Self-locking composite board box transformer substation

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-locking composite board box transformer substation, and relates to the technical field of box transformer substations, the self-locking composite board box transformer substation comprises a base, support columns, a top cover, a door frame and an outer chamber door, the support columns are fixed at four corners of the base and are connected with the top cover, the door frame is connected with the adjacent support columns, and the outer chamber door is spliced in the door frame to form a sealed storage space; special-shaped positioning inserting grooves are formed in the side faces of the corners of the supporting stand columns, special-shaped positioning guide rails matched with the special-shaped positioning inserting grooves are arranged on the side faces of the door frame, and interlocking type meshing structures are formed between the special-shaped positioning guide rails and the special-shaped positioning inserting grooves. A containing groove is formed in the supporting stand column, a self-locking assembly is arranged in the containing groove, the self-locking assembly comprises a first abutting block, a second abutting block and a third abutting block which can slide synchronously, and the first abutting block is used for being embedded into the embedding groove of the special-shaped positioning guide rail. The method has the effect of comprehensively improving the long-term reliability and the operation safety of the box transformer substation structure.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of box transformers, and in particular to a self-locking composite plate box transformer. BACKGROUND

[0002] In power substation equipment, the structural stability of the box body of the box transformer is a key determinant of its long-term reliability and operational safety. The box body, as the protective shell of the internal core electrical equipment (including high-voltage switches, transformers, low-voltage distribution devices, etc.) of the box transformer (pre-installed substation), aims to provide multiple environmental protection, such as dustproof, rainproof, moisture-proof, and theft-proof, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the internal equipment and the safety of the operating personnel. The box body design also needs to take into account good heat dissipation and insulation performance, which is an important component of realizing the compactness, integration, and outdoor application of box transformers.

[0003] However, although the traditional box transformer box body structure can meet the basic operational requirements, its inherent defects become increasingly apparent when dealing with complex or harsh working environments. For example, the interface connection between the door frame and the support column often lacks sufficient mechanical stability and effective self-locking mechanisms. This structural deficiency makes it prone to looseness when subjected to external vibrations or drastic temperature changes, thereby affecting the operational stability of the internal equipment. In addition, the connection between the support column and the base often exhibits insufficient mechanical strength, although it can provide some degree of support, the overall structural rigidity and external load resistance still need to be significantly improved to ensure the sustained reliability of the equipment throughout its life cycle. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a self-locking composite plate box transformer, which has the effect of comprehensively improving the long-term reliability and operational safety of the box transformer structure.

[0005] The self-locking composite plate box transformer provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution: A self-locking composite plate box transformer, comprising a base, support columns, a top cover, a door frame, and an outer room door, the support columns are fixed at the four corners of the base and connected with the top cover, the door frame connects adjacent support columns, and the outer room door is spliced inside the door frame to form a sealed storage space; the corner side of the support column is provided with a special-shaped positioning slot, the side of the door frame is provided with a special-shaped positioning guide rail matched with the special-shaped positioning slot, and an interlocking engagement structure is formed between the special-shaped positioning guide rail and the special-shaped positioning slot; the inside of the support column is provided with a mounting groove, and a self-locking assembly is arranged in the mounting groove, the self-locking assembly comprises first, second, and third abutting blocks that can slide synchronously, the first abutting block is used for embedding into the embedding groove of the special-shaped positioning guide rail, and the second and third abutting blocks are used for engaging and locking with the reinforced steel inside the support column.

[0006] Preferably, the cross-sectional size of the profiled positioning guide rail gradually increases from the bottom upwards, the cross-sectional size of the bottom of the profiled positioning guide rail is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the inner cavity of the profiled positioning slot, and the middle part of the guide rail forms an embedding groove extending in the length direction, and the opening edge of the embedding groove converges inward to form a barb structure.

[0007] Preferably, the installation slots of the self-locking assembly are respectively connected with the inner walls of the profiled positioning slots and the inner walls of the reinforcing holes to form notches, the end of the first abutting block is provided with a guide slope, the outer side of the guide slope is provided with a serrated first interlocking groove, and the ends of the second abutting block and the third abutting block are provided with second interlocking grooves matched with the inner surface interlocking blocks of the reinforcing steel.

[0008] Preferably, the inside of the support column is symmetrically provided with upper and lower through reinforcing holes, the reinforcing hole is provided with an arc segment structure reinforcing steel, the reinforcing steel generates radial pre-stress through elastic deformation and the reinforcing hole, and the bottom of the reinforcing steel is welded to the base and forms a support force transmission path with the installation slot.

[0009] Preferably, the driving part of the self-locking assembly includes a central rotating block, the lower surface of the rotating block is provided with an eccentric strip-shaped groove, a guide block is slidably connected in the strip-shaped groove and drives the abutting block to move synchronously, the top of the rotating block is connected with a turbine, the turbine is connected with an external rotating interface through a worm, and the external rotating interface adopts a polygonal head structure.

[0010] Preferably, the first interlocking groove and the second interlocking groove are embedded with shape memory alloy materials, and the restoring force generated by phase change during temperature change automatically adjusts the contact pressure of the abutting block and the guide rail or the reinforcing steel.

[0011] Preferably, a T-shaped partition plate is arranged above the base, the partition plate divides the storage space into a high-voltage cabinet cavity, a low-voltage cabinet cavity and a transformer cavity, bottom plates are arranged in the high-voltage cabinet cavity, the low-voltage cabinet cavity and the transformer cavity, and the height of the bottom plate of the high-voltage cabinet cavity is higher than that of the low-voltage cabinet cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the outer chamber door adopts a composite plate structure, the composite plate includes, from the outside to the inside, a high-strength metal panel, an elastic waterproof coating, an insulating core material and a flame-retardant inner base layer, and the metal panel and the inner base layer form an integral force-bearing structure through chemical bonding and an adhesive.

