Method and device for monitoring heat transfer performance, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat transfer performance monitoring method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of performance detection.The logarithmic average temperature difference and inlet and outlet air temperature difference are calculated by obtaining the temperature of an air outlet, and a comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient is obtained through a preset calculation formula and serves as a quantitative index of the heat transfer performance of a cooling tower; and real-time online analysis and output are carried out through the industrial personal computer, so that real-time and multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation on the heat transfer performance is realized, and manual regular inspection or single parameter evaluation is not adopted. The technical problems that in the prior art, due to the fact that manual regular inspection or single parameter evaluation is adopted, performance change trend recognition lags behind, the superimposed effect of external pollution and internal scaling cannot be distinguished, and then operation optimization and maintenance decisions of a cooling system are affected can be solved. The technical effects that the performance change trend is accurately recognized in real time, the superimposed effect of external pollution and internal scaling is effectively distinguished, and operation and maintenance decisions of the cooling system are optimized are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of performance testing technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for monitoring heat transfer performance, electronic equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Indirect air-cooled towers, as an important component of cooling systems in thermal power plants, are widely used in the "Three Norths" region of my country, becoming a key technology for addressing water scarcity due to their significant water-saving performance. Related technologies typically construct an evaluation system for the cooling tower's operational status through meteorological parameter monitoring, fluid temperature measurement, and circulating water volume collection. Specifically, this technical system covers the entire process from environmental parameter acquisition and thermal parameter collection to heat transfer performance calculation, including key aspects such as inlet / outlet air parameters, water temperature monitoring, flow rate measurement, and geometric parameter modeling. With the increasing demands for energy efficiency and operational stability in industrial cooling systems, while existing technologies possess certain monitoring capabilities, a systematic solution capable of real-time and accurate quantification of changes in heat transfer performance has yet to be formed.

[0003] In this type of cooling tower operation status assessment system, the use of manual periodic inspections or single-parameter assessments may lead to a lag in identifying performance change trends and an inability to distinguish the combined effects of external pollution and internal scaling, thereby affecting the operation optimization and maintenance decisions of the cooling system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for monitoring heat transfer performance. Its main purpose is to address the problem of delayed identification of performance change trends and the inability to distinguish the combined effects of external contamination and internal scaling, thereby affecting the optimization and maintenance decisions of the cooling system.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a method for monitoring heat transfer performance is provided, comprising:

[0006] Obtain the outlet temperature of at least one outlet;

[0007] Based on the outlet air temperature, calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature, and calculate the inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters.

[0008] The overall heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator is calculated based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference and the inlet and outlet air temperature difference using a preset calculation formula.

[0009] The comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient is used as a quantitative indicator of the heat transfer performance of the cooling tower, and is analyzed and output in real time online by an industrial control computer.

[0010] Optionally, obtaining the outlet temperature of at least one outlet includes:

[0011] The system acquires real-time data on the cooling tower's outlet air temperature, inlet air dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, radiator inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and circulating water flow rate.

[0012] Optionally, the step of calculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature based on the outlet air temperature, and calculating the inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters, includes:

[0013] The logarithmic mean temperature difference is calculated according to the formula The inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower is calculated; where T1 is the inlet temperature difference and T2 is the outlet temperature difference; the inlet temperature difference is the difference between the inlet water temperature of the radiator and the dry bulb temperature of the air entering the tower, and the outlet temperature difference is the difference between the outlet water temperature of the radiator and the outlet air temperature.

[0014] Optionally, the step of calculating the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference and the inlet / outlet air temperature difference using a preset calculation formula includes:

[0015] Based on the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient according to the formula The overall heat dissipation coefficient is calculated; where Q is the heat dissipation of the radiator, A is the windward area, and T is the heat dissipation coefficient. m The logarithmic mean temperature difference;

[0016] The heat dissipation Q is calculated according to the formula Q=m·c·(T_{\text{in}}-T_{\text{out}}), where m is the circulating water volume, c is the specific heat capacity of water, T_{\text{in}} is the inlet water temperature, and T_{\text{out}} is the outlet water temperature.

[0017] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0018] Based on the changing trend of the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient, the degree of contamination on the radiator surface or the thickness of scale inside the pipe is determined, and a maintenance warning signal is generated.

[0019] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a heat transfer performance monitoring device is provided, comprising:

[0020] An acquisition unit is used to acquire the outlet temperature of at least one outlet.

[0021] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature based on the outlet air temperature, and to calculate the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet air of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters.

