Data transmission method and device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a data transmission method and device and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: determining one or more first values and one or more second values; wherein the first value is used for indicating a length value of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used for indicating a scaling factor of the first value; calculating a BLF based on one of the one or more first values and one of the one or more second values; and sending the first data to the first device based on the BLF. According to the invention, even if the Ambient IoT device is not provided with a local oscillator, the Ambient IoT device can realize a certain offset in the frequency domain, thereby finally achieving the purpose of frequency division multiplexing of a plurality of Ambient IoT devices, enhancing the coexistence performance among a plurality of devices, improving the data transmission performance of the Internet of Things, especially a passive Internet of Things, and achieving high availability.

Description

Data transmission method and device, and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of data transmission, and in particular to a data transmission method and device, and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] At present, the application of Internet of Things is becoming more and more extensive, especially in the Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT). Ambient IoT devices can obtain energy from the outside world and charge themselves, which has better application prospects.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve the data transmission performance of the Internet of Things, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission method and device, and a storage medium.

[0005] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a data transmission method is provided. The method is performed by a passive Ambient IoT device, and the method includes:

[0006] Determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0007] Calculating a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values;

[0008] First data is sent to the first device based on the BLF.

[0009] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a data transmission method is provided. The method is performed by a first device, and the method includes:

[0010] Sending one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to an Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0011] Based on a reverse link frequency (BLF), first data sent by an Ambient IoT device is received; wherein the BLF is determined based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0012] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a data transmission method is provided, which is applied to a data transmission system, wherein the data transmission system includes a passive Ambient IoT device and a first device. The method includes:

[0013] The first device sends one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to the Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0014] The Ambient IoT device determines one or more first values, and one or more second values;

[0015] The ambient IoT device calculates a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0016] The Ambient IoT device sends the first data to the first device based on the BLF;

[0017] The first device receives first data sent by the Ambient IoT device based on the BLF.

[0018] According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a passive Ambient IoT device is provided, including:

[0019] A processing module is configured to determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​sent by the first device, wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0020] The processing module is further configured to calculate a reverse link frequency BLF based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values;

[0021] The transceiver module is configured to send first data to the first device based on the BLF.

[0022] According to a fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a first device, including:

[0023] A transceiver module is configured to send one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to an Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0024] The transceiver module is further configured to receive first data sent by the Ambient IoT device based on a reverse link frequency BLF, wherein the BLF is determined based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0025] According to a sixth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a passive Ambient IoT device is provided, including:

[0026] one or more processors;

[0027] The processor is used to execute any one of the data transmission methods of the first aspect.

[0028] According to a seventh aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device is provided, including:

[0029] one or more processors;

[0030] The processor is used to execute any one of the data transmission methods of the second aspect.

[0031] According to an eighth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a data transmission system is provided, including an Ambient IoT device and a first device, wherein the data transmission system is configured to implement the data transmission method of the third aspect.

[0032] According to a ninth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided, which stores instructions. When the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device executes the data transmission method as described in any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0033] According to a tenth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the data transmission method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0034] In the disclosed embodiments, an Ambient IoT device can determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values, thereby calculating a BLF based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values, and sending first data to the first device based on the BLF. Even if the Ambient IoT device lacks a local oscillator, it can achieve a certain offset in the frequency domain, ultimately achieving frequency division multiplexing of multiple Ambient IoT devices. This enhances the coexistence performance between multiple devices, improves the data transmission performance of the IoT, especially the passive IoT, and provides high availability.

[0035] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0037] FIG1A is an exemplary schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG1B is an exemplary schematic diagram of an inventory process provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG1C is an exemplary schematic diagram of different device states provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG1D is an exemplary schematic diagram of CW and backscattered spectra provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG2 is an exemplary interaction diagram of a data transmission method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG3A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary interaction of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG3B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary interaction of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG4A is an exemplary schematic diagram of a preamble provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG4B is an exemplary schematic diagram of Miller coding provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG4C is a schematic diagram of an exemplary scenario in which the data transmission rate of each channel is equal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG5A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary interaction of an Ambient IoT device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG5B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary interaction of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG6A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary interaction of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG6B is an exemplary interaction diagram of a chip provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, like numbers in different figures represent like or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present invention, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0052] The terms used in this disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of at least one of the associated listed items.

[0053] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission method and device, and a storage medium.

[0054] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a data transmission method, which is performed by a passive Ambient IoT device and includes:

[0055] Determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0056] Calculating a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values;

[0057] First data is sent to the first device based on the BLF.

[0058] In the above embodiment, even if the Ambient IoT device does not have a local oscillator, the Ambient IoT device can achieve a certain offset in the frequency domain, ultimately achieving the purpose of frequency division multiplexing of multiple Ambient IoT devices, enhancing the coexistence performance between multiple devices, improving the data transmission performance of the Internet of Things, especially the passive Internet of Things, and high availability.

[0059] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​includes at least one of the following:

[0060] receiving a preamble sent by a first device, where the preamble includes one or more first values;

[0061] receiving a preamble sent by the first device, where the preamble includes the one or more second values;

[0062] receiving first signaling sent by a first device, where the first signaling includes one or more second values;

[0063] receiving first signaling sent by a first device, where the first signaling includes the one or more first values;

[0064] Determining one or more first values ​​based on protocol pre-definition or based on pre-configuration;

[0065] One or more second values ​​are determined based on protocol pre-definition or based on pre-configuration.

[0066] In the above embodiment, the Ambient IoT device can receive the preamble and / or the first signaling sent by the first device, thereby obtaining one or more first values ​​and one or more second values, which is simple to implement and has high availability.

[0067] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, calculating the reverse link frequency BLF based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values ​​includes:

[0068] randomly selecting one of the one or more first values;

[0069] Calculating a BLF based on a randomly selected first value and a second value; or

[0070] randomly selecting one of the one or more second values;

[0071] A BLF is calculated based on a first value and a randomly selected second value.

[0072] In the above embodiment, the Ambient IoT device can calculate the BLF in the above manner. If the Ambient IoT device does not have a local oscillator, the Ambient IoT device can achieve a certain offset in the frequency domain, ultimately achieving the purpose of frequency division multiplexing of multiple Ambient IoT devices.

[0073] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, calculating the reverse link frequency BLF based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values ​​includes:

[0074] Determine a first value corresponding to the Ambient IoT device from the one or more first values;

[0075] Calculating the BLF based on a determined first value and a second value having a binding relationship with the first value; or

[0076] Determine a second value corresponding to the Ambient IoT device from the one or more second values;

[0077] Calculate the BLF based on the determined second value and a first value that has a binding relationship with the second value

[0078] In the above embodiment, the above manner may be used to determine the first value and the second value based on the binding relationship, thereby calculating the BLF, which is simple to implement and has high usability.

[0079] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate a binding relationship between the first value and the second value.

[0080] In the above embodiment, the first signaling may indicate a binding relationship between the first value and the second value. The Ambient IoT device may subsequently determine the first value and the second value that have the binding relationship based on the binding relationship. If the Ambient IoT device does not have a local oscillator, the Ambient IoT device can be offset in the frequency domain to achieve frequency division multiplexing of multiple Ambient IoT devices.

