An electrical cabinet remote monitoring and communication system based on internet of things

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, in particular to a kind of electrical cabinet remote monitoring and communication system based on Internet of Things.It includes bounded back unit, for using D-CPB mechanism in the preset longest decision time window, complete with adjacent electrical cabinet node's cooperative protection decision, using multi-round negotiation agreement to judge whether to generate the cooperative protection decision instruction of opposite trigger, if before the longest decision time window ends or reaches the maximum negotiation round number, no cooperative protection decision instruction of opposite trigger is received, while satisfying local fault confidence is not lower than preset fault confidence threshold, then generate trigger signal;The system guarantees cooperativity while also providing deterministic response delay, avoiding infinite waiting or refusal to move due to communication uncertainty.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, in particular, to an electrical cabinet remote monitoring and communication system based on Internet of Things. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the advancement of power distribution automation and smart grid, electrical cabinets are gradually equipped with various sensors and communication modules and connected to the Internet of Things to realize real-time state collection, remote operation and maintenance, and data-driven fault diagnosis. To meet the manageability and operation efficiency of large-scale deployment, existing systems usually adopt a data aggregation and decision-making architecture with a cloud platform as the core:

[0003] Each electrical cabinet periodically uploads current, voltage, temperature and other operating parameters to an edge gateway or cloud through on-site sampling or low-frequency telemetry, and the cloud platform is responsible for historical storage, alarm discrimination and operation decision-making. When fast protection action is needed, it is usually dependent on the preset threshold of the local relay or the control instruction issued by the cloud, and the communication uses a general protocol to transmit on a conventional channel.

[0004] The main problems existing in the prior art are:

[0005] 1. Insufficient local protection of single cabinet and multi-cabinet cooperation: Most systems only rely on independent local threshold or completely rely on cloud coordination, lacking a mechanism that can still achieve deterministic multi-cabinet cooperation segmentation under limited network, resulting in increased risk of misoperation or refusal to operate;

[0006] 2. Lack of a unified time-limited-round-backout mechanism: There is no decision-making process that combines the longest waiting time, maximum negotiation rounds and bounded backout, so it is not possible to determine when the local safety takes over the protection action in the event of network anomalies, which cannot guarantee the time determinacy of fault handling, and is not conducive to post-audit and responsibility identification.

[0007] Therefore, an electrical cabinet remote monitoring and communication system based on Internet of Things is designed. SUMMARY

[0008] The present application aims to provide an electrical cabinet remote monitoring and communication system based on Internet of Things to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application aims to provide an electrical cabinet remote monitoring and communication system based on Internet of Things, comprising:

[0010] A data sampling unit for high-speed sampling of local electrical cabinet nodes to generate sampling data with hardware time stamp;

[0011] The bounded rollback unit is used to complete the cooperative protection decision with the adjacent electrical cabinet node within a preset longest decision time window based on the sampling data by using a D-CPB mechanism, to judge whether to generate the cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering by using a multi-round negotiation protocol, and to generate the triggering signal if the cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering is not received before the longest decision time window ends or the maximum negotiation round number is reached, while the local fault confidence is not lower than the preset fault confidence threshold.

[0012] The protection execution unit is used to drive the tripping action of the local circuit breaker to realize fault isolation in response to the triggering signal.

[0013] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the bounded rollback unit comprises a fault fingerprint extraction module, a deterministic communication module and a timeout monitoring module.

[0014] The fault fingerprint extraction module is used to extract a compressed fingerprint representing fault characteristics from the sampling data and generate an emergency abstract and a local fault confidence when it is detected that the preset triggering condition is met.

[0015] The deterministic communication module is used to multicast the emergency abstract containing the fault characteristics to the adjacent electrical cabinet node in the form of an emergency message, receive and verify the abstract information of the adjacent electrical cabinet node, execute a weighted fusion algorithm to generate a global confidence within the longest decision time window by using a multi-round negotiation protocol, and judge whether to generate the cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering based on the global confidence.

[0016] The timeout monitoring module is used to monitor the timeout state of the longest decision time window and the negotiation round number, and generate the triggering signal if the cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering is not received from the deterministic communication module before the longest decision time window times out or the maximum negotiation round number is reached, while the local fault confidence is not lower than the preset fault confidence threshold.

