Design method and system of polarization detection metasurface

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method and system of a polarization detection metasurface. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a microstructure model, and scanning phase delays of microstructures with different geometric dimensions under x and y polarization; specifying two groups of cross-polarization states and target propagation angles thereof, calculating the size of a super-unit cell and the number of microstructures contained in the super-unit cell, and confirming polarization beam splitting targets required in the two groups of cross-polarization states; calculating a Jones matrix of each microstructure in the supercell and selecting a group of microstructure parameters as an initial solution; establishing a super-cell model according to the initial solution and performing forward propagation simulation to obtain diffraction order intensity distribution under two groups of orthogonal polarization, and constructing a loss function to perform iterative optimization to obtain an optimal super-cell structure meeting a polarization beam splitting target; and carrying out two-dimensional periodic expansion on the super-unit cell structure to obtain the super-surface structure. According to the invention, efficient separation of multiple polarization states can be realized on a single metasurface, the crosstalk problem in a traditional space division multiplexing mode is avoided, and the spatial resolution is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of optical metasurface, and particularly relates to a design method and system of a polarization detection metasurface. BACKGROUND

[0002] Polarization is an important physical property of light, and has wide applications in 3D imaging, stress analysis, biosensing, etc. Traditional polarization detection methods usually adopt a mechanical rotating polarizer mode to collect light intensity information of different polarization states through time division multiplexing. This method has the disadvantages of large volume, slow response speed, poor dynamic target detection capability, etc.

[0003] In recent years, metasurfaces (Mie scattering, diffraction, etc.) as a two-dimensional artificial microstructure material, due to their flexible control ability of light field, provide a new technical path for integrated and real-time polarization detection. In the prior art, different polarization control functions of supercells are combined to realize multi-polarization state detection by using space division multiplexing. However, this method has the problems of high crosstalk and low spatial resolution, which limits its application in high-precision imaging and dynamic detection. metasurface

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new metasurface design method which can realize efficient separation and detection of multiple polarization states on a single metasurface, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a design method and system of a polarization detection metasurface, which aims to solve the problem of how to realize efficient separation and detection of multiple polarization states on a single metasurface.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a design method of a polarization detection metasurface, comprising: establishing a microstructure model of the metasurface, and scanning the phase delay of the microstructure with different geometric sizes under x and y polarizations through a full-wave simulation algorithm; specifying two groups of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and their target propagation angles, calculating the supercell size and the number of microstructures contained therein according to the target propagation angles, and confirming the polarization beam splitting target required under the two groups of orthogonal polarization states; calculating the Jones matrix of each microstructure in the supercell according to the phase delay, and selecting a group of microstructure parameters as the initial solution for optimization of the metasurface; establishing a supercell model according to the initial solution and performing forward propagation simulation to obtain the diffraction order intensity distribution under the two groups of orthogonal polarizations, and constructing a loss function for iterative optimization; and obtaining an optimal supercell structure meeting the polarization beam splitting target; two-dimensional periodic expansion of the optimal supercell structure to form a complete metasurface structure, realizing spatial separation and detection of the polarization state of incident light.​

[0007] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a design system of a polarization detection metasurface, comprising: a phase delay acquisition unit configured to establish a microstructure model of the metasurface, scan phase delays of the microstructure with different geometric sizes in x and y polarizations by a full-wave simulation algorithm; a microstructure calculation unit configured to specify two groups of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and target propagation angles thereof, calculate a supercell size and a number of microstructures contained therein according to the target propagation angles, and confirm a polarization beam splitting target required in the two groups of orthogonal polarization states; a matrix calculation unit configured to calculate a Jones matrix of each microstructure in the supercell according to the phase delays, and select a group of microstructure parameters as an initial solution for optimization of the metasurface; a supercell calculation unit configured to establish a supercell model according to the initial solution and perform forward propagation simulation to obtain diffraction order intensity distributions in the two groups of orthogonal polarizations, and construct a loss function for iterative optimization to obtain an optimal supercell structure meeting the polarization beam splitting target; a metasurface generation unit configured to perform two-dimensional periodic expansion on the optimal supercell structure to form a complete metasurface structure, and realize spatial separation and detection of polarization states of incident light.