[0013] Preferably, an inlet hole is arranged in the side wall of the high-voltage cabinet cavity, the inlet hole penetrates through the base and is connected with an external cable channel, and the low-voltage cabinet cavity and the high-voltage cabinet cavity form an electromagnetic isolation barrier through the T-shaped partition plate.

[0014] Preferably, the insulating core material adopts high-density foam material with closed-cell structure, the metal panel and the inner base layer are respectively made of non-magnetic alloy and flame-retardant composite material, and the interfaces between the layers of the composite board are formed into continuous bearing surfaces through reaction curing coating or structural adhesive.

[0015] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The self-locking mechanism eliminates the sway and gap through geometric engagement, friction locking and SMA intelligent compensation, ensuring that the connection remains stable under vibration or temperature fluctuations. Once maintenance is required, the reverse rotation drive can be unlocked to facilitate the quick disassembly of the door frame or reinforcing steel, significantly improving maintenance efficiency. The entire process from structure building, material protection to mechanical self-locking forms high efficiency, safety and intelligence.

[0016] 2. Not only effectively enhances the structural stability and vibration resistance of the connection interface between the door frame and the supporting column, but also helps to strengthen the overall rigidity between the supporting column and the base, thereby comprehensively improving the long-term reliability and operation safety of the box transformer structure.

[0017] 3. The composite board mainly includes Al-Mg-Zn alloy metal panel, high-elasticity polyurea-epoxy waterproof coating, high-density closed-cell hard PIR foam insulating core material, and flame-retardant FRP inner base layer. The metal panel is mainly responsible for resisting external environmental erosion and physical impact, and the Al-Mg-Zn alloy plate with high strength and corrosion resistance is selected, which has high-performance corrosion resistance and unique non-magnetic properties to help reduce the influence of the electromagnetic field inside the box transformer. The waterproof coating uses a two-component reaction-cured polyurea-epoxy hybrid coating to ensure the ultimate waterproof performance and long-lasting adhesion of the composite board, preventing moisture and rain from penetrating the internal structure and prolonging the service life of the box transformer. The insulating core material adopts high-density PIR foam, which provides excellent thermal insulation performance and excellent flame retardant performance, effectively reduces the internal temperature rise of the box transformer, saves energy consumption, and at the same time ensures the fire safety of the box transformer in extreme conditions such as fire. The inner base layer adopts flame-retardant FRP plate, which provides a solid mounting base for the internal equipment of the box transformer, and has good mechanical strength, impact resistance and insulation performance. The layers are tightly combined through various connection methods to ensure at least three effective connections, forming a whole protection system. These components work together to build a composite board system with corrosion resistance, fire resistance, thermal insulation and vibration reduction performance. In terms of working principle, the metal panel first resists the influence of the external environment, then the waterproof coating blocks the penetration of moisture, the insulating core material effectively insulates and prevents fire, and the inner base layer provides a solid mounting base, thereby ensuring the long-term stable operation of the box transformer while reducing maintenance costs and improving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1is the overall structure schematic diagram of the composite board box transformer in embodiment 1; Figure 2 is the overall structure explosion diagram of the composite board box transformer in embodiment 1; Figure 3 is the overhead structure schematic diagram of the distribution of the first cavity, the second cavity and the third cavity in embodiment 1; Figure 4 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the composite board in embodiment 2; Figure 5 is the overall schematic diagram of the sliding connection structure between the support column and the door frame in embodiment 3; Figure 6 is the overall schematic diagram of the sliding connection structure between the reinforcing steel and the support column in embodiment 3; Figure 7 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the self-locking assembly in embodiment 3; Figure 8 is the overall internal structure schematic diagram of the driving member in embodiment 3; Figure 9 is the explosion structure schematic diagram between the guide block and the third resisting block in embodiment 3; Mark explanation: 1, base; 2, support column; 3, top cover; 4, door frame; 5, outer room door; 6, louver; 7, partition; 8, first cavity; 9, second cavity; 10, third cavity; 11, bottom plate; 12, well hole; 13, metal panel; 14, waterproof coating; 15, insulation core material; 16, inner base layer; 17, special-shaped positioning slot; 18, special-shaped positioning guide rail; 19, embedding groove; 20, reinforcing hole; 21, reinforcing steel; 22, installation groove; 23, self-locking assembly; 2301, installation block; 2302, strip-shaped channel; 2303, first resisting block; 2304, second resisting block; 2305, third resisting block; 2306, driving member; 230601, cylindrical cavity; 230602, rotating block; 230603, strip-shaped slot; 230604, guide block; 230605, turbine; 230606, rotating rod; 230607, vortex rod; 230608, octagonal head; 24, second interlocking slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It is necessary to point out here that the following detailed description is only used to further illustrate the application, and cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the application, and the skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the application according to the above application content. EMBODIMENT

[0020] The application discloses a self-locking type composite board box transformer, like Figure 1As shown, it comprises a base 1, four corners of the upper surface of the base 1 are fixedly installed with support columns 2, the top of the support column 2 is installed with a top cover 3, two adjacent support columns 2 are connected through a door frame 4, the inside of the door frame 4 is provided with a room door 5, a plurality of room doors 5 are spliced in the inside of the door frame 4 and enclose a sealed storage space between the base 1 and the top cover 3, As shown in Figure 1 The base 1, the support column 2 and the top cover 3 jointly constitute a solid cuboid framework. This framework provides overall structural stability for bearing the weight of internal transformers, switch devices and the like, and resisting external wind load, snow load and the like environmental forces. The door frame 4 connects adjacent support columns 2 to provide a mounting interface for the enclosure room door 5. A plurality of room doors 5 are made of composite materials. These composite boards serve as enclosure walls and are spliced in the inside of the door frame 4 to jointly enclose the sealed internal space of the cubical transformer.

