Piezoelectric-electromagnetic-frictional electric composite generator for energy harvesting of road vehicle operation

Abstract

The application relates to a piezoelectric-electromagnetic-friction electricity composite generator for energy capture of highway vehicle operation, which is composed of a deceleration belt (1), a power transmission part (2), an electromagnetic part (3), a friction electricity part (4) and a piezoelectric part (5). The bevel gear set mechanism is adopted to transmit the external excitation to each power generation part to realize simultaneous power generation and improve the energy capture efficiency. The application relates to the field of nanometer generators, and particularly relates to the piezoelectric-electromagnetic-friction electricity composite generator for energy capture of highway vehicle operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nanogenerators, and in particular to a piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric composite generator for energy harvesting from road vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing global energy demand and the growing severity of environmental problems, the efficiency of traditional energy utilization and the development of renewable energy have become particularly important. In the transportation sector, especially in road traffic, vehicles generate a significant amount of mechanical energy during operation. Effective recovery of this energy can not only power the vehicles themselves but also contribute to improving the energy efficiency of roads and infrastructure. In recent years, research based on "energy capture" technology has emerged as a new research direction, with piezoelectric, magnetoelectric, and triboelectric technologies gaining widespread attention due to their high efficiency, reliability, and environmental friendliness. Energy capture technology refers to the collection and conversion of energy forms such as mechanical, thermal, light, or vibration energy present in the environment into usable electrical energy through specific equipment. This technology can effectively provide power to various devices, especially in the absence of external power sources, significantly reducing energy consumption and enabling devices to power themselves. During road vehicle operation, factors such as road surface vibration, vehicle suspension system sway, and friction between the wheels and the ground all generate recoverable mechanical energy. By integrating different types of energy conversion devices, this energy can be effectively captured and converted into electrical energy, thereby providing power to road infrastructure, intelligent transportation systems, or the vehicles themselves. Energy harvesting technology for highway vehicles, based on the combined principles of piezoelectric, magnetoelectric, and triboelectric power generation, has broad application prospects. Through proper design and optimization, this technology can not only improve energy utilization efficiency but also provide technical support for the development of intelligent transportation systems and sustainable transportation. Therefore, designing a piezoelectric-magnetic-triboelectric combined power generation device for energy harvesting from highway vehicles is essential. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid generator for energy harvesting from road vehicles. This invention not only improves energy utilization efficiency but also provides technical support for the development of intelligent transportation systems and sustainable transportation.

[0004] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows:

[0005] A piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid generator for energy harvesting from highway vehicles consists of five parts: a speed bump, a power transmission section, an electromagnetic section, a triboelectric section, and a piezoelectric section.

[0006] Furthermore, the speed bump is fixed to the connecting rod by bolts;

[0007] Furthermore, the power transmission part consists of a connecting rod, a moving block, a bevel gear set, a bearing, a transmission rod, a return spring, a slide rail, and a slider. The connecting rod is connected and fixed to the moving block by welding. The slide groove on the moving block moves in conjunction with the transmission rod. The transmission rod is connected and fixed to the rotating shaft of the bevel gear set by welding. The return spring is connected and fixed to the moving block by welding. The slider is connected and fixed to the moving block by bolts. The slider moves in conjunction with the slide rail through the slide path.

[0008] Furthermore, the electromagnetic part consists of a base I, a coil, a magnet I, and a rotating shaft. The coil is connected and fixed to the base I by an interference fit, the base I is connected and fixed to the outer shell by bolts, the rotating shaft is connected and fixed to the upper shaft of the bevel gear set by welding, and the magnet I is connected and fixed to the rotating shaft by adhesive.

[0009] Furthermore, the triboelectric component consists of a rotating block, a polytetrafluoroethylene propylene (FEP) film, a copper foil sheet, and a base II. The rotating block is fixed to the upper shaft of the bevel gear set by bolts, the polytetrafluoroethylene propylene (FEP) film is bonded around the rotating block by adhesive, the copper foil sheet is fixed to the base II by interference fit, and the base II is fixed to the outer shell by bolts.

