Solar cell modules and their manufacturing methods, photovoltaic equipment, electrical equipment and power generation devices

Abstract

This application relates to a solar cell module and its fabrication method, photovoltaic equipment, electrical equipment, and power generation device. An adhesive layer is disposed on the surface of a first electrode layer along a second direction and facing the conversion module, effectively bonding and fixing the first electrode layer in the second direction. If the adhesive layer extends to or into the opening of a first trench, the portion of the first electrode layer near the first trench is effectively bonded. Thus, when the first electrode layer located in the first trench is fully scribed, the cross-section of the first electrode layer is less likely to warp due to the adhesive force. If a portion of the adhesive layer is also bonded to the first electrode layer located in the first trench, effectively bonding the first electrode layer in the first trench enhances the downward adhesion of the first electrode layer within the cell. This also reduces the likelihood of the first electrode layer warping when scribed on the portion of the first electrode layer located in the first trench.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic cell technology, and in particular to solar cell modules and their preparation methods, photovoltaic equipment, electrical equipment and power generation devices. Background Technology

[0002] In the fabrication of some solar cell modules, such as perovskite solar cells, P1, P2, and P3 markings are typically required. During P3 marking, the back electrode is usually separated using laser marking. However, due to the limitations of traditional solar cell module structural design, the resulting solar cell modules have a relatively large number of short-circuit points, affecting the device's efficiency and stability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solar cell module and its preparation method, photovoltaic equipment, electrical equipment and power generation device to reduce the probability of short circuits and improve the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a solar cell module, comprising: a plurality of cell units electrically connected sequentially along a first direction, each cell unit including a light conversion component and a first electrode layer stacked along a second direction, a first trench between the light conversion components in two adjacent cell units, the first direction intersecting the second direction; wherein, the solar cell module further includes an adhesive layer disposed on at least one of two adjacent cell units, and bonded at least along the second direction to the surface of the first electrode layer facing the light conversion component; the adhesive layer extends to or into the opening of the first trench, and / or a portion of the adhesive layer is also bonded to a portion of the structure of the first electrode layer located in the same cell unit and within the first trench.

[0005] In the aforementioned solar cell module, an adhesive layer is provided on the surface of the first electrode layer along the second direction and facing the conversion module, effectively bonding and fixing the first electrode layer in the second direction. If the adhesive layer can extend to or into the opening of the first trench, the portion of the first electrode layer near the first trench is effectively bonded. Thus, when the first electrode layer located in the first trench is fully scribed, the cross-section of the first electrode layer is less likely to warp due to the adhesive force. If a portion of the adhesive layer is also bonded to the first electrode layer located in the first trench, effectively bonding the first electrode layer in the first trench enhances the downward adhesion of the first electrode layer within the cell. This also reduces the likelihood of the first electrode layer warping when scribing the portion of the first electrode layer located in the first trench. This design effectively reduces the probability of warping of the first electrode layer during scribing, thereby reducing the likelihood of short circuits caused by warped portions during lamination, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0006] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer includes a first adhesive portion, and the first electrode layer includes a main body portion disposed on one side of the light conversion assembly along a second direction. The first adhesive portion is bonded to the surface of the main body portion facing the light conversion assembly and extends to one end of the main body portion near the first trench. This design provides adhesion to the light conversion assembly side during the scribing process of the first electrode layer, reducing the probability of warping of the main body portion after cutting, thereby helping to reduce the occurrence of short circuits and improve the performance and stability of the device.

[0007] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the adhesive layer further includes a second adhesive portion, and at least a portion of the first electrode layer includes a residual portion connected to the main body portion. The residual portion is located within the first trench and extends along a second direction, and the second adhesive portion is bonded to the surface of the residual portion facing the light conversion component. This design, by introducing the second adhesive portion to bond the residual portion in the first trench, ensures that during the molding process of the residual portion, it is subjected to an adhesive force along the side facing the light conversion component, reducing the risk of warping and overlapping, thereby helping to reduce the generation of short circuit points and improve the performance and stability of the device.

[0008] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the adhesive layer further includes a third adhesive portion, which is bonded to the end face of the remaining portion along the first direction and away from the main body. This design, by bonding the third adhesive portion to the end face of the remaining portion, further reduces the risk of end warping of the remaining portion during cutting, thereby helping to reduce the probability of short circuits.

[0009] In some embodiments, each first electrode layer includes a residual portion, and the residual portions in two adjacent battery cells extend into the same first trench, with the two residual portions spaced apart along a first direction to form a second trench. This design introduces the second trench, effectively separating the two residual portions to form battery cells connected in series.

[0010] In some embodiments, the solar cell module further includes a first insulating layer located within a first trench and insulatingly separated between the second adhesive portion and the trench wall of the light conversion component facing the first trench. This design, with the first insulating layer disposed on the trench wall of the first trench, can insulate the first electrode layer in the first trench from the light conversion component, reducing the possibility of short circuits between the first electrode layer and the light conversion component.

[0011] In some embodiments, the solar cell module further includes a second insulating layer disposed along a second direction between the light conversion module and the first electrode layer, and connected to the first insulating layer. This design, by introducing the second insulating layer and integrating it with the first insulating layer, provides more comprehensive insulation protection for the light conversion module, further reducing the probability of short circuits and improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0012] In some embodiments, the material of the first isolation layer is the same as that of the second isolation layer. This design, by making the materials of the first and second isolation layers consistent, allows the first and second isolation layers to be fabricated as a single unit, which helps to improve fabrication efficiency.

[0013] In some embodiments, the insulation performance of the first isolation layer is higher than that of the second isolation layer. This design allows for more targeted insulation protection at different locations, improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the sheet resistance value of the first isolation layer and / or the second isolation layer is denoted as R, where 10 6 Ω / □≤R≤10 10 Ω / □. This design controls the sheet resistance of the first and / or second isolation layers to within 10 Ω. 6 Ω / □~10 10 The Ω / □ range facilitates effective insulation protection between the first electrode layer and the light conversion component; at the same time, it also limits the risk of ion migration.

[0015] In some embodiments, the material of the first insulating layer includes at least one selected from epoxy resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, polycarbonate polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, phenolic plastic, silicon boron, metal oxide, and inorganic solids with ionic structures. This design allows the first insulating layer to have better insulation properties, effectively reducing the probability of short circuits occurring during the scribing process and improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0016] In some embodiments, the solar cell module further includes a third insulating layer located within the first trench and insulated between the bottom of the first trench and the end face of the remaining portion along the second direction. This design, using the third insulating layer instead of directly pressing the warped portion against the bottom of the first trench, reduces the probability of short circuits and further improves the performance and stability of the device.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer includes a connecting portion that extends through the light conversion assembly along a second direction to connect two adjacent battery cells in series. An adhesive layer is located on the side of the connecting portion along a first direction and facing the corresponding first trench. This design concentrates the adhesive layer on the side of the connecting portion facing the first trench, thus reducing the amount of adhesive layer used while mitigating the problem of warping of the first electrode layer near the first trench.

[0018] In some embodiments, the viscosity value of the adhesive layer is denoted as η, where η ≥ 100 mPa·s. This design, with a reasonable viscosity value, helps to enhance the adhesion to the first electrode layer, reduce warping during scribing, and improve the performance and stability of the device.

[0019] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer material includes at least one of polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, polyimide precursor, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, cellulose derivative, semiconductor polymer, small molecule semiconductor, sugar, silver nanowire ink, silver nanoparticle / copper nanoparticle ink, ITO nanoparticle ink, ZnO sol, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and bio-based materials. This design, with its appropriate selection of adhesive layer material, helps increase adhesion to the first electrode layer, thereby reducing warping caused by scribing and improving device performance and stability.

