Permanent magnet suppressed secondary electron high power heavy ion faraday cup

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of accelerator beam diagnosis, and provides a Faraday cylinder for high-power heavy ions with permanent magnet secondary electron suppression, which comprises a head and a moving device, the head comprises a collecting cup, a permanent magnet and a fixing support, the collecting cup is used for receiving beam particles and secondary electrons generated by beam electron bombardment; the permanent magnet is used for suppressing secondary electron escape; the fixing support is used for fixing the collecting cup and the permanent magnet according to the beam motion direction; the moving device is connected with the fixing support, and the moving device is used for driving the head to switch between a working state and a non-working state. The application receives beam particles and secondary electrons generated by beam electron bombardment through the collecting cup, suppresses secondary electron escape through the permanent magnet, fixes the collecting cup and the permanent magnet according to the beam motion direction through the fixing support, and the permanent magnet can effectively suppress high-energy electron escape, thereby greatly increasing the accuracy of high-energy beam current measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of accelerator beam diagnostics technology, and more particularly to a high-power heavy ion faraday tube for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial subsystem of an accelerator, the beam diagnostic system measures parameters such as beam intensity, beam position, beam profile, and emittance. These parameters effectively assist accelerator physicists in performing efficient machine debugging and facility operation. Beam intensity is a key indicator of an accelerator's acceleration capability; therefore, accurate beam intensity measurement is a fundamental requirement for any beam diagnostic system.

[0003] A Faraday tube is a detection device designed based on the principle of electrostatic induction. It is primarily used for the precise measurement of the charge of charged particles, beam current intensity, or particle flux. Named for its adherence to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, it is a fundamental measurement tool in particle physics, vacuum technology, materials science, and other fields. Faraday tubes are commonly used interceptor current measurement detectors, with a dynamic range for beam current measurement from picoamperes to amperes.

[0004] In low- and medium-energy accelerators, the Faraday cage typically uses a collecting cup to collect the main beam and a bias ring to apply a negative bias. Because the energy and mass of the main beam are relatively small, applying a 100-volt bias to the bias ring can suppress the escape of secondary electrons with 100 eV energies, enabling efficient and accurate measurement.

[0005] However, in the high-energy heavy ion transport section, because charged heavy ions have extremely high momentum, they strike the Faraday tube, and the resulting secondary electrons also have very high energies, reaching the keV level. A single electrostatic field with a bias voltage of a few hundred volts is insufficient to suppress these keV-level high-energy secondary electrons, resulting in the inability to suppress the secondary electrons of high-energy heavy ions and inaccurate measurement of the main beam current. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a high-power heavy ion Faraday cup with permanent magnet suppression of secondary electrons, which solves the problem of suppressing high-energy secondary electrons generated after high-energy heavy ion bombardment of the collection cup in the prior art, and can effectively suppress the escape of high-energy electrons, thereby greatly increasing the accuracy of high-energy beam current measurement.

[0007] This invention provides a high-power heavy ion faraday cup with permanent magnet suppression of secondary electrons, comprising: A head and a motion device, the head comprising: The collecting cup is used to receive the bombardment of beam particles and collect the secondary electrons generated by the bombardment. Permanent magnets are used to suppress the escape of secondary electrons; A fixed bracket is used to fix the collecting cup and the permanent magnet in the direction of beam movement; The motion device is connected to the fixed bracket and is used to drive the head to switch between a working state and a non-working state.

[0008] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion collector for suppressing secondary electrons using a permanent magnet is provided. The collecting cup is made of oxygen-free copper. The collecting cup has a spiral rising water channel inside and is provided with an inlet and an outlet. Cooling water enters the spiral rising water channel from the inlet and flows out from the outlet. Both the inlet and the outlet are provided with a ground insulation device.

[0009] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons using a permanent magnet is provided, wherein the ground-insulating device comprises: Metal water pipes are connected to the inlet and outlet respectively; A ceramic ring is brazed to the middle of the metal water pipe, and the ceramic ring is used to insulate the collection cup from the ground.

[0010] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion tube for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet is provided, wherein the metal water pipe and the ceramic ring are connected by Kovar.

[0011] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion tube for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet is provided, wherein the metal water pipe and the ceramic ring are connected by Kovar.

