Straw smashing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dry farmland

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw smashing mechanism and a straw returning device suitable for a thin-layer black soil dry farmland, and relates to the field of agricultural mechanical equipment, the straw smashing mechanism comprises a smashing mechanism, a machine frame is installed behind the smashing mechanism, a ploughing mechanism is installed below the machine frame, a fertilizing mechanism is installed above the machine frame, and a soil covering mechanism is installed at the tail of the machine frame. Through mutual cooperation of the crushing mechanism, the ploughing mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism, integrated operation of direct straw returning to the field and ploughing and soil preparation is achieved. Meanwhile, a straw smashing key component is innovated, so that the smashing device has the functions of straw picking, chopping, flattening, rubbing and the like, wax coats and hard cell wall structures on the surfaces of the straws can be quickly damaged, nutrient substances such as internal cellulose and hemicellulose are released, the wall breaking rate is remarkably higher than that of a traditional straw returning machine, and the straw returning machine is suitable for popularization and application. Rapid infection and reproduction of soil microorganisms are promoted, meanwhile, the water absorption and retention capacity of the straw is improved, and decomposition of the straw is accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment, and in particular to a straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for dry fields with thin layers of black soil. Background Technology

[0002] Thin-layered black soil is the main soil type in the Northeast Plain of my country, mostly distributed in gentle slopes or well-drained areas such as hills and mountains, and is susceptible to water erosion. Dryland farming is the primary cultivation method for thin-layered black soil, characterized by a thin soil layer, typically less than 30 cm thick, and relatively low organic matter content. Controlling soil erosion and increasing soil organic matter content are important goals for protecting black soil. Returning straw to the field is a measure to improve soil fertility and increase yield in dryland thin-layered black soil. Returning straw increases soil organic matter, improves soil structure, loosens the soil, increases porosity, promotes microbial activity and crop root development, and simultaneously promotes rainwater infiltration, reducing soil water erosion. Due to the thin soil layer in dryland thin-layered black soil, straw is generally returned by crushing and mixing it into the field or by shallow plowing. Existing straw return systems generally include combine harvesters, tillage machines, or harrowing machines with shredding devices. Combine harvesters with shredding devices can shred straw and spread it on the farmland surface. However, the shredded straw is typically 10-20cm long, and sometimes even longer. This not only hinders the operation of the straw return machinery but also doesn't facilitate straw decomposition, requiring another shredding process. This increases the cost of straw return, increases the number of times machinery enters the field, further compacts the soil, destroys soil aggregates, hardens the soil, and deteriorates the quality of arable land. Furthermore, during straw decomposition, microorganisms consume nitrogen and other nutrients in the soil, causing competition for nitrogen between soil microorganisms and crops, affecting crop seedling growth. Therefore, when returning straw to the field, an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is usually applied to promote rapid decomposition of the straw in the soil. Fertilization is generally done manually, as tillage machinery lacks a fertilization mechanism.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide a straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for simultaneous operation of straw crushing, plowing and fertilization in dry fields with thin black soil, so as to improve the efficiency of straw returning and protect the black soil, has become a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland, which solves the problems of poor straw crushing quality and inability to simultaneously perform straw crushing, plowing, fertilization and land preparation operations in existing straw returning devices.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a straw crushing mechanism and a straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland, including a crushing mechanism, a frame installed behind the straw crushing mechanism, a tillage mechanism installed below the frame, a fertilization mechanism installed above the frame, and a soil covering mechanism installed at the tail of the frame.

[0007] Optionally, the crushing mechanism includes a housing, inside which a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, and a third rotating shaft are rotatably connected. The second rotating shaft is located above and in front of the first rotating shaft, and the third rotating shaft is located above and behind the first rotating shaft. Multiple first hammer blades are evenly distributed on the side wall of the first rotating shaft, multiple teeth are evenly distributed on the side wall of the second rotating shaft, and multiple second hammer blades are evenly distributed on the side wall of the third rotating shaft.