[0020] In some embodiments, each light conversion component includes a first transmission layer, a light-absorbing layer, and a second transmission layer stacked along a second direction. A first electrode layer is disposed on the side of the second transmission layer opposite to the light-absorbing layer, and an adhesive layer is at least partially bonded between the first electrode layer and the second transmission layer. This design facilitates the formation of a structurally stable solar cell module.

[0021] In some embodiments, the solar cell module further includes a substrate, and each cell further includes a second electrode layer disposed on the substrate, with the light conversion component disposed on the surface of the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate. This design facilitates the formation of a solar cell module structure with stable circuitry.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a method for fabricating a solar cell module, the method comprising the following steps: scribes lines at intervals along a first direction on a second electrode layer to form a plurality of spaced third trenches; forms a continuous light conversion component along the first direction on the second electrode layer; scribes lines on the light conversion component and on one side of each third trench to form a first trench; scribes lines at intervals on the light conversion component to form a fourth trench located between the third trenches and the first trenches; provides an adhesive layer on at least one side of the light conversion component located in the first trench along the first direction, wherein the adhesive layer extends to or into the opening of the first trench, and / or a portion of the adhesive layer is also provided on the trench wall of the first trench along the first direction; forms a first electrode layer on the light conversion component, and scribes lines on the first electrode layer located in the first trench to form a second trench.

[0023] In the aforementioned method for fabricating a solar cell module, after forming the first trench and before forming the first electrode layer, an adhesive layer is provided on the light conversion module. This adhesive layer extends to the opening of the first trench, or a portion of the adhesive layer is also disposed on the trench wall, effectively bonding and fixing the first electrode layer in the second direction. If the adhesive layer can extend to or into the opening of the first trench, the portion of the first electrode layer near the first trench is effectively bonded. Thus, when the first electrode layer located in the first trench is fully scribed, the cross-section of the first electrode layer is less likely to warp due to the adhesive force. If a portion of the adhesive layer is also bonded to the first electrode layer located in the first trench, the first electrode layer is effectively bonded to the first trench, enhancing the downward adhesion of the first electrode layer within the cell. This also reduces the likelihood of the first electrode layer warping when scribed on the portion of the first electrode layer located in the first trench. This design effectively reduces the probability of the first electrode layer warping during the scribe line process, thereby reducing the likelihood of short circuits occurring in the warped portion during lamination, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0024] In some embodiments, prior to the step of scribe lines at intervals on the optical conversion component to form a fourth trench located between the third trench and the first trench, the method further includes: forming an isolation structure between the surface of the optical conversion component and the first trench, such that the trench wall of the first trench forms a first isolation layer and the surface of the optical conversion component forms a second isolation layer. This design can insulate the first electrode layer in the first trench from the optical conversion component, reducing the possibility of short circuits between the first electrode layer and the optical conversion component.

[0025] Thirdly, this application provides a photovoltaic device, which includes a solar cell module according to any of the above.

[0026] Fourthly, this application provides an electrical device that includes a solar cell module as described above.

[0027] Fifthly, this application provides a power generation device, which includes the solar cell module of any of the above. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a structural cross-sectional view of a solar cell module with a first adhesive portion as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a solar cell assembly with a first adhesive portion and a second adhesive portion as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0030] Figure 3This is a structural cross-sectional view of a solar cell module having a first and second insulating layer of the same material, as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a structural cross-sectional view of a solar cell module with a first and second insulating layer of inconsistent materials, as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 5 The following is a process flow for fabricating solar cell modules as described in some embodiments of this application. Figure 1 .

[0033] Figure 6 The following is a process flow for fabricating solar cell modules as described in some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 .

[0034] 10. Substrate; 20. Battery cell; 21. Second electrode layer; 211. Third trench; 2a. Light conversion component; 22. First transmission layer; 23. Light-absorbing layer; 24. Second transmission layer; 25. First electrode layer; 251. Main body; 252. Residual portion; 253. Connecting portion; 26. First trench; 27. Second trench; 28. Fourth trench; 30. Adhesive layer; 31. First adhesive portion; 32. Second adhesive portion; 33. Third adhesive portion; 40. First isolation layer; 41. Second isolation layer; 42. Third isolation layer; X, First direction; Y, Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0037] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0041] With the rapid development of science and technology, breakthroughs have been made in the development of new energy sources. For example, solar cells, represented by perovskite and organic thin-film batteries, have made disruptive progress. These solar cells have become the mainstream products of new energy sources due to their advantages such as high efficiency and low cost.

[0042] In the fabrication of some solar cell modules, P1, P2, and P3 scribing are typically performed. During P3 scribing, the back electrode is usually separated using laser scribing. Since the back electrode is usually made of metal, it has good ductility and a relatively high melting point. The heat generated during scribing makes it difficult for the back electrode to vaporize, leading to warping at the cross-section, such as curled edges, burrs, and aggregated metal particles. These warped structures tend to overlap downwards during subsequent lamination, creating a relatively large number of short-circuit points, affecting the device's efficiency and stability.

[0043] Based on this, this application provides a solar cell module in which an adhesive layer is disposed on the surface of the first electrode layer along a second direction and toward the conversion module, so that the first electrode layer is effectively bonded and fixed in the second direction. If the adhesive layer can extend to or into the opening of the first trench, the portion of the first electrode layer near the first trench is effectively bonded. In this way, when the first electrode layer located in the first trench is completely scribed, the cross-section of the first electrode layer is less likely to warp due to the adhesive force. If a portion of the adhesive layer is also bonded to the first electrode layer located in the first trench, the first electrode layer is effectively bonded in the first trench, enhancing the downward adhesion of the first electrode layer in the cell. In this way, when the portion of the first electrode layer located in the first trench is scribed, the probability of the first electrode layer warping can also be reduced. This design can effectively reduce the probability of the first electrode layer warping during scribing, thereby reducing the probability of short circuit points generated by the warped portion during lamination, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0044] This application provides an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source. The device can be, but is not limited to, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, and space stations. The electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys.

[0045] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2This application provides a solar cell module, which includes: a cell unit 20 and an adhesive layer 30. A plurality of cell units 20 are electrically connected sequentially along a first direction X. Each cell unit 20 includes a light conversion component 2a and a first electrode layer 25 stacked along a second direction Y. A first trench 26 is formed between the light conversion components 2a in two adjacent cell units 20. The first direction X intersects the second direction Y. The adhesive layer 30 is disposed on at least one of two adjacent cell units 20 and is bonded at least along the second direction Y to the surface of the first electrode layer 25 facing the light conversion component 2a. The adhesive layer 30 extends to or into the opening of the first trench 26, and / or a portion of the adhesive layer 30 is also bonded to a portion of the structure of the first electrode layer 25 located in the same cell unit 20 and within the first trench 26.

[0046] A cell 20 refers to a component in a solar cell module that converts light energy into electrical energy and outputs electrical energy. Multiple cell 20s can be sequentially distributed along a first direction X and electrically connected to each other, such as in series. Taking a perovskite solar cell module as an example, during the fabrication process, the light conversion component 2a can be scribed at intervals along the first direction X to form multiple fourth trenches 28 spaced apart along the first direction X. Then, when forming the first electrode layer 25, a portion of the first electrode layer 25 can fill the fourth trenches 28, and adjacent cell 20s can be connected in series. Then, the first electrode layer 25 is scribed to separate the cells, at which point cell 20s sequentially distributed along the first direction X can be obtained.

[0047] The light conversion component 2a refers to a component that converts light energy into electrical energy. Incident light (e.g., sunlight) enters the device and reaches the light conversion component 2a, where it is absorbed. Under the excitation of the incident light, the light-absorbing layer 23 generates electron-hole pairs. Under the action of an electric field, the holes and electrons separate, with the electrons transported to one electrode and the holes to the other electrode. Subsequently, a circuit is formed via an external circuit, which can be used to drive a load. The light conversion component 2a may include the light-absorbing layer 23, but may not include an electron or hole transport layer; alternatively, it may include the light-absorbing layer 23 and hole and electron transport layers disposed on both sides of the light-absorbing layer 23.