[0012] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons using a permanent magnet is provided, wherein the head further includes: A first sealing flange is disposed at one end of the fixed bracket; A vacuum feeder is installed on the first sealing flange; the vacuum feeder is connected to the collecting cup via an enameled wire.

[0013] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons using a permanent magnet is provided, wherein the motion device comprises: A bellows flange assembly is connected to the fixed bracket; The motion component is connected at one end to the bellows flange assembly; A cylinder assembly is connected to the other end of the motion component, and the cylinder assembly is used to provide power to the motion component.

[0014] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion tube for suppressing secondary electrons using a permanent magnet is provided, wherein the bellows flange assembly comprises: The second sealing flange is connected to the first sealing flange to complete the vacuum seal; the second sealing flange is a loose flange. An interface flange is disposed on the side of the second sealing flange opposite to the first sealing flange; A connecting rod passes through the interface flange, and one end of the connecting rod is connected to the shoulder ring of the second sealing flange; A telescopic tube is connected to one end of the interface flange facing away from the second sealing flange. The telescopic tube is sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting rod, and the end of the telescopic tube away from the interface flange is connected to the other end of the connecting rod.

[0015] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons using a permanent magnet is provided, wherein the motion component includes: Base; The guide rail slider is slidably connected to the base. The nut seat is connected to the cylinder assembly on one side and to the telescopic tube on the other side.

[0016] According to the present invention, a high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons using a permanent magnet is provided, wherein the motion component includes: Base; The guide rail slider is slidably connected to the base. The nut seat is connected to the cylinder assembly on one side and to the telescopic tube on the other side.

[0017] The high-power heavy ion Faraday cup for suppressing secondary electrons provided by this invention uses a permanent magnet to receive beam particles and secondary electrons generated by beam electron bombardment through a collecting cup. The permanent magnet suppresses the escape of secondary electrons, and the fixed support fixes the collecting cup and the permanent magnet in the direction of beam movement. The permanent magnet can effectively suppress the escape of high-energy electrons, greatly increasing the accuracy of high-energy beam intensity measurement.

[0018] In addition, the present invention has a spiral rising water channel inside the collecting cup, and both the inlet and outlet are equipped with ground insulation devices, so that the Faraday cylinder head can withstand a pulse beam with a maximum power of 10kW, which meets the requirements for power beam current intensity measurement.

[0019] Furthermore, in this invention, the motion device is connected to the fixed bracket, and the head is driven by the motion device to switch between working and non-working states, enabling insertion and removal during operation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-power heavy ion Faraday tube for suppressing secondary electrons with permanent magnets provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a head side view of the high-power heavy ion Faraday tube for suppressing secondary electrons with permanent magnets provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a top view of the head of the high-power heavy ion Faraday tube for suppressing secondary electrons using permanent magnets, provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a top view of the motion device for a high-power heavy ion generator that suppresses secondary electrons using a permanent magnet, provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the motion device of the high-power heavy ion Faraday cylinder for suppressing secondary electrons with permanent magnets provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 The collecting cup in this invention is subjected to a 10kW heat analysis.

[0027] Figure 7 This invention uses CTS simulation software to simulate the magnetic field distribution of a permanent magnet.

[0028] Figure label: 1. Head; 2. Motion device; 11. Collection cup; 12. Permanent magnet; 13. Fixed bracket; 14. First sealing flange; 15. Vacuum feedthrough; 16. Metal water pipe; 17. Ceramic gasket; 18. Ceramic ring; 21. Bellows flange assembly; 22. Motion assembly; 23. Cylinder assembly; 211. Second sealing flange; 212. Connecting rod; 213. Interface flange; 214. Telescopic tube; 221. Base; 222. Guide rail slider; 223. Nut seat; 231. Cylinder body; 232. Solenoid valve; 233. Air nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] The following is combined Figures 1-7 The high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons, as described in this invention, includes a head 1 and a motion device 2. The motion device 2 drives the head 1 to reciprocate, switching the head 1 between an operating state and a non-operating state. When the head 1 is inserted, it can capture a beam of charged particles, thus being in an operating state; when the head 1 is removed, it does not obstruct the beam of charged particles, thus being in a non-operating state.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the head 1 includes a collecting cup 11, a permanent magnet 12, and a fixing bracket 13. The collecting cup 11 is used to receive beam particles and secondary electrons generated by beam electron bombardment. The collecting cup 11 is made of a material with good thermal conductivity. Copper has good thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity as high as 401 W / (m·K), and is usually chosen as the target material. Sometimes, considering the radiation dose of its derivatives under high-energy beam bombardment, aluminum is also chosen as the target material. The size of the collecting cup opening is determined by the beam spot size, usually ±5 times the root mean square value of the beam spot. The thickness of the collecting cup is determined by the energy deposition and the water channel depth. This embodiment is applied to the 100 MeV energy region of the HEBT section of the accelerator, and the wall thickness of the collecting cup in the beam injection direction is 28 mm. Constant temperature water (20°C) flows in from the bottom inlet of the collecting cup at a flow rate of about 4 L / min and flows out from the top outlet, carrying away heat and achieving a water cooling effect. Figure 6 The water-cooled simulation thermal analysis is shown.

