Porous carbon material capable of efficiently adsorbing carbon dioxide and preparation method of porous carbon material

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide adsorption materials, and provides a porous carbon material for efficiently adsorbing carbon dioxide and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: S1, drying industrial solid waste, crushing the dried industrial solid waste into powder, and externally adding a carbon source; s2, acid pickling and impurity removal treatment: washing to be neutral and drying; s3, regulating the molar ratio of silicon to aluminum to a set value range, adding an alkaline substance, mixing, heating in an inert atmosphere for alkali fusion treatment, and cooling for later use; s4, mixing the alkali fusion product with an amorphous seed crystal guiding agent, magnetically stirring, and aging; and S5, carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the aged mixed solution, washing the product to be neutral, and drying to obtain the product. The prepared porous carbon material for efficiently adsorbing carbon dioxide is low in cost, has excellent gas selective separation performance and long-term cycle stability, and can selectively absorb carbon dioxide mixed in a mixture of nitrogen, methane and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of carbon dioxide adsorption materials, in particular to a porous carbon material for high-efficiency adsorption of carbon dioxide and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the global concern about greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide, as one of the main greenhouse gases, has been widely recognized as one of the key factors leading to climate warming and climate change. At present, fossil energy is still the main component of global energy structure, and a large amount of carbon dioxide will be produced in the combustion process. Industrial flue gas is the main source of carbon dioxide emissions, accounting for more than 80% of the total amount of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] At present, carbon dioxide capture technologies mainly include chemical absorption, physical adsorption and membrane separation. Among them, the solid adsorption method has attracted more and more attention in the field of carbon capture due to its low energy consumption, simple operation, strong renewability and environmental friendliness. Porous carbon materials, as an important solid adsorbent, have a wide range of precursors, including natural organic matter, biomass, agricultural waste, synthetic polymers and carbon-containing industrial by-products. Among them, solid waste materials (such as gasification slag, coking residue, etc.) as a kind of resource-rich and low-cost industrial by-product have gradually become an important precursor of porous carbon materials in recent years. Some solid waste products also contain a certain proportion of silicon, aluminum and other components, which provide additional possibilities for pore structure control and interface performance optimization.

[0004] The volatile components in the carbon matrix of the solid waste product escape when heated to form an initial pore framework, so some studies have used residual carbon in solid waste products to prepare adsorbent materials, but the content of residual carbon is usually low, and the pore structure control ability is limited.

[0005] Therefore, it is still of important research value and application prospect to develop a porous carbon material that introduces an additional carbon source instead of residual carbon and controls the silicon-aluminum ratio in coal gasification slag to achieve synergistic control of material structure and performance, with high carbon dioxide adsorption performance and separation selectivity. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and to provide a porous carbon material for high-efficiency adsorption of carbon dioxide and a preparation method thereof. The method has strong adaptability, simple process, and can selectively adsorb and separate carbon dioxide.

[0007] The present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] On the one hand, the present application provides a preparation method of a porous carbon material for high-efficiency adsorption of carbon dioxide, comprising:

[0009] S1, dry and crush the industrial solid waste into powder, and add carbon source;

[0010] S2, acid wash the product of step S1 to remove impurities, wash to neutral and dry;

[0011] S3, regulate the silicon-aluminum molar ratio of the product obtained in step S2 to a set value range, add alkaline substance and mix, heat in inert atmosphere for alkali fusion treatment, cool for standby;

[0012] S4, mix the alkali fusion product of step S3 with amorphous seed directing agent, stir magnetically and age to obtain aged mixed solution;

[0013] S5, hydrothermal reaction is carried out on the aged mixed solution, the product is washed to neutral and dried to obtain the porous carbon material for efficient carbon dioxide adsorption.

[0014] According to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, in step S1, the industrial solid waste is one or more of the combination of fly ash, coal gasification fine slag and silicon-aluminum containing metallurgical slag.

[0015] According to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, in step S1, the added amount of the added carbon source is 5-30wt% of the mass of the industrial solid waste powder.