[0048] The first electrode layer 25 refers to the structure for charge transport in the solar cell module. The material of the first electrode layer 25 can be of various types; it can be a metallic structure or a transparent conductive oxide. For example, it can be a material with an average transmittance of over 80% in the visible light range (wavelength 380 nm ~ 760 nm, corresponding to energies of 3.26 eV ~ 1.63 eV), high conductivity, and a resistivity lower than 1 × 10⁻⁶. -3Ω·cm (ohm·cm). A variety of materials can be chosen, such as, but not limited to, indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), lanthanide-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO). The metallic structure can be, but is not limited to, Ag, Au, Pt, and Cu.

[0049] When the first electrode layer 25 is a metallic structure, the charge transport performance of the component can be improved. Because metallic structures have good ductility and a relatively high melting point, the heat generated during the scribing process of the first electrode layer 25 is insufficient to vaporize it, leading to warping at the cross-section, such as curled edges, burrs, and aggregated metal particles. These warped structures are prone to overlapping downwards in subsequent lamination processes, for example, by overlapping downwards with each other; or by being pressed onto the side of the light conversion component 2a; or by being pressed onto the second electrode layer 21 of the adjacent battery cell 20, thus creating a relatively large number of short-circuit points.

[0050] Therefore, in this embodiment, an adhesive layer 30 is provided on the surface of the first electrode layer 25 along the second direction Y and facing the light conversion component 2a, so that the first electrode layer 25 has adhesive force along the side facing the light conversion component 2a. This reduces the probability of warping away from the light conversion component 2a during scribing. The adhesive layer 30 can be designed in various ways, for example, one end of the adhesive layer 30 can extend to or into the opening of the first trench 26. In this case, if the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 is completely removed, the portion of the first electrode layer 25 located at the opening of the first trench 26 is still effectively bonded, providing it with adhesion along the side facing the first trench 26. Of course, a portion of the adhesive layer 30 can also be disposed on the wall of the first trench 26, so that the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 and in the same battery cell 20 is bonded. In this way, when marking lines, a portion of the first electrode layer 25 can be retained in the first trench 26, so that the retained first electrode layer 25 is still bonded in the first trench 26, thus reducing the risk of upward warping.

[0051] It should be noted that when a portion of the adhesive layer 30 is also disposed in the first trench 26, the adhesive layer 30 can be a continuous structure, such as extending from the opening of the first trench 26 to the trench wall. The adhesive layer 30 can also be a discontinuous structure, such as a portion of the adhesive layer 30 disposed on the surface of the first electrode layer 25 along the second direction Y and facing the light conversion component 2a, and another portion disposed on the trench wall of the first trench 26, with the two not connected. The second direction Y can be understood as the stacking direction or thickness direction of the battery cells 20; in some examples, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.

[0052] It should also be noted that the adhesive layer 30 can extend to or into the opening of the first trench 26. This can be understood as follows: when the adhesive layer 30 is bonded between the first electrode layer 25 and the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y, it can extend along the first direction X to the edge of the opening of the first trench 26; it can also continue to extend beyond the edge of the opening and be located inside the opening of the first trench 26. For example, if an isolation structure is provided on the trench wall of the first trench 26, the adhesive layer 30 can extend to the end face of the isolation structure.

[0053] Alternatively, the adhesive layer 30 can be directly bonded to the surface of the light conversion component 2a, so that the first electrode layer 25 is bonded to the light conversion component 2a; or it can be indirectly disposed on the surface of the light conversion component 2a, for example, when other structures are disposed on the light conversion component 2a, the first electrode layer 25 is bonded to the other structures through the adhesive layer 30.

[0054] The adhesive layer 30 refers to a structure that can provide effective adhesive force for the first electrode layer 25 in the battery cell 20. When the adhesive layer 30 is bonded to the surface of the first electrode layer 25, the first electrode layer 25 will be bonded to the battery cell 20 by the adhesive layer 30, such as: bonded to the light conversion component 2a; or bonded to other structures on the light conversion component 2a, etc.

[0055] The adhesive layer 30 also partially adheres to the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26, indicating that when the first electrode layer 25 is scribing, a portion of the first electrode layer 25 is retained in the first trench 26 and simultaneously fixed to the trench wall by the adhesive layer 30. It is readily understood that the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 can be directly or indirectly adhered to the light conversion component 2a located in the same battery cell 20 via the adhesive layer 30.

[0056] Furthermore, the solar cell module of this embodiment can be applied to various types of photovoltaic devices, such as: it can be applied to all photovoltaic device structures, including formal perovskite single-cell / inverted perovskite single-cell / tandem (including perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem, perovskite-perovskite tandem, perovskite-copper indium gallium selenide tandem, perovskite-organic photovoltaic cell tandem, etc.).

[0057] This design effectively reduces the probability of the first electrode layer 25 warping during the scribe line, thereby reducing the likelihood of short circuits occurring in the warped portion during lamination, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0058] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 The adhesive layer 30 includes a first adhesive portion 31, and the first electrode layer 25 includes a main body portion 251 disposed on one side of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y. The first adhesive portion 31 is bonded to the surface of the main body portion 251 facing the light conversion component 2a and extends to one end of the main body portion 251 near the first groove 26.

[0059] The main body 251 refers to the structure on the first electrode layer 25 that can output current outward or input current inward, and it is disposed on one side of the light conversion component 2a. When the first adhesive part 31 is disposed on the surface of the main body 251 facing the light conversion component 2a, the main body 251 can be directly or indirectly bonded to the light conversion component 2a through the first adhesive part 31.

[0060] Since the first adhesive portion 31 extends to the end of the main body portion 251 near the first groove 26, the end of the main body portion 251 near the first groove 26 is effectively bonded. This provides adhesion to the end of the main body portion 251 toward the light conversion component 2a when marking lines, effectively reducing the risk of warping.

[0061] Alternatively, when scribing the first electrode layer 25, the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 can be completely removed, for example, the end of the main body 251 near the first trench 26 can be flush with the trench wall of the first trench 26. The first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 can also be partially removed, for example, the end of the main body 251 near the first trench 26 may also have a portion of the first electrode layer 25 extending into the first trench 26 connected to it.

[0062] This design provides adhesion to the side of the light conversion component 2a during the scribing process of the first electrode layer 25, reducing the probability of warping of the main body 251 after cutting, thereby helping to reduce the occurrence of short circuits and improve the performance and stability of the device.

[0063] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 At least a portion of the adhesive layer 30 also includes a second adhesive portion 32, and at least a portion of the first electrode layer 25 includes a residual portion 252 connected to the main body portion 251. The residual portion 252 is located in the first trench 26 and extends along the second direction Y. The second adhesive portion 32 is bonded to the surface of the residual portion 252 facing the light conversion component 2a.

[0064] The remaining portion 252 refers to the structure remaining after scribing the first electrode layer 25 during the fabrication of the solar cell module. During the scribing process, the first electrode layer 25 on one side of the first trench 26 along the first direction X can be completely removed, while a portion of the first electrode layer 25 is retained on the other side, resulting in a first trench 26 with no remaining portion 252 on one side and a remaining portion 252 on the other side. Alternatively, remaining portions 252 can be provided on both opposite sides of the first trench 26.

[0065] It is easy to understand that the purpose of drawing lines on the first electrode layer 25 is to cut off the first electrode layer 25 of two adjacent battery cells 20. Therefore, if there are residual portions 252 on both sides of the first trench 26, the two residual portions 252 should be separated and not connected.

