Water filtration system and backwashing method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of filtration, and particularly relates to a water filtration system and a backwashing method thereof.The water filtration system comprises a filtration cavity, a water inlet is formed in the bottom of the filtration cavity, a water outlet is formed in the top of the filtration cavity, multiple filter material layers are arranged in the filtration cavity, and a backwashing cavity and a horizontal backwashing pipe are arranged between every two adjacent filter material layers; guide rails are arranged on the two side walls of the backwashing cavity, moving blocks are arranged on the guide rails, the two ends of the backwashing pipe are connected with the moving blocks, a plurality of water spraying holes are formed in the bottom of the backwashing pipe, and the backwashing pipe is connected with a driving mechanism. According to the invention, the thickness of each filter material layer is relatively small, during backwashing, each filter material layer is respectively subjected to backwashing, impurities in the filter material layers can be rapidly and effectively flushed out, the washing effect is good, the driving mechanism is utilized to drive the backwashing pipe to reciprocate along the guide rail, and the backwashing efficiency is improved. And the whole upper surface of the filter material layer can be uniformly scoured by backwashing water.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of filtration, and particularly relates to a water filtration system and a backwashing method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] When water is filtered, particulate matters in the water are easy to block the filter material, and the filter material needs to be cleaned or replaced frequently. An application No. CN201610040836.3 discloses a village and town domestic sewage ecological micro-power treatment system, which comprises multiple layers of filter materials with different particle sizes, and a backwashing pipe is arranged inside to backwash the filter material. However, when backwashing, the following problems exist.

[0003] 1. The total thickness of the filter material is large, and when backwashing, the closer the filter material is to the backwashing pipe, the greater the flushing effect is, and the farther the filter material is from the backwashing pipe, the smaller the flushing effect is.

[0004] 2. The backwashing pipe can be arranged as a pipe network, but is usually fixedly arranged, and the position of the water spraying port of the backwashing water is also fixed, so the flushing range is fixed, and it is difficult to flush the entire surface of the filter material. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide a water filtration system and a backwashing method thereof, which can backwash the filter material more uniformly and improve the backwashing effect.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme: a water filtration system comprises a filtration chamber, a water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the filtration chamber, a water outlet is arranged at the top of the filtration chamber, multiple layers of filter material layers are arranged in the filtration chamber, and the particle sizes of the filter material layers decrease from bottom to top.

[0007] A backwashing chamber and a horizontal backwashing pipe are arranged between two adjacent filter material layers, horizontal guide rails are arranged on the two side walls of the backwashing chamber, moving blocks are arranged on the guide rails, the two ends of the backwashing pipe are connected with the moving blocks, multiple water spraying holes are arranged at the bottom of the backwashing pipe, and the backwashing pipe is connected with a driving mechanism for driving the horizontal movement of the backwashing pipe.

[0008] Further, the water spraying holes are arranged in two rows, the two rows of water spraying holes are arranged at the two sides of the bottom of the backwashing pipe, and the water spraying directions of the two rows of water spraying holes are both inclined downward.

[0009] Further, each filter material layer is provided with a vertical sewage discharge hole penetrating through the filter material layer, and a sealing column is arranged in the filtration chamber and detachably connected with all the sewage discharge holes.

[0010] Further, the bottom wall of the filtration chamber is inclined downward toward the water inlet.

[0011] Further, the backwashing pipes are multiple, the multiple backwashing pipes are parallel to each other, the multiple backwashing pipes are communicated through the connecting pipes, and each backwashing pipe is slidably connected with the guide rail through the moving block; the driving mechanism comprises a driving pipe penetrating through the side wall of the backwashing cavity, one end of the driving pipe located outside the backwashing cavity is provided with an end plate, a quick connector is arranged on the end plate, a sliding block is arranged in the driving pipe, a spring is arranged between one end of the sliding block and the end plate, and the other end of the sliding block is connected with the backwashing pipe through a connecting rod.

[0012] Further, the connecting pipe is connected with a water inlet hose, and a water inlet end of the water inlet hose penetrates through the side wall of the backwashing cavity.