[0021] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The room door 5 is provided with an upper and lower opening shutter 6. The shutter 6 can adjust the opening angle. In the case of door closing, it can still realize the air circulation between indoor and outdoor, which is helpful to keep the indoor air fresh, dissipate odor and reduce indoor temperature, especially in hot weather or when natural ventilation is needed.

[0022] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The upper surface of the base 1 is provided with a partition plate 7 with a T-shaped cross section. The partition plate 7 divides the storage space into a first cavity 8 for storing high-voltage cabinets, a second cavity 9 for storing low-voltage cabinets and a third cavity 10 for storing transformers in turn. Strict physical isolation must be provided between high-voltage cabinets and low-voltage cabinets to prevent high-voltage side failure from affecting the low-voltage side and to ensure personal and equipment safety. The transformer is the core component of power conversion and generates heat and may have noise during operation. Independent storage of the transformer helps to dissipate heat, reduce the impact of noise on other equipment and facilitate individual maintenance. Partitioning by the partition plate 7 is in line with the power equipment arrangement and safety operation specifications, aiming to minimize electrical hazards and failure propagation risks.

[0023] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 Specifically, the T-shaped structure can provide stronger structural rigidity and bearing capacity compared to a simple flat partition plate 7. It acts like a "skeleton" supporting the equipment above the base 1 and effectively dispersing the bearing force of the base 1, enhancing the overall stability. This is particularly important for bearing heavy equipment such as high-voltage cabinets, low-voltage cabinets and transformers.

[0024] As shown in Figure 3As shown, further, the interiors of the first cavity 8 and the second cavity 9 are each provided with a floor 11, the floor 11 in the first cavity 8 being higher than the floor 11 in the second cavity 9, so that the low-voltage cabinet in the second cavity 9 is lower than the high-voltage cabinet in the first cavity 8, and a strong electromagnetic field is generated when the high-voltage cabinet is in operation, causing electromagnetic interference to the surrounding sensitive low-voltage control circuit and signal line. By increasing the vertical distance, the electromagnetic field generated by the high-voltage equipment can be effectively attenuated to reduce the coupling to the low-voltage equipment.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 1, the first cavity 8 and the second cavity 9 are arranged in parallel, and the first cavity 8 is higher than the second cavity 9. Figure 3 As shown, the interior of the first cavity 8 is provided with a well hole 12, which provides a structured and reserved passage for the cables to be safely and orderly introduced from the underground or lower cable layer to the interior of the cavity where the high-voltage cabinet is located, and then connected to the terminals of the high-voltage cabinet. Embodiment

[0026] As shown in FIG. 1, the first cavity 8 and the second cavity 9 are arranged in parallel, and the first cavity 8 is higher than the second cavity 9. Figure 4 As shown, the composite board comprises, from the outside to the inside, a metal panel 13, a waterproof coating 14, an insulating core material 15, and an inner base layer 16. First, the metal panel 13 serves as the outermost layer of the composite board and bears the primary responsibility of resisting external environmental erosion and physical impact. In order to achieve the best performance, a high-strength and corrosion-resistant Al-Mg-Zn alloy sheet is selected. Compared with traditional galvanized steel sheets, this alloy sheet has superior corrosion resistance, especially in harsh environments such as coastal areas, high humidity, or industrial pollution. After precise pretreatment of the surface, a high-molecular-weight, ultraviolet-cured polyester or fluorocarbon powder coating is applied. This coating not only provides an additional corrosion-resistant barrier and excellent weather resistance, such as resistance to ultraviolet aging and acid rain erosion, but also gives the composite board a beautiful, durable color and an easy-to-clean surface. In addition, the non-magnetic properties of the Al-Mg-Zn alloy sheet help to reduce the impact of the internal electromagnetic field of the box transformer on the external environment and provide preliminary electromagnetic shielding for the box transformer, ensuring the stable operation of the internal electrical equipment.

[0027] As shown in FIG. 1, the first cavity 8 and the second cavity 9 are arranged in parallel, and the first cavity 8 is higher than the second cavity 9. Figure 4As shown, next to the inner side of the metal panel 13 is the meticulously constructed waterproof coating 14. To ensure the ultimate waterproof performance and long-lasting adhesion, the waterproof coating 14 adopts a two-component, reaction-cured high-elasticity polyurea-epoxy hybrid coating system. This waterproof coating 14 first forms a firm chemical bond with the metal panel 13 using the epoxy component, providing excellent base adhesion and corrosion protection; then, the polyurea component imparts the coating with excellent elasticity and flexibility, effectively coping with the slight deformation of the metal panel 13 due to temperature changes without cracking or delamination. After curing, it forms a dense, non-porous elastic film with extremely low water vapor permeability and excellent chemical corrosion resistance, serving as a second line of defense even in the case of surface coating damage on the metal panel 13, completely blocking the penetration of external moisture and rain, protecting the internal structure from moisture erosion, and thus greatly extending the service life of the composite panel and even the entire tank transformer.

[0028] As shown, Figure 4 Furthermore, the core of the composite panel is the insulating core material 15, which is crucial to the energy efficiency and safety of the tank transformer. We innovatively selected high-density, closed-cell structured rigid polyisocyanurate foam. Rigid polyisocyanurate foam, with its excellent thermal conductivity, ensures excellent thermal insulation performance, effectively reducing the internal temperature rise of the tank transformer, reducing cooling load, and thus saving operating energy consumption. More importantly, PIR foam has excellent flame retardant performance, and its unique carbonization layer formation mechanism makes it difficult to burn and spread in the event of a fire, effectively improving the fire safety level of the tank transformer. Its closed-cell structure ensures almost zero water absorption, so even if the external waterproof layer is accidentally damaged, the core material will not lose its insulation and thermal insulation performance due to water absorption. In addition, high-density PIR foam also provides good structural support and sound insulation, reducing the noise generated by the internal equipment of the tank transformer.