[0066] When the remaining portion 252 is bonded to the first groove 26 by the second adhesive portion 32, it indicates that the first electrode layer 25 located in the first groove 26 was bonded by the second adhesive portion 32 before scribing the first electrode layer 25. In this way, during the scribing process, the first electrode layer 25 located in the first groove 26 will always be subjected to an adhesive force opposite to the warping direction, reducing the probability of warping during the scribing process.

[0067] On the wall of the first groove 26, the second adhesive portion 32 may or may not cover the entire wall of the first groove 26 along the second direction Y. In some specific examples, the second adhesive portion 32 extends along the second direction Y to the opening of the first groove 26 and connects with the first adhesive portion 31.

[0068] This design introduces a second adhesive portion 32 to bond the remaining portion 252 into the first groove 26. During the molding process of the remaining portion 252, it is subjected to an adhesive force along the side toward the light conversion component 2a, reducing the risk of warping and overlapping. This helps to reduce the generation of short circuit points and improve the performance and stability of the device.

[0069] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 At least part of the adhesive layer 30 also includes a third adhesive portion 33, which is bonded to the end face of the remaining portion 252 along the first direction X and away from the main body portion 251.

[0070] It can be seen that, in the second direction Y, the third adhesive portion 33 is located below the remaining portion 252 and adheres to the end face of the remaining portion 252, providing it with an effective adhesive effect. The third adhesive portion 33 may or may not be connected to the second adhesive portion 32. Specifically, in some examples, the second adhesive portion 32 extends along the second direction Y and is connected to the third adhesive portion 33.

[0071] This design, by bonding the third adhesive portion 33 to the end face of the remaining portion 252, can further reduce the risk of end warping of the remaining portion 252 during the cutting process, thereby helping to reduce the probability of short circuits.

[0072] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, each first electrode layer 25 includes a residual portion 252, and the residual portions 252 in two adjacent battery cells 20 extend into the same first trench 26, and the two residual portions 252 are spaced apart along the first direction X to form a second trench 27.

[0073] It is known that when the first electrode layer 25 is scribing, the first trench 26 has residual portions 252 on both sides along the first direction X, and the two residual portions 252 are spaced apart, forming a second trench 27, so that each battery cell 20 is effectively separated. It is also known that each residual portion 252 can be bonded to the corresponding trench wall of the first trench 26 by the second adhesive portion 32. Furthermore, the end faces of each residual portion 252 can also be bonded by the third adhesive portion 33.

[0074] In some specific examples, during the fabrication of a solar cell module, before the first electrode layer 25 is formed, lines are drawn on the light conversion module 2a to form a first trench 26. Then, an adhesive layer 30 can be provided at the opening of the first trench 26 and on the trench wall of the first trench 26. Next, the first electrode layer 25 is formed on the light conversion module 2a, so that the first electrode layer 25 is bonded to the adhesive layer 30 and fills the first trench 26. Finally, lines are drawn on the first electrode layer 25 so that two residual portions 252 are formed in the first trench 26, and a second trench 27 is formed between the two residual portions 252.

[0075] This design introduces a second trench 27, which effectively separates the two remaining portions 252 so as to form battery cells 20 connected in series.

[0076] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The solar cell module also includes a first insulating layer 40, which is located in the first trench 26 and is insulated between the second adhesive portion 32 and the trench wall of the light conversion component 2a facing the first trench 26.

[0077] It is known that the first insulating layer 40, which insulates between the second adhesive portion and the light conversion component 2a, also provides insulation between the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 and the light conversion component 2a. During the scribing process, the first electrode layer 25 may warp. Part of this warping may be upward, posing a risk of overlap in the first trench 26 during subsequent lamination; another part may warp downward, directly overlapping the trench wall of the light conversion component 2a facing the first trench 26, creating a new short circuit point. Therefore, the first insulating layer 40 is provided between the light conversion component 2a and the second adhesive portion 32 to reduce the possibility of short circuits between the first electrode layer 25 and the light conversion component 2a.

[0078] The first insulating layer 40 can be a material with strong insulating properties or a material with relatively high electrical resistance. Examples include transparent metal oxides, metal nitrides, and other types of semiconductors. Transparent metal oxides include TiO2, Al2O3, Ta2O5, Nb2O5, CeO2, and PrO2. x EuO x SnO2, SnO2:Sb (antimony-doped tin oxide), Sb2O3, ZnO, ZnO:Al, ZnO:B, ZnO:Ga (gallium-doped zinc oxide), Ga2O3, VO2, V2O5, WO3, W2O3, NiO, CuO x FeO x CrO x CoO x MnO x One or more of LaCoO3, LaNiO3, and LaMnO3; one or more of metal nitrides including GaN, InN, Ta3N5, Ti-Si-N, and Ti-Al-N; and one or more of other semiconductors including ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CaS, CdTe, HgTe, ZnS:M (M=Mn, Tb, Tm), CaS:M (M=Eu, Ce, Tb, Pb), and SrS:M (M=Ce, Tb, Pb).

[0079] Furthermore, the first isolation layer 40 may cover the entire wall of the light conversion component 2a facing the first trench 26, or it may not cover the entire surface of the light conversion component 2a. Of course, if the first isolation layer 40 covers the entire wall of the light conversion component 2a facing the first trench 26, it may also extend to a surface of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y. Thus, during the fabrication process, after the first trench 26 is formed, the first isolation layer 40 can be formed only on the wall of the first trench 26, or on the wall of the first trench 26 and the surface of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y.

[0080] With this design, a first isolation layer 40 is provided on the wall of the first trench 26, which can insulate the first electrode layer 25 in the first trench 26 from the light conversion component 2a, reducing the possibility of short circuit between the first electrode layer 25 and the light conversion component 2a.

[0081] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The solar cell module also includes a second isolation layer 41, which is disposed between the light conversion component 2a and the first electrode layer 25 along the second direction Y and is connected to the first isolation layer 40.

[0082] The second insulating layer 41 is insulatingly separated between the surface of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y and the first electrode layer 25, achieving insulation protection between the first electrode layer 25 and the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y. The second insulating layer 41 and the first insulating layer 40 can be made of the same material or different materials.

[0083] When the second isolation layer 41 and the first isolation layer 40 are made of the same material, during the preparation process, after the first trench 26 is formed, an isolation structure can be deposited on one side of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y, so that the second isolation layer 41 is formed on the surface of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y, and the trench wall of the first trench 26 forms the first isolation layer 40.

[0084] Since the first isolation layer 40 is connected to the second isolation layer 41, the corner between the surface of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y and the groove wall of the light conversion component 2a facing the first trench 26 can be effectively insulated and covered. This reduces the probability of contact between the first electrode layer 25 and the light conversion component 2a during the scribing process, thereby reducing the probability of short circuits and improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0085] When the materials of the second insulating layer 41 and the first insulating layer 40 are different, the insulation of the first insulating layer 40 can be higher than that of the second insulating layer 41, that is, it provides better insulation protection within the first trench 26, reducing the risk of short circuits caused by the first electrode layer 25. In this case, the material of the first insulating layer 40 can be, but is not limited to, epoxy resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, polycarbonate polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, phenolic plastic, silicon boron, metal oxides, and inorganic solids with ionic structures, at least one of these. The material of the second insulating layer 41 can be, but is not limited to, transparent metal oxides, metal nitrides, and other types of semiconductors.

[0086] Furthermore, a second insulating layer 41, such as a metal oxide or metal nitride, is provided between the light conversion component 2a and the first electrode layer 25. This layer not only provides effective insulation but also reduces ion migration of the light conversion component 2a on the first electrode layer 25, preventing structural degradation of the light conversion component 2a. For example, in the case where the light conversion component 2a includes a perovskite layer, the second insulating layer 41 can hinder the migration of halogen elements in the perovskite layer. Simultaneously, the second insulating layer 41 can prevent some water and oxygen from penetrating into the light conversion component 2a.

