Fertilizing method for improving agronomic characters of tobacco leaves

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and particularly discloses a fertilization method for improving agronomic characters of tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps: applying a base fertilizer before transplanting: applying the base fertilizer at one time before transplanting the tobacco leaves, applying the base fertilizer in a strip application mode, applying the base fertilizer at the positions 15-20 cm away from the two sides of a ridge center line, the depth of the base fertilizer is 15-20 cm, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 55-65 kg / mu; the base fertilizer is composed of a tobacco compound fertilizer, a microbial fertilizer and a multi-element chelate fertilizer. According to the method, the tobacco compound fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer and the multi-element chelate fertilizer form the base fertilizer to be applied before tobacco transplanting, the application amount is determined to be 55-65 kg / mu, tobacco growth and development are promoted, the yield is increased, the proportion of first-class tobacco is increased, and the physical property of soil is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilization technology, and more specifically to a fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco-growing soils suffer from varying degrees of thinning topsoil, decreased organic matter content, nutrient deficiency and imbalance, compaction, and acidification. These problems have become bottlenecks restricting the improvement of tobacco yield and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to improve the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To develop a fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves, this invention provides a fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves. This invention applies a base fertilizer composed of tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and multi-element chelated fertilizer before tobacco transplanting, with an application rate of 55 kg / mu to 65 kg / mu. This not only promotes tobacco growth and development and increases yield, but also improves the proportion of high-quality tobacco and effectively improves soil physical properties.

[0004] This invention provides a fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves, comprising the following steps: Apply base fertilizer before transplanting: Apply base fertilizer once before transplanting tobacco, using the strip application method. The base fertilizer is applied 15 cm to 20 cm away from the center line of the ridge, at a depth of 15 cm to 20 cm, and the amount of base fertilizer applied is 55 kg / mu to 65 kg / mu. The base fertilizer consists of tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer. Topdressing after transplanting: Topdressing should be done after the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage. The depth of topdressing should be 15 cm to 20 cm. The type of topdressing fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the amount of topdressing fertilizer is 20 kg / mu to 25 kg / mu. Apply seed fertilizer: Apply seed fertilizer 60 to 65 days after transplanting flue-cured tobacco, using diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer, at a rate of 5 kg / mu to 6 kg / mu.

[0005] This invention involves applying a base fertilizer composed of tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and multi-element chelated fertilizer before tobacco transplanting, with an application rate of 55 kg / mu to 65 kg / mu. This not only promotes tobacco growth and development and increases yield, but also improves the proportion of high-quality tobacco and effectively improves soil physical properties.

[0006] Furthermore, the base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:2-3.

[0007] Furthermore, the base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:3.

[0008] Furthermore, topdressing should begin 25 to 35 days after transplanting when the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage.

[0009] Furthermore, the diammonium phosphate contains 18% N and 46% P2O5.

[0010] Furthermore, the base fertilizer application rate is 60 kg / mu.

[0011] Furthermore, the amount of topdressing fertilizer is 25 kg / mu.

[0012] Furthermore, the application rate of fertilizer is 5 kg / mu.

[0013] Furthermore, the nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the microbial fertilizer have an effective viable count of ≥500 million / g.

[0014] Furthermore, the N:P2O5:K2O ratio in the tobacco compound fertilizer is 10%:12%:22%.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention effectively improves the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco through the fertilization method in Example 1. During the rosette stage, the improved fertilization can increase plant height by 5.3%, the number of leaves by 9%, and the maximum leaf width by 7.3%. During the vigorous growth stage, the improved fertilization can increase plant height by 4.1%, the number of leaves by 14.2%, and the maximum leaf width by 4.9%.

[0016] This invention involves applying a base fertilizer composed of tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and multi-element chelated fertilizer before tobacco transplanting, with an application rate of 55 kg / mu to 65 kg / mu. This not only promotes tobacco growth and development and increases yield, but also improves the proportion of high-quality tobacco and effectively improves soil physical properties. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0018] The fertilizers involved in this invention are as follows: The organic fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer produced by Shenyang Jiuli Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with product number JLMJ-018. The microbial fertilizer contains N:P2O5:K2O = 2.01%:1%:1%, with organic matter ≥40.0%, and contains nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, with an effective viable count ≥500 million / g.

[0019] Tobacco compound fertilizer (N∶P2O5∶K2O=10%∶12%∶22%) with a total nutrient content ≥44%, produced by Shanghai Changzheng Ecological Technology Yangzhou Co., Ltd., product number CZ-YC-10-12-22.