[0010] Furthermore, the piezoelectric part consists of a rotating block, magnet II, piezoelectric sheet, and base III. The rotating block is connected and fixed to the upper shaft of the bevel gear set by welding. Magnet II is connected and fixed to the rotating block and piezoelectric sheet by adhesive. The piezoelectric sheet is connected and fixed to the base III by interference fit. The base III is connected and fixed to the outer shell by bolts.

[0011] The main principle of this invention is as follows: When the speed bump is excited by the movement of an external vehicle, it will move downwards. The speed bump will drive the connecting rod to move together, and the connecting rod will drive the moving block to move together. The moving block has a sliding groove. The movement of the moving block will drive the transmission rod to rotate. The rotation of the moving rod will drive the bevel gear set to rotate. When one gear in the bevel gear set rotates, the other three bevel gears will rotate together. The rotation of the bevel gears will drive the electromagnetic part, the triboelectric part, and the piezoelectric part to move.

[0012] During the rotation of the shaft in the electromagnetic part, magnet I on the shaft will rotate above the coil, and the coil will generate electricity according to the electromagnetic law.

[0013] According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the induced electromotive force V in the coil... em for:

[0014] ;

[0015] in: N Φ is the number of coil turns. B • AB is the magnetic flux (where B is the magnetic field strength of magnet I and A is the effective area of ​​the coil).

[0016] If the magnet rotates with an angular velocity ω, the rate of change of magnetic flux is:

[0017] ;

[0018] During the rotation of the triboelectric component, the rotating block will drive the FEP film to rotate as well. The FEP film will undergo contact separation motion on the copper foil, thus generating electricity through electrostatic induction.

[0019] Voltage V generated by triboelectric effect tribo Related to the amount of charge transferred Q during the contact separation process:

[0020] ;

[0021] The capacitance C is determined by the contact area S between the FEP film and the copper foil and the spacing d:

[0022] ;

[0023] If the rotating block drives the FEP film to periodically contact the copper foil with an angular velocity ω, the charge transfer amount Q can be modeled as:

[0024] ;

[0025] Where σ surf Surface charge density, f ( ωt ) is a contact frequency function.

[0026] The rotation of the piezoelectric part will cause magnet II to rotate together. Magnet II at one end of the piezoelectric sheet will be subjected to magnetic repulsion, causing the piezoelectric sheet to bend. The piezoelectric ceramic material on the piezoelectric sheet will generate electricity due to the piezoelectric effect.

[0027] Voltage V generated by the piezoelectric effect piezo It is proportional to the mechanical stress σ:

[0028] ;

[0029] g It is the piezoelectric voltage constant. t The thickness is the piezoelectric element.

[0030] Assume that magnet II generates a repulsive force F mag The stress σ that causes the piezoelectric element to bend and deform can be expressed as:

[0031] ;

[0032] in L , w, t These are the length, width, and thickness of the piezoelectric element, respectively.

[0033] The advantages of this invention are: by employing a bevel gear mechanism to transmit external excitation to each power generation component, simultaneous power generation is achieved, improving energy capture efficiency. Because its operating principle does not depend on fuel supply or complex mechanical structures, the hybrid generator typically possesses high reliability. Furthermore, the cost of maintenance and component replacement is low, which is significant for large-scale power generation systems deployed on roads. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the present invention and provide a clear understanding of it, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. The illustrative examples and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power transmission part of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic component of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the triboelectric part of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric part of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use.

[0042] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further illustrates the detailed content of the present invention and its specific implementation scheme.

[0043] See Figures 1-6 This invention proposes a piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric composite generator for energy harvesting from highway vehicles, which consists of five parts: a speed bump 1, a power transmission part 2, an electromagnetic part 3, a triboelectric part 4, and a piezoelectric part 5.