[0022] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator based on the logarithmic average temperature difference and the inlet and outlet air temperature difference, according to a preset calculation formula.

[0023] The output unit is used to use the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient as a quantitative indicator of the heat transfer performance of the cooling tower, and to perform real-time online analysis and output through an industrial control computer.

[0024] Optionally, the acquisition unit is further configured to:

[0025] The system acquires real-time data on the cooling tower's outlet air temperature, inlet air dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, radiator inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and circulating water flow rate.

[0026] Optionally, the first computing unit is further configured to:

[0027] The logarithmic mean temperature difference is calculated according to the formula The inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower is calculated; where T1 is the inlet temperature difference and T2 is the outlet temperature difference; the inlet temperature difference is the difference between the inlet water temperature of the radiator and the dry bulb temperature of the air entering the tower, and the outlet temperature difference is the difference between the outlet water temperature of the radiator and the outlet air temperature.

[0028] Optionally, the second computing unit is further configured to:

[0029] Based on the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient according to the formula The overall heat dissipation coefficient is calculated; where Q is the heat dissipation of the radiator, A is the windward area, and T is the heat dissipation coefficient. m The logarithmic mean temperature difference;

[0030] The heat dissipation Q is calculated according to the formula Q=m·c·(T_{\text{in}}-T_{\text{out}}), where m is the circulating water volume, c is the specific heat capacity of water, T_{\text{in}} is the inlet water temperature, and T_{\text{out}} is the outlet water temperature.

[0031] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0032] The judgment unit is used to determine the degree of contamination on the surface of the radiator or the thickness of scale inside the pipe based on the changing trend of the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient, and to generate a maintenance warning signal.

[0033] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0034] At least one processor; and

[0035] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0036] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method described in the first aspect above.

[0037] According to a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided storing computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are configured to cause the computer to perform the method described in the first aspect above.

[0038] According to a fifth aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect above.

[0039] The heat transfer performance monitoring method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium disclosed herein mainly include: acquiring the outlet temperature of at least one outlet; calculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature based on the outlet temperature, and calculating the inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters; calculating the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference and the inlet and outlet air temperature difference using a preset calculation formula; and using the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient as a quantitative indicator of the heat transfer performance of the cooling tower, and performing real-time online analysis and output through an industrial control computer. This application achieves a real-time, multi-dimensional quantitative assessment of heat transfer performance by calculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference at the outlet and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet air, using a preset calculation formula to obtain the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient as a quantitative indicator of the cooling tower's heat transfer performance, and then performing real-time online analysis and output via an industrial control computer. This is achieved instead of relying on manual periodic inspections or single-parameter assessments. Therefore, it solves the technical problems in existing technologies where the use of manual periodic inspections or single-parameter assessments leads to delayed identification of performance change trends and an inability to distinguish the superimposed effects of external pollution and internal scaling, thus affecting the optimization and maintenance decisions of the cooling system. This achieves the technical effects of accurately identifying performance change trends in real time, effectively distinguishing the superimposed effects of external pollution and internal scaling, and optimizing the operation and maintenance decisions of the cooling system.

[0040] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand this solution and do not constitute a limitation of this disclosure. Wherein:

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring heat transfer performance provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a heat transfer performance monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0044] Figure 3A schematic diagram of another heat transfer performance monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device provided for embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding, and should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0047] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for monitoring heat transfer performance according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring heat transfer performance provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 101: Obtain the outlet temperature of at least one outlet;

[0051] The outlet specifically refers to the throat area of ​​the indirect air-cooled tower. Due to the air flow characteristics, this area can maintain a uniform air flow velocity and is not easily affected by external ambient winds. This provides a stable environmental condition for accurately measuring the outlet temperature, avoids temperature measurement deviations caused by unstable airflow, and ensures the reliability of the basic data required for subsequent heat transfer performance calculations.

[0052] Before measuring the outlet air temperature, measurement points must be set up according to specific rules. Specifically, measurement points should be arranged in equal-area rings along two perpendicular diameters at the throat of the indirect air-cooled tower, with no fewer than 10 such rings. This ensures that the measurement results comprehensively reflect the overall temperature distribution in the throat region, avoiding the problem of local temperature data failing to represent the overall outlet air temperature due to insufficient or uneven distribution of measurement points. The distance from the tower center to each measurement point needs to be determined using a specific calculation method. This distance is related to the tower throat radius, the measurement point number from the tower center, and the number of equal-area rings. This calculation method ensures that each equal-area ring covers an equal area of ​​the throat region, further improving the rationality of the measurement point distribution and the representativeness of the temperature measurement.