[0081] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate the start of inventory.

[0082] In the above embodiment, the first signaling may be used to indicate the start of inventory counting, and the Ambient IoT device may report the first data based on the first signaling, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission in the Ambient IoT scenario.

[0083] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the length of the first data is less than or equal to the third value, and the first data includes any one of the following:

[0084] Random numbers generated by Ambient IoT devices;

[0085] Device identifier of the Ambient IoT device.

[0086] In the above embodiment, the length of the first data may be less than or equal to the third value. Exemplarily, the first data may be a random number generated by the Ambient IoT device and / or a device identifier of the Ambient IoT device. The shorter first data is transmitted using frequency division multiplexing to improve the reliability of data transmission in the Ambient IoT scenario.

[0087] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, when different Ambient IoT devices use the same data rate in different transmission channels, the encoding bit rate of the Ambient IoT device is associated with the BLF.

[0088] In the above embodiment, when the coding rate is associated with the BLF, the data rates used by different Ambient IoT devices in different transmission channels can be equal, thereby improving the flexibility of data transmission in the Ambient IoT scenario.

[0089] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0090] Determine a first transmission channel for transmitting the first data based on a first parameter, wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0091] The length of the first data;

[0092] The priority of the first data;

[0093] The data type of the first data.

[0094] In the above embodiment, the Ambient IoT device can determine the first transmission channel for transmitting the first data based on the first parameter, and transmit the first data through different transmission channels according to the first parameter to avoid data transmission interference, ensure the reliability of high-priority data transmission, and improve the accuracy of longer data transmission.

[0095] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate a correspondence between a data type of the first data and a channel type of the first transmission channel.

[0096] In the above embodiment, the Ambient IoT device can be informed of the correspondence between the data type of the first data and the channel type of the first transmission channel through the first signaling. This allows the Ambient IoT device to determine the corresponding first transmission channel based on the data type of the first data, thereby increasing the flexibility of data transmission scheduling in the Ambient IoT scenario.

[0097] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a data transmission method, which is performed by a first device and includes:

[0098] Sending one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to an Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0099] Based on a reverse link frequency (BLF), first data sent by an Ambient IoT device is received; wherein the BLF is determined based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0100] In the above embodiment, when the Ambient IoT device does not have a local oscillator, the Ambient IoT device is allowed to achieve a certain offset in the frequency domain, ultimately achieving the purpose of frequency division multiplexing of multiple Ambient IoT devices, enhancing the coexistence performance between multiple devices, improving the data transmission performance of the Internet of Things, especially the passive Internet of Things, and high availability.

[0101] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, sending one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to an Ambient IoT device includes at least one of the following:

[0102] Sending a preamble to the Ambient IoT device, where the preamble includes one or more first values;

[0103] Sending a preamble to the Ambient IoT device, where the preamble includes one or more second values;

[0104] Sending a first signaling to the Ambient IoT device, where the first signaling includes one or more second values;

[0105] A first signaling is sent to the Ambient IoT device, where the first signaling includes one or more first values.

[0106] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate a binding relationship between the first value and the second value.

[0107] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate the start of inventory.

[0108] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, a guard band is set between the first transmission bandwidths of different Ambient IoT devices.

[0109] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the length of the first data is less than or equal to the third value, and the first data includes any one of the following:

[0110] Random numbers generated by Ambient IoT devices;

[0111] Device identifier of the Ambient IoT device.

[0112] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, when the data rates used by different Ambient IoT devices in different transmission channels are equal, the encoding bit rates used by different Ambient IoT devices are associated with the BLF of the Ambient IoT devices.

[0113] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0114] Determine, based on a first parameter, a first transmission channel for different Ambient IoT devices to transmit the first data; wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0115] The length of the first data;

[0116] The priority of the first data;

[0117] The data type of the first data.

[0118] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate the correspondence between the data type of the first data and the channel type of the first transmission channel.

[0119] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a data transmission system, wherein the data transmission system includes a passive Ambient IoT device and a first device. The method includes:

[0120] The first device sends one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to the Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0121] The Ambient IoT device determines one or more first values, and one or more second values;

[0122] The ambient IoT device calculates a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0123] The Ambient IoT device sends the first data to the first device based on the BLF;

[0124] The first device receives first data sent by the Ambient IoT device based on the BLF.

[0125] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a passive Ambient IoT device, including:

[0126] A processing module is configured to determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values, wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0127] The processing module is further configured to calculate a reverse link frequency BLF based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values;

[0128] The transceiver module is configured to send first data to the first device based on the BLF.

[0129] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a first device, including:

[0130] A transceiver module is configured to send one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to an Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value;

[0131] The transceiver module is further configured to receive first data sent by the Ambient IoT device based on a reverse link frequency BLF, wherein the BLF is determined based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0132] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a passive Ambient IoT device, including:

[0133] one or more processors;

[0134] The processor is used to execute any one of the data transmission methods of the first aspect.

[0135] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a first device, including:

[0136] one or more processors;

[0137] The processor is used to execute any one of the data transmission methods of the second aspect.

[0138] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a data transmission system, including an Ambient IoT device and a first device, and the data transmission system is configured to implement the data transmission method of the third aspect.

[0139] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a storage medium storing instructions. When the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device executes a data transmission method as described in any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0140] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the data transmission method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0141] It is understandable that the aforementioned Ambient IoT device, first device, communication system, storage medium, and computer program are all used to execute the methods proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can be referred to the beneficial effects of the corresponding methods and will not be repeated here.

[0142] The present disclosure provides a data transmission method, device, and storage medium. In some embodiments, the terms data transmission method, information processing method, and communication method are interchangeable; the terms data transmission device, information processing device, and communication device are interchangeable; and the terms information processing system, communication system, and so on are interchangeable.

[0143] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not exhaustive and are merely illustrative of some embodiments, and are not intended to be a specific limitation on the scope of protection of the present disclosure. In the absence of contradiction, each step in a certain embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a certain embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily exchanged. In addition, the optional implementation methods in a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; in addition, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. For example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments.

[0144] In each embodiment of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified or provided for by logic, the terms and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form a new embodiment based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0145] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0146] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, elements expressed in the singular, such as "a", "an", "the", "above", "said", "the", "the", etc., may mean "one and only one", or "one or more", "at least one", etc. For example, when using articles such as "a", "an", "the" in English in translation, the noun following the article may be understood as a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0147] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, “plurality” refers to two or more.