[0008] The embodiments of the present application have the beneficial effect that the function of polarization beam splitting can be integrated in a supercell unit, the geometric parameters and rotation angles of each microstructure are cooperatively controlled by an optimization algorithm, thereby realizing efficient separation of multiple polarization states on a single metasurface, avoiding the crosstalk problem in the traditional space division multiplexing mode, and improving the spatial resolution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0010] figure 1 a flowchart of the design method of the polarization detection metasurface provided by the embodiments of the present application; figure 2 a schematic diagram of the polarization detection principle of the metasurface structure provided by the embodiments of the present application; figure 3 a schematic diagram of the microstructure model provided by the embodiments of the present application; figure 4 a schematic diagram of the polarization detection principle of the metasurface provided by the embodiments of the present application; x ,y Phase delay under polarization and microstructure length l , width w Relationship diagram; figure 5 The diffraction order intensity distribution diagram required to be met by the supercell provided by the embodiment of the present application; figure 6 The optimal supercell structure diagram after iterative optimization provided by the embodiment of the present application; figure 7 The diffraction order intensity distribution diagram of two groups of orthogonal polarized light after modulation by the optimal supercell structure provided by the embodiment of the present application; figure 8 The schematic block diagram of the design system of the polarization detection metasurface provided by the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0012] It should be understood that, when used in the specification and the appended claims, the terms “comprise” and “include” indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0013] It should also be understood that the terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the specification and the appended claims of the present application, unless otherwise clearly indicated by the context, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms.

[0014] It should be further understood that the term “and / or” used in the specification and the appended claims of the present application means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0015] Please refer to figure 1 , figure 1 The flowchart of the design method of the polarization detection metasurface provided by the embodiment of the present application; As figure 1 shown, the method comprises steps S101-S105.

[0016] S101. Establish a microstructure model of the metasurface and scan the phase delay of microstructures with different geometric dimensions under x and y polarization using a full-wave simulation algorithm.

[0017] In step S101, the metasurface consists of a substrate layer and multiple microstructures. This metasurface is suitable for multiple wavelength bands, including ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared. The substrate layer is made of a material that is transparent to the designed wavelength band, and its refractive index must be lower than that of the microstructure material. The thickness of the substrate layer can be flexibly adjusted according to specific needs, and can be arbitrarily selected within the range of 0.3 mm to 3 mm. The multiple microstructures are arranged in an array. By adjusting the type, size, and arrangement of the microstructures, the phase distribution of the metasurface can be changed, and its phase change range is between 0 and 2π. In addition, materials with a refractive index lower than that of the microstructures can be selectively used to fill the gaps between the superlens microstructures to achieve effective protection of the microstructures.

[0018] In step S101, the length and width of each microstructure are scanned using the finite-difference time-domain method, thus obtaining the dimensions of microstructures with different geometric sizes. x and y Phase delay under polarization. Phase delay refers to the phase delay of a microstructure under different polarizations (light). x polarization and y Under polarized illumination, the phase distribution characteristics of the emitted light wavefront vary with geometric dimensions. By using the finite-difference time-domain method for scanning calculations, the quantitative relationship between each microstructure dimension parameter and the phase delay can be accurately obtained, providing fundamental data for the subsequent optimized design of the metasurface phase distribution. This process requires consideration of the substrate material properties and the microstructure array arrangement to ensure that the phase change range covers the complete period from 0 to 2π.

[0019] S102. Specify the two sets of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and their target propagation angles. Calculate the supercell size and the number of microstructures contained within it based on the target propagation angles, and confirm the required polarization beam splitting targets for the two sets of orthogonal polarization states. The supercell, composed of multiple microstructures, is the smallest unit for achieving polarization separation.