[0087] This design introduces a second isolation layer 41, which is integrated with the first isolation layer 40, providing more comprehensive insulation protection for the optical conversion component 2a, further reducing the probability of short circuits and improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0088] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 The material of the first isolation layer 40 is the same as the material of the second isolation layer 41.

[0089] It is known that the first isolation layer 40 and the second isolation layer 41 can be an integrated structure. For example, during the fabrication of a solar cell module, after the first trench 26 is formed by scribing lines on the light conversion module 2a, an isolation structure can be formed on the surface of the light conversion module 2a and the trench wall of the first trench 26, so that the second isolation layer 41 is formed on the surface of the light conversion module 2a along the second direction Y, and the trench wall of the first trench 26 forms the first isolation layer 40.

[0090] This design ensures that the materials of the first isolation layer 40 and the second isolation layer 41 are consistent, allowing the first isolation layer 40 and the second isolation layer 41 to be integrally formed, which is beneficial to improving the manufacturing efficiency.

[0091] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 The insulation performance of the first insulating layer 40 is higher than that of the second insulating layer 41.

[0092] It is known that the materials of the first isolation layer 40 and the second isolation layer 41 are different. At this time, there are multiple ways to prepare the first isolation layer 40 and the second isolation layer 41. For example, after the first trench 26 is formed, the first isolation layer 40 can be formed on the trench wall of the first trench 26 first, and then the second isolation layer 41 can be formed on the surface of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y; or, before the first trench 26 is formed, the second isolation layer 41 can be formed on the surface of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y; when scribing, the second isolation layer 41 above the scribing position is cut off to form the first trench 26; then, the first isolation layer 40 is formed on the trench wall of the first trench 26.

[0093] During the scribing process, a portion of the first electrode layer 25 can bend downwards and overlap the trench wall of the light conversion component 2a facing the first trench 26. Therefore, the trench wall of the light conversion component 2a facing the first trench 26 is more prone to short circuits. To address this, this embodiment designs the insulation performance of the first isolation layer 40 to be superior to that of the second isolation layer 41, achieving more targeted insulation protection and improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0094] This design allows for more targeted insulation protection at different locations, improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0095] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the sheet resistance value of the first isolation layer 40 and / or the second isolation layer 41 is denoted as R, where 10 6 Ω / □≤R≤10 10 Ω / □.

[0096] Sheet resistance refers to the resistance of a material per unit square area; it is a physical quantity that measures the resistance of a material from side to side when the length and width are equal. The sheet resistance of the first insulating layer 40 and / or the second insulating layer 41 can be 10... 6 Ω / □~10 10 Values ​​can be between Ω and □, for example, they can be, but are not limited to, 10. 6 Ω / □、10 7 Ω / □、10 8 Ω / □、10 9 Ω / □、10 10 Ω / □ etc.

[0097] In some examples, the first isolation layer 40 and the second isolation layer 41 are made of the same material, and their sheet resistance is 10. 6 Ω / □~10 10 Between Ω and □. Of course, in other examples, the insulation performance of the first insulating layer 40 is higher than that of the second insulating layer 41, and the sheet resistance of the second insulating layer 41 is 10. 6 Ω / □~10 10 Ω / □.

[0098] This design controls the sheet resistance of the first isolation layer 40 and / or the second isolation layer 41 to 10. 6 Ω / □~10 10 The Ω / □ range facilitates effective insulation protection between the first electrode layer 25 and the light conversion component 2a; at the same time, it also limits the risk of ion migration.

[0099] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the material of the first isolation layer 40 includes at least one of epoxy resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, polycarbonate polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, phenolic plastic, silicon boron, metal oxide, and inorganic solids with ionic structures.

[0100] This design gives the first isolation layer 40 better insulation performance, effectively reducing the probability of short circuits during the scribing process and improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0101] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The solar cell module also includes a third insulating layer 42, which is located in the first trench 26 and is insulated between the bottom of the first trench 26 and the end face of the remaining portion 252 along the second direction Y.

[0102] The third isolation layer 42 refers to a high-resistance or insulating structure located at the bottom of the residual portion 252. In this way, even if there is a warped portion in the first electrode layer 25, the warped portion will be pressed onto the third isolation layer 42 during the lamination process, reducing the direct pressing onto the bottom of the first trench 26 and thus reducing the probability of short circuit points.

[0103] The third isolation layer 42 may be connected to the first isolation layer 40 to form an integrated structure, or it may not be separated from or connected to the first isolation layer 40. The material of the third isolation layer 42 can be selected from a variety of options, such as: transparent metal oxides, metal nitrides, other types of semiconductors, etc.; it may also be at least one of epoxy resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, polycarbonate polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, phenolic plastic, silicon boron, metal oxides, and inorganic solids with ionic structures.

[0104] This design, through the third isolation layer 42, replaces the warped portion which is directly pressed against the bottom of the first trench 26, thereby reducing the probability of short circuits and further improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0105] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 The first electrode layer 25 includes a connecting portion 253, which penetrates the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y to connect two adjacent battery cells 20 in series. The adhesive layer 30 is located on the side of the connecting portion 253 along the first direction X and facing the corresponding first trench 26.

[0106] The connecting portion 253 refers to the structure that enables series connection between two adjacent battery cells 20. During the fabrication of the battery cell 20, continuous light conversion components 2a can be scribed at intervals along the first direction X, forming fourth trenches 28 distributed at intervals along the first direction X on the light conversion components 2a and exposing the electrode structure at the bottom. At this time, when forming the first electrode layer 25, the connecting portion 253 on the first electrode layer 25 can be filled into the fourth trenches 28 and connected to the bottom electrode structure, thereby enabling series connection between two adjacent battery cells 20.

[0107] In some specific examples, each battery cell 20 includes a second electrode layer 21, and the light conversion component 2a is disposed on the second electrode layer 21 along the second direction Y and on the side facing away from the first electrode layer 25. In two adjacent battery cells 20, the connection portion 253 of one battery cell 20 passes through the light conversion component 2a and is connected to the second electrode layer 21 of the other battery cell 20.

[0108] With this design, the adhesive layer 30 is concentrated on the side of the connection portion 253 facing the first trench 26, which reduces the amount of adhesive layer 30 used while improving the problem of warping of the first electrode layer 25 near the first trench 26.

[0109] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the viscosity value of the adhesive layer 30 is denoted as η, where η ≥ 100 mPa·s (millipascal-seconds).

[0110] The higher the viscosity value of the adhesive layer 30, the greater the adhesion to the first electrode layer 25, making the first electrode layer 25 less prone to warping during the scribing process. The viscosity value of the adhesive layer 30 can be controlled to be greater than or equal to 100 mPa·s, such as 100 mPa·s, 200 mPa·s, 300 mPa·s, 400 mPa·s, 500 mPa·s, 600 mPa·s, 700 mPa·s, etc.

[0111] This design, with its optimized viscosity value, enhances adhesion to the first electrode layer 25, reduces warping during scribing, and improves device performance and stability.

[0112] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the material of the adhesive layer 30 includes at least one of polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, polyimide precursor, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, cellulose derivative, semiconductor polymer, small molecule semiconductor, sugar, silver nanowire ink, silver nanoparticle / copper nanoparticle ink, ITO nanoparticle ink, ZnO sol, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and bio-based materials.

[0113] Among them, sugars can include monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, etc.) and disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, etc.), and polysaccharides (starch, carrageenan, pectin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, etc.). Semiconductor polymers can be, but are not limited to, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene derivatives, polyacetylene derivatives, etc., and small molecule semiconductors can be, but are not limited to, conjugated thiophene derivatives, carbazole-based small molecules, etc.

[0114] This design, with the appropriate selection of the material for the adhesive layer 30, helps to increase the adhesion to the first electrode layer 25, thereby reducing warping caused by scribing and improving the performance and stability of the device.