[0017] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the preset triggering condition is amplitude threshold triggering, slope threshold triggering and model score triggering.

[0018] When there is a sampling point, and the absolute value of the current amplitude corresponding to the sampling point is greater than or equal to the preset amplitude threshold, it is determined as amplitude threshold triggering.

[0019] When the maximum value of the change rate between adjacent sampling points is greater than or equal to the preset slope threshold, it is determined as slope threshold triggering.

[0020] The set of features extracted in the sampling window is input into a pre-trained fault identification model, which can output a fault score. When the fault score is greater than or equal to a preset fault identification model score threshold, it is determined that the model score trigger is triggered.

[0021] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the deterministic communication module adopts a priority scheduling strategy, with high-priority channels for transmitting emergency summaries and low-priority channels for transmitting regular monitoring data.

[0022] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the emergency summary carries a sequence number and a hardware timestamp during transmission.

[0023] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the deterministic communication module repeatedly transmits the emergency summary a predetermined number of times and with a retry interval after the first transmission of the emergency summary.

[0024] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in the deterministic communication module, the maximum decision time window is the maximum allowed time from the first transmission of the emergency summary by the electrical cabinet to the reception of the adjacent electrical cabinet node summary and the completion of the preliminary fusion judgment.

[0025] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in the deterministic communication module, a multi-round negotiation protocol is adopted to execute a weighted fusion algorithm to generate a global confidence within the maximum decision time window, and based on the global confidence, a specific procedure for determining whether to generate a coordinated protection decision instruction against triggering is as follows:

[0026] S21, in each negotiation window, receive and verify the digital signature of the emergency summary information sent by the adjacent electrical cabinet node, and only collect the information that passes the verification;

[0027] The emergency summary information at least includes the fault confidence of the sending electrical cabinet node and the electrical cabinet node identity;

[0028] S22, based on the electrical cabinet node identity, a dynamic weight is assigned to each electrical cabinet node, wherein the assignment strategy of the dynamic weight is determined based on the real-time response state and historical reliability record of the node;

[0029] S23, based on the confidence and the assigned weight, the weighted global confidence of the current round is calculated ;

[0030] S24, define a cooperative abandonment threshold and a cooperative action threshold , the global confidence is compared with the cooperative abandonment threshold and the cooperative action threshold The comparison is performed to determine whether to generate a collaborative protection decision instruction against triggering.

[0031] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the specific steps in S24 for determining whether to generate a cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering are as follows:

[0032] If global confidence Less than or equal to the collaborative abandonment threshold If so, a collaborative decision instruction opposing the triggering is generated, and after being signed by this node, it is broadcast to neighboring nodes;

[0033] If global confidence Higher than or equal to the cooperative action threshold If so, no opposition command will be generated in this round;

[0034] If global confidence Above the collaborative abandonment threshold And global confidence Below the threshold for coordinated action If no clear consensus is reached in this round, then the next round of negotiations will begin;

[0035] If the current round has reached the preset maximum negotiation round, the negotiation process will be terminated.

[0036] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the deterministic communication module is based on a Byzantine fault-tolerant decision-making mechanism, and only when it collects no less than [number missing] within the longest decision-making time window... Only when there are multiple valid and opposing collaborative decision instructions issued by different electrical cabinet nodes is the current collaborative decision deemed to be an opposing trigger. This is a pre-defined maximum number of malicious nodes that are allowed to be fault-tolerant.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] 1. In this IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets, a D-CPB mechanism is introduced. Within a predetermined time window, priority is given to negotiation. After timeout or reaching the maximum number of rounds, hardware priority rollback is immediately performed and a complete waveform is recorded when the local confidence threshold is met. This ensures coordination while providing deterministic response latency, avoiding infinite waiting or refusal to operate due to communication uncertainty, and comprehensively improving the real-time performance, reliability, security, and bandwidth efficiency of the protection system.