[0029] As shown, Figure 4 In addition, as the innermost layer of the composite panel, the inner base layer 16 is designed to provide strong internal support, excellent electrical insulation, and serve as a base for internal equipment installation. The inner base layer 16 is a high-strength, flame-retardant fiberglass-reinforced composite material FRP panel. The FRP panel is made of non-alkali glass fiber and special phenolic resin or modified epoxy resin, making it have excellent mechanical strength, impact resistance, and excellent insulation performance. The phenolic resin substrate further enhances the fire safety of the tank transformer with its excellent self-extinguishing and low smoke properties. The surface of the FRP panel is specially treated, smooth and easy to clean, and has good chemical corrosion resistance, able to resist corrosive substances such as oil stains, acid and alkali gases that may exist inside the tank transformer. It provides a strong, insulating and dimensionally stable base for the installation of internal electrical components, ensuring the long-term stability and safety of equipment layout.

[0030] AsFigure 4 As shown, the connection mode between layers is the key to realize the overall performance of the composite board. Between the metal panel 13 and the waterproof coating 14, the microscopic surface roughness after the curing of the powder coating and the chemical bonding and mechanical anchoring of the epoxy component in the polyurea-epoxy mixed coating realize the close combination. This connection not only provides extremely high initial bonding strength, but also realizes firm locking at the molecular level through the permeability of the epoxy component. Between the waterproof coating 14 and the insulating core material 15, the semi-interfacial chemical reaction and high-strength bonding of the polyurea-epoxy mixed coating with the PIR foam surface before complete curing are realized. The high elasticity of the polyurea component ensures that the bonding layer remains intact without peeling even under the difference in expansion and contraction of different materials caused by temperature difference. Between the insulating core material 15 and the inner base layer 16, high-performance two-component polyurethane structural adhesive is used for full-surface bonding. This structural adhesive has excellent shear strength, aging resistance and wide temperature adaptation range, and can firmly bond the PIR foam and the FRP board into a whole, ensuring the structural integrity and load transfer capability of the composite board under various operating conditions.

[0031] As shown in Figure 4 Particularly critical is that the Al-Mg-Zn alloy plate and the powder coating provide the first extreme corrosion, sun protection and impact resistance barrier. The high-elasticity polyurea-epoxy waterproof coating 14 below it serves as the second line of defense against water leakage, completely isolating moisture, even if the external coating is damaged, it can ensure the internal dryness. These two layers of external protection structure and the closed-cell PIR foam of the core material together build a highly tough, weather-resistant and long-life protection system, greatly extending the service life of the box transformer and significantly reducing the maintenance cost throughout the life cycle.

[0032] As shown in Figure 4 Secondly, the integrated thermal management and fire safety have been fundamentally improved. The PIR insulating core material 15 provides extraordinary thermal insulation performance, effectively blocking the transfer of external extreme temperature to the inside of the box transformer, maintaining a stable temperature environment required for the operation of internal equipment. At the same time, the excellent flame-retardant properties of the PIR core material, combined with the fireproof barrier effect of the flame-retardant FRP board of the inner base layer 16, form a multi-level fire safety system. Once an internal electrical fault causes a fire, this composite structure can effectively prevent the spread of fire, gaining valuable time for personnel evacuation and fire rescue, greatly improving the intrinsic safety of the box transformer.

[0033] As shown in Figure 4As shown, a balance is achieved between optimized structural strength and lightweight design. High-strength Al-Mg-Zn alloy sheets and flame-retardant FRP inner base layer 16 serve as the panel, providing excellent bending and impact resistance. Meanwhile, the high-density PIR foam core, while filling the space, provides continuous support to the panel with its shear strength, evenly distributing the localized load on the panel and avoiding the deformation and vibration easily caused by traditional thin-plate structures. This sandwich composite structure creates a "load-bearing shell" effect, ensuring extremely high structural stiffness and strength while significantly reducing weight compared to traditional all-metal boxes. This greatly facilitates transportation, hoisting, and on-site installation, and reduces the requirements for foundation bearing capacity.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, furthermore, enhanced electromagnetic compatibility and acoustic management are crucial. The outer metal panel 13 forms an effective Faraday cage, providing excellent electromagnetic shielding for internal electrical equipment through reliable grounding with the overall structure of the transformer substation. This effectively suppresses the generation and propagation of electromagnetic interference, ensuring the stable operation of sensitive control systems. Simultaneously, the multi-layered composite structure, especially the PIR foam core material, possesses excellent sound absorption and insulation properties, effectively attenuating noise generated by the high-voltage equipment inside the transformer substation, reducing noise pollution to the surrounding environment, and enhancing the green attributes of the transformer substation operation.

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, this self-locking composite panel transformer, through the synergistic application of the aforementioned materials, not only provides an unprecedented level of protection and operational reliability, but also achieves breakthroughs in structural lightweighting, thermal management, fire safety, and environmental friendliness. Example

[0036] During the installation of the transformer substation, due to its large size, the portal frame 4 is currently typically temporarily fixed manually after hoisting and positioning, and then finally connected to the supporting column 2 by welding. However, before welding, a significant amount of time and manpower is required for repeated precise calibration and alignment, which not only prolongs the installation cycle but also increases the complexity of the operation and the skill requirements of the installers. Moreover, if the portal frame 4 is damaged during subsequent use, its welded connection will greatly hinder its rapid disassembly and replacement. This leads to a more complex and time-consuming maintenance process, and may result in longer equipment downtime. Under long-term operation or specific stress conditions, the welded connection between the portal frame 4 and the supporting column 2 is prone to fatigue cracks or deformation due to stress concentration, leading to loosening of the connection and causing the portal frame 4 to shake. This not only damages the overall structural integrity and reliability of the transformer substation but may also affect the safe operating life of the equipment.