[0013] A water inlet main pipe is arranged in the pipe sleeve, and the water inlet main pipe is communicated with the two backwashing pipes through flexible water inlet branch pipes.

[0014] The backwashing method of the water filtering system is as follows: each filter material layer is sequentially backwashed from top to bottom.

[0015] When the uppermost filter material layer is backwashed, a water pipe is held, backwashing water is introduced into the water pipe, the backwashing water washes the uppermost filter material layer, and the water pipe is moved until the washing range of the backwashing water covers the entire filter material layer.

[0016] When the lower filter material layers are backwashed, backwashing water is introduced into the backwashing pipe, the backwashing water is sprayed from each water spraying hole to wash the lower filter material layers, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the backwashing pipe to reciprocate along the guide rail for multiple times, so that the washing range of the backwashing water covers the entire filter material layer.

[0017] During backwashing, sewage is drawn out through the water inlet.

[0018] Further, during backwashing, the water level in the filtering cavity is lower than the lower surface of the filter material layer to be washed.

[0019] The present application has the following advantages: 1. The backwashing cavities are arranged between the adjacent two filter material layers, the thickness of each filter material layer is relatively small, each filter material layer is backwashed during backwashing, and the impurities in the filter material layer can be washed out more quickly and effectively, and the washing effect is good.

[0020] 2. During backwashing, the driving mechanism is used to drive the backwashing pipe to reciprocate along the guide rail, the entire upper surface of the filter material layer can be uniformly washed by the backwashing water, the filter material is not washed for a long time in some positions, and the filter material is not washed at all in some positions, and the backwashing effect is further ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a front view of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the BB section;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the backwashing process of the present invention;

[0025] Reference numerals: 1—Filter chamber; 2—Inlet; 3—Outlet; 4—Filter media layer; 5—Backwash chamber; 6—Guide rail; 7—Moving block; 8—Backwash pipe; 9—Sealing column; 10—Drive pipe; 11—End plate; 12—Quick connector; 13—Slider; 14—Spring; 15—Connecting rod; 16—Connecting pipe; 17—Inlet hose. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] The water filtration system of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the system includes a filter chamber 1, which is rectangular in shape. The filter chamber 1 can be the internal cavity of various filtration devices, or the internal cavity of structures such as filter dams or filter pools. The top of the filter chamber 1 is open. An inlet 2 is located at the bottom of the filter chamber 1, used to introduce water to be filtered. The water to be filtered can be various types of wastewater containing solid particles, or slightly polluted river water, water from ecological wetlands, etc. An outlet 3 is located at the top of the filter chamber 1, used to discharge the filtered water. Multiple filter media layers 4 are arranged inside the filter chamber 1, with the particle size of the filter media layers 4 decreasing from bottom to top. The filter media layers 4 are granular filter media used for filtering wastewater and can use various existing filter media, such as ceramic particles, gravel, volcanic rock particles, etc. Filtering through multiple filter media layers 4 layer by layer improves the filtration effect. The filter media layers 4, from the outside to the inside, include a support frame layer, a support mesh layer, and filter media. The support frame layer can be made of welded steel bars to support the entire filter media layer 4, and the support mesh layer can be made of wire mesh. A support member is provided on the side wall of the filter chamber 1. The support member can be a steel component pre-embedded in the side wall of the filter chamber 1 or welded to the side wall of the filter chamber 1. When installing the filter media layer 4, the filter media layer 4 is placed into the filter chamber 1 and supported by the support member. This installation method allows for easy removal of the filter media layer 4, facilitating replacement of the filter media or maintenance and cleaning of other components. The filter media layer 4 is preferably three layers, with the filter media particle sizes of the three layers 4 being 3-5mm, 6-8mm, and 10-15mm from top to bottom.