[0039] 2、The remote monitoring and communication system of the electrical cabinet based on the Internet of Things introduces multi-round negotiation and confidence fusion weighted by node historical reliability and sampling quality, which makes the accuracy of multi-electrical cabinet collaborative judgment significantly better than single threshold or simple majority voting. Meanwhile, digital signature verification and Byzantine fault tolerance strategy are adopted to resist malicious nodes or fake information, and the traceability and attack resistance of the decision are enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 The overall flowchart of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0041] The meanings of the various labels in the figure are as follows:

[0042] 1, data sampling unit; 2, bounded rollback unit; 21, fault fingerprint extraction module; 22, deterministic communication module; 23, timeout monitoring module; 3, protection execution unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] Embodiment: Please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a remote monitoring and communication system of an electrical cabinet based on the Internet of Things is provided, which includes a data sampling unit 1, a bounded rollback unit 2, and a protection execution unit 3.

[0045] The specific process is as follows: when the electrical cabinet node detects a transient abnormal event, the sampling data in the predetermined time window before and after the triggering time is collected and the sampling data with hardware time stamp is generated; the compressed fault fingerprint is extracted from the sampling data and the confidence score is calculated; the compressed fault fingerprint summary is broadcast to the adjacent electrical cabinet nodes through the emergency summary channel; the received summary is fused by weighted confidence within a predetermined maximum period, and a collaborative conclusion is formed by rule judgment; if no collaborative conclusion against local protection action is formed within the maximum period and the local confidence is greater than the preset threshold, the local circuit breaker is triggered to open, otherwise the corresponding control is executed according to the collaborative conclusion.

[0046] The data sampling unit 1 is used for high-speed sampling of the local electrical cabinet node to generate sampling data with hardware time stamp, which is used for multi-cabinet event alignment. The sampling frequency of the data sampling unit 1 is not less than 10 kHz.

[0047] The bounded rollback unit 2 is used to complete the cooperative protection decision with the adjacent electrical cabinet node within the preset longest decision time window based on the sampling data, using the D-CPB mechanism, to judge whether to generate the cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering using the multi-round negotiation protocol, if the cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering is not received before the end of the longest decision time window or after reaching the maximum negotiation round number, while the local fault confidence is not lower than the preset fault confidence threshold, a triggering signal is generated;

[0048] There is a bounded rollback unit 2 in each electrical cabinet node, and the D-CPB mechanism is specifically named as the deterministic distributed cooperative protection and bounded rollback mechanism, which integrates the fault fingerprint extraction, emergency abstract broadcast, deterministic short-time negotiation, weighted confidence fusion and rollback triggering functions;

[0049] The bounded rollback unit 2 includes a fault fingerprint extraction module 21, a deterministic communication module 22 and a timeout monitoring module 23;

[0050] The fault fingerprint extraction module 21 is used to extract the compressed fingerprint representing the fault feature from the sampling data and generate the local fault confidence and the emergency abstract when detecting that the preset triggering condition is met. Specifically, the wavelet packet transform is performed on the sampling data with a hardware timestamp, and the energy of a specific frequency band is extracted as the fault feature data. The length of the compressed fingerprint is not more than 256 bytes, and the emergency abstract is a subset of the compressed fingerprint. In this unit, the length of the abstract message sent in the emergency abstract channel is limited to not more than 64 bytes, and the abstract message contains the event identifier, the hardware timestamp, the confidence score, the local suggestion and the message signature.

[0051] The preset triggering condition is the amplitude threshold triggering, the slope threshold triggering and the model score triggering.

[0052] When there is a sampling point, the absolute value of the current amplitude corresponding to the sampling point is greater than or equal to the preset amplitude threshold, it is determined that the amplitude threshold triggering is met. This condition is used to capture obvious transient amplitude anomalies such as overcurrent or short circuit, and is suitable for fault scenarios with obvious amplitude mutation.

[0053] When the maximum value of the change rate between adjacent sampling points is greater than or equal to the preset slope threshold, it is determined that the slope threshold triggering is met. This condition focuses on detecting fast rising / falling transient events (such as fast current spikes or mutations in a very short time), even if the amplitude does not necessarily exceed the amplitude threshold.

[0054] The set of features extracted in the sampling window is input into a pre-trained fault identification model, which can output a fault score. When the fault score is greater than or equal to a pre-set fault identification model score threshold, it is determined that the model score triggers. This condition is used to identify faults that may not have significant amplitude or slope but have characteristic waveform patterns (such as resonance, ground leakage, complex load mutation, etc.), in order to improve the coverage and accuracy of detection.