[0053] The device used to measure the outlet air temperature is a thermometer. This thermometer must meet specific performance requirements. Its resolution should not be greater than 0.2℃. Specifically, resolution refers to the smallest temperature change that the thermometer can identify and display. Lower resolution ensures that the thermometer can capture minute changes in the outlet air temperature. At the same time, the instrument accuracy should not be lower than 0.5 grade. Instrument accuracy represents how close the thermometer measurement result is to the actual temperature value. Higher instrument accuracy can reduce measurement errors and ensure that the obtained outlet air temperature data is accurate and effective, providing accurate temperature input for the subsequent calculation of relevant parameters of the heat transfer performance of the indirect air-cooled tower.

[0054] Step 102: Based on the outlet air temperature, calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature, and calculate the inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters.

[0055] When calculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature, it is necessary to first clarify the core role of this temperature difference. Since the heat exchange between the hot water and air inside the air-cooled radiator tubes is cross-flow, the actual heat exchange calculation follows the counter-flow rule. The logarithmic mean temperature difference is a key parameter for measuring the average temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids in this counter-flow heat exchange process, directly affecting the accuracy of subsequent heat dissipation and overall heat dissipation coefficient calculations. Calculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference relies on two basic temperature difference data: the outlet temperature difference and the inlet temperature difference. The outlet temperature difference refers to the difference between the radiator inlet water temperature and the cooling tower outlet air temperature (i.e., the outlet air temperature obtained in step 101), while the inlet temperature difference refers to the difference between the radiator outlet water temperature and the cooling tower inlet air temperature. Both of these basic temperature differences are obtained from real-time monitoring of key points of the air-cooled tower to ensure that the data is consistent with the actual operating conditions. After obtaining the outlet and inlet temperature differences, the logarithmic mean temperature difference is derived through specific calculation logic. This process effectively avoids the local deviations that may exist in a single temperature difference measurement and more comprehensively reflects the temperature interaction between the hot and cold fluids during the heat exchange process.

[0056] When calculating the inlet and outlet air temperature difference of a cooling tower based on the incoming air parameters, it is essential to first identify the core indicator directly related to this temperature difference calculation: the inlet air temperature (i.e., the dry-bulb temperature of the incoming air). The acquisition of the inlet air temperature must adhere to standardized measurement point layout requirements to ensure it represents the initial temperature state of the air entering the air-cooled tower, avoiding data distortion due to improper measurement point locations. The calculation logic for the inlet and outlet air temperature difference is as follows: using the outlet air temperature obtained in step 101 (i.e., the cooling tower outlet air temperature) as a benchmark, subtract the inlet air temperature; the resulting difference is the inlet and outlet air temperature difference. This temperature difference directly reflects the temperature change of the air after it flows through the air-cooled tower and exchanges heat with the radiator. Its magnitude can initially reflect the heating effect of the air-cooled tower on the air, and indirectly reflect the heat transfer capacity of the radiator, providing fundamental data support for further calculation of the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient and evaluation of the overall heat transfer performance.

[0057] Step 103: Calculate the overall heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference and the inlet / outlet air temperature difference using a preset calculation formula.

[0058] The pre-defined calculation formula is based on the fundamental principles of heat transfer and the law of energy conservation. Before calculating the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient, it is necessary to clarify the logical relationship of the key parameters involved in the formula. The calculation of the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient must be based on the heat dissipation of the radiator. The heat dissipation is the core bridge connecting the water-side heat exchange and the air-side heat exchange. Its value needs to be determined by the previously monitored circulating water volume, the specific heat of water, and the inlet and outlet water temperatures of the radiator. The circulating water volume must be taken from measurement data that conforms to the straight pipe layout specifications to ensure that it reflects the actual water flow. The specific heat of water is a fixed physical parameter (4.2 × 10⁻⁶). 3 J / (kg·℃) represents the amount of heat absorbed or released when the temperature of a unit mass of water changes by 1℃; the inlet and outlet water temperatures of the radiator reflect the temperature difference of the water before and after heat exchange. The three together determine the amount of heat transferred from the water to the air through the radiator per unit time, i.e., the heat dissipation.