[0020] For step S102, the specific components include: Specify two sets of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and their target propagation angles, wherein each set of orthogonal polarization states is symmetrically distributed with respect to the propagation direction. According to the diffraction grating formula d i sin theta i = m lambda Calculating supercell size d , among which, among which i For supercells in x or yinformation of the direction, theta for a specific polarization in x or y the direction, m is the diffraction order, lambda is the wavelength of the incident light; according to the formula N i = round ( d i / p i ) to calculate the number of microstructures contained in the supercell, wherein, N i is the number of microstructures in the x or y direction, p i is the period size of a single microstructure in the x or y direction, round indicates rounding off; According to the calculated supercell size and the number of microstructures contained therein, the polarization beam splitting target required under two orthogonal polarization states is confirmed.

[0021] In the specific scheme of this step S102, the diffraction grating formula is introduced to determine the size of the supercell in the x or y direction, and then the number of microstructures in this direction is determined by rounding off, thereby ensuring the matching between the physical size of the supercell and the optical function, which is the premise of realizing the polarization beam splitting target.

[0022] S103, calculate the Jones matrix of each microstructure in the supercell according to the phase delay, and select a set of microstructure parameters as the initial solution of the super surface optimization.

[0023] For step S103, specifically includes: According to the phase delay obtained in step S101, the Jones matrix of each position in the supercell is calculated, and the relationship between the Jones matrix and the phase delay of the microstructure is as follows: ; wherein, J indicates the Jones matrix; R indicates the rotation matrix; theta meta is the rotation angle of the microstructure, i indicates the imaginary unit; e iφx and e iφy indicate the complex exponential function, which are used to represent the phase delay; phix , phi y They are respectively x , y Phase delay in direction, phase delay and the length of microstructure l With width w Related; By adjusting the size of the microstructure to control the phase delay in two directions, a set of microstructure parameters obtained by full-wave simulation algorithm is selected as the initial solution for metasurface optimization.

[0024] In the specific scheme of step S103, the Jones matrix is ​​a tool for describing the influence of optical elements on polarized light transmission. This step involves microstructures... x and y The phase delay and rotation angle of the direction are used to construct the metasurface, which can reflect the metasurface's ability to control the polarization state. This can be achieved by adjusting the size (length) of the microstructure. l Hekuan w The phase of the two orthogonal polarization directions can be independently adjusted, thus providing support for realizing the polarization beam splitting function. The selection of the initial solution is based on the scanning results of the full-wave simulation in step S101, providing a reasonable starting point for the subsequent optimization process.

[0025] S104. Based on the initial solution, establish a supercell model and perform forward propagation simulation to obtain the diffraction order intensity distribution under two sets of orthogonal polarization. After constructing a loss function and performing iterative optimization, the optimal supercell structure that satisfies the polarization beam splitting objective is obtained.

[0026] For step S104, the specific components include: The initial solution of the Jones matrix is ​​mapped to the length, width and rotation angle of the corresponding microstructure to establish the corresponding supercell model. Vector full-wave forward propagation simulation is performed under the periodic boundary to obtain the diffraction order intensity distribution under the corresponding two sets of orthogonal polarization. Calculate the loss function of the diffraction order intensity distribution under two sets of orthogonal polarizations and the target diffraction order. L The geometric parameters and rotation angle of the microstructure of the supercell model are iteratively optimized using a genetic algorithm or a stochastic gradient descent algorithm to obtain the optimal supercell structure that satisfies the polarization beam splitting objective. Among them, the loss function L for: ; in, I simulation The ( ) obtained from simulations under each polarization i , j ) diffraction order intensity distribution; I design For the designed ( i , j) diffraction order intensity distribution; i and j Index for diffraction order; N x and N y They are respectively x direction and y The total number of diffraction orders in the direction.