[0055] wherein the set of features extracted in the sampling window includes root mean square, peak value, harmonic amplitude ratio, short-time Fourier transform energy distribution; the fault identification model is a small-scale convolutional neural network suitable for edge devices; the score uses similarity based on distance measurement; the threshold is set through experiment or validation set statistical results;

[0056] The deterministic communication module 22 is used to multicast the emergency summary containing the fault features to the adjacent electrical cabinet nodes in the form of an emergency message, while receiving and verifying the summary information of the adjacent electrical cabinet nodes, using a multi-round negotiation protocol, performing a weighted fusion algorithm to generate a global confidence within a maximum decision time window, and based on the global confidence to determine whether to generate a coordinated protection decision instruction against triggering;

[0057] The deterministic communication module 22 uses a priority scheduling strategy, with high-priority channels for transmitting emergency summaries and low-priority channels for transmitting regular monitoring data; this improves the real-time and reliability of the emergency summary and avoids delays caused by regular data occupying bandwidth;

[0058] The emergency summary carries a sequence number and a hardware timestamp during transmission, the sequence number is used to identify the data order and avoid repetition; the hardware timestamp is used to ensure time accuracy and consistency, the receiving end can accurately determine whether the message is the latest, whether it is lost or repeated, thereby ensuring the correctness and timeliness of the emergency data;

[0059] The deterministic communication module 22 repeatedly sends the emergency summary after the first transmission according to a predetermined number of repetitions and retry intervals; preferably, the number of repetitions is 3 times, the retry interval is 5 milliseconds, and the maximum period does not exceed 50 milliseconds. Through the redundant sending mechanism, the probability of transmission failure caused by channel interference or packet loss is reduced, and the successful delivery rate of the emergency summary is significantly improved.

[0060] In the deterministic communication module 22, the maximum decision time window is the maximum allowed time from the first transmission of the emergency summary by the electrical cabinet to the reception of the summary of the adjacent electrical cabinet nodes and the completion of the preliminary fusion judgment; the time range of communication and fusion judgment is limited to avoid delays caused by waiting too long, and to ensure that the entire judgment process is completed within a certain time limit;

[0061] And the value of the longest decision time window is less than the difference between the maximum fault removal time required by the power system relay protection and the inherent hardware action delay of the protection execution unit 3; The decision time window is linked with the relay protection action time constraint of the power system, ensuring that there is still enough margin for the execution unit to act after the fusion judgment and communication are completed, avoiding the decision window being too long to occupy the protection action time, and ensuring that the decision and action are completed within the fault removal time requirement.

[0062] In the deterministic communication module 22, a multi-round negotiation protocol is adopted to execute a weighted fusion algorithm to generate a global confidence within the longest decision time window. Based on the global confidence, the specific steps of determining whether to generate a specific anti-triggering cooperative protection decision instruction are as follows:

[0063] S21, in each negotiation window, receive and verify the digital signature of the emergency summary information sent by the adjacent electrical cabinet node, and only collect the verified information; The verification of the digital signature and the collection of only the verified information ensure that the basis data for subsequent fusion calculation is tamper-proof and the source is reliable, which directly provides the system with attack resistance capability;

[0064] The emergency summary information at least contains the fault confidence of the sending electrical cabinet node and the identity of the electrical cabinet node;

[0065] S22, based on the identity of the electrical cabinet node, a dynamic weight is allocated to each electrical cabinet node; wherein the assignment strategy of the dynamic weight is determined based on the real-time response state and the historical reliability record of the node;

[0066] The real-time response state is whether the node successfully responds to the cooperative request in the current round and the previous round, and the historical reliability record is the accuracy rate of the diagnosis conclusion of the node in the past cooperative events; It means that if a node does not respond many times in the current fault event (may be down or communication interruption), its weight will be dynamically reduced, and the node with long-term unreliability is punished, so that the system has the adaptability to temporary faults.