[0059] Another key parameter directly related to the overall heat dissipation coefficient in the formula is the windward area. This area needs to be calculated based on the structural parameters of the radiator, specifically related to the number, height, and width of the cooling triangles. It is crucial to ensure that the area parameter used in the calculation matches the actual size of the windward surface of the radiator involved in heat exchange, avoiding distortion of the coefficient calculation due to area deviation. The logarithmic mean temperature difference, calculated in step 102, reflects the average temperature driving force of the hot water and air in the crossflow heat exchange process within the air-cooled radiator tubes. Its accuracy directly affects the calculation precision of the overall heat dissipation coefficient. Although the inlet and outlet air temperature difference is not directly included in the core calculation formula of the overall heat dissipation coefficient, it can be used to verify the rationality of the heat dissipation calculation—the temperature rise of the air after flowing through the radiator (i.e., the inlet and outlet air temperature difference) and the heat released by the water should theoretically satisfy the law of conservation of energy. If the deviation between the two is within a reasonable range, the reliability of the heat dissipation and subsequent overall heat dissipation coefficient calculation results can be further confirmed. Finally, by integrating parameters such as heat dissipation, windward area, and logarithmic mean temperature difference through a preset calculation formula, an overall heat dissipation coefficient that accurately reflects the heat transfer performance of the radiator can be obtained.

[0060] Step 104: The comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient is used as a quantitative indicator of the heat transfer performance of the cooling tower, and is analyzed and output in real time by an industrial control computer.

[0061] The comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient can be used as a quantitative indicator because its calculation process fully integrates key parameters such as heat dissipation, windward area, and logarithmic mean temperature difference. These parameters are related to the water-side heat transfer efficiency, the structural characteristics of the radiator that actually participate in heat exchange, and the temperature interaction effect between the hot and cold fluids. It can comprehensively and intuitively reflect the current heat transfer capacity of the radiator. When the coefficient is within the standard range under the equipment design conditions, or basically matches the coefficient data during historical normal operation, it indicates that the overall heat transfer performance of the cooling tower is stable. If the coefficient continues to decline, it usually means that there may be dust, catkins, or other floating matter deposited on the surface of the radiator fins, or that a scale layer affecting heat transfer has formed inside the pipe, indicating that the heat transfer performance has deteriorated.

[0062] The industrial control computer plays a core role in data processing and result presentation during this process. First, it establishes a stable connection with the data acquisition card via a data acquisition cable, receiving various basic monitoring data (such as inlet and outlet water temperature, circulating water volume, inlet air dry-bulb temperature, and relative humidity) transmitted from the data acquisition card in real time. Based on the previously determined calculation logic, it automatically calls up the generated comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient data and compares it with the preset heat transfer performance benchmark value (such as the rated comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient during equipment design) or historical normal operation data in real time. This allows it to quickly identify whether the current comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient is within a reasonable range. If a deviation exceeds the allowable range, it can immediately capture the fluctuation trend of heat transfer performance. Second, the industrial control computer can output the analyzed results in an intuitive form. The output includes not only the real-time comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient value but also the curve of the coefficient's change over a unit of time. This allows staff to directly and clearly grasp the dynamic changes in the cooling tower's heat transfer performance without complex manual calculations. This provides a direct basis for determining whether maintenance operations such as radiator cleaning and pipe descaling are needed, ensuring that the cooling tower always maintains a high-efficiency heat transfer state and avoiding the impact of heat transfer performance degradation on overall operating efficiency.

[0063] In some embodiments, obtaining the outlet temperature of at least one outlet includes:

[0064] The system acquires real-time data on the cooling tower's outlet air temperature, inlet air dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, radiator inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and circulating water flow rate.

[0065] The outlet air temperature of a cooling tower, i.e., the temperature of the air at the outlet, must be precisely located at the throat of the cooling tower. This area exhibits a uniform airflow velocity due to its airflow characteristics and is less susceptible to interference from external ambient winds, minimizing the impact of airflow instability on temperature measurement and ensuring the reliability of the outlet air temperature data. Specifically, the measuring points are arranged in an equal-area ring pattern on two mutually perpendicular diameters, with at least 10 equal-area rings. The distance from the tower center to each measuring point is determined through specific calculation logic, taking into account the tower throat radius, the measuring point number from the tower center, and the number of equal-area rings. This ensures that each equal-area ring covers an equal area of ​​the throat region, comprehensively reflecting the overall temperature distribution of the tower air and avoiding the inability of local temperature data to represent the overall state due to uneven measuring point distribution. The thermometer used to measure this temperature must meet strict performance specifications, with a resolution of no more than 0.2℃ (resolution refers to the smallest temperature change that the thermometer can recognize and display; lower resolution can capture minute temperature fluctuations), and an instrument accuracy of no less than 0.5 class (instrument accuracy represents how close the measurement result is to the actual temperature; higher accuracy reduces measurement errors).