[0016] The role of the added carbon source: the carbon content has a key influence on the structural characteristics and adsorption performance of the material, and appropriate introduction of carbon content can increase the specific surface area and porosity, optimize the pore size distribution, help to provide more adsorption sites, and enhance the adsorption capacity of small molecules (such as NH4 + , CO2, etc.); at the same time, the rich functional groups and aromatic structures on the surface of the carbon material can also provide various chemical adsorption mechanisms such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction, thereby improving the adsorption performance of the material. However, the content of residual carbon in the industrial solid waste is usually low, and the pore structure regulation ability is limited, therefore, a kind of added carbon source is developed to realize the synergistic regulation of the material structure and performance.

[0017] Experiments show that when the added amount of industrial solid waste powder is less than 5%, the improvement effect of the pore structure of the material is not obvious, and the CO2 adsorption performance is limited; when the added amount is greater than 30%, the pore structure will be partially collapsed and blocked, the CO2 adsorption performance will decrease instead, and the preparation cost will increase.

[0018] According to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, in step S2, the acid used for acid washing is one or more of the combination of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.

[0019] Further to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, in step S3, the silicon-aluminum ratio can be regulated by adding Al2O3, and the silicon-aluminum molar ratio is set in a range of 2.5-6.

[0020] Effect of regulating the silicon-aluminum ratio: The regulation of the silicon-aluminum ratio mainly acts on the adjustment of the charge distribution of the material framework, surface acidity, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and pore structure. Different silicon-aluminum ratios have different effects on the adsorption and separation of CO2 / CH4 / N2. A higher silicon-aluminum ratio leads to a weaker electrostatic field, and the separation performance of CO2 / CH4 and CO2 / N2 decreases with the increase of the silicon-aluminum ratio, while the regeneration capacity of CO2 presents an opposite trend, because the polarity of CO2 is higher than that of CH4 and N2. Thus, reducing the silicon-aluminum ratio (i.e., increasing the aluminum content) will introduce more negative charge sites in the framework, thereby enhancing the electrostatic attraction between the framework and polar molecules such as carbon dioxide, and thus improving the adsorption capacity and selectivity.

[0021] Experiments show that when Si / Al < 2.5, the charge of the material framework is too much, leading to a decrease in structural stability, and the CO2 adsorption is too strong, the regeneration is difficult, and the cycle performance is decreased. When Si / Al > 6, the charge of the material framework is insufficient, leading to a decrease in the electrostatic attraction to the polar gas CO2, thereby significantly reducing the separation selectivity.

[0022] Further to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, in step S3, the basic substance is one or more combinations of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and the inert atmosphere is one or more mixed gases of nitrogen, argon and helium.

[0023] Further to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, in step S4, the specific composition of the amorphous seed directing agent is SiO2:(0.142-0.5)Al2O3:(2-5)Na2O:(80-150)H2O, and each component is normalized to 1 mole of SiO2 in terms of molar ratio.

[0024] Further to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, the preparation of the amorphous seed directing agent: 15.2g of sodium hydroxide and 5.4g of aluminum hydroxide are dissolved in 120mL of deionized water, heated and stirred for 5h, then 20g of sodium silicate is added, and stirred at room temperature for 2h for standby.

[0025] Further to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, the dosage proportion of the amorphous seed directing agent is 2-10ml of seed directing agent per gram of solid waste material.

[0026] The role of the seed directing agent: as a nucleation inducer, by promoting the directional nucleation and ordered growth of zeolite crystals, optimizing the spatial distribution of zeolites on the carbon-based skeleton, improving the specific surface area and pore structure of the optimized material, facilitating the rapid crystallization of zeolite phases, avoiding the generation of impurity phases, and enhancing the structural stability. By adjusting the composition of the seed, the pore size and surface chemical properties of the zeolite can be further influenced, thereby improving the selective adsorption capacity and adsorption capacity of the material for CO2.

[0027] According to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, in step S4, the magnetic stirring is carried out at room temperature, the magnetic stirring time is 2-12h, and the aging time is 6-24h.

[0028] According to any possible implementation manner described above, further provided is an implementation manner, in step S5, the hydrothermal temperature is 80-120℃, and the hydrothermal time is 12-48h.