[0067] S23, based on the confidence and the allocated weight, the weighted global confidence of the current round is calculated

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, is the global confidence of the first round; is the current round; is the weight of the first node in the first round; is the fault confidence of the first i node in the first round; ​Total number of adjacent electrical cabinet nodes; ;

[0070] S24, defining the cooperative abandonment threshold and the cooperative action threshold , comparing the global confidence with the cooperative abandonment threshold and the cooperative action threshold , to determine whether to generate a cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering.

[0071] Among them, the cooperative action threshold is a preset high confidence threshold, and the core consideration is to avoid misoperation, that is, to prevent false power cut-off in the absence of real failure, resulting in unnecessary power failure. Therefore, must be set high enough, and in this embodiment, 0.9 is taken;

[0072] The cooperative abandonment threshold is a preset low confidence threshold, and the core consideration is to avoid refusal to act, that is, to prevent the system from erroneously judging as normal when a real failure has occurred, refusing to act, resulting in the expansion of the failure. Therefore, must be set low enough, and in this embodiment, 0.2 is taken.

[0073] The above threshold values are example preferred values, which can be determined by simulation, field test or statistical verification data.

[0074] In S24, the specific steps of determining whether to generate a cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering are as follows:

[0075] If the global confidence is lower than or equal to the cooperative abandonment threshold , a cooperative decision instruction against triggering is generated, and the signature of the node is attached and broadcast to the adjacent nodes;

[0076] If the global confidence is higher than or equal to the cooperative action threshold , no instruction against triggering is generated in this round;

[0077] If the global confidence is higher than the cooperative abandonment threshold and the global confidence is lower than the cooperative action threshold , it indicates that no clear consensus is reached in this round, and the next round of negotiation is started;

[0078] If the current round has reached the preset maximum negotiation round, the negotiation process is terminated;

[0079] Traditional fault handling can be one-shot: node detects, sends data, waits for response, then acts. The multi-round negotiation protocol proposed in this embodiment introduces the mechanism of iteration and fallback, allowing nodes to exchange information and self-correct multiple times before making a final decision. Each round of negotiation is equivalent to a fallback point. If the information in the current round is not sufficient to make a high-confidence decision, the system does not freeze or act blindly, but falls back to a state of waiting for more information and starts the next round of attempts.

[0080] Boundedness is reflected in the protocol's preset maximum number of negotiation rounds. Whether the negotiation reaches an agreement or not, if the maximum number of negotiation rounds is reached or the maximum decision time window is exceeded , the process must be terminated and a default conclusion is given (usually a timeout is considered as an agreement to the local action), preventing the system from being trapped in an infinite loop of waiting due to network disturbances or node failures, ensuring real-time performance.

[0081] The multi-round negotiation protocol cycles through the following steps:

[0082] Round 0 (initialization):

[0083] Local trigger: the local fault fingerprint extraction module 21 generates local fault feature data and confidence ;

[0084] Broadcast proposal: the deterministic communication module 22 multicasts as a "proposal" to all neighboring nodes;

[0085] Start timer: at the same time, start the round timer (duration ) and the total timeout timer (duration );

[0086] Rounds 1 to K (cyclic negotiation):

[0087] Receive and aggregate: during the waiting time of each round, collect the fault data and confidence sent by other nodes;

[0088] Weighted fusion calculation: based on all the collected information (including the previous one), perform a weighted fusion algorithm to calculate an updated global confidence ;

[0089] Decision check: if ≥ action threshold: it means that the collaborative conclusion is highly confident that there is a fault, and a consent trigger instruction is generated and immediately jumps to the final step;

[0090] If ≤ Abandon threshold: indicates that the collaborative conclusion is highly confident that there is no fault or the fault is minor, generates an opposing trigger instruction, and immediately jumps to the final step.

[0091] If the abandon threshold < Action threshold: indicates that the current information is still ambiguous and cannot reach a clear consensus;

[0092] Backtracking and renegotiation: when the current round timer expires and is in the above ambiguous state, it is rolled back to the next round, and the node takes the current fused result (or its own updated result according to the new data) as a new proposal, and broadcasts it again to start the next round of negotiation;

[0093] Round check: if the current round number has reached the maximum preset round number K, the loop is forcibly terminated, and is considered as timeout;

[0094] Final output decision: if a clear agreement or opposition instruction is received in the loop, the instruction is output.