[0115] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 Each light conversion component 2a includes a first transmission layer 22, a light absorption layer 23 and a second transmission layer 24 stacked along the second direction Y. A first electrode layer 25 is disposed on the side of the second transmission layer 24 facing away from the light absorption layer 23. An adhesive layer 30 is at least partially bonded between the first electrode layer 25 and the second transmission layer 24.

[0116] The light-absorbing layer 23 is a component that converts light energy into electrical energy. Taking a perovskite solar cell module as an example, the light-absorbing layer 23 is a perovskite layer, and the chemical formula of the perovskite layer satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6; where A represents a monovalent inorganic cation, organic cation, or mixed organic-inorganic cation; B represents a divalent inorganic cation, organic cation, or mixed organic-inorganic cation; C represents a monovalent inorganic cation, organic cation, or mixed organic-inorganic cation; D represents a trivalent inorganic cation, organic cation, or mixed organic-inorganic cation; and X represents a monovalent inorganic anion, organic anion, or mixed organic-inorganic anion. Optionally, A includes Li, a monovalent inorganic cation. + Na + K + 、Rb + and Cs + One or more of the following: A represents an organic cation, optionally including at least one of methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, pentamino, hexamino, formamidinyl, and imidazolyl; more preferably, A includes one or more of organic amine ions and Cs+. B represents a divalent cation, optionally including a divalent cation of one or more of the following elements: lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and europium. C represents a monovalent inorganic cation, optionally including Cs+. + Ag + K + and Ru + One or more of the following. D represents a trivalent metal cation; optionally, D includes Bi. 3+Ni 3+ Fe 3+ Sb 3+ In 3+ , and Cu 3+ One or more of them, more preferably, D includes In 3+ Bi 3+ Sb 3+ One or more of the following. X represents a halide ion, and optionally, X includes F. - Cl - ,Br - and I - One or more of them, more preferably, X includes Cl - ,Br - and I - One or more of them.

[0117] The first transport layer 22 and the second transport layer 24 serve to transport electrons or holes, respectively. The first transport layer 22 can be an electron charge transport layer and the second transport layer 24 can be a hole charge transport layer, in which case the solar cell module is nip-type (formal structure); or, the first transport layer 22 can be a hole charge transport layer and the second transport layer 24 can be an electron charge transport layer, in which case the solar cell module is pin-type (inverted structure). In addition to transporting electrons, the electron charge transport layer also acts as a barrier against holes. There are various material options available, including but not limited to one or more of the following materials and their derivatives: imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine (OMeTPA-FA), calcium titanate (CaTiO3), lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), metal oxides (which can be referred to as second metal oxides), silicon oxide (SiO2), strontium titanate (SrTiO3), calcium titanate, lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride, cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), etc. The metal element in the second metal oxide can include one or more of Mg, Ni, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, Mo, W, Sb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga, and Cr.

[0118] In addition to transporting holes, the hole charge transport layer can also block electrons. Its materials may include, but are not limited to, 2,2',7,7'-tetra(N,N-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9'-spirodifluorene, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidinium, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly3-hexylthiophene, triphenylamine with a triphenylene core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine, N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spirodifluorene, polythiophene, phosphate monomers, carbazole monomers, sulfonic acid monomers, triphenylamine monomers, aromatic monomers, metal oxides (which may be referred to as first metal oxides), cuprous iodide, and cuprous thiocyanate, wherein the metal element in the first metal oxide may include one or more of Ni, Mo, and Cu.

[0119] This design facilitates the formation of a structurally stable solar cell module.

[0120] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the solar cell module further includes a substrate 10, and each cell 20 further includes a second electrode layer 21. The second electrode layer 21 is disposed on the substrate 10, and the light conversion component 2a is disposed on the surface of the second electrode layer 21 facing away from the substrate 10.

[0121] The substrate 10, also known as the base plate or substrate, can be a transparent structure, such as, but not limited to, glass, tempered glass, quartz, organic flexible materials, etc.; of course, it can also be transparent conductive glass, stainless steel conductive flexible substrate, polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) conductive flexible substrate, etc.

[0122] The electrode material of the second electrode layer 21 includes one or more of organic conductive materials, inorganic conductive materials, or organic-inorganic mixed conductive materials. Optionally, it includes one or more of transparent conductive metal oxides, carbon, metals and their alloys. More preferably, it includes at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), lanthanide-doped indium oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), antimony-doped tin oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc gallium oxide (GZO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W and their alloys, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. Optionally, it includes at least one of Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, or IZO. Further, it includes at least one of Cu, Ag, and Au.

[0123] This design facilitates the formation of a stable solar cell module structure.

[0124] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5 This application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, the method comprising the following steps:

[0125] S100. Draw lines at intervals along the first direction X on the second electrode layer 21 to form several intervals of third trenches 211.

[0126] S200, A light conversion component 2a is formed on the second electrode layer 21 that is continuous along the first direction X.

[0127] S300, Draw lines on one side of each third trench 211 on the light conversion component 2a to form a first trench 26.

[0128] S400, Draw lines at intervals on the light conversion component 2a to form a fourth trench 28 located between the third trench 211 and the first trench 26.

[0129] S500, an adhesive layer 30 is provided on at least one side of the light conversion component 2a located in the first trench 26 along the first direction X, wherein the adhesive layer 30 extends to or into the opening of the first trench 26, and / or a portion of the adhesive layer 30 is also provided on the trench wall of the first trench 26 along the first direction X.

[0130] S600, A first electrode layer 25 is formed on the light conversion component 2a, and lines are scribed on the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 to form a second trench 27.

[0131] In step S100, lines are scribed at intervals along the first direction X on the second electrode layer 21. This serves to separate the continuous second electrode layer 21 into second electrode layers 21 spaced at intervals along the first direction X, providing a basis for the subsequent formation of individual battery cells 20 connected in series. Specifically, in some examples, before step S100, the process may further include depositing the second electrode layer 21 on the substrate 10. The deposition method can be varied, including, but is not limited to, evaporation and sputtering.

[0132] During step S200, a portion of the light conversion component 2a is attached to the surface of the light conversion component 2a facing away from the second motor layer, and another portion is formed in the third trench 211. The light conversion component 2a refers to a component that converts light energy into electrical energy, and it may include a first transmission layer 22, a light-absorbing layer 23, and a second transmission layer 24 stacked along the second direction Y. A first electrode layer 25 is disposed on the side of the second transmission layer 24 facing away from the light-absorbing layer 23.

[0133] In step S500, after the first groove 26 is formed, an adhesive layer 30 can be provided at the groove opening of the first groove 26 or on the groove wall of the first groove 26 so that the first electrode layer 25 formed in step S600 can be tightly bonded to the groove opening or groove wall of the first groove 26, thereby reducing the probability of warping when scribing the second groove 27.

[0134] In step S400, the fourth trench 28 is located between the third trench 211 and the first trench 26. Its purpose is to connect the first electrode layer 25 of one battery cell 20 to the second electrode layer 21 of the other battery cell 20 in series. It should be noted that the execution order between steps S400 and S500 is not limited; step S400 can be executed first, followed by step S500; or step S500 can be executed first, followed by step S400.

[0135] For ease of understanding, the first trench 26 corresponds to the trench obtained by the traditional P3 scribing operation; the third trench 211 corresponds to the trench obtained by the traditional P1 scribing operation; and the fourth trench 28 corresponds to the trench obtained by the traditional P2 scribing operation. Furthermore, the widths of the first trench 26, the second trench 27, the third trench 211, and the fourth trench 28, as well as the spacing between them, can be determined according to the actual device dimensions. For example, the width of the third trench 211 can be 20μm to 30μm; the widths of the first trench 26 and the fourth trench 28 can both be 20μm to 40μm, and the spacing between the fourth trench 28 and the third trench 211 can be 100μm to 150μm, as can the spacing between the first trench 26 and the fourth trench 28.