[0020] Multi-element chelated fertilizer: Concentrated ion modified + silicon fertilizer, produced by Jiawang Fertilizer, product number JW-EDTA-MC-013.

[0021] Potassium sulfate (K2O≥52%) is produced by SDIC Xinjiang Lop Nur Potash Co., Ltd.

[0022] The tobacco used in this invention is "Liaoyan No. 17", which is a major tobacco variety promoted in the Northeast tobacco region and is widely planted in Liaoning Province.

[0023] The experimental site for this invention was located in Kaiyuan City, Tieling City, Liaoning Province (42°6′—42°53′N, 123°43′—124°48′E), at an altitude of 115.6m. Kaiyuan has short springs and autumns, long winters, and warm summers, with distinct seasons. The climate conditions in this region are relatively suitable for tobacco cultivation. The soil at the experimental site was brown soil, and the land was flat with good drainage and irrigation. The land properties for tobacco cultivation in the examples and comparative cases were similar.

[0024] Example 1: A fertilization method to improve the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves.

[0025] (1) Apply base fertilizer before transplanting: Apply base fertilizer once before transplanting tobacco in May. Apply base fertilizer in strips, 15cm away from the center line of the ridge, at a depth of 15cm. The amount of base fertilizer applied is 60kg / mu.

[0026] The base fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:3.

[0027] (2) Topdressing after transplanting: On the 35th day after transplanting, when the tobacco plants enter the clump stage, topdressing is carried out at a depth of 15cm. Topdressing is applied by liquid fertilizer gun. The type of fertilizer is potassium sulfate (K2O≥52%), and the amount of fertilizer is 25kg / mu.

[0028] (3) Apply seed fertilizer: Apply seed fertilizer 60 days after transplanting flue-cured tobacco. Use diammonium phosphate containing 18% nitrogen (N) and 46% phosphorus (P2O5) as seed fertilizer. The amount of seed fertilizer applied is 5 kg / mu.

[0029] Example 2: A fertilization method to improve the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves.

[0030] (1) Apply base fertilizer before transplanting: Apply base fertilizer once before transplanting tobacco in May. Apply base fertilizer in strips, 15cm away from the center line of the ridge, at a depth of 15cm. The amount of base fertilizer applied is 60kg / mu.

[0031] The base fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:3.

[0032] (2) Topdressing after transplanting: On the 35th day after transplanting, when the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage, topdressing should be carried out at a depth of 15cm using a liquid fertilizer applicator. The type of fertilizer is potassium sulfate (K2O≥52%), and the amount of fertilizer is 25kg / mu.

[0033] (3) Apply seed fertilizer: Apply seed fertilizer 60 days after transplanting flue-cured tobacco. Use diammonium phosphate containing 18% nitrogen (N) and 46% phosphorus (P2O5) as seed fertilizer. The amount of seed fertilizer applied is 5 kg / mu.

[0034] Example 3: A fertilization method to improve the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves.

[0035] (1) Apply base fertilizer before transplanting: Apply base fertilizer once before transplanting tobacco in May. Apply base fertilizer in strips, 15cm away from the center line of the ridge, at a depth of 15cm. The amount of base fertilizer applied is 60kg / mu.

[0036] The base fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:3.

[0037] (2) Topdressing after transplanting: On the 35th day after transplanting, when the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage, topdressing should be carried out at a depth of 15cm using a liquid fertilizer applicator. The type of fertilizer is potassium sulfate (K2O≥52%), and the amount of fertilizer is 25kg / mu.

[0038] (3) Apply seed fertilizer: Apply seed fertilizer 60 days after transplanting flue-cured tobacco. Use diammonium phosphate containing 18% nitrogen (N) and 46% phosphorus (P2O5) as seed fertilizer. The amount of seed fertilizer applied is 5 kg / mu.

[0039] Comparative Example 1: A method for fertilizing tobacco cultivation.

[0040] (1) Apply base fertilizer before transplanting: Apply base fertilizer once before transplanting tobacco in May. Apply base fertilizer in strips, 15cm away from the center line of the ridge, at a depth of 15cm. The amount of base fertilizer applied is 30kg / mu. The base fertilizer is tobacco compound fertilizer.

[0041] (2) Topdressing after transplanting: On the 35th day after transplanting, when the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage, topdress once, with a fertilization depth of 15cm. Use a liquid fertilizer applicator for topdressing. The type of fertilizer is potassium sulfate (K2O≥52%). The amount of fertilizer is 25kg / mu.