[0095] If the loop is exited due to reaching K rounds or total time timeout, output a timeout signal (which means that the default collaborative decision does not oppose the local action).

[0096] The deterministic communication module 22 is based on the Byzantine fault-tolerant decision mechanism, and only when not less than a number of opposing trigger collaborative decision instructions issued by different electrical cabinet nodes and verified to be valid are collected within the longest decision time window, it is determined that the current collaborative decision is an opposing trigger, wherein, is the maximum number of malicious nodes allowed for fault tolerance preset by the system;

[0097] The ordinary consensus protocol cannot cope with the situation that a node may send malicious or false error information due to hacking or serious hardware error (for example, reporting "normal" although a real fault occurs, or inducing other nodes to malfunction), and the present scheme introduces a Byzantine fault-tolerant decision mechanism, so that the system can tolerate up to f such malicious nodes and still make correct decisions.

[0098] This means that an opposing trigger instruction cannot come from only one node, but must be collectively proven by a quorum of nodes to be valid, preventing a single malicious node from preventing necessary protective actions by forging opposing instructions.

[0099] In the multi-round negotiation, the electrical cabinet node must use its private key to digitally sign the message (especially the opposing instruction) when sending the message; the electrical cabinet node will verify the validity of the sender's signature when receiving the message. Messages with invalid signatures are discarded directly.

[0100] At the same time, the effectiveness conditions of the opposing instruction are enhanced:

[0101] When the electrical cabinet node receives an instruction of a veto trigger, it cannot accept it immediately; it must check whether the veto instruction is a signed set and the signatures in the set come from at least f+1 different legal electrical cabinet nodes.

[0102] Because according to the Byzantine fault tolerance theory, the system tolerates f malicious electrical cabinet nodes, at least 3f+1 total electrical cabinet nodes are needed, and the consensus needs the agreement of 2f+1 electrical cabinet nodes. An effective veto instruction must contain at least f+1 signatures, which ensures that even if f malicious signatures are mixed in, there is still at least one honest electrical cabinet node with a real veto opinion. This makes it impossible for a malicious electrical cabinet node to forge an effective veto instruction alone.

[0103] Flowchart example:

[0104] The electrical cabinet node A detects a fault and broadcasts a proposal trigger.

[0105] The malicious electrical cabinet node B (controlled by a hacker) wants to prevent the action, and it must forge a veto instruction.

[0106] But the electrical cabinet node B needs at least f+1 signatures of electrical cabinet nodes. It can only forge its own signature and cannot forge the signatures of other honest electrical cabinet nodes.

[0107] Therefore, the single veto instruction it sends will be ignored by other electrical cabinet nodes as invalid.

[0108] Only when a real fault does not occur, enough (≥f+1) honest electrical cabinet nodes will issue a signed veto instruction, which will be accepted by the network, thereby correctly preventing a misoperation.

[0109] The timeout monitoring module 23 is used to monitor the timeout state of the longest decision time window and the negotiation round number, if the coordinated protection decision instruction of the veto trigger is not received from the deterministic communication module 22 before the longest decision time window is timed out or the maximum negotiation round number is reached, and the local fault confidence is not lower than the preset fault confidence threshold, a trigger signal is generated;

[0110] The protection execution unit 3 is used to respond to the trigger signal, thereby driving the tripping action of the local circuit breaker to realize fault isolation.

[0111] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the above examples, and the above examples and descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application.