[0044] Furthermore, the speed bump 1 is fixed to the connecting rod 2-1 by bolts;

[0045] Furthermore, the power transmission part 2 consists of a connecting rod 2-1, a moving block 2-2, a bevel gear set 2-3, a bearing 2-4, a transmission rod 2-5, a return spring 2-6, a slide rail 2-7, and a slider 2-8. The connecting rod 2-1 is connected and fixed to the moving block 2-2 by welding. The slide groove on the moving block 2-2 cooperates with the transmission rod 2-5 to move. During the longitudinal movement of the moving block 2-2, the transmission rod 2-5 will rotate along the slide groove on the moving block 2-2. The transmission rod 2-5 is fixed and connected to the rotating shaft of the bevel gear set 2-3 by welding. The return spring 2-6 is connected and fixed to the moving block 2-2 by welding. When the moving block 2-2 moves downward to the designated position, it will reset the moving block 2-2 without external force. The slider 2-8 is connected and fixed to the moving block 2-2 by bolts. The slider 2-8 cooperates with the slide rail 2-7 to move through the slide rail.

[0046] Furthermore, the electromagnetic part 3 consists of a base I 3-1, a coil 3-2, a magnet I 3-3, and a rotating shaft 3-4. The coil 3-2 is connected and fixed to the base I 3-1 by an interference fit. The base I 3-1 is connected and fixed to the outer shell by bolts. The rotating shaft 3-4 is connected and fixed to the upper shaft of the bevel gear set 2-3 by welding. The magnet I 3-3 is connected and fixed to the rotating shaft 3-4 by adhesive.

[0047] Furthermore, the triboelectric part 4 consists of a rotating block 4-1, a polytetrafluoroethylene propylene (FEP) film 4-2, a copper foil sheet 4-3, and a base II 4-4. The rotating block 4-1 is fixedly connected to the upper shaft of the bevel gear set 2-3 by bolts. The polytetrafluoroethylene propylene (FEP) film 4-2 is glued around the rotating block 4-1 by adhesive, so that the rotating block 4-1 and the polytetrafluoroethylene propylene (FEP) film 4-2 rotate simultaneously. The copper foil sheet 4-3 is fixedly connected to the base II 4-4 by interference fit. The base II 4-4 is fixedly connected to the outer shell by bolts.

[0048] Furthermore, the piezoelectric part 5 consists of a rotating block 5-1, a magnet II 5-2, a piezoelectric sheet 5-3, and a base III 5-4. The rotating block 5-1 is connected and fixed to the upper shaft of the bevel gear set 2-3 by welding. The magnet II 5-2 is connected and fixed to the rotating block 5-1 and the piezoelectric sheet 5-3 by adhesive. The piezoelectric sheet 5-3 is connected and fixed to the base III 5-4 by interference fit. The base III 5-4 is connected and fixed to the outer shell by bolts.

[0049] The main principle of this invention is as follows: When the speed bump 1 is excited by the movement of an external vehicle, it will move downwards. The speed bump 1 will drive the connecting rod 2-1 to move together. The connecting rod 2-1 will drive the moving block 2-2 to move together. The moving block 2-2 has a sliding groove. During the movement of the moving block 2-2, it will drive the transmission rod 2-5 to rotate. During the rotation of the transmission rod 2-5, it will drive the bevel gear set 2-3 to rotate. When one gear of the bevel gear set 2-3 rotates, the other three bevel gears will rotate together. The rotation of the bevel gears will drive the electromagnetic part 3, the triboelectric part 4, and the piezoelectric part 5 to move.

[0050] During the rotation of the rotating shaft 3-4 in the electromagnetic part 3, the magnet I 3-3 on the rotating shaft 3-4 will rotate above the coil 3-2, and the coil 3-2 will generate electricity according to the electromagnetic law.

[0051] According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the electromotive force V induced in coil 3-2 em for:

[0052] ;

[0053] in: N For coil 3-2 turns, Φ= B • A B is the magnetic flux (B is the magnetic field strength of magnet I3-3, and A is the effective area of ​​coil 3-2).