[0028] The backwashing cavity 5 is provided with horizontal backwashing pipes 8 between the adjacent two filter layers 4, and the adjacent two filter layers 4 have a spacing to facilitate the backwashing of the filter layers 4 in sequence. The thickness of each filter layer 4 is small, so that the solid particles in the filter layer 4 can be quickly and effectively flushed out, and the backwashing effect is improved. The two side walls of the backwashing cavity 5 are provided with horizontal guide rails 6, the guide rails 6 are provided with moving blocks 7, the moving blocks 7 are slidably connected with the guide rails 6, and the two ends of the backwashing pipes 8 are connected with the moving blocks 7. The bottom of the backwashing pipe 8 is provided with a plurality of water injection holes, and the two ends of the backwashing pipe 8 are closed. The water entering the backwashing pipe 8 can only be sprayed out from the water injection holes. The backwashing pipe 8 is connected with a driving mechanism for driving the horizontal movement of the backwashing pipe 8. Under the driving of the driving mechanism, the backwashing pipe 8 can move linearly along the guide rail 6 to and fro, so that the backwashing water can wash the entire upper surface of the filter layer 4.

[0029] The backwashing method of the water filtration system is to sequentially backwash each filter layer 4 from top to bottom to ensure that the solid particles in the filter layer 4 can be effectively flushed out. Specifically,

[0030] When backwashing the uppermost filter layer 4, a water pipe is held, backwashing water is introduced into the water pipe, the backwashing water washes the uppermost filter layer 4, and the water pipe is moved until the washing range of the backwashing water covers the entire filter layer 4. The top of the filter cavity 1 is open, so the uppermost filter layer 4 can be manually backwashed, and the backwashing pipe 8 and other components do not need to be arranged above the filter layer 4, which can simplify the structure of the filtration system.

[0031] When backwashing the lower filter layers 4, backwashing water is introduced into the backwashing pipe 8, and the backwashing pipe 8 can be connected with the outside world to introduce backwashing water from the outside world into the backwashing pipe 8. After the backwashing water enters the backwashing pipe 8, it can be sprayed downward from each water injection hole to wash the lower filter layer 4 and remove the solid particles in the filter layer 4. At the same time, the driving mechanism drives the backwashing pipe 8 to move back and forth along the guide rail 6 for multiple times, so that the washing range of the backwashing water covers the entire filter layer 4, and uniform backwashing of the filter layer 4 can be ensured.

[0032] During backwashing, sewage is pumped out through the water inlet 2 to timely remove the flushed sludge.

[0033] If the water level in the filter cavity 1 is too high and submerges the filter layer 4 to be washed, the backwashing water sprayed by the backwashing pipe 8 is difficult to directly act on the filter layer 4, and the water in the filter cavity 1 causes certain resistance to the backwashing water, which affects the backwashing efficiency. Therefore, during backwashing, the water level in the filter cavity 1 is controlled to be lower than the lower surface of the filter layer 4 to be washed.

[0034] In the application, the water spraying holes can be arranged in one row on the bottom of the backwashing pipe 8 and vertically downward, in order to improve the backwashing effect, the water spraying holes are arranged in two rows on the two sides of the bottom of the backwashing pipe 8, and the water spraying directions of the two rows of water spraying holes are both inclined downward, the water spraying direction of one row of water spraying holes is left downward, and the water spraying direction of the other row of water spraying holes is right downward, and the two rows of water spraying holes can spray water at the same time, so that the washing range can be increased.

[0035] In the traditional backwashing process, the solid particles discharged from the upper filter material layer 4 can enter the lower filter material layer 4 and then move downward through the gaps in the lower filter material layer 4. Since the lower filter material layer 4 has a certain blocking effect on the solid particles, it is difficult for the solid particles to quickly pass through the lower filter material layer 4, and part of the particles can also stay in the lower filter material layer 4 and are difficult to be fully discharged. In order to promote the solid particles to quickly pass through the lower filter material layer 4, each filter material layer 4 is provided with a sewage discharge hole vertically penetrating the filter material layer 4, and the filter chamber 1 is provided with a sealing column 9 detachably connected with all the sewage discharge holes, specifically, the sealing column 9 can be connected with the sewage discharge hole by plug-in connection. During backwashing, the sealing column 9 is pulled out, and the solid particles in the upper filter material layer 4 enter the lower backwashing chamber 5 under the action of water flow, and part of the solid particles can enter the sewage discharge hole along with the water flow and directly pass through the lower filter material layer 4 through the sewage discharge hole, thereby reducing the number of solid particles entering the lower filter material layer 4.