[0027] The specific implementation scheme of step S104 provides a concrete method for the optimization process, including establishing a supercell model based on the Jones matrix, performing forward propagation simulation to obtain the diffraction intensity distribution, and constructing a loss function (such as the mean square error function) to measure the difference between the simulation results and the design target. The geometric parameters and rotation angle of the microstructure are iteratively optimized using intelligent optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms or stochastic gradient descent, ultimately obtaining a supercell structure that meets the polarization beam splitting requirements. The advantage of this approach is that it can transform a complex multi-parameter optimization problem into a computable optimization objective.

[0028] S105. The optimal supercell structure is extended in two dimensions to form a complete metasurface structure, thereby realizing the spatial separation and detection of the polarization state of incident light.

[0029] Step S105 specifically includes: taking the optimal supercell as a basic unit, performing translation, replication and arrangement on a two-dimensional plane to form a complete metasurface structure, so as to realize the spatial separation and detection of the polarization state of the incident light.

[0030] In summary, the forward propagation method using the Jones matrix proposed in this application can separate two sets of non-orthogonal polarization states in the spatial propagation direction using a single supercell. Each microstructure in the supercell plays a beneficial deflection role in the separation of these polarization states, thus avoiding the high crosstalk problem of simply using the space-division multiplexing method to construct a supercell. Furthermore, the array structure constructed using this scheme is much smaller than the minimum structure required by the space-division multiplexing method, increasing the imaging resolution.

[0031] Based on the design method of the polarization detection metasurface provided in the above embodiments, the metasurface structure obtained in this application has a working wavelength of 600-650 nm. The metasurface structure can deflect 0° polarization, 90° polarization, 45° polarization, and 135° polarization to four different directions in space, with the following effect: figure 2 As shown. The specific design process of the metasurface structure is as follows: First, establish such figure 3 The microstructure model shown uses silicon dioxide as the substrate material and titanium dioxide as the microstructure model material. The thickness of the substrate can be arbitrarily selected between 0.3 mm and 3 mm. The period of the microstructure model... p400nm, the height of the microstructure model h 800nm. By using full-wave simulation algorithm, the phase retardation of the microstructure at the rotation angle theta meta =0° is scanned in the length and width directions, and the phase retardation of the microstructures with different geometric sizes in the x and y polarizations is obtained x and y polarization states, and the results are shown in figure 4

[0032] Secondly, two sets of orthogonal polarization states and their target propagation angles are determined, and the target propagation angles are respectively set as (10°, 0°), (-10°, 0°), (0°, 10°) and (0°, -10°). According to the calculation, the number of microstructures in the supercell is 9*9, and the target diffraction order distribution is shown in figure 5 Finally, according to the target diffraction order and the phase retardation of the microstructure, the supercell is optimized according to the loss function L , and the algorithm used is the stochastic gradient descent algorithm. The optimized results are shown in figure 6 , and each microstructure in the supercell has a unique length and width geometric size and rotation angle. After the four polarized lights pass through the supercell modulation, the diffraction order distribution is shown in figure 7 , and it can be seen that the crosstalk between the diffraction orders is extremely low (<3%), and the accuracy of the polarization detection can be ensured through calibration. The supercell is arranged in a period, and the final complete metasurface is constructed to realize the polarization detection function.

[0033] The embodiment of the present application also provides a polarization detection metasurface design system for executing any one of the above-mentioned polarization detection metasurface design methods. Specifically, please refer to figure 8 , figure 8 is a schematic block diagram of the polarization detection metasurface design system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0034] As shown in figure 8 , the polarization detection metasurface design system 800 comprises a phase retardation acquisition unit 801, a microstructure calculation unit 802, a matrix calculation unit 803, a supercell calculation unit 804 and a metasurface generation unit 805.