[0032] Permanent magnet 12 is used to suppress the escape of secondary electrons. In this process, the Lorentz force of the magnetic field constrains the charged particles, altering the trajectory of the secondary electrons and preventing them from escaping the material surface or target area. The permanent magnet generates a stable magnetic field in the target area. As a charged particle, the secondary electron experiences a Lorentz force while moving within the magnetic field. The direction of this force is perpendicular to both the electron's velocity and the magnetic field direction, causing the electron's trajectory to deflect. The suppression effect of the permanent magnet depends on the matching of the magnetic field strength with the energy of the secondary electrons. In practical applications, the permanent magnet is selected based on the energy range of the target secondary electrons, and the magnetic field distribution is optimized through the magnet's shape to ensure a uniform and sufficiently strong magnetic field near the surface.

[0033] It should be noted that this invention is aimed at high-energy heavy ion beams. The permanent magnet does not affect the trajectory of the incident heavy ion beam. When heavy ions reach the collection cup 11, they will generate a large number of high-energy secondary electrons. The main purpose is to solve the problem of high-energy secondary electrons escaping.

[0034] The fixed bracket 13 is used to fix the collecting cup and the permanent magnet in the direction of beam movement. The motion device 2 is connected to the fixed bracket 13 and is used to drive the head 1 so that the head 1 switches between working and non-working states.

[0035] The high-power heavy ion Faraday cup with permanent magnet suppression of secondary electrons provided in this embodiment can effectively suppress the escape of high-energy electrons and greatly increase the accuracy of high-energy beam current measurement.

[0036] In one feasible embodiment of the present invention, the collecting cup 11 is made of oxygen-free copper. Oxygen-free copper has good electrical and thermal conductivity. As a material for the collecting cup, it can efficiently conduct the collected charge to ensure the accuracy of the current intensity measurement, and can also quickly transfer the heat generated by particle bombardment away, achieving effective heat dissipation in conjunction with the cooling system. The collecting cup 11 has a spiral rising water channel inside. As a material for the collecting cup, it can efficiently conduct the collected charge to ensure the accuracy of the current intensity measurement, and can also quickly transfer the heat generated by particle bombardment away, achieving effective heat dissipation in conjunction with the cooling system.

[0037] Furthermore, the collecting cup 11 is equipped with an inlet and an outlet (not shown in the figure); cooling water enters the spiral rising water path from the inlet and flows out from the outlet, forming a complete cooling circulation system. Both the inlet and outlet are equipped with ground insulation devices to prevent the collected charge from being lost through the grounding path and to ensure that all charge can be captured by the measuring system, thereby achieving accurate measurement of the current intensity.

[0038] Specifically, the ground insulation device may include a metal water pipe 16 and a ceramic ring 18. The metal water pipe 16 is connected to both the inlet and outlet, and serves to transport cooling water. The ceramic ring 18 is brazed to the middle of the metal water pipe 16, and is used to insulate the collecting cup 11 from the ground. By utilizing the inherent insulating properties of ceramic material, the metal water pipe 16 is divided into two sections, thereby blocking the conductive path formed between the collecting cup 11 and the ground through the water channel, thus achieving electrical isolation between the collecting cup 11 and the ground. With the collecting cup 11 insulated from the ground, the head 1 can achieve accurate measurement of the current intensity.

[0039] In a feasible embodiment of the present invention, the metal water pipe 16 and the ceramic ring 18 are connected by Kovar. Specifically, both ends of the ceramic ring 18 are metallized, and then both ends are brazed with Kovar. The Kovar end of the ceramic ring 18 is connected to the metal water pipe 16 by argon arc welding, and the Kovar end of the ceramic ring 18 is connected to the collection cup 11.