[0066] The dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure of the air entering the cooling tower are key environmental parameters. The measuring points for these parameters should be arranged at a horizontal distance of 1m and a height of 1.5m from the edge of the radiator at the air inlet, with four measuring points evenly distributed around the circumference of the air inlet. This arrangement ensures that the collected air parameters match the initial air conditions entering the cooling tower, avoiding deviations from actual operating conditions due to improper measuring point locations. Measuring these parameters requires a meteorological station. Atmospheric pressure is obtained using a pressure gauge with a resolution of 0.1hPa, and relative humidity is measured using a hygrometer with an accuracy of ±2%. The resolution and accuracy requirements of the thermometer used for dry-bulb temperature measurement are the same as those for the air exiting the cooling tower.

[0067] The measuring points for the radiator inlet water temperature are located on the radiator inlet header, and the measuring points for the outlet water temperature are located on the return header. Both use platinum resistance thermometers with a resolution of no more than 0.2℃ and an accuracy of no less than 0.5. This setup accurately captures the temperature changes of water entering and leaving the radiator, directly reflecting the heat transfer during the heat exchange process. The measuring points for the circulating water flow rate are located on the straight section of the circulating water header. The length of this straight section must be greater than 15 times the diameter of the header. The ultrasonic flow meter is specifically installed 10 times the diameter of the header before and 5 times the diameter after the straight section. This installation requirement avoids interference from pipe bends, valves, and other components, ensuring that the circulating water flow rate measurement data accurately reflects the actual water flow velocity and flow rate, providing precise data input for subsequent calculations of radiator heat dissipation and overall heat dissipation coefficient.

[0068] In some embodiments, calculating the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature based on the outlet air temperature, and calculating the inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters, includes:

[0069] The logarithmic mean temperature difference is calculated according to the formula The inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower is calculated; where T1 is the inlet temperature difference and T2 is the outlet temperature difference; the inlet temperature difference is the difference between the inlet water temperature of the radiator and the dry bulb temperature of the air entering the tower, and the outlet temperature difference is the difference between the outlet water temperature of the radiator and the outlet air temperature.

[0070] The calculation of the logarithmic mean temperature difference relies on a specific formula, which is expressed as T_m=(ΔT2-ΔT1) / ln(ΔT2 / ΔT1), where ΔT1 represents the inlet temperature difference and ΔT2 represents the outlet temperature difference. The logarithmic calculation logic here can effectively avoid the local deviation of a single temperature difference measurement, and more comprehensively reflect the average temperature driving force of hot water and air (counter-flow heat exchange is calculated as counter-flow) in the heat exchange process of air-cooled radiator tubes, ensuring the rationality of subsequent heat dissipation-related parameter calculations.

[0071] The inlet temperature difference ΔT1 is the difference between the radiator inlet water temperature and the inlet tower air dry-bulb temperature. The radiator inlet water temperature is obtained by a platinum resistance thermometer installed on the radiator inlet header. This thermometer must meet the requirements of resolution not greater than 0.2℃ and instrument accuracy not less than 0.5 grade to ensure that the captured water temperature data is consistent with the actual inlet water temperature. The inlet tower air dry-bulb temperature is monitored at the air inlet. The measuring point must be set at a horizontal distance of 1m and a height of 1.5m from the edge of the radiator, and four measuring points should be evenly arranged in the circumference of the air inlet. The data is collected by a temperature measuring device that meets the accuracy requirements to ensure that the data can represent the initial temperature state of the air entering the cooling tower and avoid the distortion of temperature difference calculation due to improper measuring point location.

[0072] The outlet temperature difference ΔT2 is the difference between the radiator outlet water temperature and the tower outlet air temperature (i.e., the outlet air temperature). The radiator outlet water temperature is measured by a platinum resistance thermometer arranged on the return water header. The resolution and accuracy of this thermometer are required to be consistent with the inlet water temperature measuring equipment to ensure that it reflects the true temperature of the water after heat exchange. The tower outlet air temperature is obtained from the measuring points at the throat of the cooling tower. The measuring points are arranged in an equal-area ring pattern on two mutually perpendicular diameters (the number of equal-area rings is not less than 10). The temperature data is collected by a thermometer with a resolution of not more than 0.2℃ and an accuracy of not less than 0.5 grade. The accuracy of the temperature data is ensured by taking advantage of the uniform airflow velocity at the throat and the small interference from external wind.