[0148] In some embodiments, the terms "at least one," "one or more," "a plurality of," "multiple," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0149] In some embodiments, descriptions such as "at least one of A and B," "A and / or B," "A in one case, B in another case," or "in response to one case A, in response to another case B" may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (A is executed independently of B); in some embodiments, B (B is executed independently of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); and in some embodiments, A and B (both A and B are executed). The above is also applicable when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0150] In some embodiments, "A or B" and other descriptions may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (A is executed independently of B); in some embodiments, B (B is executed independently of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The above is also applicable when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0151] The prefixes such as "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only used to distinguish different description objects and do not constitute any restriction on the position, order, priority, quantity or content of the description objects. For the statement of the description object, please refer to the description in the context of the claims or embodiments, and no unnecessary restriction should be constituted due to the use of prefixes. For example, if the description object is a "field", the ordinal number before the "field" in the "first field" and the "second field" does not limit the position or order between the "fields". "First" and "second" do not limit whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they limit the order of the "first field" and the "second field". For another example, if the description object is a "level", the ordinal number before the "level" in the "first level" and the "second level" does not limit the priority between the "levels". For another example, the number of description objects is not limited by the ordinal number and can be one or more. Taking "first device" as an example, the number of "devices" can be one or more. In addition, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the description object is "device", then the "first device" and the "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different; for another example, if the description object is "information", then the "first information" and the "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their contents can be the same or different.

[0152] In some embodiments, “including A,” “comprising A,” “used to indicate A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0153] In some embodiments, devices and equipment can be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to the names recorded in the embodiments. In some cases, they can also be understood as "equipment", "device", "circuit", "network element", "node", "function", "unit", "section", "system", "network", "entity", "subject", etc.

[0154] In some embodiments, obtaining data, information, etc. may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the data is obtained.

[0155] In some embodiments, data, information, etc. may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0156] In addition, each element, each row, or each column in the table of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the combination of any elements, any rows, and any columns can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0157] FIG1A is a schematic diagram showing the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0158] As shown in FIG. 1A , a communication system 100 includes an Ambient IoT device 101 and a first device 102 .

[0159] In some embodiments, Ambient IoT device 101 includes, for example, an Internet of Things (IoT) device. In an Ambient IoT scenario, Ambient IoT device 101 may include, but is not limited to, a device that sends data and / or signaling after being triggered by first device 102. It may be equipped with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and first device 102 may serve as a reader for Ambient IoT device 101 to perform operations such as inventory and data reporting.

[0160] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may be a reader of the Ambient IoT device 101 .

[0161] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may be a terminal, for example, an ordinary terminal, such as a mobile phone, a wearable device, a car with communication function, a smart car, a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, and at least one of a wireless terminal device in a smart home, but not limited thereto.

[0162] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may be a network device 102 , which may include but is not limited to an access network device and a core network device.

[0163] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned access network device is, for example, a node or device that accesses the terminal to the wireless network. The access network device may include an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation evolved NodeB (ng-eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), a node B (NB), a home node B (HNB), a home evolved nodeB (HeNB), a wireless backhaul device, a radio network controller (RNC), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a base band unit (BBU), a mobile switching center, a base station in a 6G communication system, an open base station (Open RAN), a cloud base station (Cloud RAN), a base station in other communication systems, and at least one of an access node in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited thereto.

[0164] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned access network device can be composed of a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), where the CU can also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can be used to split the protocol layer of the access network device, and the functions of some protocol layers are centrally controlled by the CU, while the functions of the remaining part or all of the protocol layers are distributed in the DU, and the DU is centrally controlled by the CU, but is not limited to this.

[0165] In some embodiments, the core network device may be a single device including one or more network elements, or may be multiple devices or a group of devices. The network element may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), or a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0166] In some embodiments, the technical solution of the present disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within the access network devices involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of the Open RAN, and the processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented through software or programs.

[0167] In some embodiments, when the network device acts as a reader, it can directly send commands, data or information to the Ambient IoT device 101.

[0168] Accordingly, the Ambient IoT device 101 may send the first information to the network device.

[0169] In some embodiments, the network device may send commands, data, or information to a common terminal, which acts as a relay node (or intermediate terminal) to forward the commands, data, or information to the Ambient IoT device 101 .

[0170] Accordingly, the first information sent by the Ambient IoT device 101 can be forwarded to the network device through the common terminal.

[0171] It can be understood that the communication system described in the embodiment of the present disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Ordinary technicians in this field can know that with the evolution of the system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solution proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure is also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0172] The following embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to the communication system 100 shown in FIG1A , or a portion thereof, but are not limited thereto. The entities shown in FIG1A are illustrative only. The communication system may include all or part of the entities shown in FIG1A , or may include other entities other than those shown in FIG1A . The number and form of the entities may be arbitrary, and the entities may be physical or virtual. The connection relationships between the entities are illustrative only. The entities may be connected or disconnected, and the connection may be in any manner, including direct or indirect, wired or wireless.

[0173] In Ambient IoT designs, support for non-activated devices is crucial. Non-activated devices lack RF transmission capabilities and instead rely on backscattering to generate transmission energy. In one example, this can support basic use cases such as device inventory and sensor data reporting. The design can reference RFID. The command set used for inventory in RFID is shown in Table 1.

[0174] Table 1

[0175] Table 1 is only an example, and all use cases referring to RFID should fall within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0176] In the Ambient IoT scenario, the corresponding inventory commands and data can be carried by channels such as the Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH) / Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH), including but not limited to access network devices. For example, in the scenario where the base station acts as a reader of the Ambient IoT device, the corresponding inventory commands and the device's reply can still be carried by PRDCH / PDRCH in the New Radio (NR), similar to the specific inventory process shown in Figure 1B.

[0177] In the Ambient IoT scenario, a device enters the arbitrate state after receiving a start or end command for this round of inventory. As shown in Figure 1C, the arbitrate state can be considered a "holding" state for the device. It sets a corresponding counter value based on the Q value in the command and decrements this value by 1 each time it receives a start or receive command within the round. When the counter value reaches 0, the device transitions to the reply state and backscatters RN16 (a 16-bit random number). If an ACK is received, the device successfully accesses the network. Otherwise, if an invalid ACK or an erroneous ACK (ACK with erroneous RN16) is received, or if no corresponding command is received before timer T2 (maximum value) expires, the device returns to the arbitrate state.

[0178] In some embodiments, the relationship between the transmitted waveform after backscattering and its excitation signal in the frequency domain is shown in FIG1D . It can be seen that the spectrum of the waveform encoded by the device will produce a frequency offset from the continuous wave (CW). The magnitude of the frequency offset is determined by the backscatter link frequency (BLF). Assuming that the center frequency of the CW is fc, a frequency offset of (f c +f BLF ) are two double-sideband spectra with the center frequency point. The frequency range of these two double-sideband spectra is: [f c +(f BLF / 2),f c +(3f BLF / 2)], and [-f c -(3f BLF / 2),fc-(f BLF / 2)].

[0179] Wherein, BLF=DR / TRcal.

[0180] Among them, TRcal is the length value of the calibration signal sent from the tag to the reader in the preamble code in the downlink Query signaling sent by the reader, and DR is the scaling factor of the corresponding BLF calculated based on TRcal.

[0181] It is understandable that in the Ambient IoT scenario, the first device can serve as a reader of the Ambient IoT device. In this case, TRcal can also be called DRcal (the length value of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device).

[0182] In Ambient IoT scenarios, especially for technologies that use base stations as readers, a larger number of devices may need to be counted, as base stations have greater coverage than RFID readers. To improve counting efficiency, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) of multiple devices can be considered. However, since low-cost Ambient IoT devices lack local oscillators (LOs), frequency offset from the CW center frequency is not possible.