[0042] (3) Apply seed fertilizer: Apply seed fertilizer 60 days after transplanting flue-cured tobacco. The seed fertilizer is diammonium phosphate containing 18% nitrogen (N) and 46% phosphorus (P2O5), and the application rate is 5 kg / mu.

[0043] Taking Example 1 as an example, tobacco was fertilized and cultivated according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The tobacco used in this invention was "Liaoyan No. 9," a major tobacco variety promoted in the Northeast tobacco region and widely planted in Liaoning Province. The determination of tobacco agronomic traits was carried out in accordance with "YC / T 142-2010 Method for Investigating Tobacco Agronomic Traits." After transplanting, five representative tobacco plants were selected from each plot, and the plant height, number of leaves, internode distance, stem circumference, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width were measured at 45 days (columnar stage) and 70 days (topping stage) after transplanting. After harvest, the proportion of high-grade and medium-grade tobacco was statistically analyzed according to the grading standard GB2635-2023.

[0044] The soil improvement status of tobacco fields under different fertilization treatments was determined at the tobacco maturity stage. After harvest, the proportion of medium-grade flue-cured tobacco and the yield were determined. Soil organic carbon was determined by elemental analysis. Alkali-available nitrogen was determined by alkaline diffusion method. Available phosphorus was determined by sodium bicarbonate-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method. Soil available potassium content was determined by ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry method.

[0045] Table 1. Agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco under different fertilization treatments As shown in Table 2, improved fertilization can effectively increase the proportion of high-quality tobacco and the yield of flue-cured tobacco.

[0046] Table 2. Proportion of upper and middle grade flue-cured tobacco and yield under different fertilization treatments. As shown in Table 3, the soil pH, organic matter and available nutrient content were significantly improved after fertilization.

[0047] Table 3 Soil improvement status of tobacco fields under different fertilization treatments The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. This invention, by applying a base fertilizer composed of tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer to tobacco before transplanting, with an application rate of 55 kg / mu to 65 kg / mu, not only promotes the growth and development of tobacco and increases yield, but also improves the proportion of high-quality tobacco and effectively improves the physical properties of the soil.

[0048] The present invention effectively improves the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco through the fertilization method in Example 1. During the rosette stage, the improved fertilization can increase plant height by 5.3%, the number of leaves by 9%, and the maximum leaf width by 7.3%. During the vigorous growth stage, the improved fertilization can increase plant height by 4.1%, the number of leaves by 14.2%, and the maximum leaf width by 4.9%.

[0049] The application of organic fertilizers (microbial fertilizers) and alkaline fertilizers (multi-element chelated fertilizers) can effectively improve soil physical properties and promote a healthier and more rational soil structure. Applying organic and alkaline fertilizers can reduce soil bulk density, effectively alleviating soil compaction; increase the proportion of high-quality tobacco; and improve soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and readily available potassium content.

[0050] It should be noted that all steps not specifically covered in this invention are routine operations, and specific details are provided in the Liaoning Provincial Local Standard "Technical Regulations for Flue-cured Tobacco Planting" DB 21 / T 3159-2019.

[0051] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, once they have learned the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments.

[0052] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Apply base fertilizer before transplanting: Apply base fertilizer once before transplanting tobacco, using the strip application method. The base fertilizer is applied 15 cm to 20 cm away from the center line of the ridge, at a depth of 15 cm to 20 cm, and the amount of base fertilizer applied is 55 kg / mu to 65 kg / mu. The base fertilizer consists of tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer. Topdressing after transplanting: Topdressing should be done after the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage. The depth of topdressing should be 15 cm to 20 cm. The type of topdressing fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the amount of topdressing fertilizer is 20 kg / mu to 25 kg / mu. Apply seed fertilizer: Apply seed fertilizer 60 to 65 days after transplanting flue-cured tobacco, using diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer, at a rate of 5 kg / mu to 6 kg / mu.

2. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:2-3.

3. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing tobacco compound fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and multi-element chelated fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:4:

3.

4. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, Topdressing should begin 25 to 35 days after transplanting when the tobacco plants enter the rosette stage.

5. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diammonium phosphate contains 18% N and 46% P2O5.

6. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer application rate is 60 kg / mu.

7. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of topdressing fertilizer is 25 kg / mu.

8. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of fertilizer is 5 kg / mu.

9. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial fertilizer contains nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria with an effective viable count of ≥500 million / g.

10. The fertilization method for improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The N:P2O5:K2O ratio in tobacco compound fertilizer is 10%:12%:22%.

Images