[0035] The phase retardation acquisition unit 801 is used to establish a microstructure model of the metasurface, and the phase retardation of the microstructures with different geometric sizes in the x and y polarizations is scanned by using a full-wave simulation algorithm; The microstructure calculation unit 802 is used to specify two sets of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and their target propagation angles, to calculate the supercell size and the number of microstructures contained therein according to the target propagation angles, and to confirm the polarization beam splitting targets required in the two sets of orthogonal polarization states. ​​The matrix calculation unit 803 is configured to calculate the Jones matrix of each microstructure in the supercell according to the phase delay, and select a group of microstructure parameters as an initial solution for optimization of the metasurface; The supercell calculation unit 804 is configured to establish a supercell model according to the initial solution, perform forward propagation simulation, obtain diffraction order intensity distribution under two orthogonal polarizations, and construct a loss function for iterative optimization, and obtain an optimal supercell structure meeting the polarization beam splitting target; The metasurface generation unit 805 is configured to perform two-dimensional periodic expansion on the optimal supercell structure to form a complete metasurface structure, and realize spatial separation and detection of the incident light polarization state.

[0036] The system can integrate the polarization beam splitting function in a supercell unit, cooperatively control the geometric parameters and rotation angles of each microstructure through an optimization algorithm, realize efficient separation of multiple polarization states on a single metasurface, avoid the crosstalk problem in the traditional space division multiplexing mode, and improve the spatial resolution.

[0037] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the system and the unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0038] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, and these modifications or replacements should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A design method for a polarization detection metasurface, characterized in that, include: A microstructure model of the metasurface was established, and the phase delay of microstructures with different geometric dimensions under x and y polarization was scanned using a full-wave simulation algorithm. Specify the two sets of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and their target propagation angles. Calculate the supercell size and the number of microstructures contained therein based on the target propagation angles, and confirm the required polarization beam splitting targets under the two sets of orthogonal polarization states. The Jones matrix of each microstructure in the supercell is calculated based on the phase delay, and a set of microstructure parameters is selected as the initial solution for supersurface optimization. Based on the initial solution, a supercell model is established and forward propagation simulation is performed to obtain two sets of diffraction order intensity distributions under orthogonal polarization. After constructing a loss function and performing iterative optimization, the optimal supercell structure that satisfies the polarization beam splitting objective is obtained. The optimal supercell structure is extended in two dimensions to form a complete metasurface structure, enabling spatial separation and detection of the polarization state of incident light.

2. The design method for a polarization detection metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The establishment of the metasurface microstructure model, and the scanning of the phase delay of microstructures with different geometric dimensions under x and y polarization using a full-wave simulation algorithm, includes: A microstructure model of a metasurface is established, wherein the metasurface is composed of a substrate layer and multiple microstructures; By scanning the length and width of each microstructure using the finite-difference time-domain method, microstructures with different geometric dimensions were obtained. x and y Phase delay under polarization.

3. The design method for a polarization detection metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two sets of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and their target propagation angles are specified. The supercell size and the number of microstructures contained therein are calculated based on the target propagation angles. The required polarization beam splitting targets under the two sets of orthogonal polarization states are confirmed, including: Specify two sets of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and their target propagation angles, wherein each set of orthogonal polarization states is symmetrically distributed with respect to the propagation direction. According to the formula d i sin θ i = mλ Calculating supercell size d , among which, among which i For supercells in x or y Information on direction θ For a specific polarization x or y The required propagation angle for the direction, m It is a diffraction order. λ The wavelength of the incident light; According to the formula N i = round ( d i / p i ) Calculate the number of microstructures contained in a supercell, where, N i for x or y Number of microstructures in the direction p i For a single microstructure in x or y The magnitude of the period in the direction, round This indicates that the integer part is rounded to the nearest whole number. Based on the calculated supercell size and the number of microstructures contained therein, the required polarization beam splitting targets under the two sets of orthogonal polarization states are identified.