Claims

1. An IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets, characterized in that, include: Data sampling unit (1), the data sampling unit (1) is used to perform high-speed sampling on local electrical cabinet nodes and generate sampling data with hardware timestamp; Bounded backoff unit (2), the bounded backoff unit (2) is used to complete the collaborative protection decision with the adjacent electrical cabinet node based on the sampled data and using the D-CPB mechanism within the preset longest decision time window, and use a multi-round negotiation protocol to determine whether to generate a collaborative protection decision instruction against triggering. If no collaborative protection decision instruction against triggering is received before the end of the longest decision time window or after the maximum number of negotiation rounds, and the local fault confidence is not lower than the preset fault confidence threshold, then a trigger signal is generated. The bounded rollback unit (2) includes a fault fingerprint extraction module (21), a deterministic communication module (22), and a timeout monitoring module (23). Among them, the fault fingerprint extraction module (21) is used to extract a compressed fingerprint representing the fault characteristics from the sampled data when a preset trigger condition is detected, and to generate an emergency summary and a local fault confidence level. The deterministic communication module (22) is used to multicast an emergency summary containing fault characteristics to the adjacent electrical cabinet node in the form of an emergency message. At the same time, it receives and verifies the summary information of the adjacent electrical cabinet node. It adopts a multi-round negotiation protocol and executes a weighted fusion algorithm to generate a global confidence score within the longest decision time window. Based on the global confidence score, it determines whether to generate a cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering. The timeout monitoring module (23) is used to monitor the timeout status and negotiation rounds of the longest decision time window. If no cooperative protection decision instruction opposing triggering is received from the deterministic communication module (22) before the longest decision time window expires or after the maximum negotiation rounds are reached, and the local fault confidence level is not lower than the preset fault confidence level threshold, then a trigger signal is generated. The protection execution unit (3) is used to respond to the trigger signal, thereby driving the local circuit breaker to open and achieve fault isolation.

2. The IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset triggering conditions are amplitude threshold triggering, slope threshold triggering, and model scoring triggering.

3. The IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets according to claim 2, characterized in that: The deterministic communication module (22) adopts a priority scheduling strategy, using a high-priority channel to transmit emergency summaries and a low-priority channel to transmit regular monitoring data.

4. The IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets according to claim 3, characterized in that: The emergency summary carries a sequence number and a hardware timestamp during transmission.

5. The IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets according to claim 4, characterized in that: The deterministic communication module (22) retransmits the emergency summary after the first transmission of the emergency summary according to a predetermined number of repetitions and retry intervals.

6. The IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the deterministic communication module (22), the longest decision time window is the maximum allowable time from the first time the electrical cabinet sends the emergency summary to the time when the summary of the adjacent electrical cabinet node is received and the preliminary fusion judgment is completed.

7. The IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the deterministic communication module (22), a multi-round negotiation protocol is adopted. Within the longest decision time window, a weighted fusion algorithm is executed to generate a global confidence score. The specific steps for determining whether to generate a collaborative protection decision instruction against triggering based on the global confidence score are as follows: S21. In each round of negotiation window, receive and verify the digital signature of the emergency summary information sent from the adjacent electrical cabinet node, and only collect the verified information; The emergency summary information includes at least the fault confidence level of the sending electrical cabinet node and the identification identifier of the electrical cabinet node; S22. Based on the electrical cabinet node identification, assign dynamic weights to each electrical cabinet node; wherein, the dynamic weight assignment strategy is determined jointly by the node's real-time response status and historical reliability records; S23. Calculate the weighted global confidence score for the current round based on the confidence score and the assigned weights. ; S24. Define the collaborative abandonment threshold. and cooperative action threshold global confidence With the threshold of collaborative abandonment and cooperative action threshold The comparison is performed to determine whether to generate a collaborative protection decision instruction against triggering.

8. The IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S24, the specific steps for determining whether to generate a cooperative protection decision instruction against triggering are as follows: If global confidence Less than or equal to the collaborative abandonment threshold If so, a collaborative decision instruction opposing the triggering is generated, and after being signed by this node, it is broadcast to neighboring nodes; If global confidence Higher than or equal to the cooperative action threshold If so, no opposition command will be generated in this round; If global confidence Above the collaborative abandonment threshold And global confidence Below the threshold for coordinated action If no clear consensus is reached in this round, then the next round of negotiations will begin; If the current round has reached the preset maximum negotiation round, the negotiation process will be terminated.

9. The IoT-based remote monitoring and communication system for electrical cabinets according to claim 8, characterized in that: The deterministic communication module (22) is based on the Byzantine fault-tolerant decision-making mechanism and only collects no less than [number missing] within the longest decision time window. Only when there are multiple valid and opposing collaborative decision instructions issued by different electrical cabinet nodes is the current collaborative decision deemed to be an opposing trigger. This is a pre-defined maximum number of malicious nodes that are allowed to be fault-tolerant.

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