[0040] In a feasible embodiment of the present invention, the collecting cup 11 and the fixing bracket 13 are insulated by a ceramic pad 17, thereby achieving electrical isolation between the two.

[0041] In a feasible embodiment of the present invention, the head 1 further includes a first sealing flange 14 and a vacuum feeder 15. The first sealing flange 14 is disposed at one end of the fixed bracket 13; the vacuum feeder 15 is disposed on the first sealing flange 14; the vacuum feeder 15 is connected to the collecting cup 11 through an enameled wire, thereby realizing the acquisition of the current intensity signal and ensuring the vacuum seal.

[0042] Additionally, the permanent magnet 12 of the head 1 includes an iron core and a permanent magnet block. The iron core is made of DT4 material, and the permanent magnet block is fixed inside the iron core. The permanent magnet block is made of N50M material. The central magnetic field of the excitation permanent magnet is 160Gs, the uniformity of the good field area is 15%, and the magnetic field leakage in the beam direction is controlled within 15Gs outside ±100mm. Figure 7 This is the magnetic field distribution of the permanent magnet model in the CST simulation.

[0043] Among them, the fixed bracket 13 is preferably made of pure titanium material, taking into account mechanical strength and weight.

[0044] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in a feasible embodiment of the present invention, the motion device 2 includes a bellows flange assembly 21, a motion component 22, and a cylinder assembly 23. The bellows flange assembly 21 is connected to the first sealing flange 14; one end of the motion component 22 is connected to the bellows flange assembly 21; the cylinder assembly 23 is connected to the other end of the motion component 22, and the cylinder assembly 23 provides power to the motion component 22. The bellows flange assembly 21 functions to deform with the motion while maintaining the sealing of the connection point, and the flange structure ensures the mechanical strength of the connection, as the motion component 22 moves the collecting cup 11. The motion component 22 is the intermediate carrier for transmitting power and executing motion. One end is fixedly supported by the bellows flange assembly 21, and the other end is connected to the cylinder assembly 23. Its function is to convert the power of the cylinder assembly 23 into stable linear motion, ultimately driving the collecting cup 11 to adjust its position. The cylinder assembly 23 provides power to ensure the adjustability of the motion.

[0045] In a feasible embodiment of the present invention, the bellows flange assembly 21 includes a second sealing flange 211, an interface flange 213, a connecting rod 212, and a telescopic tube 214. The second sealing flange 211 is connected to the first sealing flange 14 to complete a vacuum seal; the second sealing flange 211 is a loose flange; the interface flange 213 is disposed on the side of the second sealing flange 211 facing away from the first sealing flange 14; the connecting rod 212 passes through the interface flange 213, and one end of the connecting rod 212 is connected to the shoulder ring of the second sealing flange 211; the telescopic tube 214 is connected to the end of the interface flange 213 facing away from the second sealing flange 211, and the telescopic tube 214 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting rod 212, with the end of the telescopic tube 214 away from the interface flange 213 connected to the other end of the connecting rod 212. After the head 1 and the bellows flange assembly 21 complete the seal, the connecting rod 212 can move back and forth while the telescopic tube 214 is compressed, thus ensuring a vacuum seal.

[0046] In a feasible embodiment of the present invention, the motion component 22 includes a base 221, a guide rail slider 222, and a nut seat 223. To ensure installation accuracy and smooth movement, the base 221 is integrally formed from a 6063 aluminum block using a CNC center, with a flatness of 0.15mm on the mounting surface of the base 221 and the guide rail slider 222. After machining, the base 221 undergoes a black anodized aluminum surface treatment. The guide rail slider 222 is slidably connected to the base 221, and the guide rail slider 222 uses HIWIN guide rails. One side of the nut seat 223 is connected to the cylinder assembly 23, and the other side is connected to the telescopic tube 214. When the cylinder assembly 23 moves the nut seat 223, it causes the telescopic tube 214 to extend or retract, thereby causing the connecting rod 212 to move the bellows flange assembly 21. The gap between the guide rail and the slider is in the range of 10 micrometers to meet the motion accuracy requirements.