[0008] An inclined baffle is installed below the second rotating shaft;

[0009] A washboard component is provided between the first rotating shaft and the third rotating shaft. The washboard component includes a top plate and wash blades. Multiple wash blades are provided and evenly distributed at the bottom of the top plate. The top plate is installed on the inner wall of the housing.

[0010] The first hammer blade and the prying teeth are arranged alternately in sequence; the first hammer blade and the second hammer blade are arranged alternately in sequence; the first hammer blade and the rolling blade are arranged alternately in sequence; and the second hammer blade and the rolling blade are arranged alternately in sequence.

[0011] A gearbox is installed at the front end of the housing, and a fourth rotating shaft is driven to the output end of the gearbox. The first rotating shaft and the fourth rotating shaft are driven together by a first transmission mechanism; the fourth rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are driven together by a second transmission mechanism; and the first rotating shaft and the third rotating shaft are driven together by a third transmission mechanism.

[0012] Optionally, the first transmission mechanism includes a first driving wheel, a first driven wheel, a first chain, and a first protective shell. The first driving wheel is installed at the end of the fourth rotating shaft, the first driven wheel is installed at the end of the first rotating shaft, the first driving wheel and the first driven wheel are connected by a first chain, and the first protective shell is disposed on the outside of the first chain.

[0013] Optionally, the housing may also be equipped with a connecting block for connecting to external mechanical devices.

[0014] Optionally, the tillage mechanism includes a support and tillage blades, the support is installed below the frame, and multiple tillage blades are provided and evenly distributed at the bottom of the support.

[0015] Optionally, the fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer storage box and a motor. Both the fertilizer storage box and the motor are mounted on the frame. A feeding cylinder is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer storage box. A rotatable feeding gear is installed inside the feeding cylinder. A fifth rotating shaft is driven to the feeding gear. The fifth rotating shaft is driven to the output shaft of the motor through a fourth transmission mechanism. Multiple feeding cylinders are provided and arranged side by side.

[0016] Optionally, the fourth transmission mechanism includes a fourth driving wheel, a fourth driven wheel, a fourth chain, and a fourth protective shell. The fourth driving wheel is driven to the output shaft of the motor, the fourth driven wheel is mounted at the end of the fifth rotating shaft, the fourth driving wheel and the fourth driven wheel are driven to each other by the fourth chain, and the fourth protective shell is disposed on the outside of the fourth chain.

[0017] Optionally, the soil covering mechanism includes two lower connecting rods symmetrically installed at the tail of the frame. The bottom of the lower connecting rods is rotatably connected to a disc. A circular rod is installed between the facing surfaces of the two symmetrically arranged discs. Multiple circular rods are provided and are evenly distributed around the circumference of the discs.

[0018] Optionally, the fertilization mechanism is located directly above the tillage mechanism.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] This invention discloses a straw crushing mechanism and a straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland, relating to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment. It includes a straw crushing mechanism, a frame installed at the rear of the straw crushing mechanism, a tillage mechanism installed below the frame, a fertilization mechanism installed above the frame, and a soil covering mechanism installed at the rear of the frame.

[0021] This invention addresses the problems of thin-layered black soil dryland where the thin topsoil layer is unsuitable for deep plowing with large machinery, as well as the issues of existing straw crushing and returning machinery resulting in excessively long straw, poor cell wall breaking effect, and increased costs due to the need for secondary tillage after straw return. By coordinating crushing, tilling, and fertilization mechanisms, it achieves integrated straw return and tillage. The patented innovation includes a key component for straw crushing, enabling the crusher to simultaneously pick up, chop, flatten, and knead straw. This rapidly breaks down the waxy layer and hard cell wall structure on the straw surface, releasing internal nutrients such as cellulose and hemicellulose. The cell wall breaking rate is significantly higher than traditional straw return machinery, promoting rapid infection and reproduction of soil microorganisms, increasing the straw's water absorption and retention capacity, and accelerating straw decomposition. This patented development effectively solves the problems of poor straw crushing quality, low straw return efficiency, and poor straw degradation in thin-layered black soil dryland straw return, improving the quality of straw return operations in thin-layered black soil dryland and protecting the black soil. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view of the straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the washboard component structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the inside of the feeding cylinder of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Crushing mechanism; 2. Frame; 3. Tillage mechanism; 4. Fertilization mechanism; 5. Covering mechanism;