[0037] To solve the above technical problems, in the embodiment, by optimizing the connection mechanism between the door frame 4 and the support column 2, the quick disassembly and replacement of the door frame 4 are realized, thereby significantly improving the maintenance efficiency. The core lies in the integration of a self-locking assembly 23 inside the support column 2, which can provide adjustable fixation function after the door frame 4 is positioned and assembled, ensuring the accuracy and firmness of the connection. This design not only effectively enhances the structural stability and anti-vibration performance of the connection interface between the door frame 4 and the support column 2, but also helps to strengthen the overall rigidity between the support column 2 and the base, thereby comprehensively improving the long-term reliability and operation safety of the box transformer structure.

[0038] As shown in Figure 5 , specifically, the two opposite sides of the door frame 4 are provided with special-shaped positioning guide rails 18, and the two adjacent corner sides of the support column 2 are provided with special-shaped positioning slots 17 matched with the special-shaped positioning guide rails 18. The special-shaped positioning slots 17 are through from top to bottom. When the door frame 4 is hoisted above the support column 2 and the guide rails are aligned with the top of the slots, the specific cross-sectional shape of the special-shaped positioning guide rails 18 can accurately slide into the special-shaped positioning slots 17. Since the special-shaped positioning slots 17 are through from top to bottom, by applying downward pressure to the special-shaped positioning slots 17, the door frame 4 can be smoothly lowered along the vertical path of the special-shaped positioning slots 17. Until the door frame 4 is completely in place, thereby realizing automatic centering and positioning.

[0039] As shown in Figure 5 , once the special-shaped positioning guide rails 18 completely fall into the special-shaped positioning slots 17, the central region of the special-shaped positioning guide rails 18 extending along the length direction forms a groove 19, and the opening edge of the groove 19 converges inward, meaning that the internal space of the groove 19 is wider than its opening. This geometry forms a barb, dovetail or T-slot profile in the central region of the guide rail. Correspondingly, there must be a complementary protrusion or special-shaped head structure on the special-shaped positioning slots 17. When the door frame 4 is installed downward, this complementary structure can pass through the narrower opening of the groove 19 and then enter its wider internal space. Once the special-shaped positioning guide rails 18 on the door frame 4 completely sink into the special-shaped positioning slots 17 of the support column 2, the barb structure of the special-shaped positioning guide rails 18 will tightly engage with the complementary structure of the special-shaped positioning slots 17. This engagement is interlocking, meaning that it effectively prevents the door frame 4 from separating or sliding in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction by geometric constraints. The door frame 4 is no longer just held in place by gravity or friction, but is actively grabbed and fixed by mechanical structure.

[0040] The traditional flat slot can only resist pressure perpendicular to the contact surface, while the undercut or converging edge of the nesting slot 19 can effectively resist lateral forces that would pull or push the door frame 4 away from the support post 2. This interlocking engagement provides a higher level of structural integrity and through the interlocking engagement, the door frame 4 and the support post 2 form a more compact, less wobbly unit. It eliminates the small gaps between the components and potential relative movement, thus improving the overall torsional and bending resistance of the structure.

[0041] As shown in Figure 6 The cross-sectional size of the profiled positioning rail 18 gradually increases as it extends upward from its base, meaning that the cross-section of the profiled positioning rail 18 is gradually increasing, forming a tapered or wedge-shaped structure. And the cross-sectional size of the base of the profiled positioning rail 18 is smaller than the internal cavity cross-sectional size of the profiled positioning slot 17. This feature ensures that the profiled positioning rail 18 can be easily inserted into the profiled positioning slot 17, just like the tip of a wedge easily enters a gap. This provides good guidance, simplifies the initial alignment during installation, and reduces installation difficulty and required time.

[0042] As the profiled positioning rail 18 is further pressed into the profiled positioning slot 17, its gradually increasing cross-section will come into contact with the internal walls of the slot and exert pressure. This contact is gradual, and as the insertion depth increases, the fit becomes tighter and tighter, eventually forming a tight, gap-free bond.

[0043] The tapered base of the profiled positioning rail 18 makes initial insertion simple, even in poor visibility or limited space conditions, quickly and accurately aligning and starting to connect the two components. This greatly improves installation efficiency. Through the gradual wedge, any small gaps between the connected components can be effectively eliminated. This tight fit is crucial for applications that require high-precision positioning and reduced vibration. The gapless tight fit makes the connection between the door frame 4 and the support post 2 more solid and stable, reducing wobble and relative movement. This is very important for structures that bear loads or need to maintain stability in dynamic environments.

[0044] As shown in Figure 6As shown, the inside of the support column 2 is symmetrically provided with two reinforcing holes 20, which are vertically through and have a semicircular cross section. A reinforcing steel 21 with an arc cross section is inserted into the reinforcing hole 20. The reinforcing steel 21 with an arc cross section effectively increases the effective cross-sectional area and the moment of inertia of the support column 2. The reinforcing steel 21 has higher strength and stiffness than other column materials, so this combination greatly improves the load-carrying capacity of the entire support column 2. The reinforcing steel 21 is directly welded to the base 1 at the bottom of the reinforcing hole 20, ensuring that the axial force, shear force and bending moment of the support column 2 can be directly and effectively transmitted to the foundation through high-strength steel, forming a more rigid connection and avoiding stress concentration or insufficient transmission at the connection.

[0045] As shown in Figure 6 , the initial arc length of the reinforcing steel 21 is greater than the arc length of the reinforcing hole 20. When the reinforcing steel 21 is assembled into the reinforcing hole 20, it elastically deforms to closely match the internal profile of the reinforcing hole 20, thereby generating radial prestress inside the reinforcing hole 20.