[0183] In order to achieve frequency division multiplexing between Ambient IoT devices, the present disclosure provides the following data transmission method and device, and storage medium.

[0184] FIG2 is an interactive diagram of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG2 , an embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a data transmission method, and the method includes:

[0185] In step S2101 , the first device 102 sends one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to the Ambient IoT device 101 .

[0186] In some embodiments, the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal sent from the Ambient IoT device to the first device.

[0187] In some embodiments, the first value may be a modulated symbol length value.

[0188] In some embodiments, the first value may be replaced by TRcal or DRcal, which is not limited in the present disclosure.

[0189] In some embodiments, the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value.

[0190] In some embodiments, the second value can be interchangeable with DR, which is not limited in this disclosure.

[0191] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may send a preamble to the Ambient IoT device 101, wherein the preamble may include one or more first values. The present disclosure does not limit the number of the first values.

[0192] For example, as shown in FIG4A , the structure of the preamble code may include a delimiter, an RDcal (the length value of the calibration signal from the first device 102 to the Ambient IoT device 101 ), and one or more DRcals (i.e., the first value), such as DRcal#1 and DRcal#2 in FIG4A .

[0193] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may send a first signaling to the Ambient IoT device 101 , where the first signaling includes one or more second values ​​(ie, DR).

[0194] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may send a preamble to the Ambient IoT device 101 , wherein the preamble includes one or more second values.

[0195] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may send a first signaling including one or more first values ​​to the Ambient IoT device 101. This disclosure is not limited to this.

[0196] In some embodiments, the name of the first signaling is not limited and can be interchangeable with reader to device (R2D) signaling, configuration signaling, etc.

[0197] In some embodiments, when the first signaling includes multiple second values ​​and the preamble includes multiple first values, the first signaling can be used to indicate a binding relationship between the first value and the second value.

[0198] For example, DRcal#1 is bound to DR#1, DRcal#2 is bound to DR#2, and so on.

[0199] It is understood that the first signaling may not indicate the binding relationship, and the Ambient IoT device 101 may determine the binding relationship based on a predefined method. Alternatively, the Ambient IoT device 101 may randomly select one of the multiple first values ​​and one of the multiple second values. This disclosure is not limited to this.

[0200] In one example, when the first signaling indicates the aforementioned binding relationship, the first device 102 can configure an appropriate second value and / or first value to ensure that when different Ambient IoT devices 101 transmit on different transmission bandwidths, there is a guard band between the different transmission bandwidths. This reduces interference between Ambient IoT devices during frequency division multiplexing.

[0201] The guard band may be in units of physical resource blocks (PRBs), resource block groups (RBGs), etc., which is not limited in the present disclosure.

[0202] For example, the occupied bandwidth of the Ambient IoT device 101 may include the bandwidth based on BLF and f c Determine the transmission bandwidth and some guard band.

[0203] In some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate the start of inventory.

[0204] Exemplarily, the function of the first signaling may be similar to the Query signaling of RFID.

[0205] Exemplarily, the first signaling is used to indicate the start of the roulette round.

[0206] In some embodiments, the first signaling may be used to instruct a specific Ambient IoT device 101 to send the first data.

[0207] Exemplarily, at this time, the role of the first signaling is similar to that of scheduling signaling.

[0208] For example, the specific Ambient IoT device 101 may be an Ambient IoT device that has generated the same random number after inventory, or may be one or more Ambient IoT devices selected by the first device 102 based on the inventory result. This disclosure does not limit the selection method.

[0209] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 receives the first signaling.

[0210] In step S2102 , the Ambient IoT device 101 calculates a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0211] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 may determine one or more first values ​​based on the first signaling. In addition, the Ambient IoT device 101 may determine one or more second values ​​based on protocol pre-definition or pre-configuration.

[0212] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 may determine one or more second values ​​based on the first signaling. Alternatively, the Ambient IoT device 101 may determine one or more first values ​​based on protocol pre-definition or pre-configuration.

[0213] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 may determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​based on the first signaling.

[0214] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 may determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​based on protocol pre-definition or pre-configuration.

[0215] The present disclosure does not limit the manner in which the Ambient IoT device 101 determines one or more first values ​​and one or more second values.

[0216] In some embodiments, the BLF may be calculated as follows:

[0217] In mode 1, the number of first values ​​is 1 and the number of second values ​​is 1, and the Ambient IoT device 101 can calculate the BLF based on the first value and the second value. Wherein, BLF=second value / first value=DR / DRcal.

[0218] In mode 2, the number of first values ​​is multiple and the number of second values ​​is 1. The ambient IoT device 101 may randomly select one of the multiple first values ​​and calculate the BLF based on the randomly selected first value and the second value.

[0219] Wherein, BLF=second value / first value=DR / DRcal.

[0220] In method 3, if the number of first values ​​is 1 and the number of second values ​​is multiple, the ambient IoT device 101 may randomly select one of the multiple second values ​​and calculate the BLF based on the first value and the randomly selected second value.

[0221] Wherein, BLF=second value / first value=DR / DRcal.

[0222] In method 4-1, if there are multiple first values ​​and multiple second values, the Ambient IoT device 101 may first determine a first value corresponding to the Ambient IoT device 101 from the multiple first values. For example, one of the multiple first values ​​may be randomly selected, or another example may be determined based on an instruction in the first signaling or a predefined method.

[0223] Furthermore, a binding relationship is determined based on a predefined method or first signaling, and a second value having a binding relationship with the first value is determined among one or more second values. The BLF is calculated based on the determined first value and the second value.

[0224] The binding relationship may be a one-to-one binding relationship between a plurality of first values ​​and a plurality of second values, which is not limited in the present disclosure.

[0225] The predefined manner may be that the binding relationship is directly agreed upon by the protocol, or the index value of the first value may be determined based on the Ambient IoT device 101 as agreed upon by the protocol. For example, the Ambient IoT device 101 is modulo a fixed value, the remainder is determined as the index value of the first value, and a first value corresponding to the index value is selected from multiple first values.

[0226] In method 4-2, if there are multiple first values ​​and multiple second values, the Ambient IoT device 101 may first determine a second value corresponding to the Ambient IoT device 101 from the multiple second values. For example, one of the multiple second values ​​may be randomly selected, or another example may be determined based on an instruction in the first signaling or a predefined method.

[0227] Furthermore, a binding relationship is determined based on a predefined method or first signaling, and a first value having a binding relationship with a second value is determined among one or more first values. The BLF is calculated based on the determined first value and the second value.

[0228] In method 4-3, if there are multiple first values ​​and multiple second values, the Ambient IoT device 101 may first randomly select one of the multiple first values ​​and one of the multiple second values, and calculate the BLF based on the selected one first value and one second value.

[0229] Illustratively, the randomly selected first value and the randomly selected second value may not have a binding relationship.

[0230] In the above embodiment, the first signaling may be used to instruct the start of inventory counting.