[0136] Furthermore, the methods for preparing solar cell modules provided in this embodiment can all be used to prepare solar cell modules in any of the above embodiments.

[0137] This design effectively reduces the probability of the first electrode layer 25 warping during the scribe line, thereby reducing the likelihood of short circuits occurring in the warped portion during lamination, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0138] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 6 S400, prior to the step of scribe lines at intervals on the light conversion component 2a to form a fourth trench 28 located between the third trench 211 and the first trench 26, the method further includes:

[0139] S700, an isolation structure is formed between the surface of the light conversion component 2a and the first trench 26, so that the trench wall of the first trench 26 forms a first isolation layer 40 and the surface of the light conversion component 2a forms a second isolation layer 41.

[0140] The first insulating layer 40 is formed on the wall of the first trench 26, indicating that it can insulate the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 from the optical conversion component 2a. During the scribing process, the first electrode layer 25 may warp. Part of this warping may be upward, which could lead to overlap in the first trench 26 during subsequent lamination; another part may be downward, directly overlapping the wall of the optical conversion component 2a facing the first trench 26, creating a new short circuit point. Therefore, by providing the first insulating layer 40 on the wall of the first trench 26, the possibility of short circuit between the first electrode layer 25 and the optical conversion component 2a can be reduced.

[0141] The second isolation layer 41 is insulatingly placed between the surface of the light conversion component 2a along the second direction Y and the first electrode layer 25, thereby achieving insulation protection between the first electrode layer 25 and the light conversion component 2a in the second direction Y. The second isolation layer 41 and the first isolation layer 40 may be made of the same material or different materials.

[0142] Additionally, it should be noted that setting step S700 before step S400 can reduce the deposition of isolation structures in the fourth trench 28.

[0143] This design can insulate the first electrode layer 25 in the first trench 26 from the light conversion component 2a, reducing the possibility of short circuit between the first electrode layer 25 and the light conversion component 2a.

[0144] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides a photovoltaic device, which includes a solar cell module as described above.

[0145] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides an electrical device that includes a solar cell module as described above.

[0146] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides a power generation device, which includes a solar cell module as described above.

[0147] A photovoltaic (PV) power generation system is a system that directly converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect. It is divided into stand-alone PV systems and grid-connected PV systems. A stand-alone PV system consists of a solar photovoltaic array composed of photovoltaic modules, a battery bank, a charging controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), and loads. A grid-connected PV system consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a system monitoring section.

[0148] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer and more concise, the following specific embodiments are used for illustration, but this application is by no means limited to these embodiments. The embodiments described below are merely preferred embodiments of this application and can be used to describe this application, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

[0149] To better illustrate this application, an inverse perovskite solar cell module will be used as an example. The following embodiments will further explain the content of this application. Specific embodiments are as follows.

[0150] Comparative Example 1

[0151] The cleaning process involves cleaning commercially purchased high-transparency FTO-containing glass twice with acetone and isopropanol, immersing it in deionized water for ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, drying it in a forced-air drying oven, and then cooling it at room temperature for 5 minutes to obtain clean FTO conductive glass.

[0152] P1 is marked.

[0153] P1 lines are etched on FTO conductive glass using laser cutting. The width of the P1 lines is 20 μm and the spacing between the P1 lines is 3000 μm.

[0154] Preparation of hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electron transport layer

[0155] A 20 nm thick nickel oxide hole transport layer was prepared by magnetron sputtering; subsequently, a 1.2 M Cs oxide layer was deposited. 0.05 FA 0.95 PbI3 perovskite precursor solution (DMF:NMP = 6:1 (v:v) as solvent) was used for slit coating. After scribing, the mixture was subjected to negative pressure treatment for 50 seconds to evaporate some of the solvent, followed by annealing at 150°C for 10 minutes to obtain a Cs layer with a thickness of 500 nm. 0.05 FA 0.95 PbI3 perovskite layer; finally, in a vacuum cavity (<1×10 -4 Pa) deposited a 20 nm thick C60 electron transport layer by thermal evaporation at a rate of 0.1 A / s.

[0156] P2 (marked)

[0157] The P2 line is scribing by laser cutting. The width of the P2 line is 45μm, and the distance between the P2 line and the P1 line is 3000μm.

[0158] Preparation of the first electrode layer 25

[0159] The residual electron transport layer was wiped off with a cleaning solution, and then placed in a evaporation mask. Copper with a thickness of 100 nm was deposited in a vacuum evaporation device at a deposition rate of 0.1 A / s.

[0160] P3 line

[0161] After evaporation, P3 scribing is performed to obtain several series-connected sub-cells to obtain a complete perovskite solar cell module. The width of P3 scribing is 35 μm, and the spacing between P3 scribing and P2 scribing is 3000 μm.

[0162] Packaging operation

[0163] Yellow high-temperature insulating tape is applied to the top of the first electrode layer 25. Next, a film is placed on top of the first electrode layer 25, with one end of each copper strip extending through the film. The film is made of TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin). Butyl rubber gaskets are placed at the holes in the film. Tempered glass is then placed over the film surface as a cover plate, with the copper strips extending through the lead holes on the cover plate. The cover plate and photovoltaic layer are neatly fitted together. After the cover plate is applied, the formed structure is placed in a laminator for lamination to obtain the encapsulated perovskite solar cell module.

[0164] Example 1

[0165] The process is essentially the same as Comparative Example 1, except that the P3 scribing occurs before the P2 scribing, and a P3.5 scribing operation is introduced. Specifically, after the hole transport layer, perovskite layer, and electron transport layer are prepared, the P3 scribing is performed; then, the P2 scribing operation is performed on the electron transport layer; next, polyethyleneimine (PEI) is deposited on the inner wall of the P3 scribing and at the groove of the P3 scribing using inkjet printing; then, the first electrode layer 25 is prepared; finally, the first electrode layer 25 located within the P3 scribing is scribed using P3.5.

[0166] Example 2

[0167] The process is essentially the same as Comparative Example 1, except that the P3 scribing occurs before the P2 scribing, and a P3.5 scribing operation is introduced. Specifically, after the hole transport layer, perovskite layer, and electron transport layer are prepared, the P3 scribing is performed. After the P3 scribing, a high-resistivity interface layer of ALD SnO2 is deposited on the electron transport layer, forming a second isolation layer 41 on the surface of the electron transport layer and a first isolation layer 40 on the inner wall of the P3 scribing. Next, the P2 scribing operation is performed on the high-resistivity interface layer. Then, polyethyleneimine (PEI) is deposited on the inner wall of the P3 scribing and at the groove of the P3 scribing. Then, the first electrode layer 25 is prepared. Finally, the first electrode layer 25 located within the P3 scribing is scribed using the P3.5 scribing operation.

[0168] The perovskite solar cell modules prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were tested to obtain data on Jsc, Voc, and FF, where Jsc is the short-circuit current density, Voc is the open-circuit voltage, and FF is the fill factor. Please refer to Table 1.

[0169] Test methods

[0170] Photoelectric conversion efficiency test method

[0171] Under standard simulated sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW / cm²) 2 Under irradiation, battery performance is tested to obtain the IV curve. Based on the IV curve and data from the testing equipment, the short-circuit current Jsc (unit: mA / cm²) can be calculated. 2 The open-circuit voltage Voc (in V), maximum light output current Jmpp (in mA), and maximum light output voltage Vmpp (in V) are given. The fill factor FF of the battery is calculated using the formula FF = (Jmpp × Vmpp) / (Jsc × Voc), in percentages. The photoelectric conversion efficiency PCE of the battery is calculated using the formula PCE = Jsc × Voc × FF / Pw, in percentages; Pw represents the input power, in mW.