[0046] As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 , a hexagonal-shaped installation groove 22 for installing a self-locking assembly 23 is provided at the center of the inside of the support column 2. The three outer walls of the installation groove 22 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the special-shaped positioning slot 17 and the inner wall of the two reinforcing holes 20, forming a gap. The self-locking assembly 23 includes a matching installation block 2301, and the inside of the installation block 2301 is provided with three strip-shaped channels 2302 at equal angles, which are respectively directed towards the gap. The installation block 2301 is respectively provided with a first, second and third abutting block 2303, 2304 and 2305 that can be synchronously slid in the three strip-shaped channels 2302. The installation block 2301 is provided with a driving member 2306 for synchronously driving the first, second and third abutting blocks 2303, 2304 and 2305.

[0047] The first abutting block 2303 has a trapezoidal cross section, and the end of the first abutting block 2303 is provided with a guide slope. When the driving member 2306 synchronously pushes the first, second and third abutting blocks 2303, 2304 and 2305 to expand outward, the guide slope of the first abutting block 2303 first contacts and guides it to smoothly pass through the gap and insert into the embedded slot 19 of the special-shaped positioning guide rail 18. As the first abutting block 2303 continues to move deeper into the embedded slot 19, the trapezoidal cross section and the guide slope work together to produce a strong wedging effect. This force will forcibly cause the embedded slot 19 to elastically deform outward.

[0048] The result of the outward deformation of the slot 19 is that the outer profile of the profiled positioning rail 18 is spread apart, causing the contact pressure between it and the outer profiled positioning slot 17 to increase dramatically. When the frictional force increases to the point that it is sufficient to resist the forces that might cause the profiled positioning rail 18 to move, the profiled positioning rail 18 is self-locked, firmly securing it in the profiled positioning slot 17 and preventing accidental displacement.

[0049] The direct increase in normal pressure on the contact surface by the mechanical wedge action increases the frictional force, achieving a very secure and reliable locking that is not easily loosened by vibrations or external impacts.

[0050] After expansion, there is almost no gap between the profiled positioning rail 18 and the profiled positioning slot 17, eliminating the virtual position and enabling high-precision positioning, improving the working precision of the mechanism. Since self-locking is achieved by increasing the frictional force of the entire contact surface, this mechanism can generally withstand large axial and radial loads and is suitable for applications that require high load retention.

[0051] The guide slope of the first abutment block 2303 is provided with a first interlocking groove in a zigzag shape, and a first SMA memory alloy is embedded and installed in the first interlocking groove. The first interlocking groove is designed in a zigzag shape and embedded with an SMA. This zigzag shape is the key to achieving fine adjustment. Specifically, when the SMA deforms due to temperature changes or stress and generates a restoring force, it will push or pull the components that fit with the zigzag groove, causing them to move in small, stepped movements on the zigzag structure. This movement is equivalent to a "ratchet" mechanism that allows locking at multiple discrete positions, enabling precise automatic fine adjustment.

[0052] When the ambient temperature rises, the material of the connecting piece will expand due to heat, which may cause the connection to loosen. At this time, the embedded SMA senses the temperature change and generates a restoring force through phase change, pushing the abutment block to wedge further and offsetting the gap caused by thermal expansion, thereby automatically increasing the fastening force and compensating for the expansion effect. Conversely, when the temperature decreases and the material shrinks, the SMA can also adjust accordingly through the preset phase change characteristics, ensuring that the connection is not too tight or excessively stressed, maintaining an appropriate pre-tightening force.

[0053] The end of the second and third abutting blocks 2304 and 2305 is provided with a second interlocking groove 24 which is engaged with the interlocking block provided on the inner surface of the reinforcing steel 21. Through the action of the driving member 2306, the second and third abutting blocks 2304 and 2305 pass through the gap and are in close contact with the inner surface of the reinforcing steel 21. At this time, the second interlocking groove 24 is engaged with the interlocking block on the inner surface of the reinforcing steel 21, forming a preliminary and strong mechanical locking structure. This structure is mainly used to physically fix the reinforcing steel 21 and effectively prevent it from moving in the up-down direction. The second SMA memory alloy embedded in the second interlocking groove 24 is the key. SMA material will undergo a reversible phase change under the action of a specific temperature or stress. This phase change is accompanied by a change in the crystal structure of the material and can generate a strong restoring force, tending to restore it to the preset shape or state.

[0054] When the ambient temperature changes, the reinforcing steel 21 and the abutting blocks will change in size due to thermal expansion and contraction. If the connection is rigid, this change can cause the connection to loosen or generate excessive stress. The SMA memory alloy can sense this temperature change or the stress change caused thereby. It generates a continuous restoring force through its own phase change, automatically compensating for the thermal expansion and contraction of the material.

[0055] As shown in Figure 9 and ​ , the driving member 2306 includes a cylindrical cavity 230601 in the center of the placement block 2301, which is provided with a rotatable rotating block 230602. The lower surface of the rotating block 230602 is provided with a strip-shaped groove 230603, the center axis of which is eccentrically arranged between the rotating block 230602. Three strip-shaped grooves 230603 are arranged at equal angles around the rotating block 230602, and the interiors of the three strip-shaped grooves 230603 are provided with slidable guide blocks 230604. The bottoms of the three guide blocks 230604 are respectively rotatably connected between the first abutting block 2303, the second abutting block 2304 and the third abutting block 2305. The centrally arranged rotating block 230602 is the input end of the entire system, which performs rotational motion. The key is that the three strip-shaped grooves 230603 on the lower surface of the rotating block 230602 are eccentrically arranged, i.e., their center axes do not coincide with the center of rotation of the rotating block 230602.

[0056] When the rotating block 230602 rotates, the three eccentrically arranged strip grooves 230603 will rotate with it. The guide block 230604 inside each strip groove 230603 is limited in the strip groove 230603 and can slide along the length direction of the strip groove 230603. Due to the eccentricity of the strip groove 230603, when the rotating block 230602 rotates, it not only drives the strip groove 230603 to rotate, but also the sliding of the guide block 230604 in the strip groove 230603 and the limited movement of the block in the strip channel 2302 interact with each other, together converting the rotating energy of the rotating block 230602 into the synchronous movement of the block in the respective strip channel 2302.