[0029] 11. Housing; 12. First rotating shaft; 13. Second rotating shaft; 14. Third rotating shaft; 121. First hammer blade; 131. Gear; 141. Second hammer blade;

[0030] 15. Baffle; 16. Washboard component; 161. Top plate; 162. Washboard blade; 17. Gearbox; 18. Fourth rotating shaft; 19. First transmission mechanism; 110. Connecting block;

[0031] 31. Support frame; 32. Tillage blades;

[0032] 41. Fertilizer storage bin; 42. Motor; 43. Feeding cylinder; 44. Feeding gear; 45. Fifth rotating shaft; 46. Fourth transmission mechanism;

[0033] 51. Lower connecting rod; 52. Disc; 53. Round rod. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1-5As shown, a straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland includes a crushing mechanism 1, a frame 2 installed behind the crushing mechanism 1, a tillage mechanism 3 installed below the frame 2, a fertilization mechanism 4 installed above the frame 2, and a soil covering mechanism 5 installed at the tail of the frame 2.

[0036] Specifically, the crushing mechanism 1 includes a housing 11, and a first rotating shaft 12, a second rotating shaft 13, and a third rotating shaft 14 are rotatably connected inside the housing 11. The second rotating shaft 13 is located above and in front of the first rotating shaft 12, and the third rotating shaft 14 is located above and behind the first rotating shaft 12. A plurality of first hammer blades 121 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the first rotating shaft 12, a plurality of prying teeth 131 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the second rotating shaft 13, and a plurality of second hammer blades 141 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the third rotating shaft 14.

[0037] An inclined baffle 15 is installed below the second rotating shaft 13;

[0038] A washboard component 16 is provided between the first rotating shaft 12 and the third rotating shaft 14. The washboard component 16 includes a top plate 161 and washboard blades 162. Multiple washboard blades 162 are provided and evenly distributed at the bottom of the top plate 161. The top plate 161 is installed on the inner wall of the housing 11.

[0039] The first hammer blade 121 and the prying tooth 131 are arranged alternately, the first hammer blade 121 and the second hammer blade 141 are arranged alternately, the first hammer blade 121 and the rubbing blade 162 are arranged alternately, and the second hammer blade 141 and the rubbing blade 162 are arranged alternately.

[0040] A gearbox 17 is mounted on the front end of the housing 11. The output end of the gearbox 17 is connected to a fourth rotating shaft 18. The first rotating shaft 12 and the fourth rotating shaft 18 are connected together by a first transmission mechanism 19. The fourth rotating shaft 18 and the second rotating shaft 13 are connected together by a second transmission mechanism. The first rotating shaft 12 and the third rotating shaft 14 are connected together by a third transmission mechanism.

[0041] The rubbing board component 16 comes in various specifications, and the spacing between the rubbing blades 162 in each specification of the rubbing board component 16 is different. By installing rubbing board components 16 of different specifications, the straw crushing and rubbing effect can be adjusted.

[0042] Specifically, the first transmission mechanism 19 includes a first driving wheel, a first driven wheel, a first chain, and a first protective shell. The first driving wheel is installed at the end of the fourth rotating shaft 18, the first driven wheel is installed at the end of the first rotating shaft 12, and the first driving wheel and the first driven wheel are connected by a first chain. The first protective shell is disposed on the outside of the first chain.

[0043] The second transmission mechanism includes a second driving wheel, a second driven wheel, and a second chain. The second driving wheel is installed at the other end of the fourth rotating shaft 18, the second driven wheel is installed at the end of the third rotating shaft, and the second chain is connected between the second driving wheel and the second driven wheel.