[0231] In some embodiments, the first signaling may synchronously indicate the above-mentioned binding relationship, in which case the binding relationship may be a binding relationship between multiple first values ​​and one second value, or a binding relationship between one first value and multiple second values, or a one-to-one binding relationship between multiple first values ​​and multiple second values. This disclosure is not limited to this.

[0232] The Ambient IoT device 101 determines a first value and a second value based on the binding relationship, thereby calculating the BLF.

[0233] The above description is merely exemplary, and the present disclosure does not limit the manner in which the Ambient IoT device 101 determines a first value and a second value.

[0234] In step S2103 , the Ambient IoT device 101 sends first data to the first device 102 based on the BLF.

[0235] In some embodiments, the BLF is used to indicate the offset of the actual operating frequency of the Ambient IoT device 101 relative to the baseband frequency, where the baseband frequency may be 0 kilohertz (kHz).

[0236] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 can be based on the BLF and CW center frequency f c Determine the actual operating frequency of the Ambient IoT device 101. The actual operating frequency may be f c +BLF,f c -BLF. In addition, the first transmission bandwidth of the Ambient IoT device 101 can be obtained through BLF.

[0237] In some embodiments, the first transmission bandwidth is [f c +(f BLF / 2),f c +(3f BLF / 2)], and [-f c -(3f BLF / 2),f c -(f BLF / 2)].

[0238] In some embodiments, the ambient IoT device 101 sends the first data to the first device 102 based on the actual operating frequency and the first transmission bandwidth. In some embodiments, the length of the first data may be less than or equal to the third value.

[0239] For example, considering that larger data packets are more likely to cause the actual BLF to deviate significantly from the calculated BLF value if the device is less powerful, the longer the time, the greater the deviation, and the less accurate the transmitted waveform. Therefore, to improve the reliability of data transmission from Ambient IoT device 101, shorter data packets can be limited to frequency division multiplexing transmission.

[0240] Exemplarily, the first data may be any of the following:

[0241] Random numbers generated by Ambient IoT devices during inventory;

[0242] Device IDentifier (Device ID) of an Ambient IoT device, such as the Electronic Product Code (EPC).

[0243] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 may encode the first data using, but not limited to, Miller encoding before transmission.

[0244] Exemplarily, the Miller coding method is shown in FIG4B , where M is the coding rate, which refers to the number of coding bits corresponding to each information bit after coding.

[0245] For example, when M=2, two bits may be used to indicate one information bit. When M=4, four bits may be used to indicate one information bit.

[0246] In an example, when the data rates used by different Ambient IoT devices 101 in different transmission channels are equal, the encoding code rate may be associated with the BLF of the Ambient IoT device 101 .

[0247] Wherein, data rate = BLF / coding rate.

[0248] For example, as shown in FIG4C , if different Ambient IoT devices use the same data rate in different transmission channels, if the BLF of Ambient IoT device #1 is BLF#1 and the encoding rate is M#1, and the BLF of Ambient IoT device #2 is BLF#2 and the encoding rate is M#2, and if BLF#2=4BLF#1, then M#2=4M#1, thereby ensuring that the data rates used by different Ambient IoT devices in different transmission channels are equal.

[0249] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device may also determine the first transmission channel for transmitting the first data based on the first parameter. In this case, the first device 102 cannot ensure that the data rate between each transmission channel is equal.

[0250] The first parameter may include but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0251] The length of the first data;

[0252] The priority of the first data;

[0253] The data type of the first data.

[0254] For example, if the length of the first data exceeds a certain threshold, in order to ensure data transmission reliability, a channel with a larger BLF may be preferentially selected as the first transmission channel.

[0255] For example, if the priority of the first data is higher, in order to ensure the reliability of high-priority data transmission, a channel with a smaller BLF may be preferentially selected as the first transmission channel.

[0256] It is understandable that the smaller the BLF, the better the channel performance. The larger the BLF, the worse the channel performance, but the more data can be transmitted.

[0257] In an example, the first signaling may also be used to indicate a correspondence between a data type of the first data and a channel type of the first transmission channel.

[0258] For example, data for inventory services corresponds to channel #1, and data for command services corresponds to channel #2.

[0259] Of course, the corresponding relationship may also be agreed upon by an agreement, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0260] In some embodiments, the first device 102 receives the first data, and different Ambient IoT devices 101 transmit the first data through different transmission channels, thereby achieving frequency division multiplexing between the Ambient IoT devices 101.

[0261] In some embodiments, the names of information, etc. are not limited to the names described in the embodiments, and terms such as "information", "message", "signal", "signaling", "report", "configuration", "indication", "instruction", "command", "channel", "parameter", "domain", "field", "symbol", "symbol", "codeword", "codebook", "codeword", "codepoint", "bit", "data", "program", and "chip" can be used interchangeably.

[0262] In some embodiments, terms such as "send", "transmit", "report", "download", "transmit", "bidirectional transmission", "send and / or receive" can be used interchangeably.

[0263] In some embodiments, "obtain", "get", "get", "receive", "transmit", "bidirectional transmission", "send and / or receive" can be interchangeable, and can be interpreted as receiving from other entities, obtaining from protocols, obtaining from higher layers, obtaining by self-processing, autonomous implementation, etc.

[0264] In some embodiments, terms such as "certain", "preseted", "preset", "setting", "indicated", "a certain", "any", "first", and "designated" can be interchangeable. "Specific A", "preset A", "preset A", "setting A", "indicated A", "a certain A", "any A", and "first A" can be interpreted as A pre-specified in a protocol, etc., or as A obtained through setting, configuration, or indication, etc., or as specific A, a certain A, any A, or first A, etc., but not limited to this.

[0265] In some embodiments, the data transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2103. For example, step S2101 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, step S2102 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, step S2103 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, step S2102 + step S2103 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and steps S2101 to S2103 can be implemented as independent embodiments, but are not limited thereto.

[0266] In some embodiments, step S2101 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or replaced in different embodiments. For example, when the ambient IoT device 101 obtains one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​from other execution entities, step S2101 may not be performed.

[0267] In some embodiments, step S2102 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or replaced in different embodiments. For example, when the Ambient IoT device 101 calculates the BLF using other methods, step S2102 may not be performed.

[0268] In some embodiments, step S2103 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or replaced in different embodiments. For example, if the Ambient IoT device 101 does not have first data to send, or the first device 102 has not scheduled the Ambient IoT device 101, step S2103 may not be performed.

[0269] In some embodiments, steps S2101 to S2103 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or replaced in different embodiments.

[0270] In some embodiments, the execution order of steps S2101 to S2103 is not limited.

[0271] In the above embodiment, even when the Ambient IoT device does not have a local oscillator, the Ambient IoT device can achieve a certain offset in the frequency domain, ultimately achieving the purpose of frequency division multiplexing of multiple Ambient IoT devices, enhancing the coexistence performance between multiple devices, improving the data transmission performance of the Internet of Things, especially the passive Internet of Things, and high availability.

[0272] FIG3A is an interactive diagram illustrating a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG3A , the present disclosure embodiment relates to a data transmission method, which can be executed by an Ambient IoT device 101 and includes:

[0273] Step S3101: determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values.