[0172] Table 1

[0173]

[0174] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shows that the introduction of the viscous material PEI at P3 reduces the number of short-circuit points, thereby reducing the leakage current of the module and increasing the fill factor FF, ultimately resulting in a significant improvement in efficiency. Meanwhile, a comparison of Example 1 and Example 2 shows that, in addition to the viscous material PEI, Example 2 also introduces a high-resistivity interface layer of ALD SnO2, which better restricts the curling effect of the first electrode layer 25, resulting in relatively fewer electrical short-circuit points. The final battery has higher FF and PCE than the battery in Example 1.

[0175] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figures 1 to 6This application provides a solar cell module and its fabrication method. The solar cell module includes a substrate 10, an adhesive layer 30, a first insulating layer 40, a second insulating layer 41, and multiple cell units 20. Each cell unit 20 includes a second electrode layer 21, a first transport layer 22, a light-absorbing layer 23, a second transport layer 24, and a first electrode layer 25 stacked along a second direction Y. A first trench 26 is formed between the light-absorbing layers 23 of adjacent cell units 20. A second adhesive portion 32 of the first insulating layer 40 and the adhesive layer 30 is disposed on the surface of each light-absorbing layer 23 facing the first trench 26. A second adhesive portion 31 of the second insulating layer 41 and the adhesive layer 30 is disposed between the second transport layer 24 and the first electrode layer 25. The first electrode layer 25 is bonded to the first adhesive portion 31 and the second adhesive portion 32.

[0176] Meanwhile, in the method for preparing a solar cell module, the first trench 26 (e.g., P3 trench) is first scribed; then the first isolation layer 40 and the second isolation layer 41 are deposited; next, the fourth trench 28 (e.g., P2 trench) is scribed; then, the adhesive layer 30 is deposited on the two walls and near the opening of the first trench 26 to increase the adhesion of the first electrode layer 25; furthermore, the first electrode layer 25 is deposited, and the first electrode layer 25 located in the first trench 26 is cut (e.g., P3.5 scribing operation is performed).

[0177] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0178] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that, The solar cell module includes: A plurality of battery cells (20) are electrically connected in sequence along a first direction (X). Each battery cell (20) includes a light conversion component (2a) and a first electrode layer (25) stacked along a second direction (Y). A first trench (26) is formed between the light conversion components (2a) in two adjacent battery cells (20). The first direction (X) and the second direction (Y) intersect. The solar cell module further includes an adhesive layer (30) disposed on at least one of two adjacent cell cells (20) and bonded at least along the second direction (Y) to the surface of the first electrode layer (25) facing the light conversion component (2a); wherein the adhesive layer (30) extends to or into the opening of the first trench (26), and / or a portion of the adhesive layer (30) is also bonded to a portion of the structure of the first electrode layer (25) located in the same cell cell (20) and within the first trench (26); At least a portion of the adhesive layer (30) includes a second adhesive portion (32), the first electrode layer (25) includes a main body portion (251) disposed on one side of the light conversion component (2a) along the second direction (Y), and at least a portion of the first electrode layer (25) includes a residual portion (252) connected to the main body portion (251), the residual portion (252) being located in the first trench (26) and extending along the second direction (Y), the second adhesive portion (32) being bonded to the surface of the residual portion (252) facing the light conversion component (2a); the solar cell assembly further includes a first insulating layer (40), the first insulating layer (40) being located in the first trench (26) and insulatingly separated between the second adhesive portion (32) and the trench wall of the light conversion component (2a) facing the first trench (26).

2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive layer (30) includes a first adhesive portion (31) which is bonded to the surface of the main body portion (251) facing the light conversion component (2a) and extends to one end of the main body portion (251) near the first groove (26).

3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least a portion of the adhesive layer (30) further includes a third adhesive portion (33) which is bonded to the end face of the remaining portion (252) along the first direction (X) and away from the main body portion (251).

4. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the first electrode layers (25) includes the remaining portion (252), and the remaining portions (252) in two adjacent battery cells (20) extend into the same first trench (26), and the two remaining portions (252) are spaced apart along the first direction (X) to form a second trench (27).

5. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell module further includes a second isolation layer (41), which is disposed along the second direction (Y) between the light conversion component (2a) and the first electrode layer (25) and is connected to the first isolation layer (40).

6. The solar cell module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material of the first isolation layer (40) is the same as the material of the second isolation layer (41); or, The insulation performance of the first isolation layer (40) is higher than that of the second isolation layer (41).

7. The solar cell module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sheet resistance value of the first isolation layer (40) and / or the second isolation layer (41) is denoted as R, where 10 6 Ω / □≤R≤10 10 Ω / □.

8. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the first isolation layer (40) includes at least one of epoxy resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, polycarbonate polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, phenolic plastic, silicon boron, metal oxide, and inorganic solids with ionic structure.

9. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell module further includes a third isolation layer (42), which is located in the first trench (26) and is insulated between the bottom of the first trench (26) and the end face of the remaining portion (252) along the second direction (Y).

10. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The first electrode layer (25) includes a connecting portion (253) that extends through the light conversion component (2a) along the second direction (Y) to connect two adjacent battery cells (20) in series. The adhesive layer (30) is located on the side of the connecting portion (253) along the first direction (X) and facing the corresponding first trench (26).

11. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The viscosity value of the adhesive layer (30) is denoted as η, where η ≥ 100 mPa·s.

12. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The adhesive layer (30) is made of at least one of the following materials: polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, polyimide precursor, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, cellulose derivative, semiconductor polymer, small molecule semiconductor, sugar, silver nanowire ink, silver nanoparticle / copper nanoparticle ink, ITO nanoparticle ink, ZnO sol, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and bio-based materials.

13. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned light conversion components (2a) includes a first transmission layer (22), a light-absorbing layer (23), and a second transmission layer (24) stacked along the second direction (Y). A first electrode layer (25) is disposed on the side of the second transmission layer (24) facing away from the light-absorbing layer (23). The adhesive layer (30) is at least partially bonded between the first electrode layer (25) and the second transmission layer (24); and / or, The solar cell module further includes a substrate (10), and each of the cell units (20) further includes a second electrode layer (21). The second electrode layer (21) is disposed on the substrate (10), and the light conversion component (2a) is disposed on the surface of the second electrode layer (21) facing away from the substrate (10).

14. A method for preparing a solar cell module, used to prepare the solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: A number of spaced third trenches (211) are formed by scribing lines at intervals along the first direction (X) on the second electrode layer (21); A light conversion component (2a) is formed on the second electrode layer (21) that is continuous along the first direction (X); A first trench (26) is formed by scribing lines on one side of each of the third trenches (211) on the light conversion component (2a); Drill lines at intervals on the light conversion component (2a) to form a fourth trench (28) located between the third trench (211) and the first trench (26); An adhesive layer (30) is provided on at least one side of the first trench (26) along the first direction (X) of the light conversion component (2a), wherein the adhesive layer (30) extends to or into the opening of the first trench (26), and / or a portion of the adhesive layer (30) is also provided on the wall of the first trench (26) along the first direction (X); A first electrode layer (25) is formed on the light conversion component (2a), and the first electrode layer (25) located in the first trench (26) is scribed to form a second trench (27).

15. The method for preparing a solar cell module according to claim 14, characterized in that, Prior to the step of scribe lines at intervals on the light conversion component (2a) to form a fourth trench (28) located between the third trench (211) and the first trench (26), the method further includes: An isolation structure is formed between the surface of the light conversion component (2a) and the first trench (26) so that the trench wall of the first trench (26) forms a first isolation layer (40) and the surface of the light conversion component (2a) forms a second isolation layer (41).

16. A photovoltaic device, characterized in that, The photovoltaic device includes the solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-13.

17. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical equipment includes the solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-13.

18. A power generation device, characterized in that, The power generation device includes a solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-13.

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