[0044] The third transmission mechanism includes a third driving wheel, a third driven wheel, and a third chain. The third driving wheel is installed at the end of the first rotating shaft 12, the third driven wheel is installed at the end of the third rotating shaft 14, and the third chain is connected between the third driving wheel and the third driven wheel.

[0045] Specifically, the housing 11 is also equipped with a connecting block 110 for connecting with external mechanical devices.

[0046] Specifically, the tillage mechanism 3 includes a support 31 and tillage blades 32. The support 31 is installed below the frame 2, and multiple tillage blades 32 are provided and evenly distributed at the bottom of the support 31.

[0047] Specifically, the fertilizer application mechanism 4 includes a fertilizer storage tank 41 and a motor 42. Both the fertilizer storage tank 41 and the motor 42 are mounted on the frame 2. A feeding cylinder 43 is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer storage tank 41. A rotatable feeding gear 44 is installed inside the feeding cylinder 43. A fifth rotating shaft 45 is drivenly connected to the feeding gear 44. The fifth rotating shaft 45 is drivenly connected to the output shaft of the motor 42 through a fourth transmission mechanism 46. Multiple feeding cylinders 43 are provided and arranged side by side.

[0048] Specifically, the fourth transmission mechanism 46 includes a fourth driving wheel, a fourth driven wheel, a fourth chain, and a fourth protective shell. The fourth driving wheel is driven to the output shaft of the motor 42. The fourth driven wheel is installed at the end of the fifth rotating shaft 45. The fourth driving wheel and the fourth driven wheel are driven to each other through the fourth chain. The fourth protective shell is disposed on the outside of the fourth chain.

[0049] Specifically, the soil covering mechanism 5 includes two lower connecting rods 51 symmetrically installed at the tail of the frame 2. The bottom of the lower connecting rods 51 is rotatably connected to a disc 52. A round rod 53 is installed between the facing surfaces of the two symmetrically arranged discs 52. Multiple round rods 53 are provided and are evenly distributed around the circumference of the discs 52.

[0050] Specifically, the fertilization mechanism 4 is located directly above the tillage mechanism 3.

[0051] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0052] During installation, the device is installed behind a tractor or other mechanical device via connecting block 17.

[0053] Straw crushing operation: The gearbox 14 rotates under the drive of external machinery. When the gearbox is working, it drives the second rotating shaft 15 to rotate. The rotation of the second rotating shaft 15 drives the first rotating shaft 12 to rotate through the first transmission mechanism 16. The first rotating shaft 12 drives the first hammer blade 13 to rotate. When the first hammer blade 13 rotates, it crushes the straw in the field.

[0054] Straw turning operation: During the forward movement of this device, the frame 2 drives the support 31 to move forward synchronously, and the support 31 drives the turning blades 32 to move forward synchronously. When the turning blades move forward, they turn the crushed straw into the soil.

[0055] Land fertilization operation: When the motor 42 is working, it drives the third rotating shaft 45 to rotate through the second transmission mechanism 46. The rotation of the third rotating shaft 45 drives the feeding gear 44 in the feeding cylinder 43 to rotate. When the feeding gear 44 rotates, it spreads the fertilizer in the fertilizer storage box 41 into the tilled soil furrows.

[0056] Fertilizer covering operation: When the frame 2 moves forward, it drives the lower connecting rod 51 to move forward synchronously. The movement of the lower connecting rod 51 drives the disc 52 in contact with the soil to roll forward. When the disc rolls forward, the round rod 53 on the disc 52 sweeps and flattens the soil trenches after tilling, burying the fertilizer in the trenches and completing the fertilizer covering operation.

[0057] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0058] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layered black soil dryland fields, characterized in that: It includes a crushing mechanism (1), a frame (2) is installed behind the straw crushing mechanism (1), a tillage mechanism (3) is installed below the frame (2), a fertilization mechanism (4) is installed above the frame (2), and a soil covering mechanism (5) is installed at the tail of the frame (2).