[0029] In another aspect, the present application also provides a porous carbon material for efficiently adsorbing carbon dioxide, which is obtained by the above-mentioned method for preparing a porous carbon material for efficiently adsorbing carbon dioxide.

[0030] The present application has the following advantages:

[0031] 1、The raw material is treated by alkali fusion in the present application, the silicon and aluminum components in the raw material are fully utilized, the refractory silicon and aluminum in the raw material is converted into soluble silicate and meta-aluminate to improve the reaction activity and reduce the reaction time, then the product with uniform crystal phase and high crystallinity is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, compared with the traditional synthesis method of alkaline aqueous solution, the alkali fusion-hydrothermal synthesis process using solid alkali as an activator can save the step of adding a template, realize process simplification and energy consumption reduction, improve the conversion rate of the product, and realize efficient preparation of the product.

[0032] 2、The porous carbon material with multi-level pore structure is induced by introducing an external carbon source and adjusting the molar ratio of silicon and aluminum, which can significantly improve the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide and has excellent separation and adsorption effect in mixed gas, and has the advantages of strong regeneration and reuse ability, renewable performance and long cycle stability, etc., and is suitable for efficient capture of carbon dioxide in industrial flue gas, and has good industrial application prospect and promotion value.

[0033] 3、The porous carbon material prepared by the application has significant advantages in carbon dioxide adsorption performance. The adsorption performance of CO2 in the material is due to the synergistic effect of multi-level pores, while CH4 / N2 only relies on weak van der Waals force, CO2 (0.33 nm) can enter the micropore efficiently due to its smaller size, while CH4 (0.38 nm) and N2 (0.36 nm) are limited by the pore size, and the adsorption amount is significantly reduced; the diffusion coefficient of CO2 is lower than that of CH4 and N2, which indicates that it stays in the pore for a longer time due to strong adsorption, further enhancing the separation selectivity. Combined with the strong electrostatic adsorption site of micropore and the hierarchical pore structure of porous carbon, the adsorption capacity and selectivity of CO2 are significantly improved.

[0034] 4、Compared with other adsorbents, the porous carbon material prepared by the application has better performance in carbon dioxide adsorption than most adsorbents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a preparation method of a porous carbon material for efficient carbon dioxide adsorption according to an embodiment of the application.

[0036] Figure 2 Fig. 2 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the porous carbon material of Example 1.

[0037] Figure 3 Fig. 3 shows a pore size distribution graph of the porous carbon material of Example 1.

[0038] Figure 4 Fig. 4 shows a carbon dioxide adsorption isotherm graph of the porous carbon material of Example 1.

[0039] Figure 5 Fig. 5 shows a comparison diagram of the adsorption performance of CO2, CH4 and N2 of the porous carbon material of Example 1 under the condition of 1 bar and different temperatures.

[0040] Figure 6 Fig. 6 shows a dynamic adsorption breakthrough curve of 15% CO2+85% N2 of the porous carbon material of Example 1.

[0041] Figure 7 Fig. 7 shows a CO2 adsorption curve of the porous carbon material of Example 1 after 8 cycles of adsorption. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the specific drawings. It should be noted that the technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered in isolation, and they can be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects.

[0043] As shown in Figure 1 Fig. 1 shows a preparation method of a porous carbon material for efficient carbon dioxide adsorption according to an embodiment of the application, which comprises:

[0044] S1, drying and crushing the industrial solid waste into powder, and adding a carbon source;

[0045] S2, acid pickling and impurity removal treatment of the product of step S1, washing to neutral and drying;

[0046] S3, regulating the silicon-aluminum molar ratio of the product obtained in step S2 to a set value range, adding an alkaline substance, mixing, heating for alkali fusion treatment in an inert atmosphere, and cooling for standby;

[0047] S4, mixing the alkali fusion product of step S3 with an amorphous seed directing agent, magnetic stirring, and aging to obtain an aging mixed solution;

[0048] S5, hydrothermal reaction of the aging mixed solution, washing the product to neutral, and drying to obtain the porous carbon material for efficient carbon dioxide adsorption.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, in step S1, the industrial solid waste is a combination of one or more of coal gasification fine slag, fly ash, and silicon-aluminum containing metallurgical slag.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, in step S1, the added amount of the added carbon source is 5-30wt% of the mass of the industrial solid waste powder.