[0036] During backwashing, the water level in the filter chamber 1 is controlled so that the water level in the filter chamber 1 is located between the filter material layer 4 being washed and the adjacent filter material layer 4 below. After the solid particles in the filter material layer 4 being washed enter the accumulated water in the filter chamber 1 along with the backwashing water, the solid particles will be suspended in the water. When the sewage is pumped out through the water inlet 2, since the water flow resistance of the sewage discharge hole is smaller than that of the filter material layer 4, the accumulated water can drive the solid particles to flow downward through the sewage discharge hole, thereby reducing the number of particles entering the lower filter material layer 4.

[0037] In the application, the bottom wall of the filter chamber 1 is inclined downward toward the water inlet 2. When the sewage is pumped out through the water inlet 2, the sludge at the bottom wall of the filter chamber 1 can move along the bottom wall toward the water inlet 2, which is beneficial to fully discharge the sludge.

[0038] The driving mechanism can adopt a motor-driven screw rod mechanism or a conventional device such as a hydraulic cylinder, but when the screw rod is adopted, the screw rod is mostly located in the backwashing cavity 5, and the particles in the water will gradually adhere to the screw rod, affecting the smooth transmission of the screw rod, and the electric driving mechanism will increase the structural complexity of the device, increase the production cost, and be inconvenient for later maintenance. The hydraulic cylinder is relatively long, and a hydraulic station needs to be configured, which occupies a large space. In the present application, the backwashing pipes 8 are multiple, the multiple backwashing pipes 8 are parallel to each other, the multiple backwashing pipes 8 are communicated through the connecting pipes 16, and each backwashing pipe 8 is slidably connected with the guide rail 6 through the moving block 7. The driving mechanism includes a driving pipe 10 penetrating through the side wall of the backwashing cavity 5, the driving pipe 10 can adopt a metal pipe, is fixedly installed on the side wall of the backwashing cavity 5, and is perpendicular to the backwashing pipes 8. One end of the driving pipe 10 located outside the backwashing cavity 5 is provided with an end plate 11, the end plate 11 is provided with a quick connector 12, the quick connector 12 can be connected with an external water pipe. The driving pipe 10 is internally provided with a sliding block 13, the sliding block 13 is in sliding and sealing connection with the driving pipe 10, a spring 14 is arranged between one end of the sliding block 13 and the end plate 11, and the other end of the sliding block 13 is connected with the backwashing pipe 8 through a connecting rod 15.

[0039] During backwashing, the quick connector 12 is connected with the water pipe, the water pipe is connected with the water pump, the water pump sends the external water into the driving pipe 10, the water drives the sliding block 13 to move, the spring 14 is elongated, and the sliding block 13 drives the backwashing pipe 8 to move through the connecting rod 15, so that the backwashing pipe 8 uniformly washes the filter material layer 4 below. When the moving distance of the sliding block 13 reaches the interval between the adjacent two backwashing pipes 8, the water pump is reversed, the water in the driving pipe 10 is pumped out, the spring 14 is reset, the connecting rod 15 is pulled to move, and the connecting rod 15 pulls the backwashing pipe 8 to reset. The above process can be repeated to realize the reciprocating linear movement of each backwashing pipe 8.

[0040] In order to conveniently send the backwashing water to the backwashing pipes 8, the connecting pipes 16 are connected with the water inlet hose 17, and the water inlet end of the water inlet hose 17 penetrates through the side wall of the backwashing cavity 5. During backwashing, the water inlet end of the water inlet hose 17 is connected with the water pump, and the water pump sends the water to the water inlet hose 17, the connecting pipes 16 and the backwashing pipes 8. One water pump can be adopted, the inlet of the water pump is connected with a water source pipeline, the outlet is connected with a first output pipeline and a second output pipeline, the quick connector 12 has two inlets, one of which is connected with the first output pipeline, and the other is connected with the water source pipeline through a backwater pipeline, valves are arranged on the first output pipeline and the backwater pipeline, and the second output pipeline is connected with the water inlet hose 17, as shown in Figure 4When backwashing, the water source pipe is connected with the water source, the water pump is operated, the valve on the first output pipe is opened, the valve on the backwater pipe is closed, the water pump delivers part of water to the driving pipe 10 through the first output pipe, the backwashing pipe 8 is moved, and part of water is delivered to the water inlet hose 17 to wash the filter material layer 4. When the sliding block 13 moves to the distance between two adjacent backwashing pipes 8, the valve on the backwater pipe is opened, the valve on the first output pipe is closed, and the water pump can suck the water in the backwashing pipe 8 and deliver it to the water inlet hose 17. One water pump can supply water to the backwashing pipe 8 and drive the backwashing pipe 8 to move, thereby reducing the operation cost.

[0041] The driving mechanism of the present application has simple structure, does not need to be equipped with a water pump and the like in normal time, and is connected with the water pump and the like outside during backwashing, thereby reducing the number of equipment and manufacturing cost.

[0042] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. The present application can have various modifications and changes for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A water filtration system, comprising a filter chamber (1), an inlet (2) at the bottom of the filter chamber (1), an outlet (3) at the top of the filter chamber (1), and multiple layers of filter media (4) disposed within the filter chamber (1), the particle size of the filter media (4) decreasing from bottom to top; characterized in that, A backwash chamber (5) and a horizontal backwash pipe (8) are provided between two adjacent filter media layers (4). Horizontal guide rails (6) are provided on both sides of the backwash chamber (5). A moving block (7) is provided on the guide rail (6). The two ends of the backwash pipe (8) are connected to the moving block (7). Multiple water spray holes are provided at the bottom of the backwash pipe (8). The backwash pipe (8) is connected to a drive mechanism that drives the backwash pipe (8) to move horizontally.

2. The water filtration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water spray holes are arranged in two rows, located on both sides of the bottom of the backwash pipe (8), and the water spray direction of both rows of water spray holes is inclined downwards.

3. The water filtration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each filter media layer (4) is provided with a vertically penetrating drain hole, and the filter chamber (1) is provided with a sealing column (9) that is detachably connected to all drain holes.

4. The water filtration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom wall of the filter chamber (1) slopes downward toward the water inlet (2).

5. The water filtration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The backwash pipes (8) are multiple, and the multiple backwash pipes (8) are parallel to each other. The multiple backwash pipes (8) are connected by a connecting pipe (16), and each backwash pipe (8) is slidably engaged with the guide rail (6) through a moving block (7). The driving mechanism includes a driving pipe (10) that penetrates the side wall of the backwash chamber (5). One end of the driving pipe (10) located outside the backwash chamber (5) is provided with an end plate (11). A quick connector (12) is provided on the end plate (11). A slider (13) is provided inside the driving pipe (10). A spring (14) is provided between one end of the slider (13) and the end plate (11). The other end of the slider (13) is connected to the backwash pipe (8) through a connecting rod (15).

6. The water filtration system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The connecting pipe (16) is connected to a water inlet hose (17), and the water inlet end of the water inlet hose (17) penetrates the side wall of the backwash chamber (5).

7. The backwashing method for the water filtration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each filter media layer (4) is backwashed sequentially from top to bottom: When backwashing the top layer of filter media (4), hold the water pipe and pass backwash water into the water pipe. The backwash water will flush the top layer of filter media (4). Move the water pipe until the flushing range of the backwash water covers the entire filter media (4). When backwashing the filter media layers (4) below, backwash water is introduced into the backwash pipe (8). The backwash water is sprayed out from each spray hole to flush the filter media layers (4) below. At the same time, the backwash pipe (8) is driven by the drive mechanism to move back and forth along the guide rail (6) multiple times so that the flushing range of the backwash water covers the entire filter media layer (4). During backwashing, wastewater is pumped out through the inlet (2).

8. The backwashing method for the water filtration system according to claim 7, characterized in that, During backwashing, the water level in the filter chamber (1) is lower than the lower surface of the filter media layer (4) being backwashed.

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