[0054] If magnet I3-3 rotates with an angular velocity ω, the rate of change of magnetic flux is:

[0055] ;

[0056] During the rotation of the triboelectric component 4 rotating block 4-1, it will drive the FEP film 4-2 to rotate together. The FEP film 4-2 will undergo contact separation movement on the copper foil 4-3, thus generating electricity through electrostatic induction effect.

[0057] Voltage V generated by triboelectric effect tribo Related to the amount of charge transferred Q during the contact separation process:

[0058] ;

[0059] The capacitance C is determined by the contact area S and the spacing d between the FEP film 4-2 and the copper foil 4-3.

[0060] ;

[0061] If the rotating block 4-1 drives the FEP film 4-2 to periodically contact the copper foil with an angular velocity ω, the charge transfer amount Q can be modeled as:

[0062] ;

[0063] Where σ surf Surface charge density, f ( ωt ) is a contact frequency function.

[0064] When the rotating block 5-1 of the piezoelectric part 5 rotates, it will cause the magnet II 5-2 to rotate together. The magnet II 5-2 at one end of the piezoelectric sheet 5-3 will be subjected to magnetic repulsion, and the piezoelectric sheet 5-3 will bend. The piezoelectric ceramic material on the piezoelectric sheet 5-3 will generate electricity due to the piezoelectric effect.

[0065] Voltage V generated by the piezoelectric effect piezo It is proportional to the mechanical stress σ:

[0066] ;

[0067] g It is the piezoelectric voltage constant. t The thickness of the piezoelectric sheet is 5-3.

[0068] Assume that magnet II generates a repulsive force F mag The stress σ that causes the piezoelectric element 5-3 to bend and deform can be expressed as:

[0069] ;

[0070] in L , w , t These are the length, width, and thickness of the piezoelectric element 5-3, respectively.

[0071] The advantages of this invention are: by employing a bevel gear mechanism to transmit external excitation to each power generation component, simultaneous power generation is achieved, improving energy capture efficiency. Because its operating principle does not depend on fuel supply or complex mechanical structures, the hybrid generator typically possesses high reliability. Furthermore, the cost of maintenance and component replacement is low, which is significant for large-scale road-based power generation systems.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that specific examples have been used in this invention to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the invention. Furthermore, various modifications and variations can be made to this invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made to this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid generator for energy harvesting from highway vehicles, characterized in that: It consists of five parts: a speed bump (1), a power transmission part (2), an electromagnetic part (3), a triboelectric part (4), and a piezoelectric part (5). The speed bump (1) is fixed to the connecting rod (2-1) by bolts. The power transmission part (2) consists of a connecting rod (2-1), a moving block (2-2), a bevel gear set (2-3), a bearing (2-4), a transmission rod (2-5), a return spring (2-6), a slide rail (2-7), and a slider (2-8). The connecting rod (2-1) is welded together. The movable block (2-2) is fixedly connected to the moving block (2-2). The sliding groove on the movable block (2-2) cooperates with the transmission rod (2-5) to move. During the longitudinal movement of the movable block (2-2), the transmission rod (2-5) will rotate along the sliding groove on the movable block (2-2). The bevel gear set (2-3) includes four bevel gears. The transmission rod (2-5) is fixedly connected to the shaft of one bevel gear of the bevel gear set (2-3) by welding. The return spring (2-6) is fixedly connected to the movable block (2-2) by welding. When block (2-2) moves downward to the designated position, it will reset itself when no external force is applied. Slider (2-8) is fixed to block (2-2) by bolts. Slider (2-8) moves in conjunction with slide rail (2-7) via a slide path. Speed ​​bump (1) moves downward due to the excitation of road vehicles. Speed ​​bump (1) drives connecting rod (2-1) to move together. Connecting rod (2-1) drives moving block (2-2) to move together. Moving block (2-2) has a groove. The movement process will drive the transmission rod (2-5) to rotate. During the rotation of the transmission rod (2-5), it will drive the bevel gear set (2-3) to rotate. The other three bevel gears of the bevel gear set (2-3) are respectively connected to the electromagnetic part (3), the triboelectric part (4) and the piezoelectric part (5). When one bevel gear of the bevel gear set (2-3) rotates, the other three bevel gears will rotate together. The rotation of the other three bevel gears will drive the electromagnetic part (3), the triboelectric part (4) and the piezoelectric part (5) to move.