[0051] In one specific embodiment, in step S2, the acid used for acid pickling is one or more of a combination of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.

[0052] In one specific embodiment, in step S3, the set value range of the silicon-aluminum molar ratio is 2.5-6.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, in step S3, the alkaline substance is one or more of a combination of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate, and the inert atmosphere is a mixed gas of one or more of nitrogen, argon, and helium.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, in step S4, the amorphous seed directing agent is an amorphous silicon-aluminum precursor, and the composition of the amorphous seed directing agent is: SiO2:(0.142-0.5)Al2O3:(2-5)Na2O:(80-150)H2O, and the components are normalized to 1 mole of SiO2 in terms of molar ratio.

[0055] In one specific embodiment, in step S4, magnetic stirring is carried out at room temperature, the magnetic stirring time is 2-12h, and the aging time is 6-24h.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, in step S5, the hydrothermal temperature is 80-120℃ and the hydrothermal time is 12-48h.

[0057] This invention provides a porous carbon material that efficiently adsorbs carbon dioxide, which is obtained by the above-described method for preparing a porous carbon material that efficiently adsorbs carbon dioxide.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] A method for preparing a porous carbon material that efficiently adsorbs carbon dioxide includes:

[0060] The coal gasification slag is put into a ball mill for thorough grinding and sieving, and the gasification slag with a particle size of less than 75 micrometers is collected for later use.

[0061] The above gasification slag was thoroughly mixed with 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid at a ratio of 4 mL hydrochloric acid per gram of slag, stirred at 300 rpm for 80 minutes at 35°C, then washed until neutral and dried in a 105°C oven for 12 hours for later use. The above slag was then prepared with a SiO2 / Al2O3 molar ratio of 3.5, and 20% biomass pyrolysis carbon source and 20% NaOH were added. The mixture was thoroughly mixed and placed in a tube furnace under argon gas at 10°C.

[0062] Heat to 800℃ per minute and hold for 2 hours, then cool to room temperature for later use.

[0063] 24 mL of deionized water and 10 mL of seed crystal guiding agent were added and stirred for 4 hours. The mixture was then aged for 13 hours and transferred to a reactor for hydrothermal reaction at 100℃ for 24 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was washed and dried. The specific surface area of ​​the hierarchical porous carbon zeolite composite material was measured to be 621.93 m² / g, and the total pore volume (P / P0 = 0.990, pore diameter < 195.6 nm) was 0.3286 cm³. 3 / g, average pore diameter: 2.1134nm.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] A method for preparing a porous carbon material that efficiently adsorbs carbon dioxide includes:

[0066] The coal gasification slag is put into a ball mill for thorough grinding and sieving, and the gasification slag with a particle size of less than 75 micrometers is collected for later use.

[0067] The above gasification slag is mixed with 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid at 4 mL of hydrochloric acid per gram of slag, stirred at 300 r / min, and stirred at 35°C for 80 min, then washed to neutral and dried in a 105°C drying oven for 12 h. The above slag SiO2 / Al2O3 molar ratio is 3.5, then add biomass pyrolysis carbon source 20% and NaOH 20%, mix evenly, place in a tube furnace, heat to 800°C at 10°C / min under argon, and keep for 2 h, cool to room temperature for standby.

[0068] Add 24 mL of deionized water, 10 mL of seed directing agent, mix and stir for 4 h, age for 5 h, move into the reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, the temperature is 100°C, the reaction time is 18 h, after the reaction is completed, wash and dry. The specific surface area of the multi-level porous carbon zeolite composite material is 568.24 m2 / g, the total pore volume (P / P0=0.990, pore diameter <195.6 nm) is 0.3039 cm3 / g, and the average pore diameter is 2.1392 nm. 3

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A method for preparing a porous carbon material for efficient adsorption of carbon dioxide, comprising:

[0071] The coal gasification fine slag is put into a ball mill for grinding and sieving, and the gasification slag with a particle size of less than 75 microns is collected for standby.

