ring, and a second vertical guide rail from top to bottom, with the first and second vertical guide rails corresponding vertically. The first vertical guide rail has a first slider that can slide in the vertical direction inside, and a first ball bearing is rotatably mounted on the first slider. The second vertical guide rail has a second slider that can slide in the vertical direction inside, and a third ball bearing is rotatably mounted on the second slider. The mounting ring is coaxially mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the pontoon, and a ball joint support is fixedly mounted on the mounting ring, with the second ball bearing rotatably mounted on the ball joint support.

[0010] Furthermore, the first ball is rotatably disposed in the first slider via a first rotating shaft that extends in the vertical direction. The first ball can only rotate around the first rotating shaft when the float moves downward. The third ball is rotatably disposed in the second slider via a second rotating shaft that extends in the vertical direction. The third ball can only rotate around the second rotating shaft when the float moves upward.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer circumferential surface of the buoy is provided with fins, which are evenly distributed around the outer circumferential surface of the buoy and extend in the vertical direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the float has a cavity filled with liquid, and an air bladder is provided in the cavity. The air bladder can expand or contract with changes in the temperature of the external environment, thereby changing the mass of the float. The lower end of the float has a one-way liquid inlet, which allows only the liquid in the outer shell to enter the cavity, and the upper end of the float has a one-way liquid outlet, which allows only the liquid in the cavity to flow out.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the outer casing is provided with two connecting ports, which are arranged radially through the outer casing, and the straight line containing the two connecting ports passes through the axis of the central rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the pontoon includes an upper half-tube and a lower half-tube, which are detachably connected.

[0015] A method for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height, employing the aforementioned high-precision roadbed settlement height measurement device, includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. Install multiple high-precision devices for measuring the settlement height of the roadbed at multiple monitoring locations on the roadbed, and ensure that the multiple high-precision devices for measuring the settlement height of the roadbed are on the same horizontal plane.

[0017] S2. Based on the external environment of the location of each high-precision measurement device for roadbed settlement height, adjust the height position of each adjusting component on the central rod, thereby adjusting the pitch of each spiral track.

[0018] S3. Connect the outer shells of multiple high-precision devices for measuring roadbed settlement height and introduce liquid into them;

[0019] S4. The internal measuring mechanism measures the liquid level in the device for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height in real time;

[0020] S5. Using one of the monitoring locations as a reference point, calculate the difference between the liquid level height data of the other monitoring locations and the liquid level height data of the reference point to obtain the relative settlement height of each monitoring location of the roadbed.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] The device and method for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height provided by the present invention, firstly, when there is a lot of vibration near the monitoring point, the pitch of the spiral track is reduced by adjusting the adjustment component. This requires the float to rotate more times to move a certain distance in the vertical direction, thereby reducing the moving speed of the float and allowing the float to move up and down with the rise and fall of the liquid level. This avoids the float moving up and down due to the swaying of the liquid level caused by vibration, thereby improving the accuracy of the roadbed settlement monitoring results, that is, improving the measurement precision.

[0023] Secondly, when the buoy moves upward, the first ball cannot rotate around the first axis, and can only slide in the spiral groove, thus cleaning the spiral groove and ensuring the smooth rolling of the second and third balls in the spiral groove; when the buoy moves downward, the third ball cannot rotate around the second axis, and can only slide in the spiral groove, thus cleaning the spiral groove and ensuring the smooth rolling of the second and first balls in the spiral groove, so that the buoy can move smoothly up and down as a whole.

[0024] Third, the fins can limit the rotation of the pontoon. Combined with the design of the spiral track, the vertical movement speed of the pontoon can be further reduced, avoiding the vertical swaying of the pontoon caused by liquid surface fluctuations when vibrating near the monitoring point, which would affect the accuracy of the roadbed settlement monitoring results.