2. The piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid generator for energy harvesting from highway vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic part (3) consists of a base I (3-1), a coil (3-2), a magnet I (3-3), and an electromagnetic shaft (3-4). The coil (3-2) is connected and fixed to the base I (3-1) by an interference fit. The base I (3-1) is connected and fixed to the outer shell of the composite generator by bolts. The electromagnetic shaft (3-4) is connected and fixed to the shaft on the bevel gear set (2-3) by welding. The magnet I (3-3) is connected and fixed to the electromagnetic shaft (3-4) by adhesive. When the electromagnetic shaft (3-4) in the electromagnetic part (3) rotates, the magnet I (3-3) on the electromagnetic shaft (3-4) will rotate above the coil (3-2). According to the electromagnetic law, the coil (3-2) will generate electricity. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the electromotive force V induced in coil (3-2) is... em for: ； Where: N is the number of turns of coil (3-2), Φ=B•A is the magnetic flux, B is the magnetic field strength of magnet I (3-3), and A is the effective area of ​​coil (3-2); If magnet I (3-3) rotates with an angular velocity ω, the rate of change of magnetic flux is: 。 3. The piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid generator for energy harvesting from highway vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triboelectric part (4) consists of a rotating block (4-1), a polytetrafluoroethylene propylene film (4-2), a copper foil sheet (4-3), and a base II (4-4). The rotating block (4-1) is fixed to the shaft on the bevel gear set (2-3) by bolts. The polytetrafluoroethylene propylene film (4-2) is glued around the rotating block (4-1) to achieve simultaneous rotation of the rotating block (4-1) and the polytetrafluoroethylene propylene film (4-2). The copper foil sheet (4-3) is fixed to the base II (4-4) by interference fit. The base II (4-4) is fixed to the housing of the composite generator by bolts. During the rotation of the rotating block (4-1) of the triboelectric part (4), the polytetrafluoroethylene propylene film (4-2) will rotate together. The polytetrafluoroethylene propylene film (4-2) will make contact and separate on the copper foil sheet (4-3) to generate electricity through the triboelectric effect.

4. The piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid generator for energy harvesting from highway vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric part (5) consists of a rotating block (5-1), a magnet II (5-2), a piezoelectric sheet (5-3), and a base III (5-4). The rotating block (5-1) is connected and fixed to the shaft on the bevel gear set (2-3) by welding. The magnet II (5-2) is connected and fixed to the rotating block (5-1) and the piezoelectric sheet (5-3) by adhesive. The piezoelectric sheet (5-3) is connected and fixed to the base III (5-4) by interference fit. The base III (5-4) is connected and fixed to the housing of the composite generator by bolts. When the rotating block (5-1) of the piezoelectric part (5) rotates, it will drive the magnet II (5-2) to rotate together. The magnet II (5-2) at one end of the piezoelectric sheet (5-3) will be subjected to magnetic repulsion, and the piezoelectric sheet (5-3) will bend. The piezoelectric ceramic material on the piezoelectric sheet (5-3) will generate electricity due to the piezoelectric effect. Voltage V generated by the piezoelectric effect piezo It is proportional to the mechanical stress σ: ； g is the piezoelectric voltage constant, and t is the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet (5-3); The repulsive force F generated by magnet II mag The stress σ that causes the piezoelectric element (5-3) to bend and deform can be expressed as: ； Where L, w, and t are the length, width, and thickness of the piezoelectric element (5-3), respectively.

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