[0274] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 may obtain one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​from the first device 102, but is not limited thereto. The Ambient IoT device 101 may also receive one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​sent by other entities. The first device may include, but is not limited to, a network device or an intermediate terminal.

[0275] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 obtains one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​determined according to predefined rules.

[0276] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 performs processing to obtain the one or more first values ​​and the one or more second values.

[0277] In some embodiments, step S3101 is omitted, and the Ambient IoT device 101 autonomously implements the functions indicated by one or more first values ​​and one or more second values, or the Ambient IoT device 101 obtains one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​based on predefined rules or protocol agreements, or the above functions are default or default.

[0278] In some embodiments, the optional implementation of step S3101 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2 and other related parts of the embodiment involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0279] Step S3102, determine BLF.

[0280] In some embodiments, the optional implementation of step S3102 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2 and other related parts of the embodiment involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0281] Step S3103: Send the first data.

[0282] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device 101 may send first data to the first device 102 .

[0283] In some embodiments, the first device 102 receives first data.

[0284] In some embodiments, the optional implementation of step S3103 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2103 in Figure 2 and other related parts of the embodiment involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0285] In some embodiments, steps S3101 to S3103 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or replaced in different embodiments.

[0286] In some embodiments, the execution order of steps S3101 to S3103 is not limited.

[0287] In the above embodiment, the Ambient IoT device can receive one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​sent by the first device, calculate the BLF based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values, and send the first data to the first device based on the BLF. This achieves the purpose of frequency domain offset of the Ambient IoT device. This improves the data transmission performance of the IoT, especially the passive IoT, and provides high availability.

[0288] FIG3B is an interactive diagram illustrating a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG3B , an embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a data transmission method, which can be executed by the first device 102 and includes:

[0289] Step S3201: Send one or more first values ​​and one or more second values.

[0290] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may send one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to the Ambient IoT device 101 .

[0291] In some embodiments, the ambient IoT device 101 receives one or more first values ​​and one or more second values.

[0292] In some embodiments, the optional implementation of step S3201 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2 and other related parts of the embodiment involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0293] Step S3202, obtaining first data.

[0294] In some embodiments, the first device 102 may obtain the first signaling from the Ambient IoT device 101, but is not limited thereto. The first device 102 may also receive the first signaling sent by other entities.

[0295] In some embodiments, the first device 102 obtains first signaling determined according to a predefined rule.

[0296] In some embodiments, the first device 102 performs processing to obtain the first signaling.

[0297] In some embodiments, step S3202 is omitted, the first device 102 autonomously implements the function indicated by the first signaling, or the first device 102 obtains the first signaling based on predefined rules or protocol agreements, or the above function is default or default.

[0298] In some embodiments, the optional implementation of step S3202 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2103 in Figure 2 and other related parts of the embodiment involved in Figure 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0299] In some embodiments, steps S3201 to S3202 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or replaced in different embodiments.

[0300] In some embodiments, the execution order of steps S3201 to S3202 is not limited.

[0301] In the above embodiment, multiple Ambient IoT devices can transmit data using frequency division multiplexing, which enhances the coexistence performance between multiple devices, improves the data transmission performance of the Internet of Things, especially the passive Internet of Things, and has high availability.

[0302] The above process is further illustrated below with examples.

[0303] In embodiment 1, in the first signaling (R2D signaling) and / or its corresponding preamble, multiple TRcals (which may be called DRcals in Ambient IoT) are indicated, or one TRcal (which may be called DRcal in Ambient IoT) is indicated.

[0304] The Ambient IoT device randomly selects one to determine its corresponding BLF:

[0305] Specifically, if the first signaling and / or its corresponding preamble indicate multiple TRcals (which may be called DRcals in Ambient IoT), that is, the chip length of D2R (the length value of the calibration signal), and a DR value, the Ambient IoT device randomly selects a DRcal length from them, and then calculates its BLF based on the corresponding DR value (calculated according to BLF=DR / TRcal), then the preamble structure at this time is shown in Figure 4A.

[0306] Specifically, if a TRcal (which may be called DRcal in Ambient IoT) and multiple DR values ​​are indicated in the first signaling and / or its corresponding preamble, the Ambient IoT device randomly selects one from the indicated multiple DRs based on the length of the DRcal to calculate its BLF. At this time, multiple DR values ​​can be indicated in the specific first signaling.

[0307] Specifically, the above two methods can also work together, such as the first signaling indicates a binding set of multiple DRcals and DR values.

[0308] Specifically, the first signaling indicates the start of an inventory round, and its function is similar to the Query signaling in RFID.

[0309] Specifically, a reader, such as a network device, ensures that there is a certain guard between different D2R transmission bandwidths by configuring an appropriate DRcal length and DR value. The guard can be in units of PRB or subcarrier. The transmission bandwidth plus the corresponding guard between the two transmission bandwidths can form the corresponding occupied bandwidth.

[0310] Specifically, Ambient IoT devices send corresponding D2R data on their own determined transmission bandwidth. Furthermore, this frequency division multiplexing (FDM) method is only implemented for D2R services with shorter data packets, such as sending random numbers or reporting device identifiers during inventory.

[0311] Furthermore, for Ambient IoT devices assigned to different transmission (occupied) channels, their data rates can be guaranteed to be equal. For example, for Ambient IoT device #1 and Ambient IoT device #2, DR#1 / DR#2 = M#1 / M#2, where M is the encoding rate. In RFID, using Miller encoding as an example, the corresponding coding efficiency diagram is shown in Figure 4B. An example of equal data rates can be shown in Figure 4C.

[0312] Furthermore, the Ambient IoT device can also select the corresponding channel for transmission based on the type of data it sends. In this case, the network side does not guarantee that the data rates between the various transmission (occupied) channels are equal.

[0313] For data packets with a bit count greater than or equal to the threshold, the channel with a larger BLF is preferentially selected for transmission;

[0314] For data with higher priority, channels with smaller BLF are preferred to ensure reliability;

[0315] One possible implementation is to notify the channel type simultaneously in the first signaling, such as the channel corresponding to the inventory service and the channel corresponding to the command service. The Ambient IoT device then selects the corresponding channel according to the service type of its response.

[0316] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an apparatus for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is provided that includes units or modules for implementing each step performed by the first terminal in any of the above methods. For another example, another apparatus is provided that includes units or modules for implementing each step performed by the first device in any of the above methods.

[0317] It should be understood that the division of the various units or modules in the above device is merely a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, they may be fully or partially integrated into a physical entity, or they may be physically separated. In addition, the units or modules in the device may be implemented in the form of a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor, the processor is connected to a memory, and the memory stores instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or implement the functions of the various units or modules of the above device, wherein the processor is, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory is a memory within the device or a memory outside the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits, and the functions of some or all of the units or modules can be realized by designing the hardware circuits. The above-mentioned hardware circuits can be understood as one or more processors; for example, in one implementation, the above-mentioned hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which realizes the functions of some or all of the above units or modules by designing the logical relationship of the components in the circuit; for example, in another implementation, the above-mentioned hardware circuit can be realized by a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gate circuits, and the connection relationship between the logic gate circuits is configured by configuring the configuration file, thereby realizing the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. All units or modules of the above devices can be realized in the form of software called by the processor, or in the form of hardware circuits, or in part by the form of software called by the processor, and the rest by hardware circuits.