[0073] When calculating the air temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of a cooling tower, the dry-bulb temperature of the inlet air is used as a benchmark. The difference is obtained by subtracting the dry-bulb temperature of the inlet air from the outlet air temperature. This temperature difference directly reflects the temperature change of the air after it has exchanged heat with the radiator as it flows through the cooling tower. Its magnitude can initially reflect the effectiveness of the radiator in transferring heat to the air. Together with the logarithmic mean temperature difference, it forms the key basic data for subsequent calculation of the radiator's overall heat dissipation coefficient, ensuring that the overall heat dissipation coefficient truly reflects the radiator's heat transfer performance.

[0074] In some embodiments, calculating the overall heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference and the inlet / outlet air temperature difference using a preset calculation formula includes:

[0075] Based on the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient according to the formula The overall heat dissipation coefficient is calculated; where Q is the heat dissipation of the radiator, A is the windward area, and T is the heat dissipation coefficient. m The logarithmic mean temperature difference;

[0076] The heat dissipation Q is calculated according to the formula Q=m·c·(T_{\text{in}}-T_{\text{out}}), where m is the circulating water volume, c is the specific heat capacity of water, T_{\text{in}} is the inlet water temperature, and T_{\text{out}} is the outlet water temperature.

[0077] Before calculating the overall heat dissipation coefficient, the heat dissipation Q of the radiator must first be obtained using a preset calculation formula. The formula for calculating the heat dissipation is Q = m·c·(T_{\text{in}}-T_{\text{out}}), where all parameters must be obtained based on standardized monitoring methods: m is the circulating water volume, which must be measured by an ultrasonic flow meter installed on a straight pipe of the circulating water main pipe. The length of this straight pipe must be greater than 15 times the diameter of the main pipe (D is the diameter of the main pipe). The flow meter is specifically installed 10D before and 5D after the straight pipe. This arrangement avoids interference from pipe bends, valves, and other components on the water flow, ensuring that the measured circulating water volume accurately reflects the actual flow of water within the radiator; c is the specific heat capacity of water, a fixed physical parameter with a value of 4.2 × 10⁻⁶. 3J / (kg·℃) represents the heat absorbed or released per unit mass of water when the temperature changes by 1℃, requiring no additional measurement; T_{\text{in}} is the radiator inlet water temperature, measured by a platinum resistance thermometer placed on the radiator inlet header, and T_{\text{out}} is the radiator outlet water temperature, measured by a platinum resistance thermometer placed on the return header. Both types of thermometers have a resolution of no more than 0.2℃ and an instrument accuracy of no less than 0.5 class, which can accurately capture the temperature change of water during the process of entering and flowing out of the radiator, ensuring that (T_{\text{in}}-T_{\text{out}}) can accurately reflect the temperature drop of water when passing through the radiator, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the heat dissipation Q calculation.

[0078] In the formula, A represents the windward area, which is the effective area of ​​the radiator in direct contact with the air for heat exchange. This area needs to be determined based on the radiator's structural parameters to ensure it matches the actual area involved in heat exchange. ΔT_m represents the logarithmic mean temperature difference, calculated earlier based on the inlet temperature difference (the difference between the radiator inlet water temperature and the dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the tower) and the outlet temperature difference (the difference between the radiator outlet water temperature and the outlet air temperature). This temperature difference comprehensively reflects the average temperature driving force of the hot and cold fluids during the heat exchange process. Substituting the heat dissipation Q, windward area A, and logarithmic mean temperature difference ΔT_m obtained through standardized methods into the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient calculation formula yields the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient, which accurately reflects the radiator's heat transfer efficiency. This provides crucial data support for subsequent evaluation of the overall heat transfer performance of the cooling tower.

[0079] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0080] Based on the changing trend of the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient, the degree of contamination on the radiator surface or the thickness of scale inside the pipe is determined, and a maintenance warning signal is generated.

[0081] The overall heat dissipation coefficient, as a core indicator reflecting the heat transfer capacity of a radiator, is directly related to the cleanliness of the radiator. When dust, catkins, and other floating matter accumulate on the radiator surface due to long-term contact with air, or when scale forms inside the pipes due to increased operating time, it will hinder the transfer of heat between the hot water inside the pipes and the air outside the pipes, causing the overall heat dissipation coefficient to show a downward trend. Moreover, the more severe the pollution and the thicker the scale, the greater the decrease in the coefficient. Therefore, by tracking the trend of this coefficient, the actual pollution and scale status of the radiator can be inferred.