[0057] The driving member 2306 further includes a turbine 230605 coaxially connected to the upper surface of the rotating block 230602 and a rotating rod 230606 transversely penetrating into the setting block 2301, the inner end of the rotating rod 230606 being connected with a worm 230607 matched with the turbine 230605, and the outer end of the rotating rod 230606 being connected with an octagonal head 230608 matched with an external octagonal wrench.

[0058] The octagonal head 230608 is the external input interface of the whole system, which is matched with an external octagonal wrench or wrench, so that the user can apply a rotating force through a hand tool. Thus, the rotating rod 230606 coaxially connected with the octagonal head 230608 is driven to rotate. When the rotating rod 230606 rotates, the worm 230607 also rotates with it. And drives the turbine 230605 to rotate slowly and powerfully. Since the turbine 230605 is coaxially connected with the rotating block 230602, the rotation of the turbine 230605 directly drives the rotating block 230602 to rotate.

[0059] Working principle: Firstly, in the initial installation stage, the box transformer forms a solid cuboid framework like the embodiment 1 through the base 1, the support column 2 and the top cover 3. The base 1 serves as a load-bearing foundation, and the four corners of its upper surface are fixed with the support column 2, and the top is installed with the top cover 3, together forming a stable frame for bearing the internal transformer, switch device and other heavy loads, and resisting external forces such as wind load and snow load. At the same time, the adjacent support columns 2 are connected through the door frame 4, and a plurality of external doors 5 made of composite board material are installed inside the door frame 4. These external doors 5 are spliced and enclosed between the base 1 and the top cover 3 to form a sealed storage space. At this time, the storage space is divided into three independent chambers by the T-shaped partition plate 7 on the base 1: the first cavity 8 for storing high-voltage cabinets, the second cavity 9 for storing low-voltage cabinets, and the third cavity 10 for storing transformers. The T-shaped partition plate 7 provides strong structural rigidity and bearing capacity, disperses the pressure of the base 1, and the louvers 6 on the external doors 5 adjust the opening angle to ensure air circulation inside and outside to maintain stable internal temperature.

[0060] Then, after the box-variant enclosure is built, the composite panel plays its core protection function. As in Example 2, the composite panel includes, from outside to inside, a metal panel 13 (made of high-strength Al-Mg-Zn alloy, providing a barrier against corrosion, sun and impact), a waterproof coating 14 (a two-component polyurea-epoxy hybrid system, forming an elastic moisture barrier), an insulating core 15 (closed-cell PIR foam, achieving thermal insulation and fire resistance), and an inner base 16 (flame-retardant FRP board, supporting internal equipment). These layers are chemically bonded and structurally glued together as a whole. The working principle of the composite panel is reflected in the synergy of multiple layers: the metal panel 13 and the waterproof coating 14 isolate external moisture and corrosion; the PIR foam core blocks heat transfer, maintains stable internal temperature (reduces cooling energy consumption), and effectively prevents fire (carbonization layer mechanism prevents fire spread); the FRP inner base 16 provides electrical insulation and structural support. At the same time, the entire composite structure is designed as a sandwich through the "load-bearing shell" effect; achieving a balance between light weight and high strength: the outer metal panel 13 disperses the load, the core fills and supports, significantly reducing the weight, facilitating transportation and installation. In addition, the metal panel 13 forms a Faraday cage, shielding internal electromagnetic interference through grounding, plus the sound-absorbing properties of the core, reducing transformer noise pollution and improving environmental friendliness.

[0061] It is worth noting that, as in Example 3, during the installation stage of the door frame 4, the core self-locking mechanism is activated to achieve rapid positioning and fastening. The two opposite sides of the door frame 4 are provided with special-shaped positioning rails 18, and the adjacent corner sides of the support column 2 are provided with matching special-shaped positioning slots 17. First, the door frame 4 is hoisted above the support column 2, and the special-shaped positioning rails 18 are aligned with the top of the special-shaped positioning slots 17; then, downward pressure is applied, causing the special-shaped positioning rails 18 to descend along the vertical path of the special-shaped positioning slots 17. Because the cross-sectional size of the special-shaped positioning rails 18 gradually increases from bottom to top, it is easy to insert at the bottom, and the special-shaped positioning rails 18 gradually wedge into the special-shaped positioning slots 17, achieving automatic centering and tight fitting. Once the special-shaped positioning rails 18 are completely in place, the slot of the embedded slot 19 converges inwardly and engages with the complementary structure of the special-shaped positioning slots 17, forming a mechanical interlock, preliminarily resisting lateral force, eliminating small gaps, and enhancing overall stability.

[0062] Next, the reinforcement system of the support column 2 works together to enhance the structural rigidity. The support column 2 is internally provided with two reinforcement holes 20 with a semicircular cross-section, and arc-shaped reinforcement steel bars 21 are inserted into the reinforcement holes 20. The initial arc length of the reinforcement steel bars 21 is greater than that of the reinforcement holes 20, and during assembly, radial pre-stress is generated through elastic deformation, tightly matching the hole wall. This increases the cross-sectional area and moment of inertia of the support column 2, improving the bending and shear resistance; at the same time, the bottom of the reinforcement steel bars 21 is welded to the base 1, forming a rigid force transmission path, ensuring efficient transfer of axial force to the foundation.