[0072] The above gasification slag is mixed with 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid at 4 mL of hydrochloric acid per gram of slag, stirred at 300 r / min, and stirred at 35°C for 80 min, then washed to neutral and dried in a 105°C drying oven for 12 h. The above slag SiO2 / Al2O3 molar ratio is 3.5, then add biomass pyrolysis carbon source 20% and NaOH 20%, mix evenly, place in a tube furnace, heat to 800°C at 10°C / min under argon, and keep for 2 h, cool to room temperature for standby.

[0073] Add 24 mL of deionized water, 10 mL of seed directing agent, mix and stir for 4 h, age for 5 h, move into the reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, the temperature is 100°C, the reaction time is 15 h, after the reaction is completed, wash and dry. The specific surface area of the multi-level porous carbon zeolite composite material is 568.24 m2 / g, the total pore volume (P / P0=0.990, pore diameter <195.6 nm) is 0.3039 cm3 / g, and the average pore diameter is 2.1392 nm. 3

[0074] Example 4

[0075] A method for preparing a porous carbon material for efficient adsorption of carbon dioxide, comprising:

[0076] ​​The coal gasification fine slag is put into a ball mill for grinding and sieving, and the gasification slag with a particle size less than 75 microns is collected for use.

[0077] The above gasification slag is mixed with 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid at 4 mL of the hydrochloric acid per gram of the slag, stirred at 300 r / min, and stirred at 35 DEG C for 80 min, then washed to neutral, and dried in a 105 DEG C drying oven for 12 h for standby use. The above slag with a SiO2 / Al2O3 molar ratio of 2.5 is configured, and then 20% of a biomass pyrolysis carbon source and 20% of NaOH are added, mixed uniformly, placed in a tube furnace, heated to 800 DEG C at 10 DEG C / min under argon, and kept for 2 h, and then cooled to room temperature for standby use.

[0078] Deionized water 24 mL and seed directing agent 10 mL are mixed and stirred for 4 h, aged for 5 h, moved into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, the temperature is 100 DEG C, and the reaction time is 12 h, after the reaction, washed and dried.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] A method for preparing a porous carbon material for efficiently adsorbing carbon dioxide comprises:

[0081] The coal gasification fine slag is put into a ball mill for grinding and sieving, and the gasification slag with a particle size less than 75 microns is collected for use.

[0082] The above gasification slag is mixed with 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid at 4 mL of the hydrochloric acid per gram of the slag, stirred at 300 r / min, and stirred at 35 DEG C for 80 min, then washed to neutral, and dried in a 105 DEG C drying oven for 12 h for standby use. The above slag with a SiO2 / Al2O3 molar ratio of 2.5 is configured, and then 20% of a biomass pyrolysis carbon source and 20% of NaOH are added, mixed uniformly, placed in a tube furnace, heated to 800 DEG C at 10 DEG C / min under argon, and kept for 2 h, and then cooled to room temperature for standby use.

[0083] Deionized water 24 mL and seed directing agent 10 mL are mixed and stirred for 4 h, aged for 5 h, moved into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, the temperature is 100 DEG C, and the reaction time is 12 h, after the reaction, washed and dried.

[0084] Figure 2 X-ray diffraction patterns of the porous carbon materials prepared in Examples 1-3 are shown, which show the influence of the time gradient (15 h / 18 h / 24 h) on the crystal growth, the initial stage (<15 h) is controlled by kinetics, the condensation rate of silicate and aluminate ions dominates the crystal nucleus formation; the middle stage (15-18 h) is a thermodynamic dominant stage, the interface energy drives the preferential orientation growth of the crystal; and the later stage (>18 h) enters the diffusion control zone, and the solution concentration gradient is not enough to maintain continuous growth.

[0085] Figure 3The pore size distribution of the porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 is shown, indicating that it has a typical hierarchical pore feature, providing the material with a high specific surface area and hierarchical mass transfer channels, so that it has significant advantages in applications such as adsorption separation.