2. The straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw crushing mechanism (1) includes a housing (11), inside which a first rotating shaft (12), a second rotating shaft (13), and a third rotating shaft (14) are rotatably connected. The second rotating shaft (13) is located above and in front of the first rotating shaft (12), and the third rotating shaft (14) is located above and behind the first rotating shaft (12). Multiple first hammers (121) are evenly distributed on the side wall of the first rotating shaft (12), multiple prying teeth (131) are evenly distributed on the side wall of the second rotating shaft (13), and multiple second hammers (141) are evenly distributed on the side wall of the third rotating shaft (14). An inclined baffle (15) is installed below the second rotating shaft (13); A washboard component (16) is provided between the first rotating shaft (12) and the third rotating shaft (14). The washboard component (16) includes a top plate (161) and wash blades (162). Multiple wash blades (162) are provided and evenly distributed at the bottom of the top plate (161). The top plate (161) is installed on the inner wall of the housing (11). The first hammer blade (121) and the prying tooth (131) are arranged alternately, the first hammer blade (121) and the second hammer blade (141) are arranged alternately, the first hammer blade (121) and the rubbing blade (162) are arranged alternately, and the second hammer blade (141) and the rubbing blade (162) are arranged alternately. A gearbox (17) is installed at the front end of the housing (11). The output end of the gearbox (17) is connected to a fourth rotating shaft (18). The first rotating shaft (12) and the fourth rotating shaft (18) are connected together by a first transmission mechanism (19). The fourth rotating shaft (18) and the second rotating shaft (13) are connected together by a second transmission mechanism. The first rotating shaft (12) and the third rotating shaft (14) are connected together by a third transmission mechanism.

3. The straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first transmission mechanism (19) includes a first driving wheel, a first driven wheel, a first chain and a first protective shell. The first driving wheel is installed at the end of the fourth rotating shaft (18), the first driven wheel is installed at the end of the first rotating shaft (12), the first driving wheel and the first driven wheel are connected by a first chain, and the first protective shell is disposed on the outside of the first chain.

4. A straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The housing (11) is also equipped with a connecting block (110) for connecting with external mechanical devices.

5. A straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tillage mechanism (3) includes a support (31) and tillage blades (32). The support (31) is installed below the frame (2), and multiple tillage blades (32) are provided and evenly distributed at the bottom of the support (31).

6. A straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer application mechanism (4) includes a fertilizer storage box (41) and a motor (42). The fertilizer storage box (41) and the motor (42) are both mounted on the frame (2). A feeding cylinder (43) is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer storage box (41). A rotatable feeding gear (44) is provided inside the feeding cylinder (43). A fifth rotating shaft (45) is driven and connected to the feeding gear (44). The fifth rotating shaft (45) is driven and connected to the output shaft of the motor (42) through a fourth transmission mechanism (46). Multiple feeding cylinders (43) are provided and arranged side by side.

7. A straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The fourth transmission mechanism (46) includes a fourth driving wheel, a fourth driven wheel, a fourth chain, and a fourth protective shell. The fourth driving wheel is driven to the output shaft of the motor (42). The fourth driven wheel is installed at the end of the fifth rotating shaft (45). The fourth driving wheel and the fourth driven wheel are driven to each other through the fourth chain. The fourth protective shell is disposed on the outside of the fourth chain.

8. A straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The soil covering mechanism (5) includes two lower connecting rods (51) symmetrically installed at the tail of the frame (2). The bottom of the lower connecting rod (51) is rotatably connected to a disc (52). A round rod (53) is installed between the facing surfaces of the two symmetrically arranged discs (52). Multiple round rods (53) are provided and are evenly distributed around the circumference of the discs (52).

9. A straw crushing mechanism and straw returning device suitable for thin-layer black soil dryland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization mechanism (4) is located directly above the tillage mechanism (3).

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