[0082] First, a baseline reference value for the overall heat dissipation coefficient needs to be established. This baseline value is usually selected from the overall heat dissipation coefficient when the radiator is newly put into operation, with no obvious surface contamination and no scale buildup inside the pipes, or the coefficient value when the radiator has been thoroughly cleaned and descaled and restored to its optimal heat transfer state. This serves as the benchmark for judging subsequent performance changes. Subsequently, the overall heat dissipation coefficient calculated in real time is continuously recorded and its trend is analyzed by an industrial control computer to observe its fluctuation direction and amplitude over a period of time: If the overall heat dissipation coefficient only shows a small and slow decrease, and the decrease is within the preset slight deviation range, it usually indicates that there is slight dust or catkin deposition on the radiator surface, which has not yet had a significant impact on the overall heat transfer performance; if the coefficient decreases rapidly, or the decrease exceeds the preset moderate deviation range, it may mean that the surface contamination of the radiator has worsened, or a thin scale layer has begun to form inside the pipes, and further changes in heat transfer performance need to be monitored; if the coefficient drops below the preset severe deviation threshold, and the downward trend continues without relief, it indicates that there has been serious contamination accumulation on the radiator surface, or the scale thickness inside the pipes has reached a level that affects normal heat transfer, and timely maintenance is required.

[0083] When the overall heat dissipation coefficient reaches the corresponding warning threshold, the industrial control computer will automatically generate a maintenance warning signal. This warning signal will not only be output in real time on the industrial control computer interface in the form of data pop-ups and indicator lights, but also can push reminder information to relevant maintenance personnel according to preset settings, clearly indicating the type of maintenance work to be performed (such as surface cleaning, high-pressure water flushing, or internal pipe descaling). This helps maintenance personnel to keep abreast of the radiator's status, avoid further degradation of heat transfer performance due to continued contamination or scaling, ensure that the indirect air-cooled tower always maintains a highly efficient and stable operating state, and reduce the adverse effects of insufficient heat transfer efficiency on the overall system operation.

[0084] Corresponding to the above-described method for monitoring heat transfer performance, this invention also proposes a device for monitoring heat transfer performance. Since the device embodiments of this invention correspond to the method embodiments described above, details not disclosed in the device embodiments can be referred to in the method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0085] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat transfer performance monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0086] Acquisition unit 21 is used to acquire the outlet temperature of at least one outlet.

[0087] The first calculation unit 22 is used to calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature based on the outlet air temperature, and to calculate the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet air of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters.

[0088] The second calculation unit 23 is used to calculate the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator based on the logarithmic average temperature difference and the inlet and outlet air temperature difference, according to a preset calculation formula.

[0089] Output unit 24 is used to use the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient as a quantitative indicator of the heat transfer performance of the cooling tower, and to perform real-time online analysis and output through an industrial control computer.

[0090] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this disclosure, the acquisition unit 21 is further configured to:

[0091] The system acquires real-time data on the cooling tower's outlet air temperature, inlet air dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, radiator inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and circulating water flow rate.

[0092] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this disclosure embodiment, the first computing unit 22 is further configured to:

[0093] The logarithmic mean temperature difference is calculated according to the formula The inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower is calculated; where T1 is the inlet temperature difference and T2 is the outlet temperature difference; the inlet temperature difference is the difference between the inlet water temperature of the radiator and the dry bulb temperature of the air entering the tower, and the outlet temperature difference is the difference between the outlet water temperature of the radiator and the outlet air temperature.

[0094] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this embodiment, the second computing unit 23 is further configured to:

[0095] Based on the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient according to the formula The overall heat dissipation coefficient is calculated; where Q is the heat dissipation of the radiator, A is the windward area, and T is the heat dissipation coefficient. m The logarithmic mean temperature difference;

[0096] The heat dissipation Q is calculated according to the formula Q=m·c·(T_{\text{in}}-T_{\text{out}}), where m is the circulating water volume, c is the specific heat capacity of water, T_{\text{in}} is the inlet water temperature, and T_{\text{out}} is the outlet water temperature.

[0097] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown, the device further includes:

[0098] The judgment unit 25 is used to judge the degree of contamination on the surface of the radiator or the thickness of scale inside the pipe based on the changing trend of the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient, and generate a maintenance warning signal.

[0099] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the method embodiments also applies to the apparatus of the embodiments of this disclosure, and the principle is the same. Therefore, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0100] According to embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0101] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 300 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0102] like Figure 4 As shown, device 300 includes a computing unit 301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in ROM (Read-Only Memory) 302 or a computer program loaded from storage unit 308 into RAM (Random Access Memory) 303. RAM 303 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of device 300. The computing unit 301, ROM 302, and RAM 303 are interconnected via bus 304. I / O (Input / Output) interface 305 is also connected to bus 304.