[0318] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction reading and execution capabilities, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationship of the hardware circuit. The logical relationship of the above-mentioned hardware circuit is fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented by an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and implementing the hardware circuit configuration can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. In addition, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a neural network processing unit (NPU), a tensor processing unit (TPU), a deep learning processing unit (DPU), etc.

[0319] FIG5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first terminal proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG5A , the Ambient IoT device 5100 may include: a processing module 5101 , a transceiver module 5102 , and the like.

[0320] In some embodiments, the processing module 5101 is configured to determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate the scaling factor of the first value.

[0321] In some embodiments, the processing module 5101 is further configured to calculate a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0322] The transceiver module 5102 is configured to send the first data to the first device based on the BLF.

[0323] Optionally, the processing module 5101 is used to execute at least one of the other steps (such as step S2102, but not limited thereto) performed by the Ambient IoT device 5100 in any of the above methods, which will not be repeated here.

[0324] Optionally, the above-mentioned transceiver module 5101 is used to execute at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving (for example, step S2101, step S2103, but not limited to this) performed by the Ambient IoT device 5100 in any of the above methods, which will not be repeated here.

[0325] In some embodiments, the processing module 5101 is further configured to do at least one of the following:

[0326] Determining one or more first values ​​based on protocol pre-definition or based on pre-configuration;

[0327] Determining one or more second values ​​based on protocol pre-definition or based on pre-configuration;

[0328] The transceiver module 5102 is further configured to do at least one of the following:

[0329] receiving a preamble sent by a first device, where the preamble includes one or more first values;

[0330] receiving a preamble sent by the first device, where the preamble includes one or more second values;

[0331] receiving first signaling sent by a first device, where the first signaling includes one or more second values;

[0332] A first signaling sent by a first device is received, where the first signaling includes one or more first values.

[0333] In some embodiments, the processing module 5102 is further configured to:

[0334] randomly selecting one of the one or more first values;

[0335] Calculating a BLF based on a randomly selected first value and a second value; or

[0336] randomly selecting one of the one or more second values;

[0337] A BLF is calculated based on a first value and a randomly selected second value.

[0338] In some embodiments, the processing module 5102 is further configured to:

[0339] Determine a first value corresponding to the Ambient IoT device from the one or more first values;

[0340] Calculating the BLF based on a determined first value and a second value having a binding relationship with the first value; or

[0341] Determine a second value corresponding to the Ambient IoT device from the one or more second values;

[0342] The BLF is calculated based on the determined second value and a first value having a binding relationship with the second value.

[0343] In some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate a binding relationship between the first value and the second value.

[0344] In some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate the start of inventory.

[0345] In some embodiments, the length of the first data is less than or equal to the third value, and the first data includes any one of the following:

[0346] Random numbers generated by Ambient IoT devices;

[0347] Device identifier of the Ambient IoT device.

[0348] In some embodiments, when different Ambient IoT devices use the same data rate in different transmission channels, the encoding bit rate of the Ambient IoT device is associated with the BLF.

[0349] In some embodiments, the processing module 5102 is further configured to:

[0350] Determine a first transmission channel for transmitting the first data based on a first parameter, wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0351] The length of the first data;

[0352] The priority of the first data;

[0353] The data type of the first data.

[0354] In some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate a correspondence between a data type of the first data and a channel type of the first transmission channel.

[0355] FIG5B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG5B , the first device 5200 may include a transceiver module 5201 .

[0356] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5201 is configured to send one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to the Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate the scaling factor of the first value.

[0357] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5201 is further configured to receive first data sent by the Ambient IoT device based on a reverse link frequency BLF, wherein the BLF is determined based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

[0358] Optionally, the above-mentioned transceiver module 5201 is used to execute at least one of the other steps (such as step S2101, step S2103, but not limited to these) performed by the first device 5200 in any of the above methods, which will not be repeated here.

[0359] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5201 is configured to do at least one of the following:

[0360] Sending a preamble to the Ambient IoT device, where the preamble includes one or more first values;

[0361] Sending a preamble to the Ambient IoT device, where the preamble includes one or more second values;

[0362] Sending a first signaling to the Ambient IoT device, where the first signaling includes one or more second values;

[0363] A first signaling is sent to the Ambient IoT device, where the first signaling includes one or more first values.

[0364] In some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate a binding relationship between a first value and a second value.

[0365] In some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate the start of inventory.

[0366] In some embodiments, a guard band is provided between the first transmission bandwidths of different Ambient IoT devices.

[0367] In some embodiments, the length of the first data is less than or equal to a third value, and the first data includes any one of the following:

[0368] A random number generated by the Ambient IoT device;

[0369] The device identifier of the Ambient IoT device.

[0370] In some embodiments, when the data rates used by different Ambient IoT devices in different transmission channels are equal, the encoding bit rates used by different Ambient IoT devices are associated with the BLFs of the Ambient IoT devices.

[0371] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0372] Determine, based on a first parameter, a first transmission channel for different Ambient IoT devices to transmit the first data; wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0373] the length of the first data;

[0374] the priority of the first data;

[0375] The data type of the first data.

[0376] In some embodiments, the first signaling is used to indicate a correspondence between a data type of the first data and a channel type of the first transmission channel.

[0377] In some embodiments, the processing module can be a single module or can include multiple submodules. Optionally, the multiple submodules respectively execute all or part of the steps required to be executed by the processing module. Optionally, the processing module can be interchangeable with the processor.

[0378] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, and the transmitting module and the receiving module may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with the transceiver.

[0379] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 6100 proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Communication device 6100 can be a first device (e.g., a network device, a terminal, etc.), or it can be an Ambient IoT device, or it can be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the first device or the Ambient IoT device to implement any of the above methods. Communication device 6100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments. For details, please refer to the description of the above method embodiments.

[0380] As shown in Figure 6A, the communication device 6100 includes one or more processors 6101. The processor 6101 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, for example, a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process the communication protocol and communication data, and the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device (such as a base station, a baseband chip, a terminal device, a terminal device chip, a DU or a CU, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 6100 is used to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 are used to call instructions to enable the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods.

[0381] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more transceivers 6102. When the communication device 6100 includes one or more transceivers 6102, the transceiver 6102 performs at least one of the communication steps (e.g., step S2101 and step S2103, but not limited thereto) such as sending and / or receiving in the above method, and the processor 6101 performs at least one of the other steps (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto). In an optional embodiment, the transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, and the receiver and transmitter may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, and interface may be interchangeable, the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, and transmitting circuit may be interchangeable, and the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, and receiving circuit may be interchangeable.