4. The design method for a polarization detection metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of calculating the Jones matrix of each microstructure in the supercell based on the phase delay, and selecting a set of microstructure parameters as the initial solution for supersurface optimization, includes: The Jones matrix is ​​calculated according to the following relationship. J : ； in, R Represents the rotation matrix; θ meta The rotation angle of the microstructure. i Represents the imaginary unit; e iφx and e iφy The complex exponential function is used to represent phase delay; φ x , φ y They are respectively x , y Phase delay in direction, phase delay and the length of microstructure l With width w Related; By adjusting the size of the microstructure to control the phase delay in two directions, a set of microstructure parameters obtained by full-wave simulation algorithm is selected as the initial solution for metasurface optimization.

5. The design method for a polarization detection metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves establishing a supercell model based on the initial solution and performing forward propagation simulation to obtain two sets of diffraction order intensity distributions under orthogonal polarization. After iterative optimization using a loss function, the optimal supercell structure satisfying the polarization beam splitting objective is obtained, including: The initial solution of the Jones matrix is ​​mapped to the length, width and rotation angle of the corresponding microstructure to establish the corresponding supercell model. Vector full-wave forward propagation simulation is performed under the periodic boundary to obtain the diffraction order intensity distribution under the corresponding two sets of orthogonal polarization. The loss function of the diffraction order intensity distribution under two sets of orthogonal polarization and the target diffraction order is calculated. Then, the geometric parameters and rotation angle of the microstructure of the supercell model are iteratively optimized using a genetic algorithm or a stochastic gradient descent algorithm to obtain the optimal supercell structure that satisfies the polarization beam splitting target.

6. The design method for a polarization detection metasurface according to claim 5, characterized in that, The loss function L for: ； in, I simulation The simulation results for each polarization are as follows: i , j ) diffraction order intensity distribution; I design For the designed ( i , j ) diffraction order intensity distribution; i and j Index for diffraction order; N x and N y They are respectively x direction and y The total number of diffraction orders in the direction.

7. The design method for a polarization detection metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of extending the optimal supercell structure in two dimensions to form a complete metasurface structure, thereby enabling spatial separation and detection of the polarization state of incident light, includes: The optimal supercell is used as a basic unit and is translated, replicated and arranged on a two-dimensional plane to form a complete metasurface structure, so as to realize the spatial separation and detection of the polarization state of incident light.

8. The design method for a polarization detection metasurface according to claim 2, characterized in that, The substrate is made of silicon dioxide, the microstructure model is made of titanium dioxide, the period of the microstructure model is 400 nm, and the height of the microstructure model is 800 nm.

9. The design method for a polarization detection metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two sets of orthogonal polarization states and their target propagation angles are (10°, 0°), (-10°, 0°), (0°, 10°), and (0°, -10°), respectively. The supercell contains 9*9 microstructures.

10. A design system for a polarization detection metasurface, characterized in that, include: The phase delay acquisition unit is used to establish the microstructure model of the metasurface and scan the phase delay of microstructures with different geometric dimensions under x and y polarization using a full-wave simulation algorithm. The microstructure calculation unit is used to specify the two sets of orthogonal polarization states to be separated and their target propagation angles, calculate the supercell size and the number of microstructures contained therein based on the target propagation angles, and confirm the required polarization beam splitting targets under the two sets of orthogonal polarization states. The matrix calculation unit is used to calculate the Jones matrix of each microstructure in the supercell based on the phase delay, and select a set of microstructure parameters as the initial solution for supersurface optimization. The supercell computing unit is used to establish a supercell model based on the initial solution and perform forward propagation simulation to obtain the diffraction order intensity distribution under two sets of orthogonal polarizations. After constructing a loss function and performing iterative optimization, the optimal supercell structure that satisfies the polarization beam splitting objective is obtained. The metasurface generation unit is used to perform two-dimensional periodic expansion of the optimal supercell structure to form a complete metasurface structure, thereby realizing the spatial separation and detection of the polarization state of incident light.

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