[0103] Multiple components in device 300 are connected to I / O interface 305, including: input unit 306, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 307, such as various types of monitors, speakers, etc.; storage unit 308, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 309, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 309 allows device 300 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0104] The computing unit 301 can be various general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 301 include, but are not limited to, CPUs (Central Processing Units), GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), various special-purpose AI (Artificial Intelligence) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 301 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as methods for monitoring heat transfer performance. For example, in some embodiments, the method for monitoring heat transfer performance may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 308. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on device 300 via ROM 302 and / or communication unit 309. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 303 and executed by the computing unit 301, one or more steps of the methods described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 301 may be configured to perform the aforementioned method for monitoring heat transfer performance by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0105] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), ASSPs (Application-Specific Standard Products), SOCs (System-on-Chips), CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0106] The program code used to implement the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0107] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, RAM, ROM, EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory) or flash memory, optical fiber, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0108] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user (e.g., a CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) or LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor); and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0109] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication (e.g., communication networks) of any form or medium. Examples of communication networks include LANs (Local Area Networks), WANs (Wide Area Networks), the Internet, and blockchain networks.

[0110] Computer systems can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally geographically separated and typically interact via communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. A server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, a hosting product within the cloud computing service ecosystem, addressing the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS (Virtual Private Server, or simply "VPS") services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability. Servers can also be servers for distributed systems or servers incorporating blockchain technology.

[0111] It's important to note that artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of enabling computers to simulate certain human thought processes and intelligent behaviors (such as learning, reasoning, thinking, and planning). It encompasses both hardware and software technologies. AI hardware technologies generally include sensors, dedicated AI chips, cloud computing, distributed storage, and big data processing. AI software technologies primarily include computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, machine learning / deep learning, big data processing, and knowledge graph technologies.

[0112] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0113] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring heat transfer performance, characterized in that, include: Obtain the outlet temperature of at least one outlet; Based on the outlet air temperature, calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature, and calculate the inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters. The overall heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator is calculated based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference and the inlet and outlet air temperature difference using a preset calculation formula. The comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient is used as a quantitative indicator of the heat transfer performance of the cooling tower, and is analyzed and output in real time online by an industrial control computer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the outlet temperature of at least one outlet includes: The system acquires real-time data on the cooling tower's outlet air temperature, inlet air dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, radiator inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and circulating water flow rate.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature based on the outlet air temperature, and the calculation of the inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters, include: The logarithmic mean temperature difference is calculated according to the formula The inlet and outlet air temperature difference of the cooling tower is calculated; where T1 is the inlet temperature difference and T2 is the outlet temperature difference; the inlet temperature difference is the difference between the inlet water temperature of the radiator and the dry bulb temperature of the air entering the tower, and the outlet temperature difference is the difference between the outlet water temperature of the radiator and the outlet air temperature.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator based on the logarithmic mean temperature difference and the inlet / outlet air temperature difference using a preset calculation formula includes: Based on the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient according to the formula The overall heat dissipation coefficient is calculated; where Q is the heat dissipation of the radiator, A is the windward area, and T is the heat dissipation coefficient. m The logarithmic mean temperature difference; The heat dissipation Q is calculated according to the formula Q=m·c·(T_{\text{in}}-T_{\text{out}}), where m is the circulating water volume, c is the specific heat capacity of water, T_{\text{in}} is the inlet water temperature, and T_{\text{out}} is the outlet water temperature.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the changing trend of the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient, the degree of contamination on the radiator surface or the thickness of scale inside the pipe is determined, and a maintenance warning signal is generated.

6. A device for monitoring heat transfer performance, characterized in that, include: An acquisition unit is used to acquire the outlet temperature of at least one outlet. The first calculation unit is used to calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the outlet air temperature based on the outlet air temperature, and to calculate the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet air of the cooling tower based on the inlet air parameters. The second calculation unit is used to calculate the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient of the radiator based on the logarithmic average temperature difference and the inlet and outlet air temperature difference, according to a preset calculation formula. The output unit is used to use the comprehensive heat dissipation coefficient as a quantitative indicator of the heat transfer performance of the cooling tower, and to perform real-time online analysis and output via an industrial control computer.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The acquisition unit is also used for: The system acquires real-time data on the cooling tower's outlet air temperature, inlet air dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, radiator inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and circulating water flow rate.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-5.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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