[0382] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more memories 6103 for storing data. Alternatively, all or part of the memories 6103 may be located outside the communication device 6100. In alternative embodiments, the communication device 6100 may include one or more interface circuits 6104. Optionally, the interface circuits 6104 are connected to the memory 6102 and may be configured to receive data from the memory 6102 or other devices, or to send data to the memory 6102 or other devices. For example, the interface circuits 6104 may read data stored in the memory 6102 and send the data to the processor 6101.

[0383] The communication device 6100 described in the above embodiment may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 6100 described in the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 6100 may not be limited to FIG6A. The communication device may be an independent device or may be part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: 1) an independent integrated circuit IC, or a chip, or a chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the above IC collection may also include a storage component for storing data and programs; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, a terminal device, an intelligent terminal device, a cellular phone, a wireless device, a handheld device, a mobile unit, an in-vehicle device, a network device, a cloud device, an artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0384] 6B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip 6200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. If the communication device 6100 can be a chip or a chip system, reference can be made to the schematic diagram of the structure of the chip 6200 shown in FIG6B , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0385] The chip 6200 includes one or more processors 6201. The chip 6200 is configured to execute any of the above methods.

[0386] In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more interface circuits 6202. The terms "interface circuit," "interface," and "transceiver pin" may be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more memories 6203 for storing data. Alternatively, all or part of memory 6203 may be located external to chip 6200. Optionally, interface circuit 6202 is connected to memory 6203 and can be used to receive data from memory 6203 or other devices, or to send data to memory 6203 or other devices. For example, interface circuit 6202 may read data stored in memory 6203 and send the data to processor 6201.

[0387] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 6202 performs at least one of the communication steps (e.g., step S2101 and step S2103, but not limited thereto) of the aforementioned method. The interface circuit 6202 performing the communication steps (e.g., step S2101 and step S2103, but not limited thereto) of the aforementioned method means, for example, that the interface circuit 6202 performs data exchange between the processor 6201, chip 6200, memory 6203, or a transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 6201 performs at least one of the other steps (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto).

[0388] The modules and / or devices described in various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be arbitrarily combined or separated according to circumstances. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0389] The present disclosure also proposes a storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are executed on the communication device 6100, the communication device 6100 executes any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but is not limited thereto and may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but is not limited thereto and may also be a transient storage medium.

[0390] The present disclosure also provides a program product, which, when executed by the communication device 6100, enables the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product.

[0391] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is performed by a passive Ambient IoT device, and includes: Determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value; Calculating a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values; Based on the BLF, first data is sent to the first device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining of the one or more first values ​​and the one or more second values ​​comprises at least one of the following: receiving a preamble sent by the first device, where the preamble includes the one or more first values; receiving a preamble sent by the first device, where the preamble includes the one or more second values; receiving first signaling sent by the first device, where the first signaling includes the one or more second values; receiving first signaling sent by the first device, where the first signaling includes the one or more first values; Determining one or more first values ​​based on protocol pre-definition or based on pre-configuration; One or more second values ​​are determined based on protocol pre-definition or based on pre-configuration.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The calculating the reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values ​​includes: randomly selecting one of the one or more first values; Calculating the BLF based on a randomly selected first value and a second value; or, randomly selecting one of the one or more second values; The BLF is calculated based on a first value and a randomly selected second value.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The calculating the reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values ​​includes: Determine a first value corresponding to the Ambient IoT device from the one or more first values; calculate the BLF based on the determined first value and a second value having a binding relationship with the first value; or Determine, from the one or more second values, a second value corresponding to the Ambient IoT device; The BLF is calculated based on the determined second value and a first value having a binding relationship with the second value.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first signaling is used to indicate a binding relationship between a first value and a second value.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The first signaling is used to indicate the start of inventory counting.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The length of the first data is less than or equal to a third value, and the first data includes any one of the following: A random number generated by the Ambient IoT device; The device identifier of the Ambient IoT device.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that When the data rates adopted by different Ambient IoT devices in different transmission channels are equal, the encoding bit rates of the Ambient IoT devices are associated with the BLF.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The method further comprises: Determine a first transmission channel for transmitting the first data based on a first parameter, wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following: the length of the first data; the priority of the first data; The data type of the first data.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The first signaling is used to indicate a correspondence between a data type of the first data and a channel type of the first transmission channel.

11. A data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is performed by a first device, and includes: Sending one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to an Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value; Based on the reverse link frequency BLF, receiving the first data sent by the Ambient IoT device; wherein the BLF is based on One of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values ​​are determined.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The sending one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to the Ambient IoT device includes at least one of the following: Sending a preamble to the Ambient IoT device, where the preamble includes the one or more first values; Sending a preamble to the Ambient IoT device, where the preamble includes the one or more second values; Sending a first signaling to the Ambient IoT device, where the first signaling includes the one or more second values; Sending a first signaling to the Ambient IoT device, where the first signaling includes the one or more first values.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The first signaling is used to indicate a binding relationship between a first value and a second value.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The first signaling is used to indicate the start of inventory counting.

15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that: A guard band is set between the first transmission bandwidths of different Ambient IoT devices.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that The length of the first data is less than or equal to a third value, and the first data includes any one of the following: A random number generated by the Ambient IoT device; The device identifier of the Ambient IoT device.

17. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that: When the data rates adopted by different Ambient IoT devices in different transmission channels are equal, the encoding bit rates adopted by different Ambient IoT devices are associated with the BLFs of the Ambient IoT devices.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Determine, based on a first parameter, a first transmission channel for different Ambient IoT devices to transmit the first data; wherein the first parameter includes at least one of the following: the length of the first data; the priority of the first data; The data type of the first data.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The first signaling is used to indicate a correspondence between a data type of the first data and a channel type of the first transmission channel.

20. A data transmission method, characterized in that: Applied to a data transmission system, the data transmission system includes a passive Ambient IoT device and a first device; the method includes: The first device sends one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to the Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value; The Ambient IoT device determines one or more first values ​​and one or more second values; The Ambient IoT device calculates a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values. The Ambient IoT device sends first data to the first device based on the BLF; The first device receives the first data sent by the Ambient IoT device based on the BLF.

21. A passive Ambient IoT device, characterized in that: include: a processing module configured to determine one or more first values ​​and one or more second values; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of the calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value; The processing module is further configured to calculate a reverse link frequency (BLF) based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values; The transceiver module is configured to send first data to the first device based on the BLF.

22. A first device, characterized in that: include: A transceiver module is configured to send one or more first values ​​and one or more second values ​​to an Ambient IoT device; wherein the first value is used to indicate the length of a calibration signal from the Ambient IoT device to the first device, and the second value is used to indicate a scaling factor of the first value; The transceiver module is further configured to receive the first data sent by the Ambient IoT device based on a reverse link frequency BLF; wherein the BLF is determined based on one of the one or more first values ​​and one of the one or more second values.

23. A passive Ambient IoT device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; The processor is configured to execute the data transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

24. A first device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; The processor is configured to execute the data transmission method according to any one of claims 11 to 19.

25. A data transmission system, characterized in that: The data transmission system comprises a passive Ambient IoT device and a first device, and is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 20.

26. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that: When the instruction is executed on a communication device, the communication device is caused to execute the data transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 19.

27. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, it is used to implement the data transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 19.

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