[0025] Fourth, by installing airbags inside the pontoons, when the external temperature decreases, the airbags contract due to the cold, thereby drawing liquid from the outer shell through the one-way liquid inlet. This increases the mass of the pontoons, keeping the drainage volume constant and thus offsetting the rise of the pontoons caused by the decrease in external temperature. Conversely, when the external temperature rises, the airbags expand due to the heat, squeezing the liquid inside the pontoons and causing some of the liquid to drain out through the one-way liquid outlet. This reduces the mass of the pontoons, keeping the drainage volume constant and thus offsetting the descent of the pontoons caused by the increase in external temperature. Overall, this ensures the accuracy of the roadbed settlement monitoring results. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a device for measuring the settlement height of roadbed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A side view schematic diagram of a device for measuring the settlement height of a roadbed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the AA section;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point B;

[0030] Figure 5 An exploded view of a device for measuring the settlement height of a roadbed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pontoon in a high-precision device for measuring roadbed settlement height according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pontoon in a high-precision device for measuring roadbed settlement height provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the pontoon in a device for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] in:

[0035] 101. Outer shell; 1011. Connecting port; 102. End cap; 1021. Exhaust port; 103. Electronic compartment; 1031. Circuit board; 104. Center rod; 105. Signal transmission line; 200. Float; 201. Fin; 202. Airbag; 203. One-way liquid inlet; 204. One-way liquid outlet; 205. Second ball bearing; 2051. Ball joint support; 206. First ball bearing; 2061. First rotating shaft; 2062. First vertical guide rail; 207. Permanent magnet ring; 208. Third ball bearing; 2081. Second rotating shaft; 2082. Second vertical guide rail; 301. Helical track; 3011. Helical groove; 302. Adjusting nut. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0037] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). It should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0038] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 8As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height, comprising a housing 101, a float 200, an internal measuring mechanism, and an adjusting component; the housing 101 has a central rod 104 inside, the central rod 104 extending in the vertical direction, and a helical track 301 coaxially sleeved on the outside of the central rod 104, the helical track 301 being able to extend and retract in the vertical direction, and a helical groove 3011 provided on the outer circumferential surface of the helical track 301; the float 200 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the helical track 301, and the float 200 can extend and retract in accordance with the change of liquid level inside the housing 101. The central rod 104 moves up and down. The inner circumferential surface of the float 200 is provided with a ball bearing structure. When the float 200 moves up and down, the ball bearing structure can slide along the spiral groove 3011, thereby driving the float 200 to rotate synchronously around the central rod 104. The internal measuring mechanism is set between the float 200 and the outer shell 101. The internal measuring mechanism can measure the height of the liquid level. The adjusting member is set on the central rod 104 and corresponds to the end of the spiral track 301. The adjusting member can move up and down along the central rod 104, thereby changing the pitch of the spiral track 301, and thus changing the up and down movement speed of the float 200.

[0040] The internal measuring mechanism employs the magnetostrictive working principle of existing technology. A permanent magnet ring 207 is installed inside the float 200. An end cap 102 is threaded to the upper end of the float 200, and an electronic chamber 103 is mounted on the end cap 102. The upper end of the central rod 104 passes through the end cap 102 and connects to the electronic chamber 103. A circuit board 1031 is installed inside the electronic chamber 103. A waveguide wire is installed in the central rod 104. The circuit on the circuit board 1031 generates current pulses and applies them to the waveguide wire, creating a circumferential magnetic field around it. When the circumferential magnetic field generated by the current pulses meets and superimposes with the axial magnetic field generated by the float's permanent magnet ring 207 at the float's position, a momentary composite magnetic field is formed. This composite magnetic field causes a slight torsional deformation of the waveguide wire at that position, generating a torsional stress wave. This torsional stress wave propagates upwards and is captured by a detection coil on the circuit board 1031. The electronic chamber 103 calculates the liquid level height based on the capture time. The electronic compartment 103 is equipped with a signal transmission line 105, which transmits liquid level information to the back-end system.

[0041] When there is significant vibration near the monitoring point, the pitch of the spiral track 301 is reduced by adjusting the adjustment mechanism. This requires the float 200 to rotate more times to move a certain distance vertically, thus reducing its moving speed. This allows the float 200 to move up and down with the rise and fall of the liquid level, preventing the float 200 from moving vertically due to liquid surface sloshing caused by vibration. This improves the accuracy of the roadbed settlement monitoring results, i.e., increases the measurement precision. When the area near the monitoring point is relatively stable, the pitch of the spiral track 301 is increased by adjusting the adjustment mechanism. This requires the float 200 to rotate fewer times to move a certain distance vertically, increasing its moving speed and allowing it to reach the true liquid level more quickly, thus improving the speed of roadbed settlement monitoring.