[0047] In a feasible embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder assembly 23 includes a cylinder body 231, a solenoid valve 232, and a nozzle 233. The cylinder body 231 is connected to a nut seat 223; the solenoid valve 232 is disposed in the air circuit and is used to control the opening of the air circuit; the nozzle 233 is connected to the main air pipeline through an air pipe, and the nozzle 233 provides pressure to the cylinder body. This embodiment is applied to the 100 MeV energy region of the HEBT segment of an accelerator. All components of the cylinder body are made of metal, and the cylinder rod completes the extension and retraction action under the control of the solenoid valve 232. The nozzle 233 is connected to the main air pipeline through a metal air pipe, providing 5 kg of pressure to the cylinder. This ensures that the water-cooled Faraday probe can complete a smooth and stable insertion and withdrawal movement under the action of the target's own weight and high pressure.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0049] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "method," "specific method," or "some methods," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or method is included in at least one embodiment or method of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or method. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or methods. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or methods described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or methods.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet, characterized in that, Includes a head (1) and a motion device (2), wherein the head (1) includes: The collecting cup (11) is used to receive beam particles and secondary electrons generated by beam electron bombardment; A permanent magnet (12) is used to suppress the escape of secondary electrons; wherein, the permanent magnet 12 includes an iron core and a permanent magnet block, the iron core material is DT4, the permanent magnet block is fixed inside the iron core, the permanent magnet block material is N50M, the magnetic field at the center of the permanent magnet after excitation is 160Gs, the uniformity of the good field area is 15%, and the magnetic field leakage in the beam direction is controlled within 15Gs outside ±100mm; The fixed bracket (13) is used to fix the collecting cup and the permanent magnet in the direction of beam movement; The motion device (2) is connected to the fixed bracket (13), and the motion device (2) is used to drive the head (1) so that the head (1) switches between working and non-working states; The collecting cup (11) is made of oxygen-free copper. The collecting cup (11) has a spiral rising water channel inside and is provided with an inlet and an outlet. Cooling water enters the spiral rising water channel from the inlet and flows out from the outlet. Both the inlet and the outlet are provided with ground insulation devices. The ground insulation devices include a metal water pipe (16) and a ceramic ring (18). The metal water pipe (16) is connected to the inlet and the outlet respectively. The ceramic ring (18) is brazed to the middle of the metal water pipe (16). The ceramic ring (18) is used to achieve ground insulation of the collecting cup (11).

2. The high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The metal water pipe (16) and the ceramic ring (18) are connected by Kovar.

3. The high-power heavy ion faraday cage for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The collecting cup (11) and the fixing bracket (13) are insulated by a ceramic pad (17).

4. The high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The head (1) also includes: The first sealing flange (14) is disposed at one end of the fixed bracket (13); A vacuum feeder (15) is provided on the first sealing flange (14); the vacuum feeder (15) is connected to the collecting cup (11) by an enameled wire.

5. The high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The motion device (2) includes: The bellows flange assembly (21) is connected to the first sealing flange (14); The motion component (22) is connected at one end to the bellows flange assembly (21); A cylinder assembly (23) is connected to the other end of the motion assembly (22), the cylinder assembly (23) being used to provide power to the motion assembly (22).

6. The high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The bellows flange assembly (21) includes: The second sealing flange (211) is connected to the first sealing flange (14) to complete the vacuum seal; the second sealing flange (211) is a loose flange; An interface flange (213) is disposed on the side of the second sealing flange (211) facing away from the first sealing flange (14); A connecting rod (212) passes through the interface flange (213), and one end of the connecting rod (212) is connected to the shoulder ring of the second sealing flange (211); The telescopic tube (214) is connected to one end of the interface flange (213) facing away from the second sealing flange (211). The telescopic tube (214) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting rod (212). One end of the telescopic tube (214) away from the interface flange (213) is connected to the other end of the connecting rod (212).

7. The high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The motion component (22) includes: Base (221); The guide rail slider (222) is slidably connected to the base (221); The nut seat (223) is connected to the cylinder assembly (23) on one side and to the telescopic tube (214) on the other side.

8. The high-power heavy ion generator for suppressing secondary electrons with a permanent magnet as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The cylinder assembly (23) includes: The cylinder body (231) is connected to the nut seat (223); A solenoid valve (232) is installed in the air circuit, and the solenoid valve (232) is used to control the opening degree of the air circuit; The nozzle (233) is connected to the main air pipe via an air pipe, and the nozzle (233) provides pressure to the cylinder body (231).

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