[0063] Further, the driving process of the self-locking assembly 23 is activated to complete the final locking. The support column 2 is centrally provided with a regular hexagonal installation slot 22, and the self-locking assembly 23 is installed in the installation slot 22, including an installation block 2301, three slidable first abutting blocks 2303, a second abutting block 2304, a third abutting block 2305, and a driving member 2306. First, the external tool of the octagonal wrench or spanner rotates the external octagonal head 230608 of the rotating rod 230606, which drives the internal vortex rod 230607 of the rotating rod 230606 to rotate; the vortex rod 230607 drives the worm wheel 230605 to rotate the coaxial rotating block 230602. The lower surface of the rotating block 230602 is provided with three eccentric strip-shaped grooves 230603, and the guide block 230604 in the groove slides with the rotating block 230602. The guide block 230604 is rotationally connected with the first abutting block 2303, the second abutting block 2304, and the third abutting block 2305, and converts the rotating motion of the rotating block 230602 into the synchronous radial expansion of the first abutting block 2303, the second abutting block 2304, and the third abutting block 2305: the first abutting block 2303 with a trapezoidal cross section and a guide slope and a serrated first interlocking groove passes through the gap of the installation slot 22 and is wedged into the embedded groove 19 of the door frame 4 guide rail; the guide slope guides the embedded groove 19 to elastically deform outward, increases the pressure of the contact surface with the insertion slot, and realizes self-locking through friction force; at the same time, the SMA memory alloy embedded in the first interlocking groove generates restoring force through phase change when the temperature changes, and automatically adjusts the fastening degree. The second abutting block 2304 and the third abutting block 2305 expand synchronously, and the second interlocking groove 24 at the end thereof engages with the interlocking block on the inner surface of the reinforced steel 21, forming mechanical locking to prevent displacement of the steel; the SMA alloy embedded in the second interlocking groove 24 compensates thermal deformation in the same way.

[0064] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, which do not limit the protection scope of the present application, therefore: any equivalent changes made on the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-locking composite panel transformer substation, characterized in that, The system includes a base (1), supporting columns (2), a top cover (3), a door frame (4), and an outer door (5). The supporting columns (2) are fixed at the four corners of the base (1) and connected to the top cover (3). The door frame (4) is connected to adjacent supporting columns (2). The outer door (5) is spliced ​​inside the door frame (4) to form a sealed storage space. The corner sides of the supporting columns (2) are provided with irregularly shaped positioning slots (17). The sides of the door frame (4) are provided with irregularly shaped positioning guide rails (18) that match the irregularly shaped positioning slots (17). The irregularly shaped positioning guide rails (18) and the irregularly shaped... The positioning slots (17) form an interlocking meshing structure; the support column (2) is provided with a mounting groove (22), and a self-locking component (23) is provided in the mounting groove (22). The self-locking component (23) includes a first abutment (2303), a second abutment (2304) and a third abutment (2305) that can slide synchronously. The first abutment (2303) is used to embed into the groove (19) of the irregular positioning guide rail (18), and the second abutment (2304) and the third abutment (2305) are used to mesh and lock with the reinforcing steel (21) inside the support column (2).

2. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional dimensions of the irregular positioning guide rail (18) gradually increase from the bottom to the top. The bottom cross-section of the irregular positioning guide rail (18) is smaller than the inner cross-section of the irregular positioning slot (17). A groove (19) extending along the length direction is formed in the middle of the guide rail. The opening edge of the groove (19) converges inward to form a barb structure.

3. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting groove (22) of the self-locking component (23) is connected to the inner wall of the irregular positioning slot (17) and the inner wall of the reinforcing hole (20) to form a notch. The end of the first abutment (2303) is provided with a guide slope. The outer side of the guide slope is provided with a sawtooth-shaped first interlocking groove. The ends of the second abutment (2304) and the third abutment (2305) are provided with a second interlocking groove (24) that cooperates with the interlocking block on the inner surface of the reinforcing steel (21).

4. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The supporting column (2) is symmetrically provided with vertically penetrating reinforcing holes (20). The reinforcing holes (20) are filled with reinforcing steel (21) with an arc-shaped cross section. The reinforcing steel (21) generates radial prestress through elastic deformation and the reinforcing holes (20). The bottom of the reinforcing steel (21) is welded to the base (1) and forms a support force transmission path with the mounting groove (22).

5. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The driving component (2306) of the self-locking assembly (23) includes a central rotating block (230602). An eccentric strip groove (230603) is provided on the lower surface of the rotating block (230602). A guide block (230604) is slidably connected in the strip groove (230603) and drives the abutment block to move synchronously. A turbine (230605) is connected to the top of the rotating block (230602). The turbine (230605) is linked to an external rotating interface through a worm gear (230607). The external rotating interface adopts a polygonal head structure.

6. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first interlock groove and the second interlock groove (24) are embedded with shape memory alloy material, which automatically adjusts the contact pressure between the abutment and the guide rail or the reinforcing steel (21) through the restoring force generated by the phase change when the temperature changes.

7. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A T-shaped partition (7) is provided above the base (1). The partition (7) divides the storage space into a high-voltage cabinet cavity, a low-voltage cabinet cavity and a transformer cavity. A base plate (11) is provided inside the high-voltage cabinet cavity, the low-voltage cabinet cavity and the transformer cavity. The height of the base plate (11) of the high-voltage cabinet cavity is higher than that of the base plate (11) of the low-voltage cabinet cavity.

8. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer door (5) adopts a composite board structure. The composite board includes a high-strength metal panel (13), an elastic waterproof coating (14), an insulating core material (15), and a flame-retardant inner base layer (16) from the outside to the inside. The metal panel (13) and the inner base layer (16) form an integral load-bearing structure through chemical bonding and adhesive.

9. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The high-voltage cabinet cavity sidewall is provided with an inlet hole (12), which penetrates the base (1) and is connected to the external cable channel. The low-voltage cabinet cavity and the high-voltage cabinet cavity are connected by a T-shaped partition (7) to form an electromagnetic isolation barrier.

10. The self-locking composite panel transformer substation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The insulating core material (15) is a high-density foam material with a closed-cell structure. The metal panel (13) and the inner base layer (16) are made of non-magnetic alloy and flame-retardant composite material, respectively. The interfaces of each layer of the composite board form a continuous bearing surface through a reaction-cured coating or structural adhesive.

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