[0042] Furthermore, the adjusting component is an adjusting nut 302, which is threaded onto the upper part of the central rod 104 and located inside the outer casing 101. This structure is simple and easy to manufacture.

[0043] Furthermore, the ball structure includes a first ball 206, a second ball 205, and a third ball 208 distributed sequentially from top to bottom. The first ball 206 and the third ball 208 are vertically aligned, and the second ball 205 is offset from the first ball 206 and the third ball 208 in the circumferential direction of the float 200. The first ball 206, the second ball 205, and the third ball 208 can all slide along the spiral groove 3011, and the first ball 206 and the second ball 205 can both slide up and down along the inner circumferential surface of the float 200.

[0044] The arrangement of the first ball bearing 206, the second ball bearing 205, and the third ball bearing 208 ensures the coaxiality of the float 200 and the central rod 104, allowing the float 200 to move smoothly up and down. Both the first ball bearing 206 and the second ball bearing 205 can slide up and down along the inner circumference of the float 200, so that when the pitch of the helical track 301 changes, the first ball bearing 206 and the second ball bearing 205 can move synchronously.

[0045] Furthermore, the inner circumferential surface of the float 200 is provided with a first vertical guide rail 2062, a mounting ring, and a second vertical guide rail 2082 from top to bottom, with the first vertical guide rail 2062 and the second vertical guide rail 2082 corresponding vertically. The first vertical guide rail 2062 has a first slider that can slide in the vertical direction, and a first ball bearing 206 is rotatably mounted on the first slider. The second vertical guide rail 2082 has a second slider that can slide in the vertical direction, and a third ball bearing 208 is rotatably mounted on the second slider. The mounting ring is coaxially mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the float 200, and a ball joint support 2051 is fixedly mounted on the mounting ring. The second ball bearing 205 is rotatably mounted on the ball joint support 2051. The second ball bearing 205 can rotate freely on the ball joint support 2051.

[0046] Furthermore, the first ball bearing 206 is rotatably disposed in the first slider via a first rotating shaft 2061, which extends in the vertical direction. The first ball bearing 206 can only rotate around the first rotating shaft 2061 when the float 200 moves downward. The third ball bearing 208 is rotatably disposed in the second slider via a second rotating shaft 2081, which extends in the vertical direction. The third ball bearing 208 can only rotate around the second rotating shaft 2081 when the float 200 moves upward.

[0047] Specifically, a first one-way bearing is provided between the first ball 206 and the first rotating shaft 2061, and a second one-way bearing is provided between the third ball 208 and the second rotating shaft 2081. In other embodiments, the first one-way bearing and the second one-way bearing can be replaced with a ratchet structure.

[0048] When the float 200 moves upward, the first one-way bearing prevents the first ball bearing 206 from rotating around the first shaft 2061, meaning the first ball bearing 206 cannot roll along the spiral groove 3011 and can only slide within it, thus cleaning the spiral groove 3011 and ensuring the smooth rolling of the second ball bearing 205 and the third ball bearing 208 within it. Similarly, when the float 200 moves downward, the second one-way bearing prevents the third ball bearing 208 from rotating around the second shaft 2081, meaning the third ball bearing 208 cannot roll along the spiral groove 3011 and can only slide within it, thus cleaning the spiral groove 3011 and ensuring the smooth rolling of the second ball bearing 205 and the first ball bearing 206 within it. Overall, this allows the float 200 to move smoothly up and down.

[0049] Furthermore, the outer circumferential surface of the float 200 is provided with fins 201, which are evenly distributed around the outer circumferential surface of the float 200 and extend in the vertical direction.

[0050] The fins 201 limit the rotation of the pontoon 200. Combined with the design of the spiral track 301, the vertical movement speed of the pontoon 200 can be further reduced. This prevents the pontoon 200 from shaking due to liquid surface fluctuations when vibrating near the monitoring point, which would affect the accuracy of the roadbed settlement monitoring results.

[0051] Furthermore, the float 200 has a cavity filled with liquid, and an air bladder 202 is provided in the cavity. The air bladder 202 can expand or contract with changes in the temperature of the external environment, thereby changing the mass of the float 200. The lower end of the float 200 is provided with a one-way liquid inlet 203, which only allows liquid in the outer shell 101 to enter the cavity. The upper end of the float 200 is provided with a one-way liquid outlet 204, which only allows liquid in the cavity to flow out.

[0052] Because liquids expand when heated and contract when cooled, the liquid inside the outer shell 101 contracts when the external temperature decreases, thus increasing its density. According to the buoyancy formula ρ... 液 ×V 排 =m 物 This leads to V 排 The density of the liquid decreases, causing the float 200 to rise, resulting in a measured liquid level that is higher than the actual liquid level. Conversely, when the temperature of the external environment rises, the liquid in the outer shell 101 expands and its density decreases, leading to a decrease in V. 排 The height of the float increases, causing the float 200 to drop, resulting in a measured liquid level that is lower than the actual liquid level.

[0053] By installing an airbag 202 inside the float 200, when the external ambient temperature decreases, the airbag 202 contracts due to the cold, thereby drawing liquid from the outer shell 101 through the one-way liquid inlet 203. This increases the mass of the float 200, keeping its drainage volume constant and thus offsetting the rise of the float 200 caused by the decrease in external ambient temperature. Conversely, when the external ambient temperature increases, the airbag 202 expands due to the heat, squeezing the liquid inside the float 200. This causes some of the liquid inside the float 200 to be discharged through the one-way liquid outlet 204, thus reducing the mass of the float 200. This keeps its drainage volume constant and thus offsets the descent of the float 200 caused by the increase in external ambient temperature. Overall, this ensures the accuracy of the roadbed settlement monitoring results.

[0054] Furthermore, the bottom of the outer casing 101 is provided with two connecting ports 1011, which are radially arranged through the outer casing 101, and the straight line containing the two connecting ports 1011 passes through the axis of the central rod 104.

[0055] The connecting port 1011 can be connected to a flexible hose, through which the housings 101 of multiple high-precision devices for measuring roadbed settlement height are connected in series. The hose is also connected to a liquid storage tank, which is used to supply water to the interior of each housing 101. The end cap 102 is also provided with an exhaust port 1021, which can exhaust the gas inside the housing 101.

[0056] Furthermore, the float 200 includes an upper half-tube and a lower half-tube, which are detachably connected by threads. This facilitates the installation of the airbag 202 and also makes maintenance easier.

[0057] Based on the above embodiments, the usage principle and working process of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0058] Multiple high-precision devices for measuring roadbed settlement height are installed at various monitoring locations on the roadbed, ensuring they are all on the same horizontal plane. Based on the external environment of each device's location, the height of each adjusting component on the central rod 104 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the pitch of each spiral track 301. For example, the higher the vibration frequency of the external environment, the smaller the pitch of the spiral track 301.

[0059] Then, the outer shells 101 of multiple high-precision devices for measuring roadbed settlement height are connected by flexible hoses, and liquid is introduced into the inner shells 101, ensuring that the liquid levels inside all the outer shells 101 are consistent. The internal measuring mechanism measures the liquid level in each high-precision device in real time. The backend system selects one monitoring location as a reference point and calculates the difference between the liquid level data from the other monitoring locations and the reference point to obtain the relative settlement height at each monitoring location of the roadbed.

[0060] The present invention also provides a method for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height, which uses the above-mentioned device for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height and includes the following steps:

[0061] S1. Install multiple high-precision devices for measuring the settlement height of the roadbed at multiple monitoring locations on the roadbed, and ensure that the multiple high-precision devices for measuring the settlement height of the roadbed are on the same horizontal plane.

[0062] S2. Based on the external environment of the location of each high-precision measurement device for roadbed settlement height, adjust the height position of each adjusting component on the central rod 104, thereby adjusting the pitch of each spiral track 301.

[0063] S3. Connect the outer casings 101 of multiple high-precision devices for measuring roadbed settlement height and introduce liquid into them;

[0064] S4. The internal measuring mechanism measures the liquid level in the device for high-precision measurement of roadbed settlement height in real time;

[0065] S5. Using one of the monitoring locations as a reference point, calculate the difference between the liquid level height data of the other monitoring locations and the liquid level height data of the reference point to obtain the relative settlement height of each monitoring location of the roadbed.

[0066] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0067] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the height of subgrade settlement with high precision, characterized in that, The utility model provides a kind of liquid level measuring device, comprising: Housing, the inside of the housing is equipped with central rod, central rod extends along up-down direction, the outside of central rod is coaxially sleeved with spiral track, spiral track can be telescopic along up-down direction, spiral groove is equipped on the outer circumferential surface of spiral track; Buoy, the buoy is coaxially sleeved in the outside of spiral track, the buoy can move along central rod up and down with the change of liquid level in the inside of housing, the inner circumferential surface of the buoy is equipped with ball structure, when the buoy moves up and down, the ball structure can slide along spiral groove, to drive the synchronous rotation of buoy around central rod; Internal measuring mechanism, the internal measuring mechanism is arranged between the buoy and the housing, and the internal measuring mechanism can measure the height of the liquid level; Adjusting part, the adjusting part is arranged on the central rod and corresponds to the end of the spiral track, the adjusting part can move up and down along the central rod, so that the pitch of the spiral track changes, and then the moving rate of the buoy up and down changes.

2. The device for measuring height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting part is an adjusting nut, the adjusting nut is threadedly connected above the central rod, and the adjusting nut is located in the inside of the housing.

3. The device for measuring height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ball structure includes first ball, second ball and third ball distributed sequentially from top to bottom, the first ball and the third ball correspond to each other up and down, and the second ball is arranged staggered with the first ball and the third ball in the circumferential direction of the buoy; The first ball, the second ball and the third ball can slide along the spiral groove, and the first ball and the third ball can slide up and down along the inner circumferential surface of the buoy.

4. The device for measuring the height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner circumferential surface of the buoy is sequentially provided with a first vertical guide rail, a mounting ring and a second vertical guide rail from top to bottom, and the first vertical guide rail corresponds to the second vertical guide rail up and down; The inside of the first vertical guide rail is provided with a first slider capable of sliding in the up-down direction, and the first ball is rotatably arranged on the first slider; The inside of the second vertical guide rail is provided with a second slider capable of sliding in the up-down direction, and the third ball is rotatably arranged on the second slider; The mounting ring is coaxially arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the buoy, and a spherical hinge support is fixedly arranged on the mounting ring, and the second ball is rotatably arranged on the spherical hinge support.

5. The device for measuring the height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first ball is rotatably arranged in the first slider through a first rotating shaft extending in the up-down direction, and the first ball can only rotate around the first rotating shaft when the buoy moves downward; The third ball is rotatably arranged in the second slider through a second rotating shaft extending in the up-down direction, and the third ball can only rotate around the second rotating shaft when the buoy moves upward.

6. The device for measuring height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the buoy is provided with fins, the fins are uniformly distributed around the outer circumferential surface of the buoy, and the fins extend in the up-down direction.

7. The device for measuring height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buoy has a cavity, the inside of the cavity is filled with liquid, and a gas bag is arranged in the cavity, the gas bag can expand or contract with the change of temperature of the external environment, thereby changing the mass of the buoy; The lower end of the buoy is provided with a one-way liquid inlet, which only allows the liquid in the housing to enter the cavity, and the upper end of the buoy is provided with a one-way liquid outlet, which only allows the liquid in the cavity to flow out.

8. The device for measuring height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the housing is provided with two communication openings, the communication openings are arranged radially through the housing, and the straight line where the two communication openings are located passes through the axis of the central rod.

9. The device for measuring height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buoy includes an upper half-cylinder and a lower half-cylinder, and the upper half-cylinder and the lower half-cylinder are detachably connected.

10. A method of measuring a height of subgrade settlement with high precision, using the device for measuring a height of subgrade settlement with high precision according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, installing multiple high-precision roadbed settlement height measuring devices at multiple monitoring positions of the roadbed respectively, and making the multiple high-precision roadbed settlement height measuring devices at the same horizontal plane; S2, adjusting the height positions of the adjusting members on the center rod according to the external environment of the positions where the high-precision roadbed settlement height measuring devices are located, so as to adjust the pitches of the spiral tracks; S3, connecting the housings of the multiple high-precision roadbed settlement height measuring devices and inputting liquid into the housings; S4, measuring the liquid level in each high-precision roadbed settlement height measuring device in real time by the internal measuring mechanism; S5, taking one of the monitoring positions as a reference point, and performing difference calculation on the liquid level data of the other monitoring positions and the liquid level data of the reference point to obtain the relative settlement heights of the monitoring positions of the roadbed.

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