[0086] Figure 4 、 Figure 5 The adsorption performance comparison of CO2, CH4 and N2 of the porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 at 1 bar and different temperatures is shown, which exhibits significant CO2 adsorption capacity in pure component static adsorption, and the CO2 adsorption capacity is 174.28 mg / g at 298 K and 1 bar; and 212.23 mg / g at 273 K and 1 bar; compared with this, the adsorption capacity of CH4 and N2 is significantly lower, and the order of adsorption capacity is CO2 >> CH4 > N2, and the adsorption capacity of CH4 and N2 is <10 mg / g, which reflects the high adsorption performance and selective preferential adsorption of the adsorption material to CO2.

[0087] Figure 6 The dynamic adsorption breakthrough curve of the porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 to carbon dioxide is shown, indicating the high selective adsorption of the material to CO2.

[0088] Figure 7 The CO2 adsorption curve of the porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 after 8 cycles of adsorption is shown, and the CO2 adsorption capacity retention rate is still above 95% after multiple adsorption-desorption cycles, which shows excellent long-term cyclic regeneration stability.

[0089] The porous carbon material prepared in the application has low cost, excellent gas selective separation performance and long-term cyclic stability, and can selectively absorb carbon dioxide mixed in nitrogen, methane and other mixtures.

[0090] Although several embodiments of the present application have been given in the present text, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments in the present text can be changed without departing from the spirit of the present application. The above embodiments are only exemplary, and the embodiments in the present text should not be used as a limitation of the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a porous carbon material that efficiently adsorbs carbon dioxide, characterized in that, The method comprises: S1, drying and crushing industrial solid waste into powder, and adding carbon source; S2, acid pickling and impurity removal treatment of the product of step S1, washing to neutral and drying; S3, regulating the silicon-aluminum molar ratio of the product of step S2 to a set value range, adding alkaline substance mixing, heating for alkali fusion treatment in inert atmosphere, cooling for standby; S4, mixing the alkali fusion product of step S3 with amorphous seed directing agent, magnetic stirring and aging to obtain an aging mixed solution; S5, hydrothermal reaction of the aging mixed solution, washing the product to neutral and drying to obtain the porous carbon material for high-efficiency carbon dioxide adsorption.

2. The method for preparing a porous carbon material with high efficiency for adsorbing carbon dioxide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the industrial solid waste is a combination of one or more of fly ash, coal gasification fine slag, and silicon-aluminum metallurgical slag.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency is prepared by the steps of: preparing a mixture of a carbon source and a polymer; and carbonizing the mixture to prepare the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency. In step S1, the added amount of the additional carbon source is 5-30wt% of the mass of the industrial solid waste powder.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency is prepared by the steps of: preparing a mixture of a carbon source and a polymer; and carbonizing the mixture to prepare the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency. In step S2, the acid used for acid pickling is one or more combination of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency is prepared by the steps of: preparing a mixture of a carbon source and a polymer; and carbonizing the mixture to prepare the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency. In step S3, the set value range of the silicon-aluminum molar ratio is 2.5-6.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency is prepared by the steps of: preparing a mixture of a carbon source and a polymer; and carbonizing the mixture to prepare the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency. In step S3, the alkaline substance is one or more combination of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate, and the inert atmosphere is one or more mixed gas of nitrogen, argon, and helium.

7. The method for preparing a porous carbon material with high efficiency for adsorbing carbon dioxide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the composition of the amorphous seed directing agent is (1) SiO2:(0.142-0.5)Al2O3:(2-5)Na2O:(80-150)H2O, each component is in molar ratio.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency is prepared by the steps of: preparing a mixture of a carbon source and a polymer; and carbonizing the mixture to prepare the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency. In step S4, magnetic stirring at room temperature, magnetic stirring time is 2-12h, and aging time is 6-24h.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency is prepared by the steps of: preparing a mixture of a carbon source and a polymer; and carbonizing the mixture to prepare the porous carbon material having high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency. In step S5, the hydrothermal temperature is 80-120℃, and the hydrothermal time is 12-48h.

10. A porous carbon material for efficiently adsorbing carbon dioxide, characterized by comprising a porous carbon material having a pore volume of 0.1 to 1.0 ml / g and a pore diameter of 0.5 to 2.0 nm. The porous carbon material is obtained by the preparation method of the porous carbon material for high-efficiency carbon dioxide adsorption according to